WO2014065787A1 - Systèmes et dispositifs d'isolation de pression de conduite - Google Patents

Systèmes et dispositifs d'isolation de pression de conduite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014065787A1
WO2014065787A1 PCT/US2012/061496 US2012061496W WO2014065787A1 WO 2014065787 A1 WO2014065787 A1 WO 2014065787A1 US 2012061496 W US2012061496 W US 2012061496W WO 2014065787 A1 WO2014065787 A1 WO 2014065787A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elongated member
pressure isolation
opening
chamber
isolation device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/061496
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pat F. FETIZANAN
Original Assignee
Fluor Technologies Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fluor Technologies Corporation filed Critical Fluor Technologies Corporation
Priority to PCT/US2012/061496 priority Critical patent/WO2014065787A1/fr
Publication of WO2014065787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014065787A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • F16L55/1022—Fluid cut-off devices automatically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K21/00—Fluid-delivery valves, e.g. self-closing valves
    • F16K21/04—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation
    • F16K21/06—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation in which the closing movement, either retarded or not, starts immediately after opening
    • F16K21/10—Self-closing valves, i.e. closing automatically after operation in which the closing movement, either retarded or not, starts immediately after opening with hydraulic brake cylinder acting on the closure member

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is valves, more specifically, devices and systems for isolating pressure build-up in pipelines.
  • Pipelines for transporting oil, natural gas, water, and other important resources are used globally and are an important part of commerce and infrastructure.
  • Such pipeline systems generally rely on pumps and/or compressors to move fluid through the pipeline. If a blockage occurs downstream from a compressor, pressure will build-up in the pipeline and can lead to cracking, breakages, leaks, and environmental damage.
  • PSV pressure safety valves
  • PSV devices are configured to automatically open up at a predetermined pressure threshold, thus relieving (e.g., bleeding) pipeline pressure into the surrounding environment.
  • PSV devices are considerably economical to manufacture and install, however, the cost of environmental damage and lost product (e.g., oil, water, natural gas, etc) is significant. Flares can be used to reduce damage to the environment.
  • HIPPS high integrity pressure protection systems
  • a typical HIPPS includes sensors for monitoring pipeline pressures and a control system for automatically shutting off the source of the overpressure (e.g. , shutting off the compressor or closing a valve) when pipeline pressure passes a threshold value.
  • HIPPS have several drawbacks.
  • the sensors and control system add significant costs to the pipeline.
  • sensors and control system components can degrade over time and are susceptible to weather damage.
  • the inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods in which pipeline segments can be isolated from one another using pressure isolation devices (e.g. , shutoff valves) to prevent pressure build-up throughout the entire pipeline.
  • the pressure isolation device is configured to automatically switch to a shutoff state as a function of pipeline pressure, without the need for human input and without the need for electrical or hydraulic systems.
  • a pressure isolation device in one aspect of some embodiments, includes a housing having an internal chamber.
  • the internal chamber has a first opening (i.e., a first inlet), a second opening (i.e. , a second inlet), and a third opening (i.e., a first outlet).
  • the device also includes an elongated member disposed within the internal chamber.
  • the elongated member is movable (e.g., slidable) between a first position (e.g. , an open position) and a second position (e.g. , a closed position or a shutoff position).
  • the elongated member is biased towards the first position (e.g., via a spring, pressured chamber, or some other suitable biasing member).
  • the elongated member comprises a first piston, a first catch, and a through hole disposed on the first piston.
  • the first position e.g., the open position
  • the internal chamber's second opening is fluidly coupled to the third opening via the piston's through hole whereas the first opening is fluidly decoupled from the third opening.
  • the fluid coupling of the second opening and the third opening allows a fluid to flow from one pipe segment to another pipe segment.
  • the first opening In the open position the first opening is fluidly coupled with the internal chamber of the housing such that an increase in pressure in the internal chamber will eventually overcome the elongated member's bias for the open position, and push the elongated member into the second position (e.g., the shutoff position).
  • the second opening is fiuidly decoupled from the third opening whereas the first opening remains fiuidly coupled with the internal chamber.
  • the housing of the pressure isolation device has three adjacent internal chambers.
  • the first chamber is coupled with the second chamber via a first chamber opening and the second chamber is coupled with the third chamber via a second chamber opening.
  • the first chamber has a first inlet, a second inlet, and a first outlet.
  • the elongated member includes a catch (e.g., a large diameter section) disposed in the second chamber and a piston disposed in the first chamber.
