WO2014062112A1 - A self-grounded antenna arrangement - Google Patents
A self-grounded antenna arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014062112A1 WO2014062112A1 PCT/SE2013/051130 SE2013051130W WO2014062112A1 WO 2014062112 A1 WO2014062112 A1 WO 2014062112A1 SE 2013051130 W SE2013051130 W SE 2013051130W WO 2014062112 A1 WO2014062112 A1 WO 2014062112A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- central portion
- self
- antenna arrangement
- arm section
- arm
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
- H01Q9/43—Scimitar antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna arrangement having the features of the first part of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an antenna arrangement having the features of the first part of claim 29.
- Ultra Wide Band (UWB) signals are generally defined as signals having a large relative bandwidth (bandwidth divided by carrier frequency) or a large absolute bandwidth.
- the expression UWB is particularly used for the frequency band 3.2-10.6 GHz, but also for other and wider frequency bands.
- the use of wideband signals is associated with many positive aspects and advantages as for example described in "History and applications of UWB", y M.Z. Win et.al, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97, No. 2, p. 198-204, February 2009. Another important aspect of the UWB-technology is that it is a low cost technology.
- CMOS processors transmitting and receiving UWB-signals has opened up for a large field of different applications and they can be fabricated at a very low cost for UWB-signals without requiring any hardware for mixers, RF (Radio Frequency) -oscillators or PLLs (Phase Locked Loops) .
- RF Radio Frequency
- PLLs Phase Locked Loops
- UWB technology can be implemented in a wide range of areas, for different applications, such as for example short range communication (less than 10 m) with extremely high data rates (up to or above 500 Mbps), e.g. for wireless USB similar communication between components in entertainment systems such as DVD players, TV and similar; in sensor networks where low data rate communication is combined with precise ranging and geolocation, and radar systems with extremely high spatial resolution and obstacle penetration capabilities, and generally for wireless communication devices.
- short range communication less than 10 m
- extremely high data rates up to or above 500 Mbps
- wireless USB similar communication between components in entertainment systems such as DVD players, TV and similar
- sensor networks where low data rate communication is combined with precise ranging and geolocation, and radar systems with extremely high spatial resolution and obstacle penetration capabilities, and generally for wireless communication devices.
- UWB antennas can be divided into four different categories.
- the first category comprises a so called scaled category, comprising bow-tie dipoles, see for example "A modified Bow-Tie antenna for improved pulse radiation", by Lestari et.al, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 7, pp. 2184-2192, July 2010, biconical dipoles as for example discussed in "Miniaturization of the biconical Antenna for ultra wideband applications" by A.K. Amert et. al, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, No. 12, pp. 3728-3735, Dec. 2009.
- the second category comprises so called self-complementary structures as e.g.
- the third category comprises travelling wave structure antennas, e.g. the so called Vivaldi antenna which is a well known and widely used antenna, as e.g. discussed in "The Vivaldi aerial” by P.J. Gibson, Proc. 9 th European Microwave conference, pp. 101-105, 1979.
- the fourth category comprises multiple resonance antennas like log-periodic dipole antenna arrays .
- Antennas from the scaled category, the self-complementary category and the multiple reflection category comprise compact, low profile antennas with low gain, i.e. having wide and often more or less omni-directional far field patterns, whereas antennas of the travelling wave category, like the Vivaldi antennas, are directional.
- the above-mentioned UWB antennas were mainly designed for use in normal Line-of-Sight (LOS) antenna systems with one port per polarization and a known direction of the single wave between the transmitting and receiving side of the communication system.
- LOS Line-of-Sight
- most environments have many objects (such as houses, trees, vehicles, humans) between the transmitting and receiving sides of the communication systems that cause reflections and scattering of the waves, resulting in a multiple of incoming waves on the receiving side.
- Interference between these waves causes large level variations known as fading of the received voltage (known as the channel) at the port of the receiving antenna.
