WO2014063876A1 - Circuit arrangement and method for pre-charging a capacitive component - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement and method for pre-charging a capacitive component Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014063876A1
WO2014063876A1 PCT/EP2013/069673 EP2013069673W WO2014063876A1 WO 2014063876 A1 WO2014063876 A1 WO 2014063876A1 EP 2013069673 W EP2013069673 W EP 2013069673W WO 2014063876 A1 WO2014063876 A1 WO 2014063876A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current path
circuit arrangement
voltage source
main current
capacitive component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/069673
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chrysanthos Tzivanopoulos
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh, Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2014063876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014063876A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement having a two-voltage source having an electrical energy storage device, in particular a battery pack, a first and a second main current path, one of which is connected to one of the terminals of the voltage source and of which at least the first main current path means a switching device arranged therein can be interrupted, a capacitive component, which is connected via the main current paths electrically connected to the voltage source and a parallel to the switching device in the first main current path connected Vorladestrompfad.
  • the invention further relates to a drive system for a vehicle having such a circuit arrangement and to a method for precharging a capacitive component.
  • the failure can even lead to safety-relevant problems:
  • batteries are used as electrical energy stores in order to protect the wind energy plant in the event of strong wind. blade adjustment to protect against improper operating conditions. If there is a failure, the wind turbine can possibly get into such an inadmissible operating state.
  • the voltage source is connected to its energy storage device in the intermediate circuit (DC voltage intermediate circuit) of an inverter system or an inverter system. This DC link is provided for the constant holding of the DC voltage and for suppressing voltage peaks with a capacitive component, the DC link capacitor.
  • the capacitive component must be preloaded.
  • the battery or the battery pack is connected in the intermediate circuit parallel to the capacitive component.
  • contactors In order to separate the battery or the battery pack in a corresponding vehicle from the vehicle electrical system, typically designed as a circuit breaker switching devices, usually contactors, are provided, which are arranged in each one of the main current paths. When the two contactors are switched on, however, a considerable current would flow into the capacitive component forming the intermediate circuit capacitor. Therefore, a precharging current path connected in parallel to the contactor in the first main current path is provided with a so-called precharge contactor and a protective resistor.
  • the pre-charging contactor and the main contactor mounted on the other pole of the voltage source with the electrical energy storage device, ie in the second main current path, are first switched on.
  • the capacitive component acting as a DC link capacitor is first charged with a limited current.
  • the main contactor is switched on.
  • circuit arrangement according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 the drive system according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 8 and the method according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 9 offer the advantage that the charging of the capacitive device can be performed easily, inexpensively and compactly ,
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention has a down-converter circuit which is connected in the pre-charge current path and via which the capacitive component can be electrically connected to the terminals of the voltage source for its precharging.
  • a down-converter circuit is here an electrical circuit to understand, with a down converter (also referred to as a buck regulator) or buck converter (English “step-down converter” or "buck
  • the switching device arranged in the first main current path is opened capacitive device is then connected via the first main current path to the terminal of the voltage source.
  • the circuit arrangement thus has a DC link, more precisely a DC voltage intermediate circuit, in which the main current paths define the corresponding electrical potentials of the DC link and in which the voltage source is connected to the electrical energy storage device.
  • the capacitive component acts as a DC link capacitor.
  • the voltage source can be realized for example by a voltage network (the on-board voltage network of a vehicle, etc.) with the electrical energy storage device.
  • the down converter circuit comprises an inductive component, a switching element and having a current-transmitting device in one direction only, wherein the inductive component on the side of the capacitive component and the switching element on the side of the energy storage device in Vorladestrompfad are connected in series.
  • the only one-way current-transmitting device is a diode or a semiconductor device having corresponding diode characteristics (for example, an actively switched MOSFET).
  • the course of the pre-charging process is controlled and / or regulated by alternately switching on and off the precharging current path by means of the switching element.
  • the switching element is preferably a transistor, in particular a field effect transistor FET, which is switched on and off for precharging the capacitive component, for example by means of a pulse-width-modulated control voltage.
  • the down converter circuit is also connected in the second main current path. It is provided in a further preferred embodiment of the invention that the only in one direction current-permeable component in a node of the Vorladestrompfades between the inductive component is connected to the switching element and in the second main current path between in the capacitive component and the voltage source.
  • a further switching device is arranged in the second main current path, by means of which the second main current path can be interrupted.
  • this circuit arrangement is designed as a converter circuit arrangement and has at least one parallel to the capacitive component connected to the two main current paths converter means. It is provided in particular that the Umrichtereinreichtung is designed as an inverter (inverter), which is connected to a motor and / or regenerative electric machine or at least connectable.
  • the invention further relates to a drive system for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, with a purely motorized or with a motor and regenerative electric drive machine and a circuit arrangement mentioned above.
  • a drive system for a vehicle in particular motor vehicle, with a purely motorized or with a motor and regenerative electric drive machine and a circuit arrangement mentioned above.
  • the capacitive component by means of an electrical energy storage device, in particular a battery pack, having a voltage source and a
  • Down converter circuit is precharged.
  • the voltage source, the down converter circuit and the capacitive component are preferably connected in an aforementioned circuit arrangement.
  • the down-converter circuit has an inductive component, a switching element and a component which is current-permeable only in one direction, and the course of the pre-charging process is controlled and / or regulated by alternately connecting and disconnecting a pre-charging current path by means of the switching element ,
  • the switching element is preferably a transistor which is switched on and off, for example, by means of a pulse-width-modulated control voltage. This is generated by means of a corresponding control and / or regulating device.
  • the charging current during pre-charging is regulated in particular by means of a 2-point current regulation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a converter circuit arrangement of a drive system with a down converter circuit for precharging a capacitive component of the circuit arrangement forming a DC link capacitor
  • FIG. 2 shows the current flow in the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1 in a first step of the precharging process for precharging the capacitive component
  • FIG. 3 shows the current flow in the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1 in a second step of the precharging process for precharging the capacitive component
  • Buck converter circuit center and the voltage waveform on a switching element of the buck converter (below) over the precharge time during pre-charging of the capacitive device.