  • the elongated member is movable between a first position (e.g., open position) and a second position (e.g. , a closed position or a shutoff position) and is biased towards the first position.
  • a through hole on the piston fiuidly couples the second inlet with the first outlet.
  • the remaining body of the piston fluidly decouples the first inlet with the first outlet.
  • the piston fluidly decouples the second inlet and the first outlet, and at least part of the catch mates with the second chamber opening.
  • Figure la is a schematic of a pipeline system with a pressure isolation device.
  • Figure lb is a schematic of the pipeline system of Figure 1A with a blockage.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Figure 3a is a cross sectional view of the pressure isolation device of Fig. 2.
  • Figure 3b is a cross sectional view of the housing of the pressure isolation device of Fig. 2.
  • Figure 3 c is a perspective view of the elongated member of the pressure isolation device of Fig. 2.
  • Figure 3d is a close-up of Figure 3a.
  • Figure 3e is a close up of the elongated member in Figure 3d.
  • Figure 3f is a close-up of the pressure isolation device of Figure 3a, showing the elongated member in a transitional state.
  • Figure 3g is a side view of the elongated member section shown in Fig. 3e.
  • Figure 4a is a cross sectional view of the pressure isolation device of Fig. 2 in an open position.
  • Figure 4b is a cross sectional view of the pressure isolation device of Fig. 2 in a closed position.
  • Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an elongated member for a pressure isolation device.
  • Figures 7a and 7b are perspective and cross sectional views, respectively, of an elongated member and a housing for another embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Figures 8a and 8b are perspective and cross sectional views, respectively, of an elongated member and a housing for another embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of an elongated member.
  • Figure 10 is a cross sectional view of a spring-less pressure isolation device.
  • Figure 11 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of a spring-less pressure isolation device. Detailed Description
  • inventive subject matter provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pipeline system 100 for transporting a fluid.
  • System 100 comprises a first pipe segment 101, a pump 102, a second pipe segment 103, a pressure isolation device 104, and a third pipe segment 105.
  • Pump 102 creates a pressure difference that pulls the fluid from pipe segment 101 into pump 102 and pushes the fluid into pipe segment 103.
  • the fluid flows through pressure isolation device 104 and into pipe segment 105.
  • Figure lb shows pipeline system 100 when a blockage 106 occurs downstream of pressure isolation device 104.
  • Blockage 106 prevents fluid from flowing further down stream into pipe segment 107 and causes a pressure buildup between blockage 106 and pump 102.
  • pressure isolation device 104 changes from an open position to a closed position (e.g., shutoff position). In the closed position, pressure isolation device 104 prevents fluid from flowing into pipe segment 105 and isolates downstream segments and components from the pressure buildup.
  • FIG. 2 shows pressure isolation device 104 apart from system 100.
  • Pressure isolation device 104 comprises a housing 110 having vents 111.
  • Housing 110 also has a first flanged pipe segment 112 (i.e., a main inlet) and a second flanged pipe segment 113 (i.e., a main outlet) that couple with pipe segments 103 and 105, respectively.
  • the flanges of segments 112 and 113 are screwed to flanges on segments 103 and 105 (not shown) to provide a secure and fluid connection.
  • Couplings for pipe segments are well known and the inventive subject matter is not limited to any particular coupling.
  • device 104 could couple with pipe segments 103 and 105 using threaded engagements, male-female engagements, snap fittings, clamps, adhesives, welds, or any other coupling suitable for providing a secure and fluid connection under the required
  • Figure 3a shows a cross sectional view of pressure isolation device 104. Disposed within housing 110 of device 104 is an elongated member 120 and a spring 118. Elongated member 120 is slidably disposed within housing 110 and is biased downwards in a first position (i.e., an open position) by spring 118.
  • FIG. 3b shows housing 110 with elongated member 120 and spring 118 removed.
  • Housing 110 has a first internal chamber 131, a second internal chamber 133, and a third internal chamber 135. Chambers 131 and 133 are separated by an opening 132 and chambers 133 and 135 are separated by an opening 134.
  • First chamber 131 has a first opening 141, second opening 142, and a third opening 143. Openings 141 and 142 operate as first and second inlets, respectively. Opening 143 operates as a first outlet.
  • Housing 110 can be made of any material suitable for withstanding the conditions of the pipeline application (e.g., temperature, pressure, corrosivity, etc.). Examples of contemplated materials include, but are not limited to, metal alloys, polymers, composites, and ceramics.
  • FIG. 3c shows elongated member 120 apart from pressure isolation device 104.
  • Elongated member 120 has a piston 121 at one of its ends. Piston 121 has a through hole 122.
  • Elongated member 120 also has a catch 123 and a catch 124.
  • Catch 123 has two frustoconical plugs (i.e., trapezoidal cross sections) on each side for engaging openings 132 and 134. Openings 132 and 134 are tapered such that they engage the plugs of catch 123 to provide a substantial seal (i.e., openings 132 and 134 have trapezoidal cross sections that are concentric with cross sectional portions of the plugs on catch 123).
  • openings 132 and 134 have trapezoidal cross sections that are concentric with cross sectional portions of the plugs on catch 123).
  • substantially seal and “fluidly decoupling” mean fluid flow is greatly inhibited, although not necessarily completely eliminated, under a given set of conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature viscosity, fluid flow type, etc.).
  • concentric means to have a common center or common shape.
  • Piston 121 is appropriately sized and dimensioned in relation to internal chamber 131 such that, when elongated member 120 is in the open position, fluid flows from pipe segment
  • Internal chamber 133 has a sealing surface 133a that mates with the circumferential surface of catch 123 in such a manner that a fluid seal is maintained while elongated member 120 slides between open and closed positions.
  • Slidable sealing surfaces are known and could comprise any material and configuration suitable for providing a sliding seal under the particular conditions of pipeline system 100.
  • Metals, polymers, fiber-reinforced composites, ceramics, and elastomers are examples of materials that may be used to provide a sliding sealing surface.
  • Contemplated fluids include, but are not limited to: water, crude oil, natural gas (liquid or vapor), and absorbent slurries for treating flue gas.
  • Figure 4a shows pressure isolation device 104 in a first position, referred to as the open position.
  • through hole 122 on piston 121 of elongated member 120 is aligned with opening 142 and 143, allowing a fluid to flow from pipe segment 112 to
  • Elongated member 120 is sized and dimensioned such that opening 141 is decoupled from opening 143 when elongated member 120 is in the open position.
  • Spring 1 18 engages catch 124, pushing elongated member downward until the end of piston 121 contacts the interior bottom surface of internal chamber 131.
  • the lower plug of catch 123 contacts opening 132 to provide a seal that fluidly decouples internal chamber 131 from internal chamber 133.
  • Catch 123 and opening 132 have complementary (i.e., concentric) frustoconical surfaces to provide a gradual sealing engagement as elongated member 120 is forced downward by spring 1 18.
  • FIG. 3d shows a close-up view of elongated member 120 being acted upon by pipeline pressure Pi.
  • the effective area (A) is a portion of the lower frustoconical plug of catch 123 that is exposed to Pi, which can be approximated as a planar two-dimensional surface follows:
  • Di and D 2 are the diameters of two cross sections of elongated member 120 as shown in Figure 3e and 3g. More specifically, D 2 is the cross sectional diameter of elongated member 120 at the first point where the lower frustoconical plug of catch 123 is exposed to Pi.
  • the effective area can also be calculated by taking into account the three dimensional geometry of elongated member 120.
  • elongated member 120 that have different geometries, will likewise have different equations for calculating the effective area (and thus the force provided by Pi).
  • spring 1 18 can provide a variable force rather than a constant force, in order to match the variation in upward force (e.g., the variation in effective area). For example, since the effective area increases and thus the upward force increases as elongated member 120 moves upward, spring 1 18 could be configured to provide a downward force that increases at a variable rate as spring 1 18 is compressed. In
  • a variable downward pressure can be provided by (i) including a constituent in the pressurized gas that changes phases (e.g., gas-to-liquid) during
  • FIG. 4b shows pressure isolation device 104 in the shutoff position. In this position, through hole 122 is no longer aligned with openings 142 and 143 and fluid flow path 149 is now blocked. However, opening 141 remains fluidly coupled with internal chamber 131 and the pressure of internal chamber 131 is equal to the upstream pipeline pressure. Catch 123 is in contact with opening 134, preventing elongated member 120 from sliding any further upwards. The contact also provides a seal that fluidly decouples internal chamber 133 from internal chamber 135 and contains fluid within the pipeline (i.e., there are substantially no emissions from device 104). [0057] Housing 110 also has a vent 111. Vent 111 maintains the pressure within inner chamber 135 equal to atmospheric pressure.
  • vent 111 prevents pressure from building up in inner chamber 135 by letting fluid flow out of pressure isolation device 104. Vent 111 helps to prevent inner chamber 135 from structural damage that can be caused by over-pressurization.
  • pressure isolation device 104 isolates downstream pipe segment 105 from being exposed to pressures above the predetermined threshold.
  • Pipeline components upstream of device 104 e.g., pump 102, pipe segment 103 are configured to withstand the maximum pressure output of pump 102.
  • pipe segment 112 is made of a higher strength material and has a greater thickness than pipe segment 113, since pipe segment 112 is exposed to higher pressures than pipe segment 113.
  • normal pipeline operating pressure is 2400 psig and the pump is a centrifugal compressor with a maximum pressure output of 3000 psig (i.e., deadhead pressure).
  • the pressure isolation device is configured to switch from the open position to the closed position at about 2400 psig (e.g., the spring constant, spring length, weight/shape of the elongated member, design of the housing, and other relevant parameters are all specifically selected to provide a threshold pressure of about 2400 psig).
  • pipeline segments and components located downstream of the pressure isolation device are designed to withstand up to about 2500 psig whereas upstream components are designed to withstand up to about 3100 pressure.
  • Figure 5 shows a pressure isolation device 504.
  • Device 504 is similar to device 104 except that device 504 lacks a first flanged pipe segment 112 and a second flanged pipe segment 113. Instead, device 504 is coupled with a pipeline system via a welding between an outer surface of housing 510 and an opening in a pipe segment of a pipeline system (not shown).
  • Device 504 also differs from device 104 in that device 504 has a pipe segmented vent 511. Vent 511 can be used to connect another pipe segment for the purposes of receiving pipeline fluid in the event that the seal between elongated member 520 and housing 510 fails.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment for an elongated member.
  • Elongated member 620 is similar to elongated member 120 except that elongated member 620 has a tapered piston 621.
  • Tapered piston 621 is shaped to engage a tapered internal chamber (not shown) of a housing for a pressure isolation device.
  • Figures 7a and 7b show another alternative embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Figure 7a shows an elongated member 720, which has a catch 723.
  • catch 723 is disc shaped and does not have frustoconical sides (i.e., plugs). Openings 732 and 734 of housing 710 are straight rather than tapered. The flat sides of openings 732 and 734 engage the flat sides of catch 723 to provide a fluid seal.
  • Figures 8a and 8b show yet another embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Figure 8a shows an elongated member 820 having a spherical catch 823.
  • Internal chamber 833 of housing 810 has an elongated spherical shape that allows catch 823 to sealably slide within chamber 833.
  • Catch 823 has a sliding and sealing surface 827 that assists in maintaining a fluid seal between catch 823 and internal chamber 833 while elongated member 820 is in motion.
  • the upper and lower spherical surfaces of catch 823 are concentric with openings 834 and 832, respectively, and mate together to provide a fluid seal when elongated member 820 is in the closed and open positions.
  • Figure 9 shows an elongated member 920, which has a piston portion 921, a first catch portion 923, and a second catch portion 924. These three portions have local maximum diameters and are separated from one another by small diameter portions 922 and 925. Since the change in diameter of elongated member 920 is gradual, the exact start and end point of piston 921, catch 923, and catch 924 is difficult to determine. Nonetheless, each portion of elongated member 920 has sufficient structural features to perform their required function. For example, catch 924 is large enough to engage a spring to provide elongated member 920 with a force such that it is biased in an open position within a housing of a pressure isolation device (not shown).
  • FIG. 10 shows a spring-less embodiment of a pressure isolation device.
  • Pressure isolation device 1004 has an elongated member 1020 that has a weighted portion 1025.
  • Device 1004 is attached to a pipeline system (not shown) and oriented in a field of gravity such that the weight and shape of elongated member 1020 (i.e., force and area) provides sufficient pressure to define the threshold pressure of the pipeline system.
  • the weight of elongated member 1020 is overcome and elongated member 1020 is pushed upward until weighted portion 1025 contacts the top of internal chamber 1035.
  • the specific distance traveled by elongated member 1020 between the open and closed position is determined by the difference in lengths of elongated member 1020 and the internal chambers of housing 1010.
  • Internal chamber 1035 preferably has a sliding sealing surface 1035a that is at least as long as the distance traveled by elongated member 1020.
  • the distanced traveled by elongated member 1020 is at least as long as the diameter of the fluid path flow (in this case, the diameter of opening 1042 and through hole 1022).
  • housing 1010 has only two internal chambers (i.e., internal chamber 1031 and internal chamber 1035).