- This fading can be counteracted in modern digital communication systems that make use of multiport antennas and support MIMO technology (multiple-input multiple-output) .
- MIMO technology multiple-input multiple-output
- Future wireless communication systems are supposed to comprise a large number of micro base stations with multiband multiport antennas enabling MIMO.
- Known solutions do not meet requirements as to compactness, angular coverage, radiation efficiency and polarization schemes, which all are critical issues for the performance of such systems.
- the radiation efficiency of a multiport antenna is reduced by ohmic losses and impedance mismatch like in single-port antennas, but also by mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Therefore, this mutual coupling should be low, but there is not known any compact multiport antenna with low mutual coupling between the ports.
- the bow-tie antenna described in SE 535 251 is a single port directional UWB antenna and does not solve the problems referred to above .
- Another object is to provide an antenna arrangement, most particularly an UWB multiport antenna, which is suitable for use in measurement systems for wireless devices with or without MIMO capability, such as measurement systems based on reverberation chambers .
- an object of the present invention to provide a method for fabrication of an antenna arrangement through which one or more of the above mentioned objects can be achieved. It is in particular an object to provide a method which is easy to carry out, which involves only low costs, which is reliable and repeatable. Therefore a method as initially referred to is provided which has the characterizing features of claim 29.
- a multiport antenna for which the mutual coupling between the antenna ports is weak, so that the far field functions become almost orthogonal.
- an UWB multiport antenna arrangement with a weak mutual coupling between the antenna ports ensuring far field functions that are orthogonal in some sense, such as in terms of polarization, direction or shape. With orthogonal is here meant that the inner products of the complex far field functions are low over the desired coverage of the antennas.
- an UWB antenna arrangement for measurement systems for wireless devices of wireless systems, with or without MIMO capability which has multiple ports, with a weak coupling, particularly no coupling at all, or at least a coupling which is as low as possible between them and far field functions which are orthogonal.
- the invention is particularly advantageous for use in MIMO antenna systems for statistical multipath environments.
- Fig. 1 is a view of an antenna arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention with four antenna ports
- Fig. 1A is a side view of the arrangement in Fig 1
- Fig. IB shows an arrangement as in Fig. 1 which is slightly modified
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention
- Fig. 3 is a view of a third embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention here, also with four antenna ports , Fig. 3A is a top view of the arrangement of Fig. 3,
- Fig. 4 is a view of a fourth embodiment comprising an antenna arrangement with two antenna ports
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment comprising an arrangement with two arms
- Fig. 6 schematically illustrates an arrangement according to the invention suitable for mounting on a wall
- Fig. 7 schematically illustrates another arrangement according to the invention which comprises two antenna structures and which is suitable for wall mounting
- Fig. 8 schematically illustrates another embodiment of an arrangement comprising two antenna structures and which also is suitable for wall mounting
- Fig. 9A schematically, in perspective, illustrates still another embodiment with four ports comprising an arrangement with hemi-spherical coverage suitable for mounting e.g. on a wall,
- Fig. 9B is a top view of the arrangement in Fig. 9A,
- Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment with an antenna arrangement comprising one port and a single arm section
- Fig. 11 shows still another embodiment of an arrangement comprising four arms and corresponding ports
- Fig. 12A is a top view of an arrangement comprising three arms and three ports
- Fig. 12B is a perspective view of the arrangement shown in Fig.
- Fig. 13 schematically illustrates an arrangement with spherical coverage and which is suitable for mounting on a mast
- Fig. 13A is a top view of the arrangement in Fig. 13.
- Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a bow-tie antenna arrangement 10 according to the invention.
- the bow-tie antenna arrangement 10 comprises four arm sections 1, 2, 3, 4 which are so arranged that two arm sections 1, 2 are bent backwards towards one another on a first, here denoted upper for reasons of definition only, side 5i of a central portion 5. In this embodiment they are bent so that end tips of the arm sections point towards the center of said upper side 5i.
