WO2014070568A1 - Improved air handling and cooling in a mine - Google Patents
Improved air handling and cooling in a mine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014070568A1 WO2014070568A1 PCT/US2013/066546 US2013066546W WO2014070568A1 WO 2014070568 A1 WO2014070568 A1 WO 2014070568A1 US 2013066546 W US2013066546 W US 2013066546W WO 2014070568 A1 WO2014070568 A1 WO 2014070568A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- power
- mine
- fed
- turbo expander
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 165
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000004240 Triticum spelta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Definitions
- Air management systems in such mines are designed to provide air for ventilation for the miners, shaft wall surface cooling as well as compressed air for powering the pneumatic rock drills.
- Ventilation systems include electrically powered exhaust fans, as well as forced draft air using
- compressors supplying air at 1 to 3 bar.
- compressed air is provided at 5 to 8 bar pressure in air ducts running deep into the mines to power the pneumatic rock drills.
- Multiple large compressors ranging from 2 to10 at 1000 to 3000 KVA each are installed above ground into a common ductwork, which runs off a common header with multiple leads and ducts providing the air needs underground.
- Power to these compressors is typically provided by grid power. Grid power rates can vary with time of use, and often peak power rates can be 5 to 10 times the unit power rate on a per KWH basis compared to rates for off-peak.
- Each large mine typically has long term contracts with utility companies where these variations are spelt out, including incentives for adopting energy conservation and peak-shaving methods adopted by the mines. [0004] For instance in South Africa where Eskorn is the national power utility and supplier of power to large mines such as the Anglo-American Group, utilities are unable to provide all the power required at the mine.
- Mining companies concurrently use generators using fuel oil, diesel and gasoline and large diesel or other liquid fuels to supplement the power requirement to keep the mines operational.
- Anglo- Platinum Corporate Environmental Report for 201 1 that mine operations consumed over 200 MW of grid power in approximately 10 mining operations, in addition to 70 MW of power generated at a much higher price through the use of liquid fuels. It can be inferred that at 7 MW of liquid fuel based local generation of power in each mine, Anglo-Platinum consumed approximately 1.8 million liters of diesel costing them at 19M Rand per year per mine to a figure of 3.9 Rand KWH or 0.45 US Dollars/KWH.
- the invention provide for a method of providing more energy efficient air and cooling management systems in a mine complex.
- a method for producing power for use in a mine for mining operations wherein power from an electric grid is not being fed to the mining operations comprising the steps: a) liquefying air; b) feeding said liquefied air to a storage unit; c) feeding said liquefied air from said storage unit to a heat exchanger; d) feeding gaseous air from said heat exchanger to a turbo expander; and e) delivering power and if needed - cooling from said turbo expander to said mine.
- the mine is typically an ore producing mine such as a gold or platinum mine.
- the mine contains a main shaft for the transportation of mine workers and needed supplies.
- the ventilation shaft provides air and cooling to the miners as well as an exhaust from the mine.
- the power that is delivered by the invention is electrical power which is generated by the turbo expander and fed to the power grid.
- the storage unit is a cryogenic storage tank and the liquefied air will remain in this storage when the power consuming devices in the mining operations are drawing power from the power grid.
- the electrical power that is generated in step e) is fed to the mine through the electrical power grid.
- reducing power from the electrical grid is defined to include the state of reducing power draw but also the state where there is no power drawn from the electrical grid.
- the heat exchanger can, for example, can draw heat from fuel exhaust or hot mine water and use this in exchanging heat with the liquefied air fed from the storage unit.
- This step will cause the liquefied air to become gaseous and be fed to the turbo expander at a pressure of 20 to 70 Bar.
- the cold expanded air can further be fed to the air liquefier to assist in providing cooling the air being liquefied.
- ambient air may be fed to the coid store and regenerator.
- the cold expanded air may also be fed into the ventilation shaft of the mine as a means to provide dry cooling to the mine without introducing additional moisture to the environment, such as when ice is employed.
