WO2014060830A1 - Method and device for plasticising a plastic material - Google Patents

Method and device for plasticising a plastic material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014060830A1
WO2014060830A1 PCT/IB2013/002326 IB2013002326W WO2014060830A1 WO 2014060830 A1 WO2014060830 A1 WO 2014060830A1 IB 2013002326 W IB2013002326 W IB 2013002326W WO 2014060830 A1 WO2014060830 A1 WO 2014060830A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
sleeve
axis
sheath
plastic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/002326
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Glauco E. CURETTI
Elie Ruben CURETTI
Original Assignee
Altacom Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Altacom Sa filed Critical Altacom Sa
Publication of WO2014060830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014060830A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/422—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw sections co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the wall of the surrounding casing
    • B29B7/423—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw sections co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the wall of the surrounding casing and oscillating axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/424—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with conical screw surrounded by conical casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/50—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with rotary casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/47—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using screws
    • B29C45/50—Axially movable screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/361—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die with the barrel or with a part thereof rotating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/45—Axially movable screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
    • B29C48/525—Conical screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/635—Eccentrically rotating screws; Screws revolving around an axis other than their central axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/84—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders by heating or cooling the feeding screws
    • B29C48/845—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92552—Frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92571—Position, e.g. linear or angular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/387—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using a screw extruder and a gear pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/84—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders by heating or cooling the feeding screws
    • B29C48/85—Cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the plasticization, that is to say the setting in condition of temperature, fluidity, viscosity, homogeneity, of plastic material for the realization then of finished objects by extrusion, injection, or blow molding.
  • This conditioning or plasticizing of the plastic material used is usually carried out either by extrusion or by calendering with an adjustment of the temperature and the speed of rotation of the screw respectively of the cylinders. .
  • the necessary and optimum compressive and shearing forces for each plastic material and particular application are determined mainly by the specific profile of the screw (or screws in the case of twin screw extruders) employed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plasticizing process combining the respective advantages of extrusion and calendering to prepare the plasticized material both for the manufacture of profiles with a die, as for the manufacture of finished objects by injection with injection molds or for feeding a calender for the production of films, sheets or plates.
  • Another object of the present invention is to propose a method of plastic plasticization which makes it possible, in addition to modifying the rotational speeds and the plasticization temperature, to modify the compression of the material as well as the shear forces applied to this material. during its mixing to be able to deal with several applications and types of plastic with the same equipment.
  • the subject of the present invention is a plastic plasticizing process characterized by the fact that plastic raw material is introduced between a sheath and a rotor located inside the sheath each having at least one conical portion; that rotates the rotor around its axis to a constant or variable speed V1 determined according to the plastic material to be laminated; that the axial position of the rotor with respect to the sheath is controlled as a function of the material to be laminated; and adjusting the lateral distance d between the axis of the rotor and the axis of the sheath according to the application and the material to be laminated.
  • Heating and / or cooling of the rotor Heating and / or cooling of the rotor.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for plastic plasticization as defined in claim 7.
  • the attached drawing illustrates schematically and by way of example a schematic diagram of the various possibilities offered by the method and plastic plasticizing device according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional diagram of a plastic plasticizing device, in particular for the implementation of the method.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of the plasticizer illustrated in Figure 1, the rotor being centered in the sheath.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional diagram of the device shown in Figure 1 the rotor being eccentric with respect to the sheath.
  • Figures 4 to 7 schematically illustrate different positions of the rotor in the sheath.
  • Figure 8 partially illustrates a particular embodiment of the rotor.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate schematically different rotor positions in the sheath of a compact variant of the plasticizer.
  • the present method of plastic plasticizing aims to increase the number of parameters influencing the plasticization of the plastic material that can be modified or adjusted during operation during plasticization.
  • the following operations are carried out: is introduced, for example by gravity, with the aid of a hopper, or by a cascading extruder, preferably granulated plastic material or powder, between the inner wall of a sheath having a conical portion opening on a outlet orifice of the material and the outer wall of a rotor having a conical portion housed inside the sleeve.
  • a cascading extruder preferably granulated plastic material or powder
  • the rotor is rotated about its axis at a determined speed V1 constant or variable depending on the material to be laminated.
  • This control may consist in adjusting the axial relative position of the rotor relative to the sheath at a fixed value or in driving the rotor axially in a reciprocating movement F1 of a determined amplitude relative to the sheath.
  • the sheath and / or the rotor are heated to a determined operating temperature and adapted to the material to be laminated.
  • the rotor is heated and / or cooled to bring it to a desired temperature.
  • the rotor when the rotor is eccentric with respect to the sheath, it is possible to rotate the axis of the rotor in one direction or the other around the axis of the sheath at a constant or variable speed V3 determined by the plastic material.
  • the rotor can be vibrated to enhance the plasticization of the plastic and to achieve compaction.
  • All these parameters can be preset for a specific material to be laminated or, on the contrary, be modified during the operation of the plasticization according to a predetermined program or not according to the material to be laminated.
  • the plastifying plastic is kneaded, subjected to compressions and / or adjustable shearing forces, and possibly vibrated, allowing optimum plasticization of the material which, at the output of the laminator has the minimum of internal tensions and a maximum homogeneity.
  • the speed of rotation of the rotor on itself and the speed of rotation of the axis of the rotor relative to the axis of the sleeve can in particular be adjusted so that the outer wall of the rotor rolls without sliding on the inner wall of scabbard.
  • a film of plasticized material serves as a lubricant between the walls of the sleeve and the rotor.
  • the plastic material thus plasticized is capable of being extruded, molded, injected or blown to produce an object having the least possible internal tension and therefore an optimum quality.
  • one or more portions (on the conical part or not) of the rotor of a screw profile with pitch and / or depths variable or not can also be arranged that the present plastification device is cascaded through the outlet of an extruder.
  • Profiles of the rotor surface may have decompression zones to allow decompression of the plasticized mass and gas or moisture output and / or extraction produced during plasticization by heating, compressing, and kneading.
  • the outer face of the rotor may be provided on the outer surface of the rotor grooves, ridges or capillary channels forming with the inner surface of the sheath outlet passages of the plasticized material to adjust the fineness of plasticization or the fluidity of the plasticized material.
  • These grooves or grooves may have a smaller and smaller variable section towards the end of the rotor to limit the passage to the best plasticized material.
  • the rotor is free to rotate about its axis and that its outer surface is applied against the inner surface of the sleeve.
  • the axis of the rotor is then driven around the axis of the sleeve obtaining a bearing of the rotor on the inner surface of the sleeve. This gives the effect of a shear-free compression of the material to be laminated.
