WO2014065764A2 - Process of formation of casing by additive manner in boreholes and device for its performing - Google Patents
Process of formation of casing by additive manner in boreholes and device for its performing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014065764A2 WO2014065764A2 PCT/SK2013/050008 SK2013050008W WO2014065764A2 WO 2014065764 A2 WO2014065764 A2 WO 2014065764A2 SK 2013050008 W SK2013050008 W SK 2013050008W WO 2014065764 A2 WO2014065764 A2 WO 2014065764A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- formation
- cooling
- rock
- hot
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 117
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011364 vaporized material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009385 rock melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/001—Cooling arrangements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process of formation of a casing by additive manner, especially in contactless thermal drilling of boreholes in geological formations and a system for its performing.
- the high-quality casing is essential condition for technological use of the borehole during its excavation as well as its durability.
- thermal, especially plasma, technologies in formation of a casing is the closest issue to the present invention.
- These solutions can be divided into two categories.
- the first includes solutions based on the so-called penetrators i.e. devices, a tip of which heated to the temperature above the melting point of the rock is depressed into the rock, in which it forms a melting vitrified layer and removes the excess material.
- the second category includes solutions based on plasma thermal flux /torch/, which melts the rock at the bottom and on the walls of the borehole at its exit from the bottom of the borehole.
- the patent US6851488 by Batarseh Samih describes the formation of a casing by heat radiation flux of laser radiation, which forms a rock melt. It uses compressed air to hold the melt on the wall the entire borehole is filled with air as well.
- the present invention eliminates the deficiencies of the above mentioned patents in forming of a casing and in the field of efficiency, material and temporal parameters and in particular functionality of casing being formed such as forming of pipe in the casing, sandwich and composite structure of the casing and thereby it surpasses them.
- the mentioned deficiencies are to the great extent eliminated by the process of formation of the casing by additive manner especially in thermal drilling of boreholes in geological formations and devices for its performing according to the present invention.
- the nature of the present invention consists in that the casing is formed by layering material from vaporized rocks by condensation and solidification on borehole walls.
- the material of the vaporized rock and thermal energy inserted into it are used so that by a heat treatment a mixture of vaporized rock vapours passes through phase transformations, namely to a liquid phase and a partially solid phase, and mechanical treatments and transport of the rock material from a source of generation of hot gas mixtures, namely mixtures of vaporized rock vapours and vaporized coolant vapours to an area of formation of the casing by directing and application of the treated rock material in the area of the casing formation to the borehole wall or to the underlying layers of the casing being formed.
- the layered casing is formed by cooling the rock material, wherein the casing layers formation is continuous.
- the object of the present invention is formation of the casing by additive process from melted and vaporized rock material applied in the layers to the borehole walls, by which the casing of required characteristics such as tensile strength, compressive strength, compliance, permeability, porosity, thermal insulation properties and others.
- Rocks material meltdown and vaporization occur especially in thermal drilling of boreholes, where from them and from coolant transported to the place of drilling are generated the hot gas mixtures consisting of vaporized rock vapours and coolant, where cooling gases are formed by its vaporization, wherein by taking over the carrying function, also carrier gases are subsequently used for formation of the casing by additive manner in the process of formation of the casing according to the present invention.
- the heat treatment is a cooling, in which the generated hot gas mixtures are cooled by coolant.
- a phase transition of a rock vapours occurs by their cooling and by condensation liquid particles of rock and by solidification solid particles of rock are formed in the flowing mixture of rock material and cooling gases.
- the generated hot gas mixtures of vaporized rock vapours and cooling gases are divided by mechanical treatment into at least two main streams. At least one stream is a stream of cold materials and at least one stream is a stream of hot materials.
- At least one stream of hot materials and at least one stream of cold materials are formed by heat treatments which is a multistage cooling of rock materials by controlled heat transformation, wherein at least two main streams are cooled to different temperature so that the stream of cold rock materials is cooled to the temperature at which gas rock material is transformed into the solid phase and solidifying rock particles are formed, which solidify before their application as the casing layer, and the stream of hot rock materials is cooled above the temperature of the rock melting, which allows them to be mixed with cold materials and thus to form the continuous casing layer, in which layers during the heat exchange between particles occur temperature decrease of entire layer, phase transformation and thus formation of continuous casing layer. Temperature of particles in the stream of cold materials and in the stream of hot materials is different before application of the casing layer.
- Waste gases which are excess parts of cooling gases, are led away to the waste from main streams of materials by further mechanical treatments, namely by separation, and thus the streams of solidifying rock particles formed by cooling the mixtures of hot rock vapours and cooling gases, which are at the same time the carrier gases, are concentrated.
- Discharge of waste cooling gases is necessary also because the coolant is continuously added as cooling and as protective and separating layer between all contact areas of the device and the mixture of hot flowing gases. Since during the process of drilling and also for the process of the casing formation it is constantly necessary to supply coolant, it is also constantly necessary to separate excess parts of cooling gases from main streams of materials and to discharge them into the waste. The concentration of mixtures of main streams, which already contain solidifying parts formed by cooling the hot rock vapours mixtures in the stream of cooling gases, is accomplished by discharge of the excess parts of cooling gases.
- Cooling gases are formed by vaporization of supplied coolant and cooling gases also take over the carrying function, since they simultaneously carry rock particles, which solidify in the system, and therefore they are also carrier gases. Removed heat and temperature decrease of the resulting mixture is performed by phase transformation of the coolant, mixing the parts of the mixture and expansion of the mixtures of vaporized rock and cooling gases.
- the streams of the mixtures of rock material and cooling gases are divided into smaller streams by mechanical treatment, namely by division into n number of channels, for the purpose of their additional treatment.
- the step of separation of the excess parts of cooling gases is followed by further mechanical treatment, namely increasing the speed of cold and hot rock particles before mixing them, which is performed to accelerate and direct them.
- the coolant also provides thermal protection to the device so, that the coolant is continuously added as a cooling and also protective and separating layer between all contact areas of the device and the mixture of hot flowing gases.
- Mixing of cold particles and hot particles occurs by connecting the stream of cold materials with the stream of hot materials, and the mixture of rocks material is formed, which is at first applied to the borehole wall and subsequently additional layers are applied on the underlying layers of the moulded casing.
- the formed casing layer solidifies especially during further heat treatment, which is self- cooling, wherein internal heat transfer occurs in the applied layer, namely by heat exchange between applied hot and cold particles of the rock material in the casing layer.
- a moulding device In the area of casing formation, a moulding device is embedded, by sliding of which an aperture is formed in the solidifying casing, which forms pipe channels in the layered casing along the borehole.
- a medium supply such as a coolant pipeline, an electricity conductor, a signal conductor and others, is conveyed to the slid moulding device.
