WO2014058335A1 - Procédé et appareil pour évaluer la qualité de cimentation d'un trou de forage - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil pour évaluer la qualité de cimentation d'un trou de forage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014058335A1 WO2014058335A1 PCT/RU2012/000825 RU2012000825W WO2014058335A1 WO 2014058335 A1 WO2014058335 A1 WO 2014058335A1 RU 2012000825 W RU2012000825 W RU 2012000825W WO 2014058335 A1 WO2014058335 A1 WO 2014058335A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- borehole
- ultrasound
- cement
- signal
- casing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013524 data verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the cementing quality of a borehole according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for evaluating the cementing quality of a borehole according to the preamble of claim 6.
- Productive oil and gas wells are stabilized by inserting a metal casing into the borehole and filling the space between the casing and the surrounding formation rock, the so called annulus, with cement, to provide zonal isolation between the geologic strata and the casing.
- the cement has to be stable and free of cracks over the lifetime of the well, which can exceed 30 years, while exposed to the high pressure and temperature and geomechanical stress within the formation.
- the mechanical properties of the cement develop during hydration, which reduces the hydrostatic pressure and leads to formation of a bond between the cement and the casing and formation. During this phase, shrinkage or expansion of the cement can happen as a result of contact with mobile formation water. Further influences on cement quality relate to stresses imposed on the wellbore by drilling and completion practices and to later changes in the lithostatic pressure and temperature by production and injection of gas and liquids, as well as to subsidence of the formation in reaction to resource extraction.
- the cement can develop cracks or connected pores impeding its barrier function. This can lead to the formation of micro-annuli between cement and casing or formation, which allow for the flow of liquids outside the casing itself. A large fraction of connected pores can furthermore lead to a significant bulk permeability of the cement. Cracks can also lead to a connection between the inside of the casing to the formation rock, allowing liquids and gas to flow from the wellbore into the formation. Such defects can lower the performance of the well and, in the worst case, lead to an uncontrolled outflow of oil or gas into the environment.
- Cement quality therefor has to be monitored.
- a widely used method is the insertion of an ultrasound transceiver into the wellbore
- the transceiver consists of a transducer and two receivers in a distance of 3 and 5 foot from the transducer.
- the return signal the so called cement bond log
- the signal at 5 foot usually called variable density log, yields information about the cement to formation bond. In both cases, a small signal amplitude indicates proper bonding.
- a further method is known from US 6 123 935 A.
- pressure monitoring devices are placed on the outside of the casing prior to cementing at predetermined distances. Comparison of the recorded pressures after cementing with the maximum formation pressure is used as an indicator whether the cement has set to strength sufficient to maintain an effective formation-to-casing seal across the annulus.
- Such a method is, however, not suited to detect cracks and can only reflect the cement quality at the position of the individual monitoring devices.
- Such a method for evaluating the cementing quality of a borehole consists of applying an ultrasound signal to the cement from inside a borehole casing and recording the signal with at least one ultrasound receiver.
- the at least one receiver is an optical fiber placed within the annulus between casing and formation rock and embedded in the cement.
- Optical fibers can be used for the detection of vibrations in the ultrasonic as well as in other ranges.
- optical fibers running parallel to the casing can provide information about cement status over the whole borehole, thereby providing particularly detailed information. Since optical fiber sensors can detect vibrations over their whole length, one is not limited to the 3-foot and 5 -foot measuring points of conventional ultrasonic probes, which again improves the information yield of the method.
- the signal is recorded using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR). To this end, short pulses of about 10 to 100 ns length of light are sent into the fiber.
- OTDR optical time domain reflectometry
- Inhomogeneities in the fiber cause Rayleigh backscattering, while interactions of the photons with lattice vibrations in the fiber lead to so called Brillouin backscattering.
- the coherence length of the pulses is larger than the spatial resolution of the instrument recording the scattered signal, conditions for interference can be set up, so that the system becomes sensitive to external influences such as vibrations, which can be positionally resolved.
- This provides a sensitive and flexible way to detect the signals provided by the ultrasound transducers and the signals refracted from the cement-casing and cement-formation boundaries, and to determine the position of any irregularities exactly. Furthermore, cracks and connected pores also can be reliably detected.
- Brillouin OTDR can be used to extract distributed information about strains and temperature in the fiber, allowing for monitoring of ground movements during the whole lifetime of the well. Data quality can be further enhanced, if the ultrasound signal contains at least two different wavelengths. This allows for the cross-verification of data gathered at different wavelengths, thereby increasing the reliability of the measurements.
- the ultrasound signal is produced by at least two different ultrasound transducers moved along the borehole at a given distance of each other. This is particularly advantageous when used in combination with multiple optical fibers embedded in the cement, ideally surround the casing equidistantly.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for evaluating the cementing quality of a borehole, which comprises at least one ultrasound transducer to be lowered into the borehole and at least one ultrasound receiver for recording an ultrasound signal emitted from the at least one ultrasound transducer.
- the at least one ultrasound receiver is an optical fiber embedded within the cement in the annulus of the borehole and coupled to an optical sender-receiver unit.
- Such an apparatus is suited to perform the method detailed above and carries the same advantages.
- the apparatus comprises at least two ultrasound transducers coupled by a cable for lowering them into the borehole at a predetermined distance to each other, in order to reach an especially good signal quality.
- Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a borehole with an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a borehole with an alternative embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.
- a borehole 10 for the extraction of oil or gas is stabilized by a metal casing 12.