  • the plastic material to be plasticized is introduced inside a sleeve 1 by a hopper 2.
  • the introduction of the plastic material into the device of FIG. plastification is done by gravity, by a screw hopper or by introduction under pressure.
  • This plastic material is housed in the space 3 separating the sleeve from the rotor 4.
  • the sleeve 1 and the rotor 4 both comprise at least one conical portion preferably, but not necessarily, the same angle along the conical portion .
  • the initial part of the rotor 4 is, in the example shown, provided on its periphery with a thread to contribute during its rotation to advance the plastic material introduced by the hopper 2 towards the outlet orifice 5 of the sheath 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a section of FIG. 1 along the line I - I. In this position, the axis of the rotor 4 is coaxial, and therefore merged, with the axis of the sheath 1.
  • the axis of the rotor 4 has been shifted parallel to itself by a distance d to modify the configuration of the space 3 located between the sheath 1 and the rotor 4, the rotor is off-center compared to the sheath.
  • Such a configuration makes it possible, for the plastification of plastics material, to adjust beforehand or to modify during plastification the following parameters: the temperature of the rotor 4 and the sleeve 1, by means of heating or cooling means, the direction and the rotational speed V1 of the rotor 4 about its axis by means of means for rotating the rotor, the axial position of the rotor 4 inside the sleeve 1 which modifies the volume of the space 3 between the rotor 4 and the sheath 1.
  • a reciprocating movement F1 of the rotor in the sheath may thus be caused by means making it possible to move the rotor axially relative to the sheath, the offset or eccentricity d of the axis of the rotor 4 relative to the axis of the sheath 1 by means of eccentric means, the direction of rotation and the rotation speed V3 of the axis of the rotor 4 about the axis of the rotor sleeve 1 using means for rotating the rotor axis about the axis of the sleeve,
  • the plasticized plastic material delivered by the outlet orifice 5 of the sheath 1 is either directly extruded by a die to obtain profiles or directly introduced into one or more forming molds or preformed by injection to obtain preforms which can then be blown, reworked or stored.
  • the plasticized plastic material delivered through the outlet port 5 of the sheath 1 can feed a gear pump to deliver a continuous and constant or discontinuous flow of plastic material.
  • the outer surface of the rotor 4 may have hollow profiling and bumps. This outer surface of the rotor 4 may also comprise profiled or threaded zones alternating with smooth zones.
  • the terminal portion of the rotor 4 may comprise an outer surface provided with capillary channels or grooves.
  • tapered portions of the rotor 4 and the sheath 1 may have identical or different angles.
  • This plasticizing device is extremely versatile because it makes it possible to modify, especially during the plasticization, many parameters influencing the plasticization of the plastics material, in particular a number of variable parameters more important than a calender or a conventional normal extruder, and this with a single machine relatively simple and can handle many raw materials without structural changes such as the exchange of extrusion screws.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram showing the rotor 4 concentric with the sheath 1 in a given axial position. Following the cutting line 11, the outer surface a of the rotor 4 is concentric with the inner surface b of the sheath 1.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram in which, with respect to FIG. 4, the rotor 4 has been displaced axially in the direction of the outlet orifice 5 of the sleeve 1, the space 3 between the conical parts of the rotor and of the sleeve has therefore decreases.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram in which the axis of the rotor 4 has been eccentric with respect to the sleeve, the sleeve and the rotor occupying the same axial position as in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a position of the rotor for which one of the generatrices of its outer surface is substantially in contact with a generatrix of the inner wall b of the sheath (rolling conditions of the rotor inside the sheath).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the rotor whose outer surface has different zones of conicity and / or zones having a thread and / or other special profile.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate the rotor 4 and the sleeve 1 of a compact variant of the plasticizer in relative positions similar to those illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
  • the angle at the top of the conical portion of the sleeve and the rotor is larger than in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 8.
  • the diameter of the sleeve 1 and the rotor 4 is larger and the length of their conical portion smaller.
  • the length of the plasticizing device can be reduced especially with respect to traditional extruders. In this way the risk of deflection of the rotor 4 under the action of the high pressures involved are reduced or avoided.
  • the length of the conical portion of the sheath and the rotor is smaller than the largest diameter of these respective conical portions, which is not the case in the embodiment of the plasticizing device described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for plasticising a plastic material, in which a first plastic material is inserted between a cylinder (1) and a rotor (4) each having a tapering portion, and the rotor is rotated about the axis thereof at a constant or variable speed predetermined in accordance with the plastic material to be plasticised. The rotor can rotate about the axis thereof and the rotor shaft can be rotated about the axis of the cylinder. The invention also relates to a device for plasticising a plastic material comprising a cylinder (1) and a rotor (4) each comprising a tapering portion. The cylinder has an outlet opening (5). The device further comprises a means for rotating the rotor (4) about the axis thereof and the rotor shaft (4) about the axis of the cylinder (1).

Description

Procédé et dispositif de plastification de matière plastique  Method and device for plastifying plastics
La présente invention se rapporte à la plastification, c'est-à-dire la mise en condition de température, fluidité, viscosité, homogénéité, de matière plastique en vue de la réalisation ensuite d'objets finis par extrusion, injection, ou soufflage. The present invention relates to the plasticization, that is to say the setting in condition of temperature, fluidity, viscosity, homogeneity, of plastic material for the realization then of finished objects by extrusion, injection, or blow molding.
Cette mise en condition ou plastification de la matière plastique utilisée, se présentant généralement sous forme de granulé ou de poudre, est habituellement effectuée soit par extrusion soit par calandrage avec un réglage de la température et de la vitesse de rotation de la vis respectivement des cylindres.  This conditioning or plasticizing of the plastic material used, generally in the form of a granule or a powder, is usually carried out either by extrusion or by calendering with an adjustment of the temperature and the speed of rotation of the screw respectively of the cylinders. .
Suivant la nature de la matière plastique utilisée on doit pouvoir régler la température mais également choisir et déterminer le mode de malaxage mécanique utilisé et notamment déterminer les forces de compression et de cisaillement qui sont appliquées à la matière plastique à plastifier.  Depending on the nature of the plastic used it must be possible to adjust the temperature but also choose and determine the mechanical mixing mode used and in particular determine the compression and shear forces that are applied to the plastic material to be laminated.