- Mixing of cold and hot rock particles is performed by action of opposing centrifugal forces, which empty into a common area in a channel of formation of casing layers leading into the area of application of casing layers.
- Cooling of the formed casing must be controlled, wherein the formed casing layers are tempered and cooled.
- Hot waste gases alternatively cooled by addition of cooling gases, are preferably used for controlled cooling of the casing.
- Cooling and condensation of discharged waste rock material provide cooling of cooling gases and excess rock material to the temperature in the range of 100-250 °C.
- an aperture is formed, which shapes the pipe channel in the layered casing along the borehole, where a medium supply, in particular a coolant pipeline, an electricity conductor, a signal conductor and others, is conveyed to the slid moulding device.
- a medium supply in particular a coolant pipeline, an electricity conductor, a signal conductor and others.
- Connected medium supplies which are led by the formed aperture from the surface of the borehole, are also slid by sliding of the moulding device.
- Addition of particular additives is preferably performed before mechanical treatment of increasing the speed of cold and hot parts, and especially before mixing them in the process of acceleration of particles, namely by addition of additives to various sub-groups of n number of channels and thus materials are formed, which after application form one or more coaxial structures with the same or different characteristics, and thereby a sandwich and composite structure is formed in the casing.
- the resulting casing consists of several layers, wherein some of the layers may contain also additives and properties are adjusted not only reciprocally among individual casing layers, but also along the axis of the formed casing, with regard to the added additive, thereby they form sandwich and composite aggregations and thus adjust properties of the entire casing.
- a device for performing the process of formation of the casing by additive manner, especially in thermal drilling of the boreholes in geological formations according to present invention comprises the following technological parts:
- a hot rock vapours mixture formation and cooling gases block is a high-temperature energy flow, which produces the vaporized rock forming hot rock vapours mixed with cooling gases entering into the casing formation.
- the mechanical treatments block includes:
- the heat treatments block includes:
- the hot gases mixture cooling system is a group of channels, in which the hot mixture is cooled by the coolant in order to change the phase by cooling. By cooling, both liquid and solid particles of rock are formed in the flowing mixture.
- the group of channels of the cooling system is also designed for protection of walls of active and exposed parts of the device.
- the directing and application block includes a casing layers formation channel.
- This channel is a mixing slot, where solid and liquid particles of the flowing mixture are applied on the wall by kinetic energy and then they are deposited as the casing layers. After application, the hot particles in the layer are cooled autonomously, without the need for external cooling, with heat interchange between the hot and cold deposited fractions.
- the casing layers formation channel is designed for discharge of cooling gases and excess particles of rock into the waste as well.
- the mechanical division and separation block consists of a system of branching channels and separators separating volumes of the mixture of rock materials and cooling gases into the other blocks, as necessary.
- Additional functions mechanisms may be controlled dispensers for adding the additive and these dispensers may be:
- dispensers of reinforcing concrete elements for improving the mechanical properties and/or c. dispensers of foaming additives for improving and treatment of thermal-insulation and mechanical properties of the casing walls.
- Device comprises also a system of channels for additives dosage control into sub-groups of n number of channels in particles division and acceleration module, where it generates several treated streams of materials.
- These streams of materials form coaxial sandwich and composite structures of the casing not only along the layers which are layered in the casing, but also in radial direction relative to the axis of the borehole.
- the separation and concentration of the mixtures of rock particles and gases block is a group of separators, by which division, separation and discharge of the cooling gases is performed in the guide channels, where the cooling gases are separated and the mixtures of rock particles and gases are concentrated to the desired concentrations.
- the particles acceleration blocks are accelerating centrifugal devices increasing the kinetic energy of particles.
- the system for mixing the particles of hot and cold streams from directing and accelerating part is a flow mixer of flowing cold and hot materials into the casing formation channel, wherein the particles are in the step of directing and acceleration directed and applied in the casing layer in the casing formation channel.
- Device also preferably comprises a block of sliding forms of pipelines in the casing, which is a system of forming members, which are designed for formation of the pipe channel in the layered part of the casing along the borehole.
- the output streams separator is a separator at the outlet of the casing formation channel, which separates excess materials discharged out of the casing formation channel and parts of the hot gases for tempering the casing by controlled cooling.
- the controlled casing cooling block is a tempering and cooling system at an interface of the casing and the device.
- the device also comprises a waste outlet, by which the collecting and cooling device discharges all excess rocks and cooling gases materials, which are cooled to the temperature below the temperature of the device resistance.
- the system for mixing the particles consists of two systems of centrifugal channels, which are orientated against each other, wherein they may together form an obtuse angle, and they lead into the common area in the casing layers formation channel.
- the hot mixture formation block may preferably have an annular shape of cross-section similar to the casing being formed; thereby it allows performing standard mechanical drilling or core drilling in the central area of the annular casing formation.
- the used technology uses the disintegrated rock material itself and the energy inputted in them in eroding to form the casing. Due to the casing formed according to this invention, the borehole is stabilized and protected against invasive action of materials from geological action of surroundings. By formation of the composite and laminated casing, the mechanical properties of the borehole are structurally improved. The casing of the walls is corrosion resistant and from this point of view it has longer lifetime. The logistical procedures of conventional technology are eliminated, thus reducing time demands and financial burdens of the deep boreholes formation.
- Fig. no. 1 shows a technological scheme of casing formation.
- Fig. no. 2 shows a scheme of the mechanisms of casing formation by additive method.
- Fig. no. 3 shows a cross section of the borehole as the base for forming annular casing and pipes for distribution of media and supply of energy.
- Fig. no. 4 shows a flow of cold and hot materials and their mixing in the casing layers formation channel.
- Fig. no. 5 shows conical pipe formation
- Fig. no. 6 shows a layered formation of the casing by different functional parts in the radial direction.
- the formation of the casing from the disintegrated rock according to this invention is given by the sequence of treatment processes and coating of the rock vapour materials in the casing layers, by their autonomous cooling, when the casing is formed on the walls of the borehole.
- This occurs in the for casing formation which provides the formation of the casing especially in the thermal drilling of the boreholes in geological formations according to the invention, in which one preferred embodiment is described in the following steps.
- the hot mixture of the vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolants vapours which in certain phase of the technological process become carrier gases, with the temperature higher than the boiling point of each of the rocks fractions, enters the input part of the device for casing formation by an additive manner, i.e. the hot mixture formation block1.
- this mixture of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours is divided into two main streams. These two main streams are cooled to different temperatures in the selective and controlled cooling block 3. One stream is cooled so that the main and essential part of the flow is condensed and subsequently solidified particles.