- the space between the outer wall of the casing 12 and the formation rock 14, the so-called annulus 16, is filled with cement in order to provide zonal isolation.
- optical fibers 26 are placed in the annulus 16 prior to cementing and subsequently embedded in the cement.
- the optical fibers are connected to an interrogation unit 28, which can send short pulses of light with a length of 10-100 ns into the optical fibers 26.
- the temperature and strain of the optical fiber determines the thermal lattice vibrations (phonons) within the glass of the optical fiber 26. Photon-phonon interaction leads to Brillouin scattering, if the optical wavelength of the photon matches the acoustical wavelength of the phonons.
- Backscattered light is detected by the interrogator unit 28 and analyzed by a computer 30.
- the frequency distribution and runtime of the backscattered pulses yields a spatially resolved picture of the temperature and strain within the cement along the whole length of the optical fiber 26.
- Such analyses can be performed regularly over the whole lifetime of the well 10, in order to monitor well health and detect formation movements caused by subsidence or similar processes.
- the optical fibers 26 can also be employed to measure cement quality.
- the interrogator unit 28 is set up to perform coherent Rayleigh optical time domain reflectometry.
- the light source generating the pulses must have a coherence length above the spatial resolution of the detector.
- Rayleigh scattering due to external vibrations transmitted to the optical fiber 26 can be detected and spatially resolved.
- at least one ultrasound transducer 32 is lowered into the borehole 10 with a cable 34. Problem zones containing cracks 18, micro-annuli 20 or large amounts of connected pores influence the propagation and refraction of the generated ultrasound within the cement and thereby the properties of light scattered back to the interrogator unit 28. This allows for reliable identification of zones with poor zonal isolation, so that proper repair actions can be undertaken.
- Fig. 2 shows, more than one ultrasound transducer 32 can be fixed to the cable 34. Data quality can be improved if multiple transducers working at different ultrasound wavelengths are employed and a plurality of optical fibers 26 is embedded in the cement. If an ultrasound transducer 32 is coupled to another geophysical tool used in the borehole 10, the method may also be used to exactly determine the tool's position.
- a new method for recording cement bond logging is provided, which allows for a precise localization of problem zones in wells and which can also be used for distributed temperature and shear stress measurements along the wellbore, as well as for the precise localization of geophysical tools within the wellbore.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention porte sur un appareil et sur un procédé pour évaluer la qualité de cimentation d'un trou de forage (10) par l'application d'un signal d'ultrasons au ciment à partir de l'intérieur d'une enveloppe de trou de forage (12) et l'enregistrement du signal avec au moins un récepteur d'ultrasons (26), dans lesquels le ou les récepteurs (26) sont une fibre optique disposée à l'intérieur de l'anneau (16) entre une enveloppe (12) et une roche de formation (14), et incorporée dans le ciment. (Figure 1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2012/000825 WO2014058335A1 (fr) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Procédé et appareil pour évaluer la qualité de cimentation d'un trou de forage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2012/000825 WO2014058335A1 (fr) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Procédé et appareil pour évaluer la qualité de cimentation d'un trou de forage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014058335A1 true WO2014058335A1 (fr) | 2014-04-17 |
Family
ID=48576487
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2012/000825 WO2014058335A1 (fr) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Procédé et appareil pour évaluer la qualité de cimentation d'un trou de forage |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2014058335A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107725030A (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 地层水扰动下固井二界面养护及胶结质量评价装置及方法 |
EP3543457A1 (fr) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-25 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ Stiftung des Öffentlichen Rechts des Lands Brandenburg | Procédé et système de surveillance d'un matériau et/ou d'un dispositif dans un puits de forage à l'aide d'un câble de mesure de fibre optique |
US11512581B2 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-11-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiber optic sensing of wellbore leaks during cement curing using a cement plug deployment system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4703427A (en) * | 1984-08-24 | 1987-10-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method for evaluating the quality of cement surrounding the casing of a borehole |
US6123935A (en) | 1997-04-14 | 2000-09-26 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Air freshener dispenser device with disposable heat-activated cartridge |
US20120013893A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Communication through an enclosure of a line |
US20120111560A1 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2012-05-10 | Qinetiq Limited | Fracture Monitoring |
US20120205103A1 (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement Slurry Monitoring |
-
2012
- 2012-10-11 WO PCT/RU2012/000825 patent/WO2014058335A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4703427A (en) * | 1984-08-24 | 1987-10-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method for evaluating the quality of cement surrounding the casing of a borehole |
US6123935A (en) | 1997-04-14 | 2000-09-26 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Air freshener dispenser device with disposable heat-activated cartridge |
US20120111560A1 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2012-05-10 | Qinetiq Limited | Fracture Monitoring |
US20120013893A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Communication through an enclosure of a line |
US20120205103A1 (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-08-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement Slurry Monitoring |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107725030A (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 地层水扰动下固井二界面养护及胶结质量评价装置及方法 |
CN107725030B (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2023-05-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 地层水扰动下固井二界面养护及胶结质量评价装置及方法 |
EP3543457A1 (fr) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-25 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ Stiftung des Öffentlichen Rechts des Lands Brandenburg | Procédé et système de surveillance d'un matériau et/ou d'un dispositif dans un puits de forage à l'aide d'un câble de mesure de fibre optique |
US11512581B2 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-11-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiber optic sensing of wellbore leaks during cement curing using a cement plug deployment system |
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