Lorsque l'on plastifie la matière plastique par extrusion il est possible, pendant la plastification, de modifier la vitesse de rotation de la vis et la température de plastification en réglant la température des zones du cylindre et dans une certaine mesure la compression et les forces de cisaillement à laquelle est soumise la matière plastique en variant la vitesse de rotation de la ou des vis d'extrusion.  When the plastic is plasticized by extrusion it is possible, during the plasticization, to modify the rotational speed of the screw and the temperature of plasticization by regulating the temperature of the zones of the cylinder and to a certain extent the compression and the forces of shear to which the plastic is subjected by varying the speed of rotation of the extrusion screw or screws.
Les forces de compression et de cisaillement nécessaires et optimales pour chaque matière plastique et application particulière sont déterminées surtout par le profil spécifique de la vis (ou des vis dans le cas des extrudeuses à deux vis) employées.  The necessary and optimum compressive and shearing forces for each plastic material and particular application are determined mainly by the specific profile of the screw (or screws in the case of twin screw extruders) employed.
L'éventuelle nécessité de changer de vis et réglages pour chaque application spécifique entraîne évidemment des surcoûts de production. Ainsi, l'outillage de plastification est onéreux, il faut plusieurs jeux de vis de plastification, et la production d'une machine est réduite du fait de l'arrêt de production pendant  The possible need to change screws and settings for each specific application obviously leads to additional production costs. Thus, the plasticizing equipment is expensive, it requires several sets of plastic screws, and the production of a machine is reduced because of the stop production during
CONFIRMATION C0PY le changement de vis de plastification en fonction de l'application spécifique et de la matière plastique à plastifier. CONFIRMATION C0PY the change of plasticizing screw according to the specific application and the plastic material to be laminated.
Lorsque l'on plastifie la matière plastique par calandrage on peut, pendant le fonctionnement régler la température des cylindres de la calandre, régler la vitesse de rotation des cylindres, régler la vitesse relative tangentielle (avec des vitesses différentes des cylindres ) mais on peut également modifier la pression exercée sur la matière en rapprochant ou éloignant les cylindres de la calandre (changement de la fente ou interspace). Par la combinaison de ces réglages indépendants on peut influer sur les forces de compression et de cisaillement exercées sur la matière plastique.  When the plastic is plasticized by calendering, it is possible, during operation, to adjust the temperature of the rolls of the calender, to regulate the speed of rotation of the rolls, to adjust the relative tangential speed (with different speeds of the rolls), but it is also possible to modify the pressure exerted on the material by bringing the cylinders closer to or away from the calandria (change of the slot or interspace). By the combination of these independent adjustments it is possible to influence the compressive and shear forces exerted on the plastic material.
Les limitations du calandrage sont par contre que les produits finis qui peuvent être obtenus directement sont limités à des objets plans continus, tels que plaques, feuilles et films.  The limitations of calendering, on the other hand, are that the finished products that can be obtained directly are limited to continuous planar objects, such as plates, sheets and films.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de plastification combinant les avantages respectifs de l'extrusion et du calandrage pour préparer la matière plastique plastifiée aussi bien pour la fabrication de profilés avec une filière, que pour la fabrication d'objets finis par injection avec des moules d'injection ou encore pour l'alimentation d'une calandre pour la fabrication de films, feuilles ou plaques.  The object of the present invention is to provide a plasticizing process combining the respective advantages of extrusion and calendering to prepare the plasticized material both for the manufacture of profiles with a die, as for the manufacture of finished objects by injection with injection molds or for feeding a calender for the production of films, sheets or plates.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de plastification de matière plastique permettant, en plus de modifier les vitesses de rotation et la température de plastification, de modifier la compression de la matière ainsi que les forces de cisaillement appliquées à cette matière pendant son malaxage pour pouvoir avec un même équipement traiter plusieurs applications et types de matière plastique.  Another object of the present invention is to propose a method of plastic plasticization which makes it possible, in addition to modifying the rotational speeds and the plasticization temperature, to modify the compression of the material as well as the shear forces applied to this material. during its mixing to be able to deal with several applications and types of plastic with the same equipment.
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de plastification de matière plastique caractérisé par le fait qu'on introduit de la matière première plastique entre un fourreau et un rotor situé à l'intérieur du fourreau présentant chacun au moins une portion conique; qu'on entraîne en rotation le rotor autour de son axe à une vitesse V1 constante ou variable déterminée en fonction de la matière plastique à plastifier; qu'on contrôle la position axiale du rotor par rapport au fourreau en fonction de la matière à plastifier; et qu'on ajuste la distance latérale d entre l'axe du rotor et l'axe du fourreau en fonction de l'application et la matière à plastifier. The subject of the present invention is a plastic plasticizing process characterized by the fact that plastic raw material is introduced between a sheath and a rotor located inside the sheath each having at least one conical portion; that rotates the rotor around its axis to a constant or variable speed V1 determined according to the plastic material to be laminated; that the axial position of the rotor with respect to the sheath is controlled as a function of the material to be laminated; and adjusting the lateral distance d between the axis of the rotor and the axis of the sheath according to the application and the material to be laminated.
Dans différentes formes d'exécution et fonctionnement le procédé peut encore comprendre les opérations suivantes :  In different embodiments and operation the method may further comprise the following operations:
La rotation du fourreau dans un sens ou l'autre à une vitesse V2 déterminée ou réglable.  The rotation of the sheath in one direction or the other at a determined or adjustable speed V2.
La rotation de l'axe du rotor parallèlement à lui-même autour de l'axe du fourreau à une vitesse V3 déterminée et réglable.  The rotation of the axis of the rotor parallel to itself around the axis of the sheath at a determined and adjustable speed V3.
Le chauffage du fourreau.  The heating of the sheath.
Le chauffage et/ou le refroidissement du rotor.  Heating and / or cooling of the rotor.
La mise en vibration du rotor.  The vibration of the rotor.
La présente invention a également pour objet un dispositif pour la plastification de matière plastique tel que défini à la revendication 7.  The present invention also relates to a device for plastic plasticization as defined in claim 7.
Le dessin annexé illustre schématiquement et à titre d'exemple un schéma de principe des différentes possibilités qu'offrent le procédé et le dispositif de plastification de matière plastique selon l'invention.  The attached drawing illustrates schematically and by way of example a schematic diagram of the various possibilities offered by the method and plastic plasticizing device according to the invention.
La figure 1 est un schéma en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif de plastification de matière plastique, notamment pour la mise en œuvre du procédé.  Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional diagram of a plastic plasticizing device, in particular for the implementation of the method.
La figure 2 est un schéma en coupe transversale du dispositif de plastification illustré à la figure 1 , le rotor étant centré dans le fourreau.  Figure 2 is a cross-sectional diagram of the plasticizer illustrated in Figure 1, the rotor being centered in the sheath.