- This stream containing 60-90 weight %relative to the weight of the vaporized material flow of the entering mixture of vaporized rock vapours and vaporized coolant vapours, is a stream of cold material. From the stream of cold material, the excess mixtures of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours are discharged into the waste channel of the waste part of the device 12 in an amount of 50-70 weight % relative to the weight of flow of vaporized material, which does not participate in the formation of the casing i3 51 prior to its further treatment.
- the flowing mixture consists of technological fractions, i.e. of the rock material in a gas and/or liquid and/or solid phase, and of refrigerants.
- Excess cooling gases which fulfil also the function of the carrier gases, are separated in the separation block 5 and discharged into the waste channel 12.
- the concentrated stream of gases and solidifying particles of rock continues to the area, where additives of reinforcing elements and/or foaming reagent in the line of cold materials are added or the hot concentrated mixture is cooled in order to form expansion joints by controlled cooling in the lines of cold materials and hot materials. Injection of additives is provided by mechanisms 4 of additional functions.
- streams of mixtures are divided into three groups of channels, and in the first group are 6 pairs of channels, in the second group are 6 pairs of channels, and in the third group are 12 pairs of channels. These groups of channels are arranged so that they cover the whole surface of the casing width.
- the pairs of channels refer to two channels directed against each other. One channel is for cold material and the other channel is for hot material.
- various additives are added, and thereby different mixtures of materials are formed and these flow in the appropriate groups of channels.
- the material is treated so that the additives of reinforcement elements are added.
- the material modified in this way is further divided into 6 pairs of channels.
- the material is not modified by adding additives.
- the material modified in this way is further divided into 6 pairs of channels.
- the material is modified so that the foaming additives are added.
- the material modified in this way is further divided into 12 pairs of channels. Streams of mixtures of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours are then accelerated to increase their kinetic energy. Increasing the speed of the particles is performed for the purpose of acceleration and direction, especially in the direction of the normal to the layers of the casing by inputting the kinetic energy into the cold particles and hot particles in the accelerating sections before entering the moulding channel 9 of the casing formation.
- Outlets of the channels of cold materials and hot materials of the streams are situated alternately in the mixing particles system 7, wherein the mixing of hot and cold material occurs by the outflow from each of these channels, wherein solid and liquid fractions are applied perpendicularly to the wall of the casing (Fig. 3).
- Different properties of materials flowing from different groups of channels allow to apply mixtures with different concentrations of cold particles, hot particles and additives, and thereby the applied layer (Fig. 6) forms the sandwich and composite arrangement with advantageous properties of the casing not only by modification of the properties of the applied layers over time, but also by applying different materials from the groups of channels in the direction of the axis of the applied casing.
- Particles flowing against each other are mixed by the effect of the centrifugal forces and applied to the wall or subsequently to the underlying casing layer 13, wherein they solidify by self-cooling during heat transfer in the applied layer between deposited hot, liquid and cold particles of the intermingled streams of cold materials and hot materials in the casing layer 14. Cooling gases and residues of non-applied rock particles are lead away along the casing being formed into the wasted part 12 of the device.
- the casing is temperated by controlled cooling of the waste mixtures using the hot vapours, which allows inside tensions in the formed casing to relax and to temper the casing by the separated vapours and gases of the discharged and excess material in the separator 10 of output streams, which are not involved in the formation of the casing and is lead away into the waste part of the device.
- the pipelines are formed by the moulding tool.
- the aperture (Fig. 5) is being formed in the solidified casing in the direction of the casing formation, which forms the pipe channel along the borehole.
- a medium such as water, conductor of electricity, signal cables and others.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The nature of the invention lies in the gradual treatment of rocks vapours in a mixture of carrier and cooling gases and their gradual applying in layers which are forming a casing on walls of a borehole. It describes the adjustments and by additive method applied materials by their autonomous self-cooling without the need for external coolant by heat exchange between materials in layers, where it forms the casing on the walls of the borehole. It describes functional parts and their interconnection: arrangement of cooling parts, separators, accelerating and mixing elements, mechanisms for their adjustments which allow forming the casing on the walls of the borehole with the possibility to influence the resulting characteristics of the casing according to demands and functional requirements in the place of the borehole.
Description
Process of Formation of Casing by Additive Manner in Boreholes and Device for its Performing
Technical field
The invention relates to a process of formation of a casing by additive manner, especially in contactless thermal drilling of boreholes in geological formations and a system for its performing.
Background Art
For strength and resistance of borehole walls, the high-quality casing is essential condition for technological use of the borehole during its excavation as well as its durability.
The issue of parallel formation of the casing and drilling process has proceeded through several stages of development. Experiments have been made to solve the issue of narrowing the borehole profile as well as the casing (tapering) by solutions of expansion of the embedded casing profiles and also by methods of passive insertion of casing during the drilling. Among the first conceptions of casing drilling was the patent US 3661218. The patent protects a method of casing drilling, but maintains the deficiencies of rotating drill string of conventional mechanical drilling columns, namely decrescent cross-section. Solutions which can be considered useful and were designed and put into practical use are the principles of drilling with the casing. Analysis of this technology is described in detail in R. Tessari Atall: "Drilling with casing promises major benefits" in Oil & GasJournalVol 97, No. 20 1999 and the article of authors Okeke et al. "Current Trends and Future Development in Casing Drilling". In patent literature the casing drilling, as an example among others, is the object of a patent of company Tesco US6705413. The company Halliburton has had patent for drilling with a casing for directional drilling in the patent US6877570. Both mentioned patents have the main common deficiency that the rotating casing may be threatened by collapse of unstable rock from outside and thus by the complete discontinuation of the drilling process. The second common deficiency is that the rotating casing is uncementable during the whole drilling process or it is cementable in parts and the narrowing casing must also be used for the next section.
Utilization of thermal, especially plasma, technologies in formation of a casing is the closest issue to the present invention. These solutions can be divided into two categories. The first
includes solutions based on the so-called penetrators i.e. devices, a tip of which heated to the temperature above the melting point of the rock is depressed into the rock, in which it forms a melting vitrified layer and removes the excess material. The second category includes solutions based on plasma thermal flux /torch/, which melts the rock at the bottom and on the walls of the borehole at its exit from the bottom of the borehole.
The example of the first group of solutions is the patent US3693731 "Method and apparatus for tunnelling by melting" by D. Armstrong E. et al., which describes a conical penetrator, which depresses the melt into the pores of the surrounding rock and thus it forms a partially vitrified casing. A large amount of energy is required to achieve acceptable efficiency of the process and speed of penetration.