- a different embodiment there is disclosed a method for providing power to a mine comprising the steps; a) liquefying air; b) feeding said liquefied air to a storage unit; c) stopping or reducing feed of electricity from a power grid to the mine; d) feeding said liquefied air from said storage unit to a heat exchanger; e) feeding gaseous air from said heat exchanger to a turbo expander; and f) delivering power from said turbo expander to said mine.
- the state of reducing the feed of electricity from the power grid to the mine will include the state where there is no electricity being fed from the power grid to the mine,
- a system for providing power to a mine comprising: a) an air liquefier; b) a liquid air storage unit; c) a heat exchanger; d) a turbo expander; and e) means for providing power from said turbo expander to said mine.
- LAES Liquid Air Energy Storage
- An appropriately sized Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) system comprising an (i) air liquefier system; (ii) cryogenic storage; (iii) insulated energy recuperation vessel including thermal/cryogenic fluids or packed bed of ceramic rocks providing low pressure drop; and (iv) associated pumps, compressors, pipes, heat exchangers and operating equipment are installed above ground in a mine complex.
- LAES Liquid Air Energy Storage
- the LAES is connected (a) electrically to the electrical power grid utility power lines at a mine; (b) mechanically into the main mine compressed air header that exists above ground; and (c) mechanically and thermally integrated with the mine cooling system that supplies the underground shaft network with cold air and ice,
- the LAES is operated in a manner that allows using low cost power, available at low-power rate times, or when excess renewable power such as wind and solar is available to chill and liquefy air and store it as a liquid in a cryogenic vessel. At these times, normal mine operations such as compressed air generation, electrical drilling and lighting or chilling/ice ⁇ making operations continue without change.
- stored liquid air is in full or in part: (i) compressed to higher pressures greater than 50 Bar using a cryogenic pump; (ii) followed by vaporization or heating of air in a supercritical state and exchange of heat from ambient air, mine water, steam heat recovery units from local power generators, or other waste heat source from mining operations; (iii) de-pressurized to a pressure of 4 to 8 Bar through one or more turbo-expanders whereby power is generated in single or multiple stages; (iv) the de-pressurized air at 4 to 6 Bar is in part or total fed into the main compressed air header in the mine; (v) this air reduces the power required for mine air compression system during such time partially or completely; (vi) a part of the liquid air or in combination with vaporized chilled air is directly dropped into the mines to reduce the chilling requirements of the mine; and/
- the embodiment may include (i) extracting a portion of the 4 to 8 Bar air; (ii) further heating this stream by exchange of heat from ambient air, mine water, heat recovery units from local power generators or other waste heat source from mining operations; (iii) depressurizing this heated air stream to 1 to 3 Bar pressure through one or more turbo-expander operations; and (iv) introducing this depressurized 1 to 3 Bar air stream into the mine ventilation system.
- a further alternative embodiment may include diverting a portion of the stored liquid air directly into the mine to provide the cooling required
- the advantages realized by the invention include the reuse of compressed air and its cold for improved energy efficiency compared to the conventional LAES system where power is generated by air evaporation and air released back to ambient without the air being reused,
- the use of the cold liquid air provides additional benefits to being used to produce electric power.
- the cold energy present in the liquid air can be used to off-set the need for and requirements of cold in a mine.
- the cold energy extracted from the liquid air can be used to provide cool air to miners to breathe underground directly, or by exchanging the heat of the mine shaft to vaporize and pressurize the liquid or cold air through either direct or indirect heat exchange means,
- the round trip efficiency of an LAES system can further be improved by using the thermal recuperator which consists of an insulated bed of ceramic rocks or thermal fluids and organic Rankine cycle, which recovers and stores the cold energy from vaporized air and uses it at a later time to reduce the overall energy needs of the entire LAES.
- the thermal recuperator which consists of an insulated bed of ceramic rocks or thermal fluids and organic Rankine cycle, which recovers and stores the cold energy from vaporized air and uses it at a later time to reduce the overall energy needs of the entire LAES.
- the invention may be used in operations beyond mining where industrial or commerciai operations use compressed air or chilling in large amounts such as providing power to a residential mining township (air conditioning and peak shaving in summer), metal making (metal
- Figure 1 is a schematic of a liquid air storage system per the invention when off-peak power rates and high grid power availability are applicable.
- Figure 2 is a schematic of a liquid air storage system per the invention when peak power rates or low grid power availability are applicable.
- Figure 3 is a iabie detailing some assumptions in calculating power savings,
- Figure 4 is a table detailing approximate power tariff rates for South Africa.
- Figure 5 is a table detailing the savings realized by the instant invention
- Figure 6 is a table detailing tariff charts for the use of energy at various times of the day and week.
- Figure 7 is a table showing the savings realized by the instant invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic of a liquid air storage system operation when off-peak power rates are low and there is high grid power availability.
- the mine power requirements in this example are consistent with a mid-size mine and are 20 to 25 MW.
- Power for air ventilation and compressors for rock drills is about 10 to 15 MW and power for other uses is about 10 to 15 MW.
- the pressure requirement for shaft ventilation is 1 to 3 Bar and the pressure requirement for pneumatic rock drills is 5 to 6 Bar. Cooling requirements for the mine workers inside of the mine are 10 to 15 MW.
- a schematic of the mine is represented in the lower left hand corner of Figure 1 showing the main shaft 101 and ventilations shaft 106 as well as shafts 1 13 that connect the main shaft 101 to the ore body itself 1 12.
- the main shaft 101 is connected to the surface by a headframe AA that contains the elevator assembly and related components (not shown) for transporting mine personnel and supplies underground.
- the ventilation shaft 106 is connected to the surface by a compressor and ventilator B and is responsible for providing air/oxygen underground. Ice and chilled water is also sent or fed into the mine through line 7 to assist in cooling off the temperatures under ground.
- the main shaft 101 connects at the bottom with a stop 102 where the elevator would settle. Below this stop 102 is the sump 103 which is fluidly connected to the ore bin 105 and crusher 104. Water from the surface or ice added to the mine would gather in the sump 103.
- the shafts designated 1 13 are connected to the ore body 1 12.
- the main levels are connected by ore passes 104, 108 and 109 which allow for the passage of ore between the levels.
- Exploration drilling occurs in shaft 1 10 where it connects to where diamond drilling 1 14 is occurring.
- the top main levels will contact the ore body 1 12 and the majority of the drilling operation will be occurring at the slope 1 1 1.
- the grid power is represented by the top line 1 and this connects with the various components that require power during operation of a mine. So, for example, the headframe AA and components contained therein (not shown) will draw power from the grid power. The compressors and ventilators B will draw power as does the chiller and icemaker BB and the air Siquefier C.
- line 2 will supply power to the air liquefier C
- line 3 will provide power to the chiller and icemaker BB
- line 4 provides power to the compressors and ventilators B
- line 5 will provide power for other uses within the mine installation
- Ambient air is fed through line 8 to the compressors and ventilators B and this ambient air can be fed into the ventilation shaft of the mine through the compressors and ventilators B.
- Line 6 will also deliver ambient air to a main air compressor CC which will compress the air and feed through line 8A to a drier DD.
- the dried and compressed air will leave drier DD through line 8B and be fed to the cold store and regenerator J which will coo! the dried and compressed air and feed it to the air liquefier C through line 20.
- the air liquefier C wi!l draw power from the grid through Sine 1 during this period. Air will be drawn into the air liquefier device C such as a cryogenic distillation column where the air will be divided into its component constituents and liquefied. This liquefied air is fed through an appropriate line 8 to a liquid air storage unit D which may be any number of cryogenic storage tanks or other devices that will contain liquid air while maintaining its temperature. Any heat loss will be vented through the top of the liquid air storage unit and vented as air to the atmosphere through line 9. During this period when the power availability is high and rates low, the operation stops at this stage and the liquid air continues to remain in storage.
- the air liquefier device C such as a cryogenic distillation column where the air will be divided into its component constituents and liquefied.
- This liquefied air is fed through an appropriate line 8 to a liquid air storage unit D which may be any number of cryogenic storage tanks or other devices that will contain liquid air while maintaining its temperature. Any heat loss will be vented through the
- the remaining components shown in Figure 1 are not active when the mining operations are drawing power from the grid.
- the liquid air storage unit D is f!uidfy connected via Sine 10 and 1 1 to a liquid air pump F which in turn is fluidly connected to a regenerator J through Line 1 1 and then a heat exchanger G through line 12.
- Line 12 allows for the transfer of liquefied air to the cold store and regenerator J where the liquefied air will be warmed up and passed through a heat exchanger present in the cold store and regenerator J. This warmer air is passed through line 12A to a second heat exchanger G.
- the heat exchanger G may also be one or more heat exchangers.
- E and S are valves or circuit breakers which are active during this stage of operation. These valves or circuit breakers can be either off or on. For instance, at this stage, I indicates there is no power generated by the inventive system and therefor fed to the grid. E represents that all fluid flow in line 10 stops during this stage.
- the heat exchanger G will use sources of heat such as fuel exhaust or hot mine water through line 14 to warm the liquid air as well as increase its pressure and will vent through line 13.
- the air now in the gaseous state will pass from the heat exchanger G through line 15 at a pressure of 20 to 70 Bar and be fed to a turbo expander H which will expand the high pressure air passing through and produce energy which can be fed into the power grid through line 18.
- the cold expanded air is then fed through line 17 to a cold store and regenerator J such as rocks or other organic compounds which can then be fed back to the air fiquefier C as cooied air through line 20. !
- Ambient air may be fed through line 18 to the cold store and regenerator J to take advantage of the cooling provided therein. Further, the cold store and regenerator J may feed cooled air to the ambient air via line 6 being fed from the surface into the ventilation shaft through line 19.
- Figure 2 represents the situation when some of the mining operation stops drawing power from the grid line 1 , such as when peak power rates are present or there is low grid power available. Power through line 2, 3 and 4 will stop being drawn. At this point in time, sufficient amounts of air has been liquefied and stored. Like designations are employed in figure 2 as are employed in figure 1. In this situation power from the grid is reduced or completely stopped to the air iiquefier unit C, the chiller and icemaker BB and most to the power compressors and ventilators A. The mine power requirements remain ostensibly the same as in the situation described in Figure 1. Power continues to flow from the grid through line 1 and line 5 for the uses associated with the headframe AA connecting the main shaft 101 to the above ground.
- E and S are valves or circuit breakers that can be turned on or off and reflect the current power state as to whether the mine is drawing electrical power from the grid or not.
- K, L and also represent a stoppage of power.
- power stoppage represented by L there Is no power being directed to the chiller and icemaker BB so no cold energy is being produced for feeding into the mine.
- power stoppage represented by no power is being fed to the ventilators and compressors B.
- a schematic of the mine is represented in the lower left hand corner of the Figure 2 showing the main shaft 101 and ventilations shaft 108 as well as shafts 1 13 that connect the main shaft 101 to the ore body itself 1 12.
- the main shaft 101 is connected to the surface by a headframe AA that contains the elevator assembly and related components (not shown) for transporting mine personnel and supplies underground.
- the ventilation shaft 108 is connected to the surface by a compressor and ventilator B and is responsible for providing air/oxygen underground through line 8. Ice and chilled water is also inputted into the mine through line 7 to assist in cooling off the
- the main shaft 101 connects at the bottom with a stop 102 where the elevator wo u id settle. Below this stop 102 is the sump 103 which is fluidiy connected to the ore bin 105 and crusher 104. Water from the surface or ice added to the mine would gather in the sump 103.
- the shafts designated 1 13 are connected to the ore body 112.
- the main levels are connected by ore passes 104, 108 and 109 which allow for the passage of ore between the levels.
- Exploration driiling occurs in shaft 110 where it connects to where diamond drit!ing 1 14 is occurring.
- the top main levels will contact the ore body 1 12 and the majority of the drilling operation will be occurring at the slope 1 1 1.
- the air liquefier C is not operating during this stage so no more liquid air is being produced and fed through line 8 to liquid air storage D. Instead, liquid air from the storage unit D is being fiuidly fed through line 10 to a liquid air pump F at 1 to 3 Bar pressure is fed through line 12 through cold store and regenerator J and to a heat exchanger G. Line 12 allows for the transfer of liquefied air to the cold store and regenerator J where the liquefied air will be warmed up and passed through a heat exchanger present in the cold store and regenerator J. This warmer air is passed through line 12A to a second heat exchanger G. Any heat loss would be accommodated by venting air to the atmosphere from the liquid air storage unit through line 9.
- the heat exchangers G and that present in the cold store and regenerator J will utilize sources of heat available at the mine such as fuel exhaust or hot mine water to warm the liquid air through line 14 and will be evacuated through line 3. This will change the liquid air to a gas and increases its pressure to 20 to 70 Bar where it will be fed through line 15 to the turbo expander H which will expand the gaseous air and produce power which can be fed into the grid 1 through line 16 or otherwise made available to the power drawing components necessary for mining operations.
- the cold expanded air will then be fed through line 17 to the cold store and regenerator J which will supply cooled air back to the air liquefier C through line 20 but also to the compressors and ventilators for feeding into the ventilation shaft of the mine by way of line 19 to line 6. Additional ambient air may be fed through line 18 to the cold store and regenerator J.
- T sufficiently high temperature fluid
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2898845A CA2898845A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2013-10-24 | Improved air handling and cooling in a mine |
AU2013338268A AU2013338268A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2013-10-24 | Improved air handling and cooling in a mine |
ZA2015/03413A ZA201503413B (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2015-05-15 | Improved air handling and cooling in a mine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261721127P | 2012-11-01 | 2012-11-01 | |
US61/721,127 | 2012-11-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014070568A1 true WO2014070568A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
Family
ID=50627960
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/066546 WO2014070568A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2013-10-24 | Improved air handling and cooling in a mine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2013338268A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2898845A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014070568A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201503413B (en) |
Cited By (4)
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CN104574209A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 国家电网公司 | Modeling method of urban electrical network distribution transform weight overload mid-term forewarning model |
CN108194117A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 山东东山新驿煤矿有限公司 | A kind of mine waste heat recovery constant temperature heating system |
CN110208025A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of wet switching performance test device of polymorphic type mine air-lack exchanger heat |
US11955782B1 (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2024-04-09 | Typhon Technology Solutions (U.S.), Llc | System and method for fracturing of underground formations using electric grid power |
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- 2013-10-24 CA CA2898845A patent/CA2898845A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-24 AU AU2013338268A patent/AU2013338268A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-24 WO PCT/US2013/066546 patent/WO2014070568A1/en active Application Filing
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2015
- 2015-05-15 ZA ZA2015/03413A patent/ZA201503413B/en unknown
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US5749472A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1998-05-12 | A.U. Mines, Inc. | Dynamic mining system comprising hydrated multiple recovery sites and related methods |
US20070101762A1 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-10 | Schaub Herbert R | Method for designing a cryogenic air separation plant |
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CN104574209A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 国家电网公司 | Modeling method of urban electrical network distribution transform weight overload mid-term forewarning model |
CN108194117A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 山东东山新驿煤矿有限公司 | A kind of mine waste heat recovery constant temperature heating system |
CN110208025A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of wet switching performance test device of polymorphic type mine air-lack exchanger heat |
US11955782B1 (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2024-04-09 | Typhon Technology Solutions (U.S.), Llc | System and method for fracturing of underground formations using electric grid power |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2898845A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
AU2013338268A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
ZA201503413B (en) | 2020-01-29 |
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