La figure 3 est un schéma en coupe du dispositif illustré à la figure 1 le rotor étant excentré par rapport au fourreau.  Figure 3 is a sectional diagram of the device shown in Figure 1 the rotor being eccentric with respect to the sheath.
Les figures 4 à 7 illustrent schématiquement différentes positions du rotor dans le fourreau.  Figures 4 to 7 schematically illustrate different positions of the rotor in the sheath.
La figure 8 illustre partiellement une exécution particulière du rotor. Les figures 9, 10 et 11 illustrent schématiquement différentes positions du rotor dans le fourreau d'une variante compacte du dispositif de plastification. Figure 8 partially illustrates a particular embodiment of the rotor. Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate schematically different rotor positions in the sheath of a compact variant of the plasticizer.
Le présent procédé de plastification de matière plastique, vise à augmenter le nombre de paramètres influençant la plastification de la matière plastique pouvant être modifiés ou réglés pendant le fonctionnement en cours de plastification. The present method of plastic plasticizing aims to increase the number of parameters influencing the plasticization of the plastic material that can be modified or adjusted during operation during plasticization.
Selon le présent procédé de plastification de matière plastique on procède aux opérations suivantes : . on introduit, par exemple par gravité, à l'aide d'une trémie, ou par une extrudeuse en cascade, de la matière plastique de préférence granulée ou en poudre, entre la paroi intérieure d'un fourreau présentant une partie conique débouchant sur un orifice de sortie de la matière et la paroi extérieure d'un rotor présentant une partie conique logée à l'intérieur du fourreau.  According to the present plastic plasticizing process, the following operations are carried out: is introduced, for example by gravity, with the aid of a hopper, or by a cascading extruder, preferably granulated plastic material or powder, between the inner wall of a sheath having a conical portion opening on a outlet orifice of the material and the outer wall of a rotor having a conical portion housed inside the sleeve.
2. on entraîne en rotation le rotor autour de son axe à une vitesse V1 déterminée, constante ou variable en fonction de la matière à plastifier. 2. the rotor is rotated about its axis at a determined speed V1 constant or variable depending on the material to be laminated.
3. on déplace axialement suivant la flèche F1 le rotor parallèlement à son axe par rapport au fourreau pour modifier l'espace situé entre les portions coniques du rotor et du fourreau et contrôle leur position axiale relative en fonction de la matière plastique à plastifier. Ce contrôle peut consister à ajuster la position relative axiale du rotor par rapport au fourreau à une valeur fixe ou à entraîner le rotor axialement dans un mouvement de va-et-vient F1 d'une amplitude déterminée par rapport au fourreau. on chauffe le fourreau et/ou le rotor à une température de fonctionnement déterminée et adaptée à la matière à plastifier. on chauffe et/ou refroidit le rotor pour le porter à une température désirée. 3. axially displaced along the arrow F1 the rotor parallel to its axis relative to the sleeve to change the space between the conical portions of the rotor and the sleeve and controls their relative axial position according to the plastic material to be laminated. This control may consist in adjusting the axial relative position of the rotor relative to the sheath at a fixed value or in driving the rotor axially in a reciprocating movement F1 of a determined amplitude relative to the sheath. the sheath and / or the rotor are heated to a determined operating temperature and adapted to the material to be laminated. the rotor is heated and / or cooled to bring it to a desired temperature.
En plus de ces opérations qui permettent déjà de régler les paramètres indépendants suivants; In addition to these operations that already allow to adjust the following independent parameters;
- volume de matière en plastification  - volume of plastic material
- température de plastification  - plasticizing temperature
- vitesse de rotation du rotor autour de son axe (rotation primaire) V1  - speed of rotation of the rotor about its axis (primary rotation) V1
- vitesse de rotation de l'axe du rotor autour de l'axe du fourreau (rotation secondaire) V3  - speed of rotation of the rotor axis around the axis of the sleeve (secondary rotation) V3
- largeur de la fente de passage entre les surfaces coniques ou non du fourreau et du rotor.  - width of the passage slot between the conical surfaces or not of the sheath and the rotor.
- forces de compression appliquées à la matière en plastification - compressive forces applied to the plasticising material
- forces de cisaillement appliquées à la matière en plastification on peut encore selon le procédé de plastification : entraîner le fourreau en rotation dans le même sens ou dans le sens inverse de la rotation du rotor à une vitesse déterminée V2, constante ou variable, par la matière à plastifier. déplacer l'axe du rotor d'une valeur (d), parallèlement à lui-même, pour que l'espace défini entre le rotor et le fourreau ne soit pas constant en section transversale mais plus grand d'un côté du rotor que de l'autre. Ceci revient donc à modifier l'excentricité du rotor par rapport au fourreau. Ce déplacement peut être constant ou variable pendant la plastification de la matière plastique. 8. lorsque le rotor est excentré par rapport au fourreau on peut encore faire tourner l'axe du rotor, dans un sens ou dans l'autre, autour de l'axe du fourreau à une vitesse V3, constante ou variable, déterminée par la matière en plastification. 9. Le rotor peut être mis en vibration pour améliorer la plastification de la matière plastique et pour obtenir son compactage. shearing forces applied to the material in plasticization it is still possible according to the plasticization process: to drive the sheath in rotation in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the rotation of the rotor at a predetermined speed V2, constant or variable, by the material to be laminated. moving the rotor axis by a value (d), parallel to itself, so that the space defined between the rotor and the sleeve is not constant in cross section but larger on one side of the rotor rotor than the other. This therefore amounts to modifying the eccentricity of the rotor relative to the sheath. This displacement can be constant or variable during the plasticization of the plastic material. 8. when the rotor is eccentric with respect to the sheath, it is possible to rotate the axis of the rotor in one direction or the other around the axis of the sheath at a constant or variable speed V3 determined by the plastic material. 9. The rotor can be vibrated to enhance the plasticization of the plastic and to achieve compaction.
Tous ces paramètres agissent sur la façon dont la matière est malaxée pendant sa plastification et on peut obtenir avec des réglages particuliers une plastification optimale pour des matières différentes sans modifier l'agencement du dispositif de plastification, seul son programme de fonctionnement est modifié. All these parameters affect the way in which the material is kneaded during its plasticization and it is possible to obtain, with particular adjustments, optimal lamination for different materials without modifying the arrangement of the plasticizing device, only its operating program is modified.
Tous ces paramètres peuvent être préréglés pour une matière déterminée à plastifier ou au contraire être modifiés en cours de fonctionnement de la plastification selon un programme préétabli ou non en fonction de la matière à plastifier.  All these parameters can be preset for a specific material to be laminated or, on the contrary, be modified during the operation of the plasticization according to a predetermined program or not according to the material to be laminated.