The line of direct action of heat flux of plasma flow to rock completes the solution of the patent US 8235140 by Wideman T.W. et al. using the mode of so-called spallation, which is energetically preferable. It forms a disturbed layer which may be impregnated and thus it can form a temporary casing. However, the casing formed in this way shows insufficient strength. The patent US 6591920 by Foppe W. uses a molten metal supplied from the surface and heated to a temperature high above the melting point as drilling thermal medium. It depresses the melt into cracks in the rock and thereby forms a casing. But the whole process is considerably technologically difficult. The patent US6851488 by Batarseh Samih describes the formation of a casing by heat radiation flux of laser radiation, which forms a rock melt. It uses compressed air to hold the melt on the wall the entire borehole is filled with air as well. The present invention eliminates the deficiencies of the above mentioned patents in forming of a casing and in the field of efficiency, material and temporal parameters and in particular functionality of casing being formed such as forming of pipe in the casing, sandwich and composite structure of the casing and thereby it surpasses them.
Disclosure of Invention
The mentioned deficiencies are to the great extent eliminated by the process of formation of the casing by additive manner especially in thermal drilling of boreholes in geological formations and devices for its performing according to the present invention. The nature of the present invention consists in that the casing is formed by layering material from vaporized rocks by condensation and solidification on borehole walls. In formation of the casing, the material of the vaporized rock and thermal energy inserted into it are used so that by a heat treatment a mixture of vaporized rock vapours passes through phase transformations, namely
to a liquid phase and a partially solid phase, and mechanical treatments and transport of the rock material from a source of generation of hot gas mixtures, namely mixtures of vaporized rock vapours and vaporized coolant vapours to an area of formation of the casing by directing and application of the treated rock material in the area of the casing formation to the borehole wall or to the underlying layers of the casing being formed. The layered casing is formed by cooling the rock material, wherein the casing layers formation is continuous.
In thermal drilling, the main advantage over conventional drilling technologies is the possibility to form the casing directly from disintegrated material. The object of the present invention is formation of the casing by additive process from melted and vaporized rock material applied in the layers to the borehole walls, by which the casing of required characteristics such as tensile strength, compressive strength, compliance, permeability, porosity, thermal insulation properties and others.
Rocks material meltdown and vaporization occur especially in thermal drilling of boreholes, where from them and from coolant transported to the place of drilling are generated the hot gas mixtures consisting of vaporized rock vapours and coolant, where cooling gases are formed by its vaporization, wherein by taking over the carrying function, also carrier gases are subsequently used for formation of the casing by additive manner in the process of formation of the casing according to the present invention.
The heat treatment is a cooling, in which the generated hot gas mixtures are cooled by coolant. A phase transition of a rock vapours occurs by their cooling and by condensation liquid particles of rock and by solidification solid particles of rock are formed in the flowing mixture of rock material and cooling gases.
The generated hot gas mixtures of vaporized rock vapours and cooling gases are divided by mechanical treatment into at least two main streams. At least one stream is a stream of cold materials and at least one stream is a stream of hot materials.
Since not the entire material from melted and vaporized rocks is necessary for formation of the casing, it is necessary to separate the excess part of this material together with the cooling gases from the part, which will be used for formation of the casing. Therefore at least from one of these main streams other sidestreams are further continually diverging, by which excess mixtures of rock materials and cooling gases are led away to the waste. The part of the rock material from which the casing will be formed remains in the streams of cold and hot materials.
At least one stream of hot materials and at least one stream of cold materials are formed by heat treatments which is a multistage cooling of rock materials by controlled heat
transformation, wherein at least two main streams are cooled to different temperature so that the stream of cold rock materials is cooled to the temperature at which gas rock material is transformed into the solid phase and solidifying rock particles are formed, which solidify before their application as the casing layer, and the stream of hot rock materials is cooled above the temperature of the rock melting, which allows them to be mixed with cold materials and thus to form the continuous casing layer, in which layers during the heat exchange between particles occur temperature decrease of entire layer, phase transformation and thus formation of continuous casing layer. Temperature of particles in the stream of cold materials and in the stream of hot materials is different before application of the casing layer.
Waste gases, which are excess parts of cooling gases, are led away to the waste from main streams of materials by further mechanical treatments, namely by separation, and thus the streams of solidifying rock particles formed by cooling the mixtures of hot rock vapours and cooling gases, which are at the same time the carrier gases, are concentrated.
Discharge of waste cooling gases is necessary also because the coolant is continuously added as cooling and as protective and separating layer between all contact areas of the device and the mixture of hot flowing gases. Since during the process of drilling and also for the process of the casing formation it is constantly necessary to supply coolant, it is also constantly necessary to separate excess parts of cooling gases from main streams of materials and to discharge them into the waste. The concentration of mixtures of main streams, which already contain solidifying parts formed by cooling the hot rock vapours mixtures in the stream of cooling gases, is accomplished by discharge of the excess parts of cooling gases.
Cooling gases are formed by vaporization of supplied coolant and cooling gases also take over the carrying function, since they simultaneously carry rock particles, which solidify in the system, and therefore they are also carrier gases. Removed heat and temperature decrease of the resulting mixture is performed by phase transformation of the coolant, mixing the parts of the mixture and expansion of the mixtures of vaporized rock and cooling gases.
After dividing and separating the mixtures of excess rocks material and cooling gases, the streams of the mixtures of rock material and cooling gases are divided into smaller streams by mechanical treatment, namely by division into n number of channels, for the purpose of their additional treatment.
The step of separation of the excess parts of cooling gases is followed by further mechanical treatment, namely increasing the speed of cold and hot rock particles before mixing them, which is performed to accelerate and direct them.
The coolant also provides thermal protection to the device so, that the coolant is continuously added as a cooling and also protective and separating layer between all contact areas of the device and the mixture of hot flowing gases.
Mixing of cold particles and hot particles occurs by connecting the stream of cold materials with the stream of hot materials, and the mixture of rocks material is formed, which is at first applied to the borehole wall and subsequently additional layers are applied on the underlying layers of the moulded casing.
The formed casing layer solidifies especially during further heat treatment, which is self- cooling, wherein internal heat transfer occurs in the applied layer, namely by heat exchange between applied hot and cold particles of the rock material in the casing layer.
In the area of casing formation, a moulding device is embedded, by sliding of which an aperture is formed in the solidifying casing, which forms pipe channels in the layered casing along the borehole. A medium supply such as a coolant pipeline, an electricity conductor, a signal conductor and others, is conveyed to the slid moulding device.
Mixing of cold and hot rock particles is performed by action of opposing centrifugal forces, which empty into a common area in a channel of formation of casing layers leading into the area of application of casing layers.
Cooling of the formed casing must be controlled, wherein the formed casing layers are tempered and cooled. Hot waste gases, alternatively cooled by addition of cooling gases, are preferably used for controlled cooling of the casing.
Cooling and condensation of discharged waste rock material provide cooling of cooling gases and excess rock material to the temperature in the range of 100-250 °C.