  • FIG. 11 shows another spring-less pressure isolation device.
  • Pressure isolation device 1104 has a housing 11 10 and an elongated member 1120.
  • Housing 1110 has only one internal chamber, namely, internal chamber 1131.
  • Elongated member 1120 has a first piston 1121 and a second piston 1123.
  • First piston 1121 functions in a manner similar to piston 121 of pressure isolation device 104 (see Figures 4a and 4b).
  • Second piston 1123 differs from catch 123 and 723 in that piston 1123 does not sealably engage an internal chamber opening. Instead, piston 1123 slides freely from open to closed positions.
  • At least a portion of the surfaces of internal chamber 1131 includes a sealing surface 1131a that slidably and sealably engages second piston 1123.
  • Second piston 1123 divides internal chamber 1131 into two fluidly decoupled sub-chambers; a top sub-chamber and a sub-bottom chamber.
  • the top sub-chamber has been pressurized with a gas such as air.
  • the pressure of the top sub-chamber (TCP) in combination with the weight and shape of elongated member 1120 defines the predetermined threshold pressure.
  • TCP top sub-chamber
  • elongated member 1120 is forced upward a specific distance until pipeline flow through pressure isolation device 1104 is blocked.
  • the distance traveled by elongated member 1120 is defined by the difference in the length of elongated member 1120 and internal chamber 1131.
  • contemplated pressure isolation devices provide an automatic shutoff valve for isolating downstream pipe segments and components. The downstream segments and components are thus protected from damage that can result from over-pressurization.
  • contemplated pressure isolation devices are simple, economical, and principally rely on mechanical principles.
  • contemplated pressure isolation devices contain the fluid within the pipeline system (i.e., no emissions), thus eliminating environmental harm and fluid waste.
  • contemplated devices require little maintenance and testing.
  • inventive pressure isolation devices are a dependable solution and do not require power, instrument air, or an actuator.
  • these devices can be used as a backflow preventer in gas feed manifolds.
  • pipeline systems can include multiple pressure isolation devices with different threshold pressures to protect pipeline components with different ratings and specifications.
  • Coupled to is intended to include both direct coupling (in which two elements that are coupled to each other contact each other) and indirect coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements). Therefore, the terms “coupled to” and “coupled with” are used synonymously.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'isolation de pression destiné à un système de conduites. Le dispositif d'isolation de pression selon l'invention passe d'une position ouverte à une position fermée lorsque la pression d'un fluide s'écoulant à travers le dispositif dépasse une pression de seuil prédéterminée. Dans certains modes de réalisation, la pression de seuil prédéterminée est définie, en partie, à l'aide d'un ressort. Le dispositif d'isolation de pression fournit une solution mécanique simple en vue de protéger les éléments de conduite contre une surpression.
PCT/US2012/061496 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 Systèmes et dispositifs d'isolation de pression de conduite WO2014065787A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/061496 WO2014065787A1 (fr) 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 Systèmes et dispositifs d'isolation de pression de conduite

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/061496 WO2014065787A1 (fr) 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 Systèmes et dispositifs d'isolation de pression de conduite

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2534834A (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-08-10 Enermech Ltd Subsea valve, flow system and method of use

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6328072B1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2001-12-11 Gaz De France-(Gdf) Service National Universal safety device and process for protecting a pipeline
US20040084088A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Callies Robert E. Pressure regulator and shut-off valve
KR20100032709A (ko) * 2008-09-18 2010-03-26 화성방재(주) 자동정압밸브
US20100181519A1 (en) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-22 Renzhong Li Automatic switch valve
JP2012086723A (ja) * 2010-10-21 2012-05-10 Saginomiya Seisakusho Inc 三方弁および該三方弁を用いた車両用空調装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6328072B1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2001-12-11 Gaz De France-(Gdf) Service National Universal safety device and process for protecting a pipeline
US20040084088A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Callies Robert E. Pressure regulator and shut-off valve
KR20100032709A (ko) * 2008-09-18 2010-03-26 화성방재(주) 자동정압밸브
US20100181519A1 (en) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-22 Renzhong Li Automatic switch valve
JP2012086723A (ja) * 2010-10-21 2012-05-10 Saginomiya Seisakusho Inc 三方弁および該三方弁を用いた車両用空調装置

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2534834A (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-08-10 Enermech Ltd Subsea valve, flow system and method of use
GB2534834B (en) * 2014-10-30 2018-02-28 Enermech Ltd Subsea valve, flow system and method of use

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