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of a circuit arrangement 10 designed as a converter circuit arrangement.
  • This circuit arrangement has a DC intermediate circuit 12 with a capacitive component 14 acting as intermediate circuit capacitor (with capacitance C) and an electrical circuit connected in the intermediate circuit 12 and acting as voltage source 16 Energy storage device 18 on.
  • the voltage source 16 is shown reduced to the energy storage device 18.
  • the voltage source 16 can also be formed, for example, by a voltage network with various components.
  • the intermediate circuit 12 has a first main current path 20 and a second main current path 22.
  • Each of these main current paths 20, 22 is connected to an electrical connection 24, 26 of the voltage source 16 or of the electric energy storage device 18 designed as a battery pack. Furthermore, in each of the two main current paths 20, 22 each designed as a contactor switching device 28, 30 is arranged, by means of which the respective main current path 20, 22 can be interrupted or switched.
  • converter 34 To the two main current paths 20, 22 parallel to the capacitive component 14 as an inverter (inverter) 32 formed converter 34 is connected with its DC output (DC).
  • DC DC output
  • a motor and / or regenerative electric machine 36 is connected.
  • the corresponding AC circuit 38 is a three-phase circuit with three current paths between the
  • the circuit arrangement 10 furthermore has a precharging current path 40 connected in parallel with the switching device 28 in the first main current path 20, in which a down converter circuit (buck converter circuit) 42 is connected, via which the capacitive component 14 also charges for its precharging the voltage source 16 or its energy storage device 18 is electrically connected.
  • the down-converter circuit 42 shown in FIG. 1 in this case has an inductive component 44 (with the inductance L), a switching element 46 in the form of a transistor T and a diode D only in one direction current-permeable device 48.
  • the inductive component 44 is on the side of the capacitive component 14 and the switching element 46 is arranged on the side of the voltage source 16 in the pre-charging current path 40.
  • these two elements 44, 46 are connected in Vorladestrompfad 40 in series.
  • the circuit arrangement 10 shown in FIG. 1 is the converter circuit arrangement of a drive system for a motor vehicle, more specifically for a motor vehicle with electric or hybrid drive.
  • the electric machine 36 shown in FIG. 1 is an electric drive machine of this motor vehicle, which can be used purely by motor or motor and generator.
  • the energy storage device 18 is a traction battery (a
  • Tratechnischsakkumulator of the vehicle and the voltage source 16 is the corresponding (high voltage) electrical system of the vehicle.
  • the precharging of the capacitive component 14 takes place when the switching device 28 of the first main current path 20 is open by alternately connecting and disconnecting the precharging current path 40 by means of the switching element 46.
  • FIG. 2 shows the situation with the switching element 46 closed (T on: a precharging current path 40 connected). This results in a current flow along the following circuit 52: energy storage device 18 - connection 26 - second
  • FIG. 3 shows the situation when the switching element 46 is open (T off: precharging current path 40 switched off).
  • FIG. 4 shows the current and voltage curves occurring during the charging process of the capacitive component 14.
  • FIG. 4 shows the voltage curve U_C at the capacitive component 14, in the middle the current characteristic I_L at the inductive component 44 and at the bottom the voltage characteristic U_T at the switching element 46 of the buck converter 40 over time t during pre-charging of the capacitive device 14.
  • a current control method is a 2-point current control.
  • the current is measured by the inductive component 44 and the switching element 46 is turned on until a maximum value is reached. Then, the switching element 46 turns off until a minimum value is reached. The switching element 46 is turned on again and the current increases again until its maximum value is reached. Then, the switching element 46 turns off again, the current value decreases until the minimum value is reached. This cycle is repeated until the desired voltage at the capacitive component 14, ie the DC link capacitor, is reached (see FIG. 4).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (10) with: a voltage source (16) having two terminals (24, 26) and an electrical energy storage device (18), particularly a battery pack; a first and a second main current path (20, 22), each of which is connected to a respective one of the terminals (24, 26) of the voltage source (16) and of which at least the first main current path (20) can be interrupted by means of a switching device (28) arranged therein; a capacitive component (14) that is electrically connected to the voltage source (16) via the main current paths (20, 22); and a pre-charging current path (40) connected in parallel to the switching device (28) in the first main current path (20). The circuit arrangement additionally has a buck converter circuit (42) connected in the pre-charging current path (40), via which buck converter the capacitive component (14) can likewise be electrically connected to the terminals (22, 24) of the voltage source (16) for pre-charging. The invention further relates to a drive system for a vehicle with such a circuit arrangement (10), and to a method for pre-charging a capacitive component (14).

Description

Beschreibung  description
Titel title
Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zum Vorladen eines kapazitiven Bauelements Circuit arrangement and method for precharging a capacitive component
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung mit einer zwei Anschlüsse aufweisenden Spannungsquelle, die eine elektrische Energiespeichereinrichtung, insbesondere ein Batteriepack, aufweist, einem ersten und einem zweiten Hauptstrompfad, von denen je einer an einen der Anschlüsse der Spannungsquelle angeschlossen ist und von denen zumindest der erste Hauptstrompfad mittels einer darin angeordneten Schalteinrichtung unterbrechbar ist, einem kapazitiven Bauelement, das über die Hauptstrom pfade elektrisch an die Spannungsquelle angeschlossen ist und einem parallel zu der Schalteinrichtung im ersten Hauptstrompfad geschalteten Vorladestrompfad. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Antriebssystem für ein Fahrzeug mit einer derartigen Schaltungsanordnung und ein Verfahren zum Vorladen eines kapazitiven Bauelements. The invention relates to a circuit arrangement having a two-voltage source having an electrical energy storage device, in particular a battery pack, a first and a second main current path, one of which is connected to one of the terminals of the voltage source and of which at least the first main current path means a switching device arranged therein can be interrupted, a capacitive component, which is connected via the main current paths electrically connected to the voltage source and a parallel to the switching device in the first main current path connected Vorladestrompfad. The invention further relates to a drive system for a vehicle having such a circuit arrangement and to a method for precharging a capacitive component.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft sowohl bei stationären Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel bei Windenenergieanlagen (WEA), als auch in Fahrzeugen, zum Beispiel in Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeugen, vermehrt neue elektrische Energiespeichereinrichtungen, insbesondere Batterien beziehungsweise Batteriepacks, als Spannungsquellen zum Einsatz kommen werden, an die sehr hohe Anforderungen bezüglich Zuverlässigkeit gestellt werden. Hintergrund für diese hohen Anforderungen ist, dass ein Ausfall eines Energiespeichers der Einrichtung, also zum Beispiel einer Batterie oder einer Batteriezelle des Batteriepacks, zu einem Ausfall des Gesamtsystems führen kann. So führt zum Beispiel bei einem Elekt- rofahrzeug ein Ausfall der Traktionsbatterie zu einem sogenannten It is becoming apparent that in the future both in stationary applications, such as in wind turbines (WEA), and in vehicles, for example in electric and hybrid vehicles, increasingly new electrical energy storage devices, especially batteries or battery packs are used as voltage sources which are subject to very high reliability requirements. The background for these high requirements is that failure of an energy storage of the device, for example a battery or a battery cell of the battery pack, can lead to failure of the entire system. For example, in the case of an electric vehicle, a failure of the traction battery leads to a so-called
„Liegenbleiber". Der Ausfall kann sogar zu sicherheitsrelevanten Problemen führen. So werden bei Windenergieanlagen Batterien als elektrische Energiespeicher eingesetzt, um bei starkem Wind die Windenergieanlage durch eine Rotor- blattverstellung vor unzulässigen Betriebszuständen zu schützen. Kommt es zu einem Ausfall, so kann die Windenergieanlage unter Umständen in einen solchen unzulässigen Betriebszustand geraten. Oftmals ist die Spannungsquelle mit ihrer Energiespeichereinrichtung im Zwischenkreis (Gleichspannungszwischenkreis) eines Wechselrichtersystems oder eines Umrichtersystems verschaltet. Dieser Zwischenkreis ist zum konstanten Halten der Gleichspannung und zum Unterdrücken von Spannungsspitzen mit einem kapazitiven Bauelement, dem Zwischenkreiskondensator, versehen. The failure can even lead to safety-relevant problems: In wind turbines, for example, batteries are used as electrical energy stores in order to protect the wind energy plant in the event of strong wind. blade adjustment to protect against improper operating conditions. If there is a failure, the wind turbine can possibly get into such an inadmissible operating state. Often the voltage source is connected to its energy storage device in the intermediate circuit (DC voltage intermediate circuit) of an inverter system or an inverter system. This DC link is provided for the constant holding of the DC voltage and for suppressing voltage peaks with a capacitive component, the DC link capacitor.
Prinzipbedingt muss das kapazitive Bauelement dazu vorgeladen sein. Die Batterie oder das Batteriepack ist im Zwischenkreis parallel zu dem kapazitiven Bauelement geschaltet. Due to the principle, the capacitive component must be preloaded. The battery or the battery pack is connected in the intermediate circuit parallel to the capacitive component.
Würde der elektrische Energiespeicher ohne Vorladen direkt auf das kapazitive Bauelement geschaltet, so würde kurzfristig ein extrem hoher Strom fließen, bis das kapazitive Bauelement geladen ist, da ein Energiespeicher wie zum Beispiel eine Batterie einen geringen Innenwiderstand aufweist und das als Zwischenkreiskondensator dienende kapazitive Bauelement eine hohe elektrische Kapazität besitzt. Dies würde zu einer extremen Alterung dieser Bauteile und einem frü- hen Ausfall führen. Daher ist es erforderlich, das kapazitive Bauelement durch moderate Bestromung vorzuladen. If the electrical energy storage without pre-charging switched directly to the capacitive device, so short an extremely high current would flow until the capacitive element is charged, since an energy storage such as a battery has a low internal resistance and serving as a DC link capacitor capacitive component has electrical capacity. This would lead to extreme aging of these components and early failure. Therefore, it is necessary to pre-charge the capacitive device by moderate energization.
Um die Batterie beziehungsweise das Batteriepack bei einem entsprechenden Fahrzeug vom Fahrzeugbordnetz trennen zu können, sind typischerweise zwei als Leistungsschalter ausgebildete Schalteinrichtungen, meist Schütze, vorgesehen, die in je einem der Hauptstrompfade angeordnet sind. Beim Einschalten der beiden Schütze würde jedoch ein erheblicher Strom in das den Zwischenkreis- Kondensator bildende kapazitive Bauelement fließen. Daher ist ein parallel zu dem Schütz im ersten Hauptstrompfad geschalteter Vorladestrompfad mit einem sogenannten Vorladeschütz und mit einem Schutzwiderstand vorgesehen. In order to separate the battery or the battery pack in a corresponding vehicle from the vehicle electrical system, typically designed as a circuit breaker switching devices, usually contactors, are provided, which are arranged in each one of the main current paths. When the two contactors are switched on, however, a considerable current would flow into the capacitive component forming the intermediate circuit capacitor. Therefore, a precharging current path connected in parallel to the contactor in the first main current path is provided with a so-called precharge contactor and a protective resistor.
Zum Vorladen werden zunächst das Vorladeschütz und das am anderen Pol der Spannungsquelle mit der elektrischen Energiespeichereinrichtung, also im zweiten Hauptstrompfad, angebrachte Hauptschütz eingeschaltet. Hierdurch wird das als Zwischenkreiskondensator wirkende kapazitive Bauelement zunächst mit einem begrenzten Strom aufgeladen. Sobald die Spannung über dem kapazitiven Bauelement hinreichend groß ist, wird das Hauptschütz eingeschaltet. Nachteilig an dem beschriebenen Verfahren sind die relativ hohen Kosten, der relativ große beanspruchte Bauraum sowie das Gewicht des Vorladeschützes und des den Vorladewiderstand bereitstellenden Bauelements. For pre-charging, the pre-charging contactor and the main contactor mounted on the other pole of the voltage source with the electrical energy storage device, ie in the second main current path, are first switched on. As a result, the capacitive component acting as a DC link capacitor is first charged with a limited current. As soon as the voltage across the capacitive element is sufficiently high, the main contactor is switched on. Disadvantages of the method described are the relatively high costs, the relatively large installation space required and the weight of the pre-charging contactor and the component providing the pre-charging resistor.
Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung mit den in Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen, das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem mit den in Anspruch 8 genannten Merkmalen und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den in Anspruch 9 genannten Merkmalen bieten den Vorteil, dass das Aufladen des kapazitiven Bauelements einfach, kostengünstig und platzsparend durchgeführt werden kann. The circuit arrangement according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1, the drive system according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 8 and the method according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 9 offer the advantage that the charging of the capacitive device can be performed easily, inexpensively and compactly ,
Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung weist einen im Vorladestrompfad verschaltete Abwärtswandlerschaltung auf, über die das kapazitive Bauelement zu dessen Vorladen mit den Anschlüssen der Spannungsquelle elektrisch verbindbar ist. Unter einer Abwärtswandlerschaltung ist hier eine elektrische Schaltung zu verstehen, mit der ein Abwärtswandler (auch als Abwärtsregler bezeichnet) oder Tiefsetzsteller (englisch„step-down Converter" oder„buck The circuit arrangement according to the invention has a down-converter circuit which is connected in the pre-charge current path and via which the capacitive component can be electrically connected to the terminals of the voltage source for its precharging. Under a down-converter circuit is here an electrical circuit to understand, with a down converter (also referred to as a buck regulator) or buck converter (English "step-down converter" or "buck
Converter") realisiert wird. Dabei kann das zu ladende kapazitive Bauelement als Teil dieser Abwärtswandlerschaltung aufgefasst werden. Das kapazitive Bauelement ist insbesondere ein Kondensator. Während des Vorladeprozesses ist die im ersten Hauptstrompfad angeordnete Schalteinrichtung geöffnet. Diese wird nach Beendigung des Vorladeprozesses geschlossen, sodass das kapazitive Bauelement anschließend über den ersten Hauptstrompfad mit dem Anschluss der Spannungsquelle verbunden ist. During the precharging process, the switching device arranged in the first main current path is opened capacitive device is then connected via the first main current path to the terminal of the voltage source.
Die Schaltungsanordnung weist somit einen Zwischenkreis, genauer gesagt einen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis auf, bei dem die Hauptstrompfade die entsprechenden elektrischen Potentiale des Zwischenkreises definieren und in dem die Spannungsquelle mit der elektrischen Energiespeichereinrichtung verschaltet ist. Das kapazitive Bauelement wirkt dabei als Zwischenkreiskondensator. Die Spannungsquelle kann beispielsweise durch ein Spannungsnetz (das Bordspannungsnetz eines Fahrzeugs, etc.) mit der elektrischen Energiespeichereinrichtung realisiert sein. The circuit arrangement thus has a DC link, more precisely a DC voltage intermediate circuit, in which the main current paths define the corresponding electrical potentials of the DC link and in which the voltage source is connected to the electrical energy storage device. The capacitive component acts as a DC link capacitor. The voltage source can be realized for example by a voltage network (the on-board voltage network of a vehicle, etc.) with the electrical energy storage device.
Mit Vorteil ist in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Abwärtswandlerschaltung ein induktives Bauelement, ein Schaltelement und ein lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässiges Bauelement aufweist, wobei das induktive Bauelement auf Seiten des kapazitiven Bauelements und das Schaltelement auf Seiten der Energiespeichereinrichtung im Vorladestrompfad in Serienschaltung verschaltet angeordnet sind. Das lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige Bauelement ist eine Diode oder ein Halbleiterbauelement, das entsprechende Diodeneigenschaften (beispielsweise ein aktiv eingeschalteter MOSFET) aufweist. Der Verlauf des Vorladeprozesses wird durch wechselseitiges Zu- und Abschalten des Vorladestrompfades mittels des Schaltelements gesteuert und/oder geregelt. Das Schaltelement ist bevorzugt ein Transistor, insbe- sondere ein Feldeffekttransistor FET, der zum Vorladen des kapazitiven Bauelements beispielsweise mittels einer pulsweiten-modulierten Steuerspannung ein- und ausgeschaltet wird. Advantageously, it is provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the down converter circuit comprises an inductive component, a switching element and having a current-transmitting device in one direction only, wherein the inductive component on the side of the capacitive component and the switching element on the side of the energy storage device in Vorladestrompfad are connected in series. The only one-way current-transmitting device is a diode or a semiconductor device having corresponding diode characteristics (for example, an actively switched MOSFET). The course of the pre-charging process is controlled and / or regulated by alternately switching on and off the precharging current path by means of the switching element. The switching element is preferably a transistor, in particular a field effect transistor FET, which is switched on and off for precharging the capacitive component, for example by means of a pulse-width-modulated control voltage.
Insbesondere ist die Abwärtswandlerschaltung auch in dem zweiten Hauptstrom- pfad verschaltet. Dabei ist in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass das lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige Bauelement in einem Knotenpunkt des Vorladestrompfades zwischen dem induktive Bauelement dem Schaltelement und im zweiten Hauptstrompfad zwischen in dem kapazitiven Bauelement und der Spannungsquelle verschaltet ist. In particular, the down converter circuit is also connected in the second main current path. It is provided in a further preferred embodiment of the invention that the only in one direction current-permeable component in a node of the Vorladestrompfades between the inductive component is connected to the switching element and in the second main current path between in the capacitive component and the voltage source.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist im zweiten Hauptstrompfad eine weitere Schalteinrichtung angeordnet, mittels der der zweite Hauptstrompfad unterbrechbar ist. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist diese Schaltungsanordnung als Umrichter-Schaltungsanordnung ausgebildet und weist mindestens eine parallel zum kapazitiven Bauelement an die beiden Hauptstrompfade angeschlossene Umrichtereinrichtung auf. Dabei ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass die Umrichtereinreichtung als ein Wechselrichter (Inverter) ausgebildet ist, der an eine motorisch und/oder generatorisch nutzbare elektrische Maschine angeschlossen ist oder zumindestens anschließbar ist. According to an advantageous development of the invention, a further switching device is arranged in the second main current path, by means of which the second main current path can be interrupted. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, this circuit arrangement is designed as a converter circuit arrangement and has at least one parallel to the capacitive component connected to the two main current paths converter means. It is provided in particular that the Umrichtereinreichtung is designed as an inverter (inverter), which is connected to a motor and / or regenerative electric machine or at least connectable.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Antriebssystem für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer rein motorisch oder mit einer motorisch und generatorisch nutzbaren elektrischen Antriebsmaschine und einer vorstehend genannten Schaltungsanordnung. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Vorladeverfahren ist vorgesehen, dass das kapazitive Bauelement mittels einer eine elektrische Energiespeichereinrichtung, insbesondere ein Batteriepack, aufweisenden Spannungsquelle und einer The invention further relates to a drive system for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, with a purely motorized or with a motor and regenerative electric drive machine and a circuit arrangement mentioned above. In the precharging method according to the invention it is provided that the capacitive component by means of an electrical energy storage device, in particular a battery pack, having a voltage source and a
Abwärtswandlerschaltung vorgeladen wird. Dabei sind die Spannungsquelle, die Abwärtswandlerschaltung und das kapazitive Bauelement bevorzugt in einer vorstehend genannten Schaltungsanordnung verschaltet. Down converter circuit is precharged. In this case, the voltage source, the down converter circuit and the capacitive component are preferably connected in an aforementioned circuit arrangement.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Abwärtswandlerschaltung ein induktives Bauelement, ein Schaltelement und ein lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässiges Bauelement aufweist und dass der Verlauf des Vorladeprozesses durch wechselseitiges Zu- und Abschalten eines Vorladestrompfades mittels des Schaltelements gesteuert und/oder geregelt wird. Das Schaltelement ist bevorzugt ein Transistor, der beispielsweise mittels einer pulsweiten-modulierten Steuerspannung ein- und ausgeschaltet wird. Diese wird mittels einer entsprechenden Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung generiert. Der Ladestrom beim Vorladen wird insbesondere mittels einer 2-Punkt Stromregelung geregelt. According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the down-converter circuit has an inductive component, a switching element and a component which is current-permeable only in one direction, and the course of the pre-charging process is controlled and / or regulated by alternately connecting and disconnecting a pre-charging current path by means of the switching element , The switching element is preferably a transistor which is switched on and off, for example, by means of a pulse-width-modulated control voltage. This is generated by means of a corresponding control and / or regulating device. The charging current during pre-charging is regulated in particular by means of a 2-point current regulation.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Abbildungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures. Show it
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Umrichterschaltungsanordnung eines Antriebssystems mit einer Abwärtswandlerschaltung zum Voraufladen eines einen Zwischenkreiskonden- sator bildenden kapazitiven Bauelements der Schaltungsanordnung, FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a converter circuit arrangement of a drive system with a down converter circuit for precharging a capacitive component of the circuit arrangement forming a DC link capacitor,
Figur 2 den Stromfluss in der Schaltungsanordnung der Fig. 1 bei einem ersten Schritt des Vorladeprozesses zum Vorladen des kapazitiven Bauelements, FIG. 2 shows the current flow in the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1 in a first step of the precharging process for precharging the capacitive component,
Figur 3 den Stromfluss in der Schaltungsanordnung der Fig. 1 bei einem zweiten Schritt des Vorladeprozesses zum Vorladen des kapazitiven Bauelements und FIG. 3 shows the current flow in the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1 in a second step of the precharging process for precharging the capacitive component and FIG
Figur 4 den Spannungsverlauf am kapazitiven Bauelement (oben), den 4 shows the voltage curve at the capacitive component (top), the
Stromverlauf an einem induktiven Bauelement der „ Current profile on an inductive component of "
Abwärtswandlerschaltung (Mitte) und den Spannungsverlauf an einem Schaltelement des Abwärtswandlers (unten) über der Vorladezeit beim Vorladen des kapazitiven Bauelements. Die Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Darstellung eine als Umrichterschaltungsanordnung ausgebildete Schaltungsanordnung 10. Diese Schaltungsanordnung weist einen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 12 mit einem als Zwi- schenkreiskondensator wirkenden kapazitiven Bauelement 14 (mit Kapazität C) und einer im Zwischenkreis 12 verschalteten und als Spannungsquelle 16 wir- kenden elektrischen Energiespeichereinrichtung 18 auf. Bei der hier gezeigten schematischen Darstellung der Schaltungsanordnung 10 ist die Spannungsquelle 16 auf die Energiespeichereinrichtung 18 reduziert dargestellt. Die Spannungsquelle 16 kann jedoch beispielsweise auch von einem Spannungsnetz mit diversen Komponenten gebildet sein. Der Zwischenkreis 12 weist einen ersten Haupt- strompfad 20 und einen zweiten Hauptstrompfad 22 auf. Jeder dieser Hauptstrompfade 20, 22 ist an einen elektrischen Anschluss 24, 26 der Spannungsquelle 16 beziehungsweise der als Batteriepack ausgebildeten elektrischen Energiespeichereinrichtung 18 angeschlossen. Weiterhin ist in jedem der beiden Hauptstrompfade 20, 22 je eine als Schütz ausgebildete Schalteinrichtung 28, 30 angeordnet, mittels der der jeweilige Hauptstrompfad 20, 22 unterbrochen oder durchgeschaltet werden kann. An die beiden Hauptstrompfade 20, 22 ist parallel zu dem kapazitiven Bauelement 14 eine als Wechselrichter (Inverter) 32 ausgebildete Umrichtereinrichtung 34 mit ihrem Gleichspannungsausgang (DC) angeschlossen. Am Wechselspannungsausgang (AC) der als Wechselrichter 32 aus- gebildeten Umrichtereinrichtung 34 ist eine motorisch und/oder generatorisch nutzbare elektrische Maschine 36 angeschlossen. Der entsprechende Wechselstromkreis 38 ist ein Drehstromkreis mit drei Strompfaden zwischen der Buck converter circuit (center) and the voltage waveform on a switching element of the buck converter (below) over the precharge time during pre-charging of the capacitive device. 1 shows a schematic representation of a circuit arrangement 10 designed as a converter circuit arrangement. This circuit arrangement has a DC intermediate circuit 12 with a capacitive component 14 acting as intermediate circuit capacitor (with capacitance C) and an electrical circuit connected in the intermediate circuit 12 and acting as voltage source 16 Energy storage device 18 on. In the schematic illustration of the circuit arrangement 10 shown here, the voltage source 16 is shown reduced to the energy storage device 18. However, the voltage source 16 can also be formed, for example, by a voltage network with various components. The intermediate circuit 12 has a first main current path 20 and a second main current path 22. Each of these main current paths 20, 22 is connected to an electrical connection 24, 26 of the voltage source 16 or of the electric energy storage device 18 designed as a battery pack. Furthermore, in each of the two main current paths 20, 22 each designed as a contactor switching device 28, 30 is arranged, by means of which the respective main current path 20, 22 can be interrupted or switched. To the two main current paths 20, 22 parallel to the capacitive component 14 as an inverter (inverter) 32 formed converter 34 is connected with its DC output (DC). At the AC voltage output (AC) of the converter device 34 designed as an inverter 32, a motor and / or regenerative electric machine 36 is connected. The corresponding AC circuit 38 is a three-phase circuit with three current paths between the
Umrichtereinrichtung 34 und der elektrischen Maschine 36. Die Schaltungsanordnung 10 weist weiterhin einen parallel zu der Schalteinrichtung 28 im ersten Hauptstrompfad 20 geschalteten Vorladestrompfad 40 auf, in dem eine Abwärtswandlerschaltung (Tiefsetzstellerschaltung) 42 verschaltet ist, über die das kapazitive Bauelement 14 zu dessen Vorladen ebenfalls an die Spannungsquelle 16 beziehungsweise deren Energiespeichereinrichtung 18 elektrisch anschließbar ist. Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Abwärtswandlerschaltung 42 weist dabei ein induktives Bauelement 44 (mit der Induktivität L), ein als Transistor T ausgebildetes Schaltelement 46 und ein als Diode D ausgebildetes lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässiges Bauelement 48 auf. Das induktive Bauelement 44 ist dabei auf Seiten des kapazitiven Bauelements 14 und das Schaltelement 46 ist auf Seiten der Spannungsquelle 16 im Vorladestrompfad 40 angeordnet. Somit sind diese beiden Elemente 44, 46 im Vorladestrompfad 40 in Serie geschaltet. Das lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige BauelementInverter device 34 and the electric machine 36. The circuit arrangement 10 furthermore has a precharging current path 40 connected in parallel with the switching device 28 in the first main current path 20, in which a down converter circuit (buck converter circuit) 42 is connected, via which the capacitive component 14 also charges for its precharging the voltage source 16 or its energy storage device 18 is electrically connected. The down-converter circuit 42 shown in FIG. 1 in this case has an inductive component 44 (with the inductance L), a switching element 46 in the form of a transistor T and a diode D only in one direction current-permeable device 48. The inductive component 44 is on the side of the capacitive component 14 and the switching element 46 is arranged on the side of the voltage source 16 in the pre-charging current path 40. Thus, these two elements 44, 46 are connected in Vorladestrompfad 40 in series. The only in one direction current-permeable component
48 ist in einem Knotenpunkt 50 des Vorladestrompfades 40 zwischen dem induktive Bauelement 44 und dem Schaltelement 46 sowie im zweiten Hauptstrompfad 22 zwischen dem kapazitiven Bauelement 14 und der Schalteinrichtung 30 verschaltet. 48 is connected in a node 50 of the Vorladestrompfades 40 between the inductive component 44 and the switching element 46 and in the second main current path 22 between the capacitive device 14 and the switching device 30.
Die in der Figur 1 gezeigte Schaltungsanordnung 10 ist die Umrichterschaltungsanordnung eines Antriebssystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug, genauer gesagt für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Elektro- oder Hybridantrieb. Die in Figur 1 gezeigte elektrische Maschine 36 ist eine rein motorisch oder eine motorisch und generatorisch nutzbare elektrischen Antriebsmaschine dieses Kraftfahrzeugs.The circuit arrangement 10 shown in FIG. 1 is the converter circuit arrangement of a drive system for a motor vehicle, more specifically for a motor vehicle with electric or hybrid drive. The electric machine 36 shown in FIG. 1 is an electric drive machine of this motor vehicle, which can be used purely by motor or motor and generator.
Die Energiespeichereinrichtung 18 ist dabei eine Traktionsbatterie (ein The energy storage device 18 is a traction battery (a
Traktionsakkumulator) des Fahrzeugs und die Spannungsquelle 16 ist das entsprechende (Hochspannungs-)Bordnetz des Fahrzeugs. Das Vorladen des kapazitiven Bauelements 14 erfolgt bei offener Schalteinrichtung 28 des ersten Hauptstrompfades 20 durch wechselseitiges Zu- und Abschalten des Vorladestrompfades 40 mittels des Schaltelements 46. Die Fig. 2 zeigt die Situation bei geschlossenem Schaltelement 46 (T ein: zugeschaltetem Vorladestrompfad 40). Es ergibt sich ein Stromfluss entlang des folgenden Stromkreises 52: Energiespeichereinrichtung 18 - Anschluss 26 - zweiterTraktionsakkumulator) of the vehicle and the voltage source 16 is the corresponding (high voltage) electrical system of the vehicle. The precharging of the capacitive component 14 takes place when the switching device 28 of the first main current path 20 is open by alternately connecting and disconnecting the precharging current path 40 by means of the switching element 46. FIG. 2 shows the situation with the switching element 46 closed (T on: a precharging current path 40 connected). This results in a current flow along the following circuit 52: energy storage device 18 - connection 26 - second
Hauptstrompfad 22 - kapazitives Bauelement 14 - Vorladestrompfad 40 mit induktivem Bauelement 44 und Schaltelement 46 - Abschluss 24 - Energiespeichereinrichtung 18. Dabei fällt über dem kapazitiven Bauelement 14 die Spannung U_C und über dem Schaltelement 46 die Spannung U_T ab und über das induktive Bauelement 44 fließt der Strom l_L. Ein Stromfluss über das lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige Bauelement 48 parallel zu der Serienschaltung aus dem kapazitiven Bauelement 14 und dem induktiven Bauelement 44 erfolgt nicht, da das Bauelement 48 in dieser Stromrichtung sperrt. Die Fig. 3 zeigt die Situation bei offenem Schaltelement 46 (T aus: abgeschaltetem Vorladestrompfad 40). Es ergibt sich ein Stromfluss entlang des folgenden Stromkreises 54: kapazitives Bauelement 14 - induktives Bauelement 44 - ledig- lieh in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige Bauelement 48 - und zurück zum kapazitiven Bauelement 14. Ein Stromfluss über das Schaltelement 46 durch den Vor- ladestrompfad 40 erfolgt nicht, da das Schaltelement 46 offen ist (T aus). Main current path 22 - capacitive component 14 - Vorladestrompfad 40 with inductive component 44 and switching element 46 - Termination 24 - energy storage device 18. This drops over the capacitive component 14, the voltage U_C and on the switching element 46, the voltage U_T and the inductive component 44 flows Electricity l_L. A current flow through the device 48, which is only current-permeable in one direction, parallel to the series connection of the capacitive component 14 and the inductive component 44, does not take place since the component 48 blocks in this current direction. FIG. 3 shows the situation when the switching element 46 is open (T off: precharging current path 40 switched off). The result is a current flow along the following circuit 54: capacitive component 14 - inductive component 44 - only borrowed in one direction current-permeable device 48 - and back to the capacitive device 14. A current flow through the switching element 46 through the Vorladestrompfad 40 does not occur because the switching element 46 is open (T off).
Fig. 4 zeigt die auftretende Strom- und Spannungsverläufe beim Aufladevorgang des kapazitiven Bauelements 14. Dabei zeigt Fig. 4 oben den Spannungsverlauf U_C am kapazitiven Bauelement 14, in der Mitte den Stromverlauf l_L an dem induktiven Bauelement 44 und unten den Spannungsverlauf U_T an dem Schaltelement 46 des Abwärtswandlers 40 über der Zeit t beim Vorladen des kapazitiven Bauelements 14. 4 shows the current and voltage curves occurring during the charging process of the capacitive component 14. FIG. 4 shows the voltage curve U_C at the capacitive component 14, in the middle the current characteristic I_L at the inductive component 44 and at the bottom the voltage characteristic U_T at the switching element 46 of the buck converter 40 over time t during pre-charging of the capacitive device 14.
Wird das Schaltelement 46 geschlossen (T ein), so fließt ein steigender Strom durch das kapazitive Bauelement 14, das induktive Bauelement 44 und das Schaltelement 46 (siehe Figuren 2 und 4). Öffnet sich das Schaltelement, dann fließt ein abklingender Strom, aufgrund der in dem induktiven Bauelement 44 gespeicherten Energie, durch das induktive Bauelement 44, das lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige Bauelement 48 und das kapazitive Bauelement (siehe Figuren 3 und 4). Beide Ströme, sowohl der steigende als auch der abklingende, laden das kapazitive Bauelement 14, sodass die über diesem kapazitiven Bauelement abfallende Spannung steigt. Die Energie wird von der Spannungsquelle 16 entnommen, in diesem Fall von der als Hochvoltbatterie ausgebildeten elektrischen Energiespeichereinrichtung 18. If the switching element 46 is closed (T on), an increasing current flows through the capacitive component 14, the inductive component 44 and the switching element 46 (see FIGS. 2 and 4). If the switching element opens, a decaying current, due to the energy stored in the inductive component 44, flows through the inductive component 44, the component 48 permeable to current only in one direction and the capacitive component (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Both currents, both rising and decaying, charge the capacitive device 14, so that the voltage drop across this capacitive device increases. The energy is taken from the voltage source 16, in this case from the designed as a high-voltage battery electric energy storage device 18th
Es gibt verschiedene Verfahren zur Regelung des Stromes. Ein Beispiel eines Stromregelverfahrens ist eine 2-Punkt Stromregelung. Hierbei wird der Strom durch das induktive Bauelement 44 gemessen und das Schaltelement 46 wird eingeschaltet bis ein maximaler Wert erreicht wird. Dann schaltet das Schaltelement 46 aus bis ein minimaler Wert erreicht ist. Das Schaltelement 46 wird wieder eingeschaltet und der Strom steigt wieder bis sein maximaler Wert erreicht ist. Dann schaltet das Schaltelement 46 wieder aus, der Stromwert sinkt bis der minimale Wert erreicht ist. Dieser Zyklus wiederholt sich solange, bis die gewünschte Spannung am kapazitiven Bauelement 14, also dem Zwischenkreis- kondensator, erreicht ist (siehe Fig. 4). There are several methods for controlling the current. An example of a current control method is a 2-point current control. Here, the current is measured by the inductive component 44 and the switching element 46 is turned on until a maximum value is reached. Then, the switching element 46 turns off until a minimum value is reached. The switching element 46 is turned on again and the current increases again until its maximum value is reached. Then, the switching element 46 turns off again, the current value decreases until the minimum value is reached. This cycle is repeated until the desired voltage at the capacitive component 14, ie the DC link capacitor, is reached (see FIG. 4).

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Schaltungsanordnung (10) mit 1 . Circuit arrangement (10) with
- einer zwei Anschlüsse (24, 26) aufweisenden Spannungsquelle (16), die eine elektrische Energiespeichereinrichtung (18), insbesondere ein Batteriepack, aufweist,  a voltage source (16) having two terminals (24, 26) and having an electrical energy storage device (18), in particular a battery pack,
- einem ersten und einem zweiten Hauptstrompfad (20, 22), von denen je einer an einen der Anschlüsse (24, 26) der Spannungsquelle (16) angeschlossen ist und von denen zumindest der erste Hauptstrom pfad (20) mittels einer darin angeordneten Schalteinrichtung (28) unterbrechbar ist, - A first and a second main current path (20, 22), each of which is connected to one of the terminals (24, 26) of the voltage source (16) and of which at least the first main current path (20) by means of a switching device arranged therein ( 28) is interruptible,
- einem kapazitiven Bauelement (14), das über die Hauptstrompfade (20, 22) elektrisch an die Spannungsquelle (16) angeschlossen ist und - A capacitive device (14) which is connected via the main current paths (20, 22) electrically connected to the voltage source (16) and
- einem parallel zu der Schalteinrichtung (28) im ersten Hauptstrompfad (20) geschalteten Vorladestrompfad (40),  a precharging current path (40) connected in parallel with the switching device (28) in the first main current path (20),
gekennzeichnet durch eine im Vorladestrompfad (40) verschaltete  characterized by a in Vorladestrompfad (40) interconnected
Abwärtswandlerschaltung (42), über die das kapazitive Bauelement (14) zu dessen Vorladen ebenfalls mit den Anschlüssen (24, 26) der Spannungsquelle (16) elektrisch verbindbar ist.  Buck converter circuit (42) via which the capacitive component (14) is also electrically connectable to the terminals (24, 26) of the voltage source (16) for its precharging.
2. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abwärtswandlerschaltung (42) ein induktives Bauelement (44), ein Schaltelement (46) und ein lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässiges Bauelement (48) aufweist, wobei das induktive Bauelement (44) auf Seiten des kapazitiven Bauelements (14) und das Schaltelement (46) auf Seiten der Spannungsquelle (16) im Vorladestrompfad (40) in Serienschaltung verschaltet angeordnet sind. 2. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the down converter circuit (42) comprises an inductive component (44), a switching element (46) and a current-transmitting device in one direction only (48), wherein the inductive component (44) on sides of the capacitive component (14) and the switching element (46) on the side of the voltage source (16) in the precharge current path (40) are connected in series connection.
3. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abwärtswandlerschaltung (42) auch in dem zweiten Hauptstrompfad (22) verschaltet ist. 3. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the down converter circuit (42) is also connected in the second main current path (22).
4. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässige Bauelement (48) in einem Knotenpunkt (50) des Vorladestrompfades (40) zwischen dem induktiven Bau- element (44) und dem Schaltelement (46) sowie im zweiten Hauptstrom pfad (22) zwischen dem kapazitiven Bauelement (14) und der Spannungsquelle (16) verschaltet ist. 4. A circuit arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the only in one direction current-permeable component (48) in a node (50) of the Vorladestrompfades (40) between the inductive Bau- element (44) and the switching element (46) and in the second main current path (22) between the capacitive component (14) and the voltage source (16) is connected.
5. Schaltungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im zweiten Hauptstrompfad (22) eine weitere Schalteinrichtung (30) angeordnet ist, mittels der der zweite Hauptstrompfad (22) unterbrechbar ist. 5. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the second main current path (22), a further switching means (30) is arranged, by means of which the second main current path (22) is interruptible.
6. Schaltungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Schaltungsanordnung (10) als Umrichter- Schaltungsanordnung ausgebildet ist und mindestens eine parallel zum kapazitiven Bauelement (14) an die beiden Hauptstrompfade (20, 22) angeschlossene Umrichtereinrichtung (34) aufweist. 6. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this circuit arrangement (10) is designed as a converter circuit arrangement and at least one parallel to the capacitive component (14) to the two main current paths (20, 22) connected converter means (34).
7. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umrichtereinrichtung (34) als Wechselrichter (32) ausgebildet und an eine motorisch und/oder generatorisch nutzbare elektrische Maschine (36) angeschlossen ist oder zumindestens anschließbar ist. 7. Circuit arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the converter device (34) as an inverter (32) and connected to a motor and / or regenerative electric machine (36) is connected or at least connectable.
8. Antriebssystem für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer rein motorisch oder mit einer motorisch und generatorisch nutzbaren elektrischen Antriebsmaschine und einer Schaltungsanordnung (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 8. Drive system for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, with a purely motor or with a motor and regenerative electric drive machine and a circuit arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
9. Verfahren zum Vorladen eines kapazitiven Bauelements (14), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kapazitive Bauelement (14) mittels einer eine elektrische Energiespeichereinrichtung (18), insbesondere ein Batteriepack, aufweisenden Spannungsquelle (16) und einer Abwärtswandlerschaltung (42) vorgeladen wird. 9. A method for precharging a capacitive component (14), characterized in that the capacitive component (14) by means of an electrical energy storage device (18), in particular a battery pack, having a voltage source (16) and a down converter circuit (42) is precharged.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the
Abwärtswandlerschaltung (42) ein induktives Bauelement (44), ein Schaltelement (46) und ein lediglich in einer Richtung stromdurchlässiges Bauelement (48) aufweist und dass der Verlauf des Vorladeprozesses durch wechselseitiges Zu- und Abschalten eines Vorladestrompfades (40) mittels des Schaltelements (46) gesteuert und/oder geregelt wird. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladestrom beim Vorladen mittels einer Zweipunkt Stromregelung geregelt wird. Down converter circuit (42) an inductive component (44), a switching element (46) and a current-only in one direction device (48) and that the course of the pre-charging by mutual switching on and off of a pre-charge current path (40) by means of the switching element (46 ) is controlled and / or regulated. A method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the charging current is regulated during pre-charging by means of a two-point current control.
PCT/EP2013/069673 2012-10-25 2013-09-23 Circuit arrangement and method for pre-charging a capacitive component WO2014063876A1 (en)

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