By sliding of one or several moulding devices in the solidifying casing, an aperture is formed, which shapes the pipe channel in the layered casing along the borehole, where a medium supply, in particular a coolant pipeline, an electricity conductor, a signal conductor and others, is conveyed to the slid moulding device. Connected medium supplies, which are led by the formed aperture from the surface of the borehole, are also slid by sliding of the moulding device.
In order to improve the properties of the casing, it is advantageous to add specialized additives to the flowing mixture, which comprise:
a. an increased supply of coolant for control the cooling of the mixture of rock vapours and cooling gases in order to form expansion joints in the casing using controlled cooling of applied material; and/or
b. reinforcement elements in order to improve the mechanical properties of the casing; and/or
c. a foaming additive in order to adjust thermal-insulating and mechanical properties of the walls of the casing.
Addition of particular additives is preferably performed before mechanical treatment of increasing the speed of cold and hot parts, and especially before mixing them in the process of acceleration of particles, namely by addition of additives to various sub-groups of n number of channels and thus materials are formed, which after application form one or more coaxial structures with the same or different characteristics, and thereby a sandwich and composite structure is formed in the casing.
The resulting casing consists of several layers, wherein some of the layers may contain also additives and properties are adjusted not only reciprocally among individual casing layers, but also along the axis of the formed casing, with regard to the added additive, thereby they form sandwich and composite aggregations and thus adjust properties of the entire casing.
A device for performing the process of formation of the casing by additive manner, especially in thermal drilling of the boreholes in geological formations according to present invention comprises the following technological parts:
- a hot rock vapours mixture formation block;
- mechanical treatments modules;
- heat treatments modules;
- transport modules;
- directing and application modules.
A hot rock vapours mixture formation and cooling gases block is a high-temperature energy flow, which produces the vaporized rock forming hot rock vapours mixed with cooling gases entering into the casing formation.
The mechanical treatments block includes:
- a mechanical division and separation block;
- a separation and concentration block;
- particles division and acceleration blocks;
- a system for mixing the particles;
- an output streams separator.
The heat treatments block includes:
- a cooling system;
- a controlled cooling block.
The hot gases mixture cooling system is a group of channels, in which the hot mixture is cooled by the coolant in order to change the phase by cooling. By cooling, both liquid and
solid particles of rock are formed in the flowing mixture. The group of channels of the cooling system is also designed for protection of walls of active and exposed parts of the device.
The directing and application block includes a casing layers formation channel. This channel is a mixing slot, where solid and liquid particles of the flowing mixture are applied on the wall by kinetic energy and then they are deposited as the casing layers. After application, the hot particles in the layer are cooled autonomously, without the need for external cooling, with heat interchange between the hot and cold deposited fractions. And the casing layers formation channel is designed for discharge of cooling gases and excess particles of rock into the waste as well.
The mechanical division and separation block consists of a system of branching channels and separators separating volumes of the mixture of rock materials and cooling gases into the other blocks, as necessary.
Additional functions mechanisms may be controlled dispensers for adding the additive and these dispensers may be:
a. a dispenser of coolant for cooling the hot and cold material for separation/disruption of the formed casing by the expansion joint, and/or
b. dispensers of reinforcing concrete elements for improving the mechanical properties, and/or c. dispensers of foaming additives for improving and treatment of thermal-insulation and mechanical properties of the casing walls.
Device comprises also a system of channels for additives dosage control into sub-groups of n number of channels in particles division and acceleration module, where it generates several treated streams of materials. These streams of materials form coaxial sandwich and composite structures of the casing not only along the layers which are layered in the casing, but also in radial direction relative to the axis of the borehole.
The separation and concentration of the mixtures of rock particles and gases block is a group of separators, by which division, separation and discharge of the cooling gases is performed in the guide channels, where the cooling gases are separated and the mixtures of rock particles and gases are concentrated to the desired concentrations.
The particles acceleration blocks are accelerating centrifugal devices increasing the kinetic energy of particles.
The system for mixing the particles of hot and cold streams from directing and accelerating part is a flow mixer of flowing cold and hot materials into the casing formation channel, wherein the particles are in the step of directing and acceleration directed and applied in the casing layer in the casing formation channel.
Device also preferably comprises a block of sliding forms of pipelines in the casing, which is a system of forming members, which are designed for formation of the pipe channel in the layered part of the casing along the borehole.
The output streams separator is a separator at the outlet of the casing formation channel, which separates excess materials discharged out of the casing formation channel and parts of the hot gases for tempering the casing by controlled cooling.
The controlled casing cooling block is a tempering and cooling system at an interface of the casing and the device.
The device also comprises a waste outlet, by which the collecting and cooling device discharges all excess rocks and cooling gases materials, which are cooled to the temperature below the temperature of the device resistance.
The system for mixing the particles consists of two systems of centrifugal channels, which are orientated against each other, wherein they may together form an obtuse angle, and they lead into the common area in the casing layers formation channel.
The hot mixture formation block may preferably have an annular shape of cross-section similar to the casing being formed; thereby it allows performing standard mechanical drilling or core drilling in the central area of the annular casing formation.
The present invention has the following advantages when compared to the prior art:
The used technology uses the disintegrated rock material itself and the energy inputted in them in eroding to form the casing. Due to the casing formed according to this invention, the borehole is stabilized and protected against invasive action of materials from geological action of surroundings. By formation of the composite and laminated casing, the mechanical properties of the borehole are structurally improved. The casing of the walls is corrosion resistant and from this point of view it has longer lifetime. The logistical procedures of conventional technology are eliminated, thus reducing time demands and financial burdens of the deep boreholes formation.
Description of drawings
Fig. no. 1 shows a technological scheme of casing formation.
Fig. no. 2 shows a scheme of the mechanisms of casing formation by additive method.
Fig. no. 3 shows a cross section of the borehole as the base for forming annular casing and pipes for distribution of media and supply of energy.
Fig. no. 4 shows a flow of cold and hot materials and their mixing in the casing layers formation channel.
Fig. no. 5 shows conical pipe formation.
Fig. no. 6 shows a layered formation of the casing by different functional parts in the radial direction.
Example of the Embodiment
The formation of the casing from the disintegrated rock according to this invention is given by the sequence of treatment processes and coating of the rock vapour materials in the casing layers, by their autonomous cooling, when the casing is formed on the walls of the borehole. This occurs in the for casing formation, which provides the formation of the casing especially in the thermal drilling of the boreholes in geological formations according to the invention, in which one preferred embodiment is described in the following steps.