Selon ce procédé la matière plastique en plastification est malaxée, soumise à des compressions et/ou des forces de cisaillement réglables, et éventuellement vibre, permettant une plastification optimale de la matière qui, à la sortie du plastificateur présente le minimum de tensions interne et un maximum d'homogénéité.  According to this method, the plastifying plastic is kneaded, subjected to compressions and / or adjustable shearing forces, and possibly vibrated, allowing optimum plasticization of the material which, at the output of the laminator has the minimum of internal tensions and a maximum homogeneity.
La vitesse de rotation du rotor sur lui-même et la vitesse de rotation de l'axe du rotor par rapport à l'axe du fourreau peuvent notamment être ajustées de façon à ce que la paroi extérieure du rotor roule sans glisser sur la paroi interne du fourreau. Un film de matière plastifiée sert de lubrifiant entre les parois du fourreau et du rotor. The speed of rotation of the rotor on itself and the speed of rotation of the axis of the rotor relative to the axis of the sleeve can in particular be adjusted so that the outer wall of the rotor rolls without sliding on the inner wall of scabbard. A film of plasticized material serves as a lubricant between the walls of the sleeve and the rotor.
La matière plastique ainsi plastifiée est apte à être extrudée, moulée, injectée ou soufflée pour la réalisation d'objet présentant le moins de tension interne possible et donc une qualité optimale.  The plastic material thus plasticized is capable of being extruded, molded, injected or blown to produce an object having the least possible internal tension and therefore an optimum quality.
Pour faciliter la propulsion de la matière plastique à plastifier entre le rotor et le fourreau de la trémie de remplissage jusqu'à l'orifice d'extraction de la matière plastifiée on peut munir une ou des portions (sur la partie conique ou pas) du rotor d'un profil de vis à pas et/ou profondeurs variables ou non. On peut aussi faire en sorte que le présent dispositif de plastification soit alimenté en cascade par la sortie d'une extrudeuse.  To facilitate the propulsion of the plastic material to be plasticized between the rotor and the sheath of the filling hopper to the extraction orifice of the plasticized material, one or more portions (on the conical part or not) of the rotor of a screw profile with pitch and / or depths variable or not. It can also be arranged that the present plastification device is cascaded through the outlet of an extruder.
Des profils de la surface du rotor peuvent présenter des zones de décompression pour permettre une décompression de la masse plastifiée et la sortie ou extraction de gaz et/ou d'humidité produits durant la plastification par chauffage, compression et malaxage.  Profiles of the rotor surface may have decompression zones to allow decompression of the plasticized mass and gas or moisture output and / or extraction produced during plasticization by heating, compressing, and kneading.
En plus des paramètres décrits ci-dessus et qui sont réglables en cours de plastification on peut également prévoir sur la face externe du rotor un profil spécifique déterminé de même que sur la face interne du fourreau. En particulier, on peut prévoir sur la surface externe du rotor des rainures, stries ou canaux capillaires formant avec la surface interne du fourreau des passages de sortie de la matière plastifiée permettant de régler la finesse de plastification ou la fluidité de la matière plastifiée. Ces stries ou rainures peuvent présenter une section variable de plus en plus petite et fine en direction de l'extrémité du rotor pour limiter le passage à la matière la mieux plastifiée.  In addition to the parameters described above and which are adjustable during plasticization, it is also possible to provide on the outer face of the rotor a specific profile determined as well as on the inner face of the sheath. In particular, may be provided on the outer surface of the rotor grooves, ridges or capillary channels forming with the inner surface of the sheath outlet passages of the plasticized material to adjust the fineness of plasticization or the fluidity of the plasticized material. These grooves or grooves may have a smaller and smaller variable section towards the end of the rotor to limit the passage to the best plasticized material.
Le but de ces différentes configurations alternatives du procédé et du dispositif est la possibilité de pouvoir reproduire à l'intérieur du dispositif (entre fourreau et rotor) les conditions de travail disponibles dans une extrudeuse et en même temps les conditions de travail disponibles dans une calandre. Ceci surtout en applicant les conditions de roulement du rotor à l'intérieur du fourreau (vitesse tangentielle 0 avec compression pure sans forces de cisaillement), les vitesses de rotation du rotor et du fourreau étant coordonnées et adaptées. The purpose of these different alternative configurations of the process and the device is the possibility of being able to reproduce inside the device (between sleeve and rotor) the working conditions available in an extruder and at the same time the working conditions available in a radiator grille. . This especially by applying the rolling conditions of the rotor inside the sheath (speed tangential 0 with pure compression without shear forces), the rotational speeds of the rotor and the sleeve being coordinated and adapted.
On peut aussi prévoir que le rotor soit libre en rotation autour de son axe et que sa surface externe soit appliquée contre la surface interne du fourreau. On entraîne alors l'axe du rotor autour de l'axe du fourreau obtenant un roulement du rotor sur la surface interne du fourreau. On obtient ainsi l'effet d'une compression sans cisaillement de la matière à plastifier.  It is also possible that the rotor is free to rotate about its axis and that its outer surface is applied against the inner surface of the sleeve. The axis of the rotor is then driven around the axis of the sleeve obtaining a bearing of the rotor on the inner surface of the sleeve. This gives the effect of a shear-free compression of the material to be laminated.
Comme on le voit sur le schéma de la figure 1 la matière plastique à plastifier, généralement granulée ou en poudre, est introduite à l'intérieur d'un fourreau 1 par une trémie 2. L'introduction de la matière plastique dans le dispositif de plastification se fait par gravité, par une trémie à vis ou par introduction sous pression. Cette matière plastique vient se loger dans l'espace 3 séparant le fourreau du rotor 4. Le fourreau 1 et le rotor 4 comportent tous deux au moins une partie conique présentant de préférence, mais non obligatoirement, le même angle le long de la partie conique. La partie initiale du rotor 4 est, dans l'exemple illustré, munie sur sa périphérie d'un filetage pour contribuer lors de sa rotation à faire avancer la matière plastique introduite par la trémie 2 en direction de l'orifice de sortie 5 du fourreau 1.  As can be seen in the diagram of FIG. 1, the plastic material to be plasticized, generally granulated or in powder form, is introduced inside a sleeve 1 by a hopper 2. The introduction of the plastic material into the device of FIG. plastification is done by gravity, by a screw hopper or by introduction under pressure. This plastic material is housed in the space 3 separating the sleeve from the rotor 4. The sleeve 1 and the rotor 4 both comprise at least one conical portion preferably, but not necessarily, the same angle along the conical portion . The initial part of the rotor 4 is, in the example shown, provided on its periphery with a thread to contribute during its rotation to advance the plastic material introduced by the hopper 2 towards the outlet orifice 5 of the sheath 1.
La figure 2 illustre une section de la figure 1 suivant la ligne I - I. Dans cette position l'axe du rotor 4 est coaxial, et donc confondu, avec l'axe du fourreau 1.  FIG. 2 illustrates a section of FIG. 1 along the line I - I. In this position, the axis of the rotor 4 is coaxial, and therefore merged, with the axis of the sheath 1.
Comme on le voit sur la figure 3 l'axe du rotor 4 a été décalé parallèlement à lui-même d'une distance d pour modifier la configuration de l'espace 3 situé entre le fourreau 1 et le rotor 4, le rotor est excentré par rapport au fourreau.  As can be seen in FIG. 3, the axis of the rotor 4 has been shifted parallel to itself by a distance d to modify the configuration of the space 3 located between the sheath 1 and the rotor 4, the rotor is off-center compared to the sheath.
Une telle configuration permet pour la plastification de matière plastique de régler préalablement ou de modifier en cours de plastification les paramètres suivants : la température du rotor 4 et du fourreau 1 , à l'aide de moyens de chauffage ou de refroidissement, le sens et la vitesse de rotation V1 du rotor 4 autour de son axe à l'aide de moyens d'entraînement en rotation du rotor, la position axiale du rotor 4 à l'intérieur du fourreau 1 ce qui modifie le volume de l'espace 3 entre le rotor 4 et le fourreau 1. Un mouvement de va-et-vient F1 du rotor dans le fourreau peut être ainsi provoqué à l'aide de moyens permettant de déplacer axialement le rotor par rapport au fourreau, le décalage ou excentricité d de l'axe du rotor 4 par rapport à l'axe du fourreau 1 à l'aide de moyens d'excentrement, le sens de rotation et la vitesse de rotation V3 de l'axe du rotor 4 autour de l'axe du fourreau 1 à l'aide de moyens d'entraînement en rotation de l'axe du rotor autour de l'axe du fourreau, Such a configuration makes it possible, for the plastification of plastics material, to adjust beforehand or to modify during plastification the following parameters: the temperature of the rotor 4 and the sleeve 1, by means of heating or cooling means, the direction and the rotational speed V1 of the rotor 4 about its axis by means of means for rotating the rotor, the axial position of the rotor 4 inside the sleeve 1 which modifies the volume of the space 3 between the rotor 4 and the sheath 1. A reciprocating movement F1 of the rotor in the sheath may thus be caused by means making it possible to move the rotor axially relative to the sheath, the offset or eccentricity d of the axis of the rotor 4 relative to the axis of the sheath 1 by means of eccentric means, the direction of rotation and the rotation speed V3 of the axis of the rotor 4 about the axis of the rotor sleeve 1 using means for rotating the rotor axis about the axis of the sleeve,
A ces réglages peut être ajouté (éventuellement) le réglage (indépendant) du sens et de la vitesse de rotation V2 du fourreau 1 autour de son axe à l'aide de moyens d'entraînement du fourreau en rotation autour de son axe, des moyens de mise en vibration du rotor peuvent être prévus pour vibrer la matière plastique en cours de plastification. To these adjustments may be added (optionally) the adjustment (independent) of the direction and the rotational speed V2 of the sleeve 1 about its axis by means of means for driving the sleeve in rotation about its axis, means vibration of the rotor may be provided to vibrate the plastic material during plasticization.
On peut ainsi modifier presque à l'infini la combinaison des paramètres définissant le mode de malaxage et de préparation de la matière plastique pour sa plastification. On peut notamment combiner les effets de compression, de laminage, de compactage et appliquer à la matière des forces de cisaillement de manière à obtenir un malaxage optimal pour la plastification de nombreuses matières plastiques différentes. It is thus possible to modify almost infinitely the combination of the parameters defining the method of kneading and preparation of the plastic material for its plasticization. In particular, it is possible to combine the effects of compression, rolling, compacting and applying shearing forces to the material so as to achieve optimum mixing for the plasticization of many different plastics.
La matière plastique plastifiée délivrée par l'orifice de sortie 5 du fourreau 1 est soit directement extrudée par une filière pour obtenir des profilés soit directement introduite dans un ou plusieurs moules de formage soit préformée par injection pour obtenir des préformes qui peuvent ensuite être soufflées, retravaillées ou stockées.  The plasticized plastic material delivered by the outlet orifice 5 of the sheath 1 is either directly extruded by a die to obtain profiles or directly introduced into one or more forming molds or preformed by injection to obtain preforms which can then be blown, reworked or stored.
La matière plastique plastifiée délivrée par l'orifice de sortie 5 du fourreau 1 peut alimenter une pompe à engrenage pour délivrer un flux continu et constant ou discontinu de matière plastifiée.  The plasticized plastic material delivered through the outlet port 5 of the sheath 1 can feed a gear pump to deliver a continuous and constant or discontinuous flow of plastic material.
La surface externe du rotor 4 peut présenter un profilage en creux et bosses. Cette surface externe du rotor 4 peut également comporter des zones profilées ou filetées alternant avec des zones lisses. La portion terminale du rotor 4 peut comporter une surface externe munie de canaux ou rainures capillaires.  The outer surface of the rotor 4 may have hollow profiling and bumps. This outer surface of the rotor 4 may also comprise profiled or threaded zones alternating with smooth zones. The terminal portion of the rotor 4 may comprise an outer surface provided with capillary channels or grooves.
Enfin, les parties coniques du rotor 4 et du fourreau 1 peuvent comporter des angles identiques ou différents.  Finally, the tapered portions of the rotor 4 and the sheath 1 may have identical or different angles.
Ce dispositif de plastification est extrêmement polyvalent car il permet de modifier, surtout pendant la plastification, de nombreux paramètres influençant la plastification de la matière plastique, notamment un nombre de paramètres variables plus important qu'une calandre ou qu'une extrudeuse normale traditionnelle, et ceci avec une seule machine relativement simple et pouvant traiter de nombreuses matières premières sans modification structurelle telles que l'échange de vis d'extrusion.  This plasticizing device is extremely versatile because it makes it possible to modify, especially during the plasticization, many parameters influencing the plasticization of the plastics material, in particular a number of variable parameters more important than a calender or a conventional normal extruder, and this with a single machine relatively simple and can handle many raw materials without structural changes such as the exchange of extrusion screws.
La figure 4 illustre un schéma représentant le rotor 4 concentrique au fourreau 1 dans une position axiale déterminée. Suivant la ligne de coupe l-l la surface extérieure a du rotor 4 est concentrique à la surface intérieure b du fourreau 1. La figure 5 illustre un schéma où, par rapport à la figure 4, le rotor 4 a été déplacé axialement en direction de l'orifice de sortie 5 du fourreau 1 , l'espace 3 entre les parties coniques du rotor et du fourreau a donc diminué. FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram showing the rotor 4 concentric with the sheath 1 in a given axial position. Following the cutting line 11, the outer surface a of the rotor 4 is concentric with the inner surface b of the sheath 1. FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram in which, with respect to FIG. 4, the rotor 4 has been displaced axially in the direction of the outlet orifice 5 of the sleeve 1, the space 3 between the conical parts of the rotor and of the sleeve has therefore decreases.
La figure 6 illustre un schéma où l'axe du rotor 4 a été excentré par rapport au fourreau, le fourreau et le rotor occupant la même position axiale qu'à la figure 4.  FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram in which the axis of the rotor 4 has been eccentric with respect to the sleeve, the sleeve and the rotor occupying the same axial position as in FIG. 4.
La figure 7 illustre une position du rotor pour laquelle une des génératrices de sa surface extérieure est pratiquement en contact avec une génératrice de la paroi interne b du fourreau (conditions de roulement du rotor à l'intérieur du fourreau).  FIG. 7 illustrates a position of the rotor for which one of the generatrices of its outer surface is substantially in contact with a generatrix of the inner wall b of the sheath (rolling conditions of the rotor inside the sheath).
La figure 8 illustre une exécution du rotor dont la surface extérieure présente des zones de conicité différentes et/ou des zones présentant un filetage et/ou autre profil spécial.  FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the rotor whose outer surface has different zones of conicity and / or zones having a thread and / or other special profile.
Les figures 9, 10 et 11 illustrent le rotor 4 et le fourreau 1 d'une variante compacte du dispositif de plastification dans des positions relatives semblables à celles illustrées aux Figures 4, 5 et 6. Dans cette variante du dispositif de plastification l'angle au sommet de la partie conique du fourreau et du rotor est plus grand que dans la forme d'exécution illustrée aux figures 1 à 8. De cette façon le diamètre du fourreau 1 et du rotor 4 est plus grand et la longueur de leur partie conique plus petite. Ainsi la longueur du dispositif de plastification peut être réduite notamment par rapport aux extrudeuses traditionnelles. De cette façon les risques de fléchissement du rotor 4 sous l'action des fortes pressions mises en jeu sont réduits ou évités. Dans cette variante la longueur de la portion conique du fourreau et du rotor est plus petite que le plus grand diamètre de ces portions coniques respectives ce qui n'est pas le cas dans la forme d'exécution du dispositif de plastification décrit en rapport aux figures 1 à 8.  Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate the rotor 4 and the sleeve 1 of a compact variant of the plasticizer in relative positions similar to those illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6. In this variant of the plasticizing device the angle at the top of the conical portion of the sleeve and the rotor is larger than in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 8. In this way the diameter of the sleeve 1 and the rotor 4 is larger and the length of their conical portion smaller. Thus the length of the plasticizing device can be reduced especially with respect to traditional extruders. In this way the risk of deflection of the rotor 4 under the action of the high pressures involved are reduced or avoided. In this variant, the length of the conical portion of the sheath and the rotor is smaller than the largest diameter of these respective conical portions, which is not the case in the embodiment of the plasticizing device described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.
Quelles que soient les réalisations du dispositif de plastification décrit on peut toujours faire en sorte que les vitesses de rotation du fourreau 1 et du rotor 4 soient choisies pour que le rotor roule à l'intérieur du fourreau reproduisant de cette façon un malaxage de la matière semblable à ce qui se passe dans une boudineuse et/ou une calandre tout en permettant de délivrer la matière plastifiée à travers une filière permettant de réaliser des profilés extrudés. Whatever the embodiments of the plasticizing device described, it is always possible to ensure that the speeds of rotation of the sleeve 1 and the rotor 4 are chosen so that the rotor rolls inside the sleeve reproducing this way kneading the material similar to what happens in an extruder and / or a calender while allowing to deliver the plasticized material through a die for producing extruded profiles.
Ainsi avec le présent procédé et le dispositif de plastification pour sa mise en oeuvre on peut obtenir des conditions de malaxage particulières de la matière en jouant sur la force de cisaillement et de compression grâce à la possibilité de régler séparément les deux vitesses de rotation (1. autorotation du rotor autour de son axe et 2. rotation de l'axe du rotor autour de l'axe du stator (fourreau)). En réglant ces deux vitesses de rotation, on peut faire rouler le rotor sur la surface interne du stator avec comme résultat, compression sans forces de cisaillement de la matière due à une différence de vitesse zéro sur la ligne de contact.  Thus, with the present method and the plasticizing device for its implementation, it is possible to obtain particular mixing conditions of the material by acting on the shearing and compressive force, thanks to the possibility of adjusting the two rotation speeds separately (1 autorotation of the rotor around its axis and 2. rotation of the axis of the rotor around the axis of the stator (sheath)). By adjusting these two rotational speeds, the rotor can be rolled on the inner surface of the stator resulting in compression without shear forces of the material due to a zero velocity difference on the nip.
On peut donc reproduire des conditions semblables à celles obtenues par une calandre, et créer un système qui peut fournir et délivrer la matière plastique à l'état fondu à une filière et produire directement un profil alors que les calandres normales peuvent seulement produire des objets plans (films, plaques, etc), et des masses fondues prêtes pour des opérations successives.  We can therefore reproduce conditions similar to those obtained by a calender, and create a system that can supply and deliver the plastic material in the molten state to a die and directly produce a profile whereas normal calandria can only produce flat objects (films, plates, etc.), and melts ready for successive operations.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de plastification de matière plastique, caractérisé par le fait qu'on introduit de la matière première plastique entre un fourreau (1) et un rotor (4) situé à l'intérieur du fourreau (1) présentant chacun au moins une portion conique, le fourreau présentant un orifice de sortie; qu'on entraîne en rotation le rotor autour de son axe à une vitesse constante ou variable déterminée en fonction de la matière plastique à plastifier. 1. A method of plastic plasticization, characterized in that the plastic raw material is introduced between a sleeve (1) and a rotor (4) located inside the sleeve (1) each having at least one portion conical, the sheath having an outlet port; that the rotor is rotated about its axis at a constant or variable speed determined according to the plastic material to be plasticized.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé par le fait qu'on modifie et/ou contrôle la position axiale du rotor (4) par rapport au fourreau (1) en fonction de la matière à plastifier. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that modifies and / or controls the axial position of the rotor (4) relative to the sheath (1) depending on the material to be plasticized.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'on modifie et/ou règle la distance (d) séparant l'axe du rotor (4) de l'axe du fourreau (1) en fonction de la matière à plastifier. 3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that modifies and / or adjusts the distance (d) separating the axis of the rotor (4) from the axis of the sleeve (1) as a function of the material to be laminated.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'on entraîne en rotation l'axe du rotor (4) autour de l'axe du fourreau (1). 4. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that rotates the axis of the rotor (4) about the axis of the sleeve (1).
5. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'on déplace axialement dans un mouvement de va-et-vient le rotor (4) dans le fourreau (1) à une vitesse et une amplitude déterminée en fonction de la matière plastique à plastifier. 5. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it moves axially in a movement back and forth the rotor (4) in the sleeve (1) at a speed and an amplitude determined according to the plastic material to laminate.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'on chauffe le fourreau (1). 6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheath (1) is heated.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'on chauffe ou refroidit le rotor (4). 7. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (4) is heated or cooled.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'on entraîne en rotation autour de son axe le fourreau dans le même sens ou dans le sens opposé à la rotation du rotor sur lui-même. 8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that drives in rotation about its axis the sleeve in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the rotation of the rotor on itself.
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'on met en vibration le rotor pour vibrer la matière plastique pendant sa plastification. 9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it vibrates the rotor to vibrate the plastic during its plasticization.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'on règle ou coordonne la vitesse de rotation du rotor (4) sur lui-même et la vitesse de rotation du rotor (4) autour de l'axe du fourreau (1) de façon à ce que le rotor (4) roule à l'intérieur du fourreau (1). 10. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one adjusts or coordinates the speed of rotation of the rotor (4) on itself and the speed of rotation of the rotor (4) around the axis of the sleeve (1). ) so that the rotor (4) rolls inside the sheath (1).
11. Dispositif de plastification de matière plastique, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un fourreau (1) et un rotor (4) disposé à l'intérieur du fourreau (1); par le fait que le fourreau et le rotor comportent chacun au moins une partie conique, le fourreau présentant un orifice de sortie; par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens d'entraînement en rotation du fourreau (1) et/ou du rotor (4). Dispositif selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens permettant de déplacer axialement le rotor (4) à l'intérieur du fourreau (1). 11. A plastics plasticizing device, characterized in that it comprises a sleeve (1) and a rotor (4) disposed within the sleeve (1); in that the sleeve and the rotor each comprise at least one conical portion, the sleeve having an outlet orifice; in that it comprises means for rotating the sheath (1) and / or the rotor (4). Device according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises means for axially displacing the rotor (4) inside the sleeve (1).
Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens d'excentrement permettant de déplacer parallèlement à lui-même ou angulairement l'axe du rotor (4) par rapport à l'axe du fourreau. Device according to claim 1 or claim 12, characterized in that it comprises eccentric means for moving parallel to itself or angularly the axis of the rotor (4) relative to the axis of the sleeve.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11, 12 ou 13 caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens permettant de faire tourner l'axe du rotor (4) autour de l'axe du fourreau (1). Device according to one of claims 11, 12 or 13 characterized in that it comprises means for rotating the axis of the rotor (4) about the axis of the sleeve (1).
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens de chauffage ou de refroidissement du fourreau et/ou du rotor. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it comprises means for heating or cooling the sleeve and / or the rotor.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des moyens de mise en vibration du rotor. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises means for vibrating the rotor.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens permettant de déplacer axialement le rotor (4) à l'intérieur du fourreau (1) sont aptes soit à fixer une position axiale déterminée du rotor (4) dans le fourreau (1), soit à déplacer le rotor (4) dans un mouvement de va-et-vient de vitesse et d'amplitude déterminée par rapport au fourreau (1). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que la surface extérieure du rotor (4) présente une alternance de zones lisses et de zones profilées ou rainurées. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the means for axially displacing the rotor (4) inside the sleeve (1) are able either to fix a specific axial position of the rotor (4) in the sleeve (1), or to move the rotor (4) in a back and forth movement of speed and amplitude determined relative to the sleeve (1). Device according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the outer surface of the rotor (4) has an alternation of smooth areas and profiled or grooved areas.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 18, caractérisé par le fait que la partie terminale du rotor (4) présente sur sa surface extérieure des canaux ou rainures capilaires. Device according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the end portion of the rotor (4) has capillary channels or grooves on its outer surface.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 19, caractérisé par le fait que tout ou partie de la surface extérieure du rotor (4) présente un profilage. Device according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that all or part of the outer surface of the rotor (4) has a profiling.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 20, caractérisé par le fait que les portions coniques correspondantes du fourreau (1) et du rotor (4) présentent des angles identiques. Device according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the corresponding conical portions of the sleeve (1) and the rotor (4) have identical angles.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 21 , caractérisé par le fait que les portions coniques correspondantes du fourreau (1) et du rotor (4) présentent des angles différents. Device according to one of claims 11 to 21, characterized in that the corresponding conical portions of the sleeve (1) and the rotor (4) have different angles.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 22, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte une pompe à engrenage alimentée en matière plastique plastifiée par l'orifice de sortie du fourreau. Device according to one of claims 11 to 22, characterized in that it comprises a gear pump fed with plastic material plasticized by the outlet port of the sheath.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 21 ou 22, caractérisé par le fait que la longueur de la partie conique du rotor (4) est inférieure au plus grand diamètre de la partie conique de ce rotor (4) et que la longueur de la partie conique du fourreau (1) est inférieure au plus grand diamètre de la partie conique de ce fourreau (1). Device according to one of Claims 21 or 22, characterized in that the length of the conical part of the rotor (4) is smaller than the largest diameter of the conical part of this rotor (4) and that the length of the part conical of the sheath (1) is less than the largest diameter of the conical portion of this sheath (1).
Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé par le fait qu'on modifie et/ou règle l'angle entre l'axe du fourreau et l'axe du rotor. A method according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that modifies and / or adjusts the angle between the axis of the sheath and the axis of the rotor.
PCT/IB2013/002326 2012-10-18 2013-10-18 Method and device for plasticising a plastic material WO2014060830A1 (en)

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CH02029/12A CH707111A2 (en) 2012-10-18 2012-10-18 Method and plastic plasticizing device.

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GB842692A (en) * 1961-05-15 1960-07-27 Meyer Schlioma Frenkel Apparatus for mixing and like processes
DE1579001A1 (en) * 1968-04-20 1970-07-30 Vickers Zimmer Ag Screw machine for melting plastic granulates
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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