- the end tips are connected to connector pins 6i, 62 which via separate openings 7 ⁇ , I2 are connected to conductors 21, 22 (dashed lines) located on the opposite (lower) side of the central portion 5, and directed towards opposite side edges of the central portion 5.
- the central portion comprises a circuit board with micro-strip conductors.
- the conductors 23, 24 of the arm sections 3, 4, which are bent backwards towards the center on the other, second, side of the central portion 5, are located on the first side 5i of the central portion and extend in substantially opposite directions towards outer side edges of the central portion.
- Ports II 1 -II 4 here comprising coaxial connectors, are attached to the side edges, for arm sections 2, 3 on one side edge and for arm sections 1, 4 on the opposite side edge.
- the central portion 5 comprises a metal layer 9, on part of the surfaces of which dielectric layers forming printed circuit boards 9 lr >2 are disposed.
- the first arm sections 1, 2 are diametrically arranged with respect to one another and are bent backwards towards the openings arranged substantially at the center of the first side 5i of the central portion.
- the second arm sections 3, 4 are diametrically and symmetrically located with respect to one another and bent backwards towards the center of the second side of the central portion.
- first arm section 1 and the second arm section 3 are located side by side, but bent backwards onto opposite sides or surfaces of the central portion.
- first arm section 2 and the second arm section 4 are located side by side and bent backwards onto opposite sides or surfaces of the central portion.
- a very weak coupling between the ports 31, 32, 33, 34 is obtained, which is extremely advantageous for MIMO systems.
- the antenna elements formed by the respective arm sections and the central portion are located very close to one another, a very low correlation between the ports is obtained, in particular embodiments even below 0.1 over the range 0.4-16 GHz, which is an extremely good performance.
- the arrangement is mainly made by a metal piece, the ohmic losses will be very low.
- Fig. 1A From the side view of the antenna arrangement shown in Fig. 1A can be seen how the first arm sections 1, 2 are bent backwards towards the first, here upper, side 5i of the central portion whereas the second arm portions 3, 4 are bent backwards towards the second side 5 2 of the central portion 5.
- the end tips of the arm sections are connected to connector pins 6i, 6 2 , 6 3 , 6 4 via respective openings connecting to microstrip conductors on the respective opposite sides of the central portion.
- the dielectric layers 9 lr >2 do not extend throughout the surfaces of the metal layer 9 towards the transition regions where the arm sections comprise partial extensions of the central portion.
- the arrangement 10 comprises arm sections 1, 2, 3, 4, made in one piece with the central portion 5.
- the arm sections comprise sections which are fixedly or demountably connected to the central portion.
- Fig. IB shows an antenna arrangement 10' only differing from the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 in that instead of having separate openings in the central portion for each arm section connector pin, there is a common opening 7' for all connector pins.
- Other elements bear the same reference signs as in Fig. 1 but are provided with a prime symbol.
- Fig. 2 illustrates an antenna arrangement 20 also comprising four arm sections 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A as in Fig. 1. Elements similar to elements shown in Figs. 1, 1A are given the same reference numerals but with an index "A".
- the conductor elements 21A, 22A, 23A, 24A are all arranged to be directed towards the same side edge of the central portion 5A enabling the provisioning of connectors, e.g. coaxial connectors IIA 1 -IIA 4 on one and the same outer edge of the antenna, which in some embodiments is practical for mounting and access purposes.
- the connectors can be mounted on the first and second sides or surfaces 5 ⁇ , 5A 2 respectively, or in any appropriate manner; the invention is not limited to any particular type of connectors or connector locations.
- the antenna arrangement 30 shown in Fig. 3 also comprises four arm sections IB, 2B, 3B, 4B extending from a central portion 5B which are diametrically and pairwise bent backwards onto a first side 5Bi and onto a second side 5B 2 respectively.
- the arm sections have a shape tapering towards the end tips in a non- symmetric manner, starting with a rapidly tapering region after which the respective arm section is narrow and tapers regularly and approaches the central portion such that the surfaces of the narrow sections facing away from the central portion are substantially planar, and form substantially constant angles with the central portion first and second sides 5Bi and 5B 2 respectively.
- the inner edges of the arm sections are in this embodiment straight, only the outer edges being irregularly tapering as described above.
- the shape of the arm sections can be chosen and optimized in different ways; only a few advantageous embodiments are shown.
- the two side edges of an arm section may e.g. taper symmetrically but irregularly, being straight or curved or a combination of both.
- similar elements that are illustrated bear the same reference signs as in Fig. 1 but with an index B.
- Coaxial connectors llBi, IIB 2 for arm sections IB, 2B are here provided on the first side 5Bi
- coaxial connectors 13B, 13B for arm sections 3B, 4B are here provided on the second side 5B 2 .
- Different mounting elements 17B can be provided for in any appropriate manner in order to allow for easy and reliable mounting of the antenna arrangement wherever desired, for example on the top of a mast, at a micro base station etc.
- Fastening elements 15B are provided in a convenient manner for mounting circuit boards I6B 1 , I6B 2 .
- Fig 3A is a top view of antenna arrangement 30 included just to show an example of an advantageous shaping of the arm sections in a clearer manner.
- Separate openings 6B 1 -6B 4 for the connector pins are here provided in the conducting layer of the central portion 5.
- Fig. 4 is an illustration of an antenna arrangement 40 with two arm sections 1C, 2C which are bent backwards towards the center of a first side of a central portion 5C such that their end tips will end at a slight diagonal distance from each other at openings 7Ci, IC2 through which respective conducting connector pins 6C 1 , 6C 2 protrude.
- the connector pins 6C 1 , 6C 2 are connected to microstrip lines 21C, 22C disposed on the second (here under) side of the central portion.
- the central portion comprises a metal plate from which the arm sections 1C, 2C protrude.
- the arm sections have a largest width at their ends forming extensions from the central portion, the widths being substantially half of the width of the corresponding outer edge or end of the central portion.
- Feeding ports 11C, 12C here comprise coaxial connectors llCi, I I C2 arranged at opposite edges of the central portion.
- the connectors could be provided on the first side of the central portion; i.e. on the side on which the arm sections are located.
- a dielectric layer 9C is arranged between the metal layer of the central portion and the conductors 21C, 21C. Separate openings 7 Ci , IC2 are provided to enable connection of the end tips with the conductors 21C, 22C. Alternatively there could be a common opening for the connector pins .
- Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a self-grounded antenna arrangement 50 with two arm sections ID, 2D.
- the embodiment is similar to that described with reference to Fig. 4 (similar elements bear similar reference numerals but are indexed "D") , but with the difference that the connectors llDi, I I D2 are disposed close to the same outer side edge of the central portion, which is advantageous from a mounting point of view and for allowing an easy access.
- FIG. 6 still another embodiment of an antenna arrangement 60 comprising two arm sections, forming two antenna elements, is shown.
- the arm sections IE, 2E have shapes similar to the shapes of the arm sections of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3.
- a separate opening 7 ⁇ ⁇ , 7 E2 is provided for each of the end tips.
- the conductors 21E, 22E are indicated with dashed lines since they are located on the opposite side of the central portion with respect to the arm sections.
- Coaxial connectors llEi, I I E2 are conveniently provided close to one another on the first, here upper, side of the central portion 5E as illustrated in Fig. 6.
- Arrangements with two or more arm sections bent backwards onto the same side may conveniently be used for wall mounting as a wall antenna with approximately a hemi-spherical coverage.
- Fig. 7 shows an embodiment comprising a self-grounded antenna arrangement assembly 70 comprising two antenna arrangements 70A, 70B arranged on a common mounting frame or similar (not shown) .
- the two antenna arrangements 70A, 70B of the assembly 70 are arranged next to each other but they have mirrored geometries as far as the positions of the arm sections are concerned such that an arm section lEi of antenna arrangement 70A is arranged adjacent an arm section IE 2 on the other antenna arrangement 70B.
- the connectors (ports) II7 0 for all arm sections are preferably arranged on one and the same side of the arrangement, although they also can be arranged in other manners.
- the antenna arrangements 70A, 70B are arranged on each a separate central portion 5 ⁇ , 5E 2 , with dielectric layers 9E , 9 ⁇ 2 disposed between respective conductors 21 7 o and the conducting material of central portions 5 ⁇ , 5E 2 .
- common openings may be used instead of separate openings in the central portions.
- An antenna assembly may also comprise more than two antenna arrangements.
- FIG. 8 Another exemplary assembly 80 is schematically illustrated in Fig. 8, where two arrangements 80A, 80B, which are substantially identical, are disposed close to one another.
- the first antenna arrangement 80A comprises two arm sections lFi, IF 2
- the second antenna arrangement 80B comprises two arm sections IF 2 , 2F 2 , the arm sections 2F , IF 2 being arranged on adjacent edge sections of the respective central portions 5Fi, 5F 2 but, here, not facing one another.
- the four ports llso are arranged on the same side of the central portions of the assembly.
- the antenna arrangement has a mirrored geometry (not shown) .
- Figs. 9A, 9B show an antenna arrangement 90 comprising a common central portion 5H with four arm sections 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H bent backwards towards the center of the same, first, side 5Hi of the central portion, separate openings being provided for each end tip.
- the conductors are indicated through dashed lines in Fig. 9B since they are located on the second, lower side of the central portion.
- the connectors II 90 may be disposed in different manners, one specific implementation being shown in Figs. 9A, 9B . In other respects, shown elements are similar to elements described with reference to the preceding embodiments.
- Fig 10 shows an advantageous embodiment of an antenna arrangement 10K with but one single arm section IK bent backwards towards a first side of a central portion 5K with, in this embodiment, an opening 7K in a corner thereof.
- the end tip of the arm section is via connector pin 6K connected to a conductor, for example a microstrip line 25K, illustrated by means of a dashed line, e.g. on a circuit board arranged on a second side of the central portion.
- a coaxial connector 11K is provided at an outer edge located distant from the end tip and from a transition region of the arm section from the central portion 5K. It should be clear that other conductor types can be used, as well as other types of connectors.
- the location for a connector may be at the first side of the central portion, or at any other appropriate location.
- the arm section IK may alternatively be bent backwards and face anywhere along the edge opposite the transition region.
- the central portion may also have another shape and may be larger such that the end tip instead is directed towards any other region of the central portion.
- the arm section may also have any other shape as discussed with reference to embodiments with two or more arm sections.
- Fig. 11 schematically illustrates a non-directional antenna arrangement 92 comprising a central portion 5L with four arm sections, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L bent backwards towards the center of the same, first, here upper, side 5Li, of a common central portion 5L.
- the central portion 5L separate openings are provided for the end tips of the respective arm sections 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L.
- FIG. 12A illustrates still another antenna arrangement 95 according to the invention. It comprises three arm sections 1M, 2M, 3M with a common triangular central portion 5M.
- the arm sections 1M, 2M, 3M comprise symmetrically tapering sections ending with a tip, which are bent backwards onto a first side 5Mi, of the common central portion 5M, the tips pointing towards the center of the central portion and ending at a slight distance from each other and at a slight perpendicular distance from said upper side 5Mi .
- Connector pins 6Mi, 6M 2 , 6M 3 connect the end tips, here via separate openings in the central portion 5M, with conductors (not shown) located on a second side, opposite to said first side, of the central portion.
- Connectors may be provided as coaxial contacts on one or more side edges of the central portion or in any other convenient manner as discussed with reference to the other illustrated embodiments.
- a particularly compact antenna with a low or substantially no coupling between ports can be provided, e.g. suitable for wall mounting.
- the arrangements shown in Figs. 11, 12, 12A may also be provided as double sided arrangements, i.e. with two such arrangements arranged back-to-back e.g. for mounting on a mast or similar, hence providing for spherical coverage instead of a hemispherical coverage.
- Fig. 13 schematically illustrates an implementation in which an arrangement 100 comprising eight separate antenna elements, for example similar to the arm sections described with reference to Fig. 10, via a mounting element 110 is mounted on the top of a mast 101. Connectors llKi, IIK 2 ,...
- Fig 13A is a schematic view from above of the arrangement 100 shown in Fig. 13.
- antennas with multiple ports are provided which are suitable for MIMO systems, and which are highly uncoupled (such that variations on channels will be different, avoiding that all channels have a low level at the same time) . It is particularly an advantage that an antenna arrangement is provided which is easy to fabricate, mount and control, particularly an UWB-antenna (ultra-wideband) .
- a MIMO antenna which is very small can be made, in some embodiments it may have dimensions corresponding to a cube with an edge length smaller than one third of the lowest operating frequency. It is also an advantage that an antenna arrangement is provided which has a low correlation between different antenna ports when it is used in a statistical field environment with multiphath, e.g. as low as 0.1 over 0.4-16 GHz in an arrangement with four arm sections (antenna elements) although they are located very close to one another. Such a low correlation can be assured by designing the multi-port antenna for having low mutual coupling measured between its ports (i.e. S-parameters S mn , scattering parameters, smaller than typically - 10 dB) .
- a large angular coverage can be provided, by all ports together, for example 360° for some implementations, or that antenna elements easily and flexibly can be arranged so as to together provide a desired angular coverage when the received voltages on all ports are combined digitally by a so called MIMO algorithm.
- An example of such an algorithm is Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) .
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/435,301 US9935373B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2013-09-30 | Self-grounded antenna arrangement |
KR1020157012888A KR101981368B1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2013-09-30 | A self-grounded antenna arrangement |
CN201380053916.7A CN105027353B (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2013-09-30 | From grounded antenna structure |
JP2015536743A JP6240202B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2013-09-30 | Self-grounding antenna device |
EP13846534.9A EP2907196A4 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2013-09-30 | A self-grounded antenna arrangement |
HK16104916.5A HK1216942A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-04-29 | A self-grounded antenna arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SE1251166-3 | 2012-10-15 | ||
SE1251166 | 2012-10-15 |
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WO2014062112A1 true WO2014062112A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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PCT/SE2013/051130 WO2014062112A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2013-09-30 | A self-grounded antenna arrangement |
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US (1) | US9935373B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2907196A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6240202B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101981368B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105027353B (en) |
HK (1) | HK1216942A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014062112A1 (en) |
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WO2017086855A1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-26 | Gapwaves Ab | A self-grounded surface mountable bowtie antenna arrangement, an antenna petal and a fabrication method |
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US10720709B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2020-07-21 | Gapwaves Ab | Self-grounded surface mountable bowtie antenna arrangement, an antenna petal and a fabrication method |
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US11088768B2 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2021-08-10 | Ranlos Ab | Method and apparatus for testing wireless communication to vehicles |
US10978813B2 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2021-04-13 | Gapwaves Ab | Bowtie antenna arrangement |
WO2018156063A1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Gapwaves Ab | A bowtie antenna arrangement |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2907196A1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
EP2907196A4 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
KR20150070356A (en) | 2015-06-24 |
JP6240202B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
CN105027353A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
JP2015531577A (en) | 2015-11-02 |
US20150380826A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
HK1216942A1 (en) | 2016-12-09 |
US9935373B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 |
KR101981368B1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
CN105027353B (en) | 2018-03-30 |
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