The hot mixture of the vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolants vapours, which in certain phase of the technological process become carrier gases, with the temperature higher than the boiling point of each of the rocks fractions, enters the input part of the device for casing formation by an additive manner, i.e. the hot mixture formation block1. In the block 2 of the mechanical distribution, this mixture of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours is divided into two main streams. These two main streams are cooled to different temperatures in the selective and controlled cooling block 3. One stream is cooled so that the main and essential part of the flow is condensed and subsequently solidified particles. This stream, containing 60-90 weight %relative to the weight of the vaporized material flow of the entering mixture of vaporized rock vapours and vaporized coolant vapours, is a stream of cold material. From the stream of cold material, the excess mixtures of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours are discharged into the waste channel of the waste part of the device 12 in an amount of 50-70 weight % relative to the weight of flow of vaporized material, which does not participate in the formation of the casing i351 prior to its further treatment. In the second flow of the mixture of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours containing 10-40 weight % relative to the weight of flow of vaporized material of the entering, these mixtures are cooled so that the main and essential part of the flow are gaseous and liquid fractions, thereby the nature of the flow of hot material is given.
All parts of the device, which come into contact with streams of flowing gases and high temperature vapours, are necessarily protected from their thermal effects. Protection is carried
out by the surface cooling of functional bodies of the device, namely by continuous addition of the coolant. Except for the mentioned protective function, the coolant also performs a technological function, wherein the controlled cooling of the mixture of gases and vapours is controlled by its amount, namely by blending it in the mixture of gases and vapours; thereby the final mixture reaches the required temperature at which it has the desired functional properties. Heat transfer between coolant being mixed and rock vapours uses the latent heat by phase transition of the coolant and the heat consumed by the expansion of the mixture of the vaporized rock and cooling gases for cooling the final mixture. Addition of the coolant is controlled and realized by the selective and controlled cooling block
By adding further coolant to the mixture of vaporized rocks vapours and vaporized coolant vapours, the total volume of flowing mixtures is increasing and thereby their temperature is decreasing and required fractions for further processing are being formed. The flowing mixture consists of technological fractions, i.e. of the rock material in a gas and/or liquid and/or solid phase, and of refrigerants. Excess cooling gases, which fulfil also the function of the carrier gases, are separated in the separation block 5 and discharged into the waste channel 12. The concentrated stream of gases and solidifying particles of rock continues to the area, where additives of reinforcing elements and/or foaming reagent in the line of cold materials are added or the hot concentrated mixture is cooled in order to form expansion joints by controlled cooling in the lines of cold materials and hot materials. Injection of additives is provided by mechanisms 4 of additional functions.
In both streams, namely in the stream of cold materials and in the stream of hot materials in particles distribution and acceleration block 6 streams of mixtures are divided into three groups of channels, and in the first group are 6 pairs of channels, in the second group are 6 pairs of channels, and in the third group are 12 pairs of channels. These groups of channels are arranged so that they cover the whole surface of the casing width. The pairs of channels refer to two channels directed against each other. One channel is for cold material and the other channel is for hot material. Into the groups of channels, various additives are added, and thereby different mixtures of materials are formed and these flow in the appropriate groups of channels. In the first group, the material is treated so that the additives of reinforcement elements are added. The material modified in this way is further divided into 6 pairs of channels. In the second group, the material is not modified by adding additives. The material modified in this way is further divided into 6 pairs of channels. In the third group, the material is modified so that the foaming additives are added. The material modified in this way is further divided into 12 pairs of channels. Streams of mixtures of vaporized rocks vapours and
vaporized coolant vapours are then accelerated to increase their kinetic energy. Increasing the speed of the particles is performed for the purpose of acceleration and direction, especially in the direction of the normal to the layers of the casing by inputting the kinetic energy into the cold particles and hot particles in the accelerating sections before entering the moulding channel 9 of the casing formation. Outlets of the channels of cold materials and hot materials of the streams are situated alternately in the mixing particles system 7, wherein the mixing of hot and cold material occurs by the outflow from each of these channels, wherein solid and liquid fractions are applied perpendicularly to the wall of the casing (Fig. 3). Different properties of materials flowing from different groups of channels allow to apply mixtures with different concentrations of cold particles, hot particles and additives, and thereby the applied layer (Fig. 6) forms the sandwich and composite arrangement with advantageous properties of the casing not only by modification of the properties of the applied layers over time, but also by applying different materials from the groups of channels in the direction of the axis of the applied casing.
Particles flowing against each other are mixed by the effect of the centrifugal forces and applied to the wall or subsequently to the underlying casing layer 13, wherein they solidify by self-cooling during heat transfer in the applied layer between deposited hot, liquid and cold particles of the intermingled streams of cold materials and hot materials in the casing layer 14. Cooling gases and residues of non-applied rock particles are lead away along the casing being formed into the wasted part 12 of the device. The casing is temperated by controlled cooling of the waste mixtures using the hot vapours, which allows inside tensions in the formed casing to relax and to temper the casing by the separated vapours and gases of the discharged and excess material in the separator 10 of output streams, which are not involved in the formation of the casing and is lead away into the waste part of the device.
In the waste part of the device 12^. all fractions of residual/surplus material are cooled, wherein they are mixed to the final temperature of the carrier hot and cooling gases and residual rock material, most preferably in the range of 100-250°C, less preferably in the range of 200-450°C.
In the formed peripheral casing layer (Fig. 4), the pipelines are formed by the moulding tool. By sliding the moulding tool in one such a pipeline, the aperture (Fig. 5) is being formed in the solidified casing in the direction of the casing formation, which forms the pipe channel along the borehole. To the body of the shifted moulding tool 16 of the piping formation block 8j the supply 15 of a medium, such as water, conductor of electricity, signal cables and others, is connected.
The sequence of preparation and formation of the casing is shown schematically in the Figure 1.
List of Reference Signs:
1. A hot mixture formation block
2. A mechanical division block
3. A selective and controlled cooling block
4. Additional functions mechanisms
5. A separation block
6. Distribution and acceleration of particles blocks
7. A system for mixing particles
8. A pipeline forming block
9. A casing formation channel
10. An output streams separator
11. A casing controlled cooling block
12. A waste part of a device
13. A layered casing
14. An applied layer of a casing
15. Media supplies
16. A moulding tool
17. A borehole drilled by conventional or other technology
18. A rock
Claims
1. A process of formation of a casing in boreholes by additive manner, in particular in thermal drilling in geological formations characterized in that a material of a vaporized rock and thermal energy inserted into it are used so that by a heat treatment a mixture of vaporized rock vapours passes through phase transformations, namely to a liquid phase and a partially solid phase, and mechanical treatments and transport of the rock material from a source of generation of hot gas mixtures, namely mixtures of vaporized rock vapours and vaporized coolant vapours to an area of formation of the casing by directing and application of the treated rock material to the borehole wall or to the underlying layers of the casing being formed, in the area of the casing formation, and by cooling the rock material, the layered casing is formed, wherein the casing layers formation is continuous.
2. The process of formation of the casing according to claim 1 characterized in that the heat treatment is a cooling, in which the generated hot gas mixtures are cooled by coolant, by their cooling a phase transition occurs and by condensation liquid particles of rock and by solidification solid particles of rock are formed in flowing mixture of rock material and cooling gases.
3. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the generated hot gas mixtures are divided by mechanical treatment into at least two main streams, at least one stream is a stream of cold materials and at least one stream is a stream of hot materials, and at least from one of these streams other sidestreams are further diverging, by which excess mixtures of rock materials and cooling gases are led away to the waste, wherein a part of the rock material from which the casing will be formed remains in the stream of cold and hot materials.
4. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that at least one stream of hot materials and at least one stream of cold materials are formed by heat treatments which is a multistage cooling of rock materials by controlled heat transformation, wherein at least two main streams are cooled to different temperature so that the stream of cold rock materials is cooled to
the temperature at which gas rock material is transformed into the solid phase and solidifying rock particles are formed, which solidify before their application as the casing layer, and a stream of hot rock materials is cooled to the temperature which is above the temperature of melting and which allows them to be mixed with cold materials, thereby the formed mixture is cooled to the temperature below the solidification point and thus it forms a firm continuous casing layer.
5. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that, waste gases, which are excess parts of cooling gases, are led away to the waste from main streams of materials by further mechanical treatments, namely by separation, and thus the streams of solidifying rock particles formed by cooling the mixtures of hot rock vapours and cooling gases, which are at the same time the carrier gases, are concentrated.
6. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that one of the heat treatment method is a cooling by expansion of mixtures of vaporized rock and cooling gases.
7. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that after dividing and separating the excess mixtures and cooling gases, the streams of the mixtures of rock material and cooling gases are divided by mechanical treatment into smaller streams for the purpose of their different treatment, and each of these smaller streams is further divided into other smaller streams.
8. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the step of separation of the excess parts of cooling gases is followed by further mechanical treatment, namely increasing of speed of cold and hot rock particles before mixing them, which is performed to accelerate and direct them.
9. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the coolant also provides thermal protection to the device so, that the coolant is continuously added as a cooling and also protective and separating layer between all contact areas of the device and the mixture of hot flowing gases.
10. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that by further mechanical treatment, namely by mixing of cold rock particles and hot rock particles, a mixture of rock material is formed, which is applied to the borehole wall, wherein it forms the first casing layer, and then on the underlying layers of the moulded casing.
11. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 10 characterized in that the formed casing layer solidifies during further heat treatment, which is self-cooling, wherein internal heat transfer occurs in the applied layer, namely by heat exchange between applied hot and cold particles of the rock material in the casing layer.
12. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 1 1 characterized in that in the area of casing formation a moulding device is embedded, by sliding of which an aperture is formed in the solidifying casing, which forms pipe channels in the layered casing along the borehole, where a medium supply such as a coolant pipeline, an electricity conductor, a signal conductor and others, is conveyed to the slid moulding device.
13. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 12 characterized in that mixing of cold and hot rock particles is performed by action of opposing centrifugal streams of mixtures, which empty into a common area in a channel of formation of casing layers leading into the area of application of casing layers.
14. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 13 characterized in that cooling of the casing is controlled by further heat treatment , in which hot waste gases are used, which are controlled by mixing with the coolant so that they temper and/or cool the formed casing.
15. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 14 characterized in that cooling and condensation of discharged waste rock material provide cooling of cooling gases and excess rock material to the temperature in the range of 100-250 °C.
16. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 12 to 15 characterized in that by sliding the moulding device, also connected media supplies are slid to the formed apertures, in particular of media such as coolant pipelines, conductors of electricity, signal conductors, and others, which are led by a generated aperture at the surface of the borehole.
17. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 16 characterized in that specialized additives are added to the flowing mixture of rock material and cooling gases, which comprise:
a. an increased supply of coolant for control the cooling of the mixture of rock vapours and cooling gases in order to form expansion joints in the casing using controlled cooling of applied material; and/or
b. reinforcement elements in order to improve the mechanical properties of the casing; and/or
c. a foaming additive in order to adjust thermal-insulating and mechanical properties of the walls of the casing.
18. The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 17 characterized in that addition of particular additives is performed before mechanical treatment of increasing the speed of cold and hot parts, and especially before mixing them in the process of acceleration of particles.
The process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that by different treatment of streams by addition of additives into the groups of channels, different materials are formed, which are further divided and after application they form one or more coaxial structures with the same or different characteristics, and thereby a sandwich and composite structure is formed in the casing.
A device for performing the process of formation of the casing by additive manner, especially in thermal drilling of boreholes in geological formations according to any of claims 1 to 19 characterized in that it comprises the following technological parts: • a hot rock vapours mixture formation module;
mechanical treatments modules;
heat treatments modules;
transport modules;
directing and application modules.
The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to claim 19 characterized in that the hot rock vapours mixture formation module is a hot rock vapours and cooling gases mixture formation block (1), which is a high-temperature energy flow generator, which produces the vaporized rock, forming hot rock vapours mixed with cooling gases entering into the casing formation.
The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 21 characterized in that the mechanical treatments modules include:
• a mechanical division and separation block (2);
• a separation and concentration block (5);
• particles division and acceleration blocks (6);
• a system (7) for mixing the particles;
• an output streams separator (10).
The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 22 characterized in that the heat treatment module includes:
• a cooling system (3);
• a controlled cooling block (11).
The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 23 characterized in that the hot gases mixture cooling system (3) is a group of channels, in which the hot mixture is cooled by the coolant in order to change the phase by cooling, wherein by cooling both liquid and solid particles of rock are formed in the flowing mixture.
The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 24 characterized in that the directing and application modules include a casing layers formation channel (9), which is a mixing slot, where solid and liquid
particles of the flowing mixture are applied on the wall by kinetic energy and then they are deposited in the casing layers and after application the hot particles in the layer are cooled autonomously, without the need for external cooling, with heat interchange between the hot and cold deposited layers, wherein the casing layers formation channel (9) is also designed for discharge of cooling gases and excess particles of rock into the waste.
26. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 25 characterized in that the mechanical division and separation block (2) consists of a system of branching channels and separators separating volumes of the mixture of rock materials and cooling gases, as necessary, into the following blocks.
27. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 26 characterized in that the cooling system (3) is a group of channels designed also for protection of walls of active and exposed parts of the device.
28. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 27 characterized in that it further contains additional functions mechanisms (4), by which dispensers for adding the additives are controlled and these dispensers may be at least:
• a dispenser of coolant for cooling the hot and cold material for separation/disruption of the formed casing by the expansion joint and/or
• dispensers of reinforcing elements for improving the mechanical properties and/or
• dispensers of foaming additives for improving and treatment of thermal- insulation and mechanical properties of the casing walls.
29. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 28 characterized in that it further comprises groups of channels for additives dosage control in particles division and acceleration module (6), where it generates differently treated streams of materials, which form coaxial sandwich and composite structures of the casing, not only along the layers which are layered in the casing, but also in radial direction relative to the axis of the borehole.
30. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 29 characterized in that the separation and concentration of the mixtures of rock particles and gases block (5) is a group of separators, by which division, separation and discharge of the cooling gases is performed in the channels, where the cooling gases are separated and the mixtures of rock particles and gases are concentrated to the desired concentrations.
31. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 30 characterized in that the particles acceleration blocks (6) are accelerating centrifugal devices increasing the kinetic energy of particles.
32. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 31 characterized in that the system (7) for mixing the particles of hot and cold streams from directing and accelerating part is a streams mixer of flowing hot and cold materials into the casing formation channel (9), wherein the particles are in the step of directing and acceleration directed and applied in the casing layer in the casing formation channel (9).
33. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 32 characterized in that it further comprises a block (8) of sliding forms of pipelines in the casing, which is a system of forming members, which are designed for formation of the pipe channel in the layered part of the casing along the borehole.
34. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 33 characterized in that the output streams separator (10) is a separator at the outlet of the casing formation channel (9), which separates excess materials discharged out of the casing formation channel (9) and parts of the hot gases for tempering the casing by controlled cooling.
35. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 34 characterized in that the casing controlled cooling block (11) is a tempering and cooling system at a interface of the casing and the device.
36. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 35 characterized in that it further comprises a waste outlet (12) , by which the collecting and cooling device discharges all excess rocks and cooling gases materials, which are cooled to the temperature below the temperature of the device resistance.
37. The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 36 characterized in that the system (7) for mixing the particles consists of two systems of centrifugal channels, which are orientated against each other and lead into the common area in the casing layers formation channel (9).
The device for performing the process of formation of the casing according to any of claims 20 to 37 characterized in that the hot mixture formation block (1) has an annular shape of cross-section similar to the casing being formed and thereby it allows to perform standard mechanical drilling (17) or core drilling in the central area of the annular casing formation.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13812204.9A EP2920401B1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-22 | Process of formation of casing by additive manner in boreholes and device for its performing |
US14/693,713 US20150233206A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2015-04-22 | Casing, process of formation of casing in boreholes by additive method and device for its formation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SK50048-2012A SK500482012A3 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2012-10-24 | Process of mould creating additive manner in boreholes and device for it |
SKPP50048-2012 | 2012-10-24 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/693,713 Continuation-In-Part US20150233206A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2015-04-22 | Casing, process of formation of casing in boreholes by additive method and device for its formation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014065764A2 true WO2014065764A2 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
WO2014065764A3 WO2014065764A3 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
Family
ID=49880913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SK2013/050008 WO2014065764A2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-22 | Process of formation of casing by additive manner in boreholes and device for its performing |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150233206A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2920401B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK500482012A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014065764A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108364559A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-03 | 吉林大学 | A kind of rock thermal energy drilling experimental provision |
US20230407707A1 (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Wellbore drilling and completion systems using laser head |
US11913303B2 (en) | 2022-06-21 | 2024-02-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Wellbore drilling and completion systems using laser head |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3907044A (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1975-09-23 | United Research & Dev Company | Geopenetrator system |
US5735355A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-04-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Rock melting tool with annealer section |
US6851488B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2005-02-08 | Gas Technology Institute | Laser liner creation apparatus and method |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4090572A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-05-23 | Nygaard-Welch-Rushing Partnership | Method and apparatus for laser treatment of geological formations |
SK50872007A3 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-07 | Ivan Kočiš | Device for excavation boreholes in geological formation and method of energy and material transport in this boreholes |
-
2012
- 2012-10-24 SK SK50048-2012A patent/SK500482012A3/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-10-22 WO PCT/SK2013/050008 patent/WO2014065764A2/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-22 EP EP13812204.9A patent/EP2920401B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2015
- 2015-04-22 US US14/693,713 patent/US20150233206A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3907044A (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1975-09-23 | United Research & Dev Company | Geopenetrator system |
US5735355A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-04-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Rock melting tool with annealer section |
US6851488B2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2005-02-08 | Gas Technology Institute | Laser liner creation apparatus and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014065764A3 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
SK500482012A3 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
US20150233206A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
EP2920401A2 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2920401B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2920401B1 (en) | Process of formation of casing by additive manner in boreholes and device for its performing | |
SA520420840B1 (en) | Method, system and apparatus for extracting heat energy from geothermal briny fluid | |
US11401776B2 (en) | Downhole operations relating to open hole gravel packs and tools for use therein | |
US8082996B2 (en) | Equipment for excavation of deep boreholes in geological formation and the manner of energy and material transport in the boreholes | |
US20110220409A1 (en) | Method and device for fusion drilling | |
US9574713B2 (en) | Vaporization chambers and associated methods | |
CN103687924A (en) | Intermetallic metallic composite, method of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same | |
CN1342242A (en) | Metal molten drilling method | |
CA2612598A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for use in recycling composite materials | |
CN103803793B (en) | Method for preparing inorganic fibers by using direct blowing of blast furnace molten slag | |
CN100516455C (en) | Method and device for drilling four tube liquid pad selective thermal melting producing potassium salt mine | |
CN104271867A (en) | Method and apparatus for introducing or sinking cavities in rock | |
CN106285502A (en) | A kind of composite coating heat insulating and corrosion oil pipe | |
CN106424620A (en) | Preparation device and preparation method of metal-metal ceramic layered composite material | |
CN106837285A (en) | A kind of high temp jet strengthens liquid nitrogen vaporization fracturing process and device | |
US4505322A (en) | Method of storing heat and heat store for carrying out the method | |
Tang et al. | Rock‐breaking mechanism and efficiency of straight‐swirling mixed nozzle for the nondiagenetic natural gas hydrate in deep‐sea shallow | |
CN101427004A (en) | Sulfur barrier for use with in situ processes for treating formations | |
CN105017027B (en) | Material layering process for reduced o-phenylenediamine | |
US20160230500A1 (en) | Method and device for the formation of borehole casing by application of material layers by means of kinetic sputtering | |
CN102877811A (en) | Selective water plugging ball for profile control of water injection well and preparation method and application of selective water plugging ball | |
CN112502628B (en) | Drilling device and drilling method | |
CN103388455B (en) | A kind of high-temperature resistant drill bit | |
CN203394358U (en) | High-temperature resistant drill | |
CN203779993U (en) | System special for manufacturing main-secondary pipe integrated body |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2013812204 Country of ref document: EP |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13812204 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |