WO2014054946A1 - Artificial asymmetrical pupil for extended depth of field - Google Patents

Artificial asymmetrical pupil for extended depth of field Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014054946A1
WO2014054946A1 PCT/NL2013/050699 NL2013050699W WO2014054946A1 WO 2014054946 A1 WO2014054946 A1 WO 2014054946A1 NL 2013050699 W NL2013050699 W NL 2013050699W WO 2014054946 A1 WO2014054946 A1 WO 2014054946A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ocular device
ocular
artificial
aperture
artificial pupil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2013/050699
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Aleksey Nikolaevich Simonov
Michiel Christiaan Rombach
Original Assignee
Akkolens International B.V.
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Publication date
Application filed by Akkolens International B.V. filed Critical Akkolens International B.V.
Publication of WO2014054946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014054946A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/15—Implant having one or more holes, e.g. for nutrient transport, for facilitating handling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/16—Shades; shields; Obturators, e.g. with pinhole, with slot
    • G02C7/165—Shades; shields; Obturators, e.g. with pinhole, with slot with stenopaeic apertures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1654—Diffractive lenses
    • A61F2/1656—Fresnel lenses, prisms or plates

Definitions

  • the ocular devices related to the present invention and disclosed in the present document concern an artificial pupil comprised of at least one aperture fitted into a screen of intermediate artificial ocular material with the aperture restricting of the cross- section of the light beam by screening the light beam, blocking the light beam in at least one specific sector.
  • Such screening is, traditionally, limited to only restriction at the peripheral sector of the light beam, as in, for example, the most basic and well known embodiments of an aperture, firstly, the traditional aperture of a camera lens, which screens one round peripheral sector by changing the diameter of the round aperture, and, secondly, the pupil of the human eye, which also is capable of changing diameter to block light at the periphery.
  • the ocular devices comprising artificial pupil with at least one aperture provide alternative screening of the light beam to novel effects on the extended depth-of-field which alternative screening and novel effects are disclosed in the present document.
  • Screening affects both the protection of the retina against stray light, non-image forming light of, for example, the periphery of a light beam which passes around the image forming lens and screening affects the depth-of-field of the image provided to the retina of the eye.
  • the function of increasing depth-of-field is the topic of the present invention.
  • the present invention is novel because the aperture is an asymmetrical aperture, with the size of the aperture along a first axis exceeding the size of the aperture along the second axis which second axis is positioned perpendicular to the first axis. So, for example, the aperture is not round, not a circle, with such round, symmetrical, aperture being the traditional shape for an aperture, as in, for example, cameras.
  • a round aperture is the only aperture considered for ocular applications to date as in, for example, USD681086, US2013103147 and WO2011069059 and other documents related thereto.
  • Other symmetrical apertures are square apertures as applied in numerous technical camera applications.
  • the apertures of the present invention are asymmetrical, as in, for example, a rectangle or, alternatively, an oval, or, alternatively, any other asymmetrical shape.
  • the consequence of such novel shape of aperture for ocular devices is that such asymmetrical apertures provide extension of the depth-of- field along the plane defined by the second axis and the optical axis which depth-of- field exceeds the depth-of-field along the plane defined by the first axis and the optical axis.
  • the first and second axis can be arranged in a 'horizontal', for first or second axis, and 'vertical arrangement', for first or second axis, with 'horizontal' in its traditional meaning of 'parallel to the horizon' for the wearer standing up, and 'vertical' in its traditional meaning of 'perpendicular to the horizon' for the wearer standing up.
  • Such ocular devices can comprise asymmetrical apertures of various shapes and in various combinations.
  • such ocular device can comprise an artificial pupil with only one slit- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, such ocular device can comprise a combination of at least two slit-shaped apertures.
  • the artificial pupil comprises at least one asymmetrical annular- shaped aperture, which annulus can be circular, or, alternatively, the asymmetrical annular- shaped aperture can be an oval aperture.
  • the artificial pupil can comprise multiple annuli, arranged, for example in a periodic pattern, or, alternatively, arranged in any pattern. Note that in the case of any such annuli at least one central sector of the light beam is screened in addition to at least one peripheral sector.
  • intermediate artificial ocular material also: ocular material, in embodiments disclosed by the present document which ocular material is likely such that it completely screens, blocks, the light, for example black ocular material which is completely opaque, or, alternatively, completely reflective, providing an equal screening, blocking, function.
  • the ocular material can also be such that it screens only a portion of the light, and is thus partly transparent, for example ocular material which screens, blocks, half of the intensity of the light, or, alternatively, the ocular material can be a combination of opaque and translucent ocular materials. So, the ocular material can be fully opaque, fully translucent, partly opaque or the ocular material can comprise multiple sectors which each can have a specific degree of opaqueness.
  • the apertures are separated by artificial ocular material, but, alternatively, in ocular devices with multiple aperture at least two apertures are coinciding, meaning that at least two apertures have at least one sector of overlap. Enhancement of the MTF curve resulting from such artificial ocular device is an important issue and aims to maximize optical performance.
  • the artificial pupil can comprise an array of asymmetrical apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile in an apodizing manner.
  • the shaping of the intensity profile in an apodizing manner is adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field, and, enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail, and, reduction of edge effects of the apertures, that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized.
  • the ocular device comprising an artificial pupil can comprise only said artificial pupil, or, alternatively, the ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil and a focusing lens. So, the ocular device can comprises a combination of said artificial pupil and a lens of at least one fixed single focusing power which combination is adapted to provide extended depth of field by the artificial pupil and at least one fixed image plane by the lens.
  • the ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil and a lens of variable focusing power, meaning an accommodating lens, which combination is adapted to provide extended depth of field by the artificial pupil and least one variable image plane by the variable lens.
  • the ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil as well as a lens of at least one fixed single focusing power to provide at least one fixed image plane an accommodating lens to provide lens variable focusing power and thus least one variable image plane.
  • the ocular device can be a cornea contact device providing only extended depth-of- field, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, the cornea contact device can be combination of a, traditional, contact lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and a, novel, as disclosed in the present document, artificial pupil adapted to provide extended depth-of- field. Additional components are required to adapt the ocular device to a cornea contact device, for example traditional additional components well known from decades of experience with contact lens technologies.
  • the ocular device can be a cornea insert providing only extended depth-of-field, meaning a device adapted to be positioned in a cavity, a slit, inside the cornea and which device provides said extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the cornea insert can be a combined with an intra-corneal lens providing correction of fixed focusing power of the eye and such said artificial pupil providing extended depth-of-field.
  • Additional components are required to adapt the ocular device to a cornea insert, for example additional components known from recently developed cornea insert technologies.
  • the ocular device can an anterior chamber intraocular insert, meaning an insert positioned in the anterior chamber of the eye, in between the cornea and the iris, which insert provides only extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert can be a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye, by a lens, as well as provide the extended depth-of-field by the artificial pupil. Additional components are required to adapt the ocular device to an anterior chamber intraocular lens, for example additional components well known from decades of experience with such intraocular lenses.
  • the ocular device can be a posterior chamber intraocular insert providing only extended depth-of-field with the device positioned in the posterior chamber of the eye, behind the iris, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert can be a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and said artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert can be a combination of an accommodating anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct variable focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert is a combination of a fixed lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the aphakic eye, a variable lens adapted to correct variable focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field.
  • the ocular device can combine a number of optical functions which can include, but is not restricted to correction of fixed refraction, correction of variable focus and extension of depth-of-field.
  • Such device can comprise a combination of at least two optical elements, meaning that each of the elements comprises at least one optical surface adapted to modulate the light beam, and with the with the device including additional components adapted to position the device in the eye and additional components adapted to transfer movement of driving means to at least one lens-element of the device, with driving means meaning at least one component in the eye with the combination also including at least one artificial pupil as disclosed in the present document.
  • the artificial pupil as disclosed in he present document can be, of course, combined, as a separate device, with the natural lens of the eye, an artificial intraocular lens implanted previously in the eye, a contact lens, a cornea insert or any combination of these and additional optical components and so forth.
  • Figure 1-3 show schematics of the effects of reducing pupil size and of changing pupil shape, with Figure 1-2 illustrating known ocular devices by prior art and Figure 3 illustrating the disclosures of the present document.
  • Figure 1 Schematic of an ocular device with artificial ocular material, 2, and an artificial, round, pupil, 3, in a construction, but not the only construction, as disclosed in the present document, with a convergent incoming light beam, 1, focussed by, for example, the cornea (not shown), which beam is in sharp focus , 4, in the image plane, 5, with hardly any focal power or depth-of-field by the artificial pupil, so the degree of defocus, 6, when moving away from the image plane is significant.
  • Figure 2 Similar schematic as Figure 1, except that the diameter of the round artificial pupil is reduced, with the artificial ocular material, 7, and the reduced pupil, 8, with the beam resulting in a less sharp focal spot, 9, due to the pinhole, and with thye effect of lens power moving the image plane, 10, towards the device. Note also the depth-of- field by the artificial pupil increased by reduction of the degree of defocus, 11 , compared to Figure 1, when moving away from the image plane.
  • a rotational asymmetrical, in this example an oval, pupil results in, in this example, two image planes depending on the angle in the X-Y plane, the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, Z, with the artificial ocular material, 12, the pupil, 13, the first rotational asymmetrical focal spot, 14, in the first image plane, 15, along one axis, in this example the horizontal axis, and the second rotational asymmetrical focal spot, 16, in the second image plane, 17, along one axis, in this example the vertical axis, and with a Depth-of- Field, DoF, 18, of one section of the first light beam being significantly larger compared to the other, the second, section of the light beam, 19, and with the a less sharp first focal spot, 14 compared to the second focal spot, 16.
  • DoF Depth-of- Field
  • the total loss in resolution can be minimized by restricting loss in resolution along a preferred axis by offering DoF along another axis, for example increasing DoF along an horizontal axis, to support reading, for example by offering DoF along a vertical axis.
  • Such effect can not be accomplished with rotational symmetrical apertures, for example round apertures, on which prior art inventions are based.
  • FIG. 4 The most basic embodiment of an ocular device as disclosed in the present document: an artificial pupil with a single asymmetrical aperture, in this example, a single slit- shaped aperture, 20, fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material, 21.
  • FIG. 5 An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising multiple slit- shaped apertures, 22, in this example three apertures.
  • Figure 6. An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising a single symmetrical anullar- shaped aperture, 23, with small connection bridges to connect the central section of the artificial material to the peripheral section.
  • Figure 7. An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising multiple annular- shaped apertures, 21, in this example a periodic structure.
  • Figure 8. An ocular device with artificial material, 21, comprising an artificial pupil comprising coinciding apertures, 25, 26, representing an artificial pupil comprising a complex shaped aperture.
  • Figure 9. Ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising an array of apertures, 27, which array comprises, in this example, a periodic arrangement of apertures.
  • said arrays can comprise apertures which do have the required, very small, width to have their combination function as a 'diffractive array' for additional lens function.
  • Figure 10 The inventions disclosed in the present document arranged in a Cartesian coordinate system and with a focusing lens (not shown): the size of the aperture, 28, along a first axis, in this example the Y-axis exceeds the size of the aperture, 29, along the second axis, in this example the X-axis, 30, which X-axis is positioned perpendicular to the Y-axis, with the incoming light beam, 34, forming a focusing spot, 35, which spot is shown in the Y-Z plane, the plane defined by the Y-axis and the Z-axis, 31, the optical axis.
  • FIG. 11 Refer also to Figure 10 - the size of the aperture along the second axis, the X-axis with the incoming light beam forming an extended focusing spot, 38, in the X-Z plane, the plane defined by the X-axis and the Z-axis, the optical axis, because , 14. Note that diameter of the focal spot, 37, is significant which reflects in loss of resolution.
  • Figure 12. Options to position adapted embodiments of the present invention in the eye, 39, with the optical nerve, 41, the cornea, 42, the iris, 44, the lens, 44a, the anterior chamber, 43, the posterior chamber, 45 and the retina, 40.
  • the ocular device can be included in a spectacle, 46, can be cornea contact device, 47, positioned on the posterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, the device can be a cornea inlay, 48, positioned inside, in a slit, for example covered by a flap resulting from, for example, femto-second laser treatment, in the cornea, or, alternatively, the device can be an anterior chamber intraocular insert, 49, positioned in the anterior chamber, or, alternatively, the device can be a iris insert, 50, on the iris or in the pupil, or, alternatively, the device can be a posterior chamber intraocular insert, 51, positioned in the posterior chamber of the eye, for example on top of the natural lens or on top, or integrated with, an artificial intraocular lens.
  • the ocular device, the artificial pupil, adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field can also include a lens function by combination with a lens adapted to correct fixed, or variable, or fixed and variable, focusing power of the eye.
  • the ocular insert is considered an 'add-on' or 'piggy-back' to the natural lens, 44a.
  • Figure 13 Example of an ocular device which is a bi-ocular device with, in this example, two identical devices, 52, 53, on the cornea, or in the eye, which components are positioned at the same said pre-determined angle in the eyes, in this example, at a vertical angle, of a first happy patient, 56.
  • Example of ocular device which is a bi-ocular device with, in this example, two identical components, 54, 55, on the cornea, or in the eye, which components are positioned at different pre-determined angle in the eyes, in this example, at a vertical angle, 54, and a horizontal angle, 55, for any reason, or for reason of correcting astigmatism in a given angle, of another happy patient, 57.
  • Figure 15 shows an aperture, 58, with a single Fresnel zone, 59, which focuses incoming light with a centre wavelength ⁇ at a distance Z, 60, from the aperture.
  • the present invention disclosed in the present document concerns an ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising at least one aperture fitted into a screen of intermediate artificial ocular material which aperture is adapted to provide restriction of the cross-section of the light beam by screening the light beam, meaning blocking the light beam, in at least one selected sector of the light beam such that an extended depth-of-field of the image is provided to the retina of the eye with the aperture an asymmetrical aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along a first axis, the X-axis, exceeds the size of the aperture along the second axis, the Y-axis, which second axis is positioned perpendicular to the first axis, with the artificial pupil adapted to provide extension of the depth-of-field in the plane defined by the second axis and the optical axi
  • an ocular device comprising an artificial pupil which comprises at least one, pinhole, aperture fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material.
  • the aperture is adapted to provide blocking of at least one selected sector of the light beam in the X-Y plane, largely perpendicular to the Z-axis, the optical axis providing a combination of functions: firstly, the function of focal shift by a positive power diffractive lens component resulting from, at least one, Fresnel zone, and, secondly, including the function of extended-depth-of-field (DoF) provided by blocking of the periphery of the light beam.
  • DoF extended-depth-of-field
  • the aperture produces focusing of the incident light.
  • Z 2250 mm which corresponds to a -0.44D focusing (positive) lens.
  • a small single aperture can be considered as weak focusing lens with low gathering power due to d I Z « 1.
  • the aperture is located in the exit pupil of optical system, e. g. the eye, one can determine the cut-off spatial frequency for incoherent imaging [J.W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, Roberts & Co., Englewood, Colorado, 2005]
  • the cut-off spatial frequency f c is expressed in units mm "1 (line pairs per mm) and can be directly associated with the visual acuity of the eye [J. Schwiegerling, Surv.
  • Z 0 is the distance from the entrance pupil to the object plane. If Z 0 I d » ⁇ then the aperture can result in a large DOF, enough for comfortable near and far vision, however, with reduced visual acuity.
  • the ocular device can comprise at least one rotational asymmetrical pinhole aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along at least one axis exceeds the size of the aperture along at least one other axis, with the aperture adapted to provide a
  • the ocular device can comprise at least one artificial pupil with at least two separate pinhole apertures adapted to provide multiple combinations of focal shift and DoF along multiple axes.
  • These pinhole apertures can be rotational symmetrical, or, alternatively, these pinhole apertures are rotational asymmetrical, or, alternatively, the artificial pupil can comprise any combination of symmetrical and asymmetrical pinhole apertures.
  • the ocular device can comprise at least one artificial pupil with at least one one slit- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, at least one annular-shaped aperture, which can be rotational symmetrical, or, alternatively, which can be rotational asymmetrical.
  • the ocular device can comprise an artificial pupil with an array of asymmetrical apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile of the light beam in an apodizing manner with the shape of the intensity profile adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field and enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail and reduction of edge effects of the apertures and at least one focal shift that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized.
  • the artificial ocular material can be fully opaque, or, alternatively, can be partially, semi-transparent.
  • the ocular device can comprise at least one the artificial pupil comprising at least one aperture is rotational symmetrical and adapted to treat presbyopia along at least one axis in the X-Y plane, or, alternately, can comprise at least one aperture is rotational asymmetrical and adapted to treat a combination of presbyopia and astigmatism of the eye.
  • the ocular device can be included in spectacles, meaning a device adapted to be positioned in front of the eye, or, alternatively, in a contact lens, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, in a cornea inlay, meaning a device adapted to be positioned inside the cornea, or, alternatively, in an intraocular device, which can be an anterior chamber device, meaning that the device is positioned intraocular, in between the cornea and the iris, or, alternatively, which can be an iris implant, meaning the device is positioned adjacent to the iris, or, alternatively, which can be a posterior chamber intraocular insert, meaning the device is positioned behind the iris, or, alternatively, which can be an insert positioned adjacent to a refractive artificial intraocular lens.
  • an intraocular device which can be an anterior chamber device, meaning that the device is positioned intraocular, in between the cornea and the iris, or, alternatively, which can be an iris implant, meaning the device
  • the ocular device can be a single device implanted in only one eye of the wearer with the device adapted to provide mono-vision in combination with the untreated eye, or, alternatively, a combination of two ocular devices, one implanted in each eye, adapted to provide any combinations of functions.
  • the ocular device cab be positioned at a pre-determined angle in the X-Y plane to treat presbyopia, or, alternatively, astigmatism, or, alternatively, a combination of presbyopia along at least one axis and/or treat astigmatism along at least one axis, which can be the same axis, or, alternatively, which can be different axes.
  • the ocular device especially if this is an intraocular device, can be administered in customized multiple step procedure.
  • the optician estimates required parameters for, for example, degree of presbyopia correction, the lens function and the DoF function and/or the degree of astigmatism, correction of astigmatism, function.
  • a device according to said parameter is implanted in the eye, for example as a cornea inlay, or, alternatively, the wearer can prefer to keep the customized contact lens as the final device.
  • an artificial pupil which comprises at least one, pinhole, aperture fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material which aperture is adapted to provide blocking of at least one selected sector of the light beam in the X-Y plane, being the plane largely perpendicular to the Z-axis, the optical axis, with the artificial pupil adapted to provide a combination of, at least two, functions including the function of focal shift by a positive power diffractive lens provided by at least one Fresnel zone and the function of extended-depth-of-field (DoF), which artificial pupil can comprise at least one rotational asymmetrical pinhole aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along at least one axis exceeds the size of the aperture along at least one other axis such that the aperture is adapted to provide a combination of focal shift and DoF along at least one axis of the X-Y plane which combination differs from at least one combination along at least one other axis of the X- Y plane, or, alternatively, which artificial pupil

Abstract

An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil with at least one aperture fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material such that the artificial pupil provides a combination of functions including a lens function by diffraction by, at least one, Fresnel zone in combination with extension of the depth-of-field. Asymmetrical pupil shapes are disclosed to provide extended depth-of-field and add-on optical power along a selected axis or multiple axes which designs can also be applied to treat, for example, astigmatism.

Description

Artificial asymmetrical pupil for extended depth of field
The ocular devices related to the present invention and disclosed in the present document concern an artificial pupil comprised of at least one aperture fitted into a screen of intermediate artificial ocular material with the aperture restricting of the cross- section of the light beam by screening the light beam, blocking the light beam in at least one specific sector. Such screening is, traditionally, limited to only restriction at the peripheral sector of the light beam, as in, for example, the most basic and well known embodiments of an aperture, firstly, the traditional aperture of a camera lens, which screens one round peripheral sector by changing the diameter of the round aperture, and, secondly, the pupil of the human eye, which also is capable of changing diameter to block light at the periphery.
The ocular devices comprising artificial pupil with at least one aperture provide alternative screening of the light beam to novel effects on the extended depth-of-field which alternative screening and novel effects are disclosed in the present document.
Screening affects both the protection of the retina against stray light, non-image forming light of, for example, the periphery of a light beam which passes around the image forming lens and screening affects the depth-of-field of the image provided to the retina of the eye. The function of increasing depth-of-field is the topic of the present invention. The present invention is novel because the aperture is an asymmetrical aperture, with the size of the aperture along a first axis exceeding the size of the aperture along the second axis which second axis is positioned perpendicular to the first axis. So, for example, the aperture is not round, not a circle, with such round, symmetrical, aperture being the traditional shape for an aperture, as in, for example, cameras. A round aperture is the only aperture considered for ocular applications to date as in, for example, USD681086, US2013103147 and WO2011069059 and other documents related thereto. Other symmetrical apertures are square apertures as applied in numerous technical camera applications. The apertures of the present invention are asymmetrical, as in, for example, a rectangle or, alternatively, an oval, or, alternatively, any other asymmetrical shape. The consequence of such novel shape of aperture for ocular devices is that such asymmetrical apertures provide extension of the depth-of- field along the plane defined by the second axis and the optical axis which depth-of- field exceeds the depth-of-field along the plane defined by the first axis and the optical axis. The first and second axis can be arranged in a 'horizontal', for first or second axis, and 'vertical arrangement', for first or second axis, with 'horizontal' in its traditional meaning of 'parallel to the horizon' for the wearer standing up, and 'vertical' in its traditional meaning of 'perpendicular to the horizon' for the wearer standing up.
[2, 3, 4] Such ocular devices can comprise asymmetrical apertures of various shapes and in various combinations. For example, such ocular device can comprise an artificial pupil with only one slit- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, such ocular device can comprise a combination of at least two slit-shaped apertures. Also, the artificial pupil comprises at least one asymmetrical annular- shaped aperture, which annulus can be circular, or, alternatively, the asymmetrical annular- shaped aperture can be an oval aperture. Also, the artificial pupil can comprise multiple annuli, arranged, for example in a periodic pattern, or, alternatively, arranged in any pattern. Note that in the case of any such annuli at least one central sector of the light beam is screened in addition to at least one peripheral sector.
Apertures are separated by intermediate artificial ocular material, also: ocular material, in embodiments disclosed by the present document which ocular material is likely such that it completely screens, blocks, the light, for example black ocular material which is completely opaque, or, alternatively, completely reflective, providing an equal screening, blocking, function. However, the ocular material can also be such that it screens only a portion of the light, and is thus partly transparent, for example ocular material which screens, blocks, half of the intensity of the light, or, alternatively, the ocular material can be a combination of opaque and translucent ocular materials. So, the ocular material can be fully opaque, fully translucent, partly opaque or the ocular material can comprise multiple sectors which each can have a specific degree of opaqueness. In ocular devices with multiple aperture the apertures are separated by artificial ocular material, but, alternatively, in ocular devices with multiple aperture at least two apertures are coinciding, meaning that at least two apertures have at least one sector of overlap. Enhancement of the MTF curve resulting from such artificial ocular device is an important issue and aims to maximize optical performance. So, the artificial pupil can comprise an array of asymmetrical apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile in an apodizing manner. The shaping of the intensity profile in an apodizing manner is adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field, and, enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail, and, reduction of edge effects of the apertures, that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized.
The ocular device inclusing an artificial pupil according to descriptions in the present document can comprise only said artificial pupil, or, alternatively, the ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil and a focusing lens. So, the ocular device can comprises a combination of said artificial pupil and a lens of at least one fixed single focusing power which combination is adapted to provide extended depth of field by the artificial pupil and at least one fixed image plane by the lens.
Also, the ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil and a lens of variable focusing power, meaning an accommodating lens, which combination is adapted to provide extended depth of field by the artificial pupil and least one variable image plane by the variable lens.
Also, the ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil as well as a lens of at least one fixed single focusing power to provide at least one fixed image plane an accommodating lens to provide lens variable focusing power and thus least one variable image plane.
The ocular device can be a cornea contact device providing only extended depth-of- field, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, the cornea contact device can be combination of a, traditional, contact lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and a, novel, as disclosed in the present document, artificial pupil adapted to provide extended depth-of- field. Additional components are required to adapt the ocular device to a cornea contact device, for example traditional additional components well known from decades of experience with contact lens technologies.
Also, the ocular device can be a cornea insert providing only extended depth-of-field, meaning a device adapted to be positioned in a cavity, a slit, inside the cornea and which device provides said extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the cornea insert can be a combined with an intra-corneal lens providing correction of fixed focusing power of the eye and such said artificial pupil providing extended depth-of-field.
Additional components are required to adapt the ocular device to a cornea insert, for example additional components known from recently developed cornea insert technologies.
Also, the ocular device can an anterior chamber intraocular insert, meaning an insert positioned in the anterior chamber of the eye, in between the cornea and the iris, which insert provides only extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert can be a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye, by a lens, as well as provide the extended depth-of-field by the artificial pupil. Additional components are required to adapt the ocular device to an anterior chamber intraocular lens, for example additional components well known from decades of experience with such intraocular lenses.
Also, the ocular device can be a posterior chamber intraocular insert providing only extended depth-of-field with the device positioned in the posterior chamber of the eye, behind the iris, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert can be a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and said artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert can be a combination of an accommodating anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct variable focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, the anterior chamber intraocular insert is a combination of a fixed lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the aphakic eye, a variable lens adapted to correct variable focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field. So, the ocular device can combine a number of optical functions which can include, but is not restricted to correction of fixed refraction, correction of variable focus and extension of depth-of-field. Such device can comprise a combination of at least two optical elements, meaning that each of the elements comprises at least one optical surface adapted to modulate the light beam, and with the with the device including additional components adapted to position the device in the eye and additional components adapted to transfer movement of driving means to at least one lens-element of the device, with driving means meaning at least one component in the eye with the combination also including at least one artificial pupil as disclosed in the present document.
The artificial pupil as disclosed in he present document can be, of course, combined, as a separate device, with the natural lens of the eye, an artificial intraocular lens implanted previously in the eye, a contact lens, a cornea insert or any combination of these and additional optical components and so forth.
Description of figures
Figure 1-3 show schematics of the effects of reducing pupil size and of changing pupil shape, with Figure 1-2 illustrating known ocular devices by prior art and Figure 3 illustrating the disclosures of the present document.
Figure 1. Schematic of an ocular device with artificial ocular material, 2, and an artificial, round, pupil, 3, in a construction, but not the only construction, as disclosed in the present document, with a convergent incoming light beam, 1, focussed by, for example, the cornea (not shown), which beam is in sharp focus , 4, in the image plane, 5, with hardly any focal power or depth-of-field by the artificial pupil, so the degree of defocus, 6, when moving away from the image plane is significant.
Figure 2. Similar schematic as Figure 1, except that the diameter of the round artificial pupil is reduced, with the artificial ocular material, 7, and the reduced pupil, 8, with the beam resulting in a less sharp focal spot, 9, due to the pinhole, and with thye effect of lens power moving the image plane, 10, towards the device. Note also the the depth-of- field by the artificial pupil increased by reduction of the degree of defocus, 11 , compared to Figure 1, when moving away from the image plane.
Figure 3. This Figure illustrates the disclosures of the present document: A rotational asymmetrical, in this example an oval, pupil results in, in this example, two image planes depending on the angle in the X-Y plane, the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, Z, with the artificial ocular material, 12, the pupil, 13, the first rotational asymmetrical focal spot, 14, in the first image plane, 15, along one axis, in this example the horizontal axis, and the second rotational asymmetrical focal spot, 16, in the second image plane, 17, along one axis, in this example the vertical axis, and with a Depth-of- Field, DoF, 18, of one section of the first light beam being significantly larger compared to the other, the second, section of the light beam, 19, and with the a less sharp first focal spot, 14 compared to the second focal spot, 16.
Note that in optics a gain always comes at a price - in this example gain in DoF comes at a loss in resolution. In the present invention disclosed in this document the total loss in resolution can be minimized by restricting loss in resolution along a preferred axis by offering DoF along another axis, for example increasing DoF along an horizontal axis, to support reading, for example by offering DoF along a vertical axis. Such effect can not be accomplished with rotational symmetrical apertures, for example round apertures, on which prior art inventions are based.
Figure 4. The most basic embodiment of an ocular device as disclosed in the present document: an artificial pupil with a single asymmetrical aperture, in this example, a single slit- shaped aperture, 20, fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material, 21.
Figure 5. An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising multiple slit- shaped apertures, 22, in this example three apertures. Figure 6. An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising a single symmetrical anullar- shaped aperture, 23, with small connection bridges to connect the central section of the artificial material to the peripheral section. Figure 7. An ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising multiple annular- shaped apertures, 21, in this example a periodic structure. Figure 8. An ocular device with artificial material, 21, comprising an artificial pupil comprising coinciding apertures, 25, 26, representing an artificial pupil comprising a complex shaped aperture. Figure 9. Ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising an array of apertures, 27, which array comprises, in this example, a periodic arrangement of apertures. Note that said arrays can comprise apertures which do have the required, very small, width to have their combination function as a 'diffractive array' for additional lens function. Figure 10. The inventions disclosed in the present document arranged in a Cartesian coordinate system and with a focusing lens (not shown): the size of the aperture, 28, along a first axis, in this example the Y-axis exceeds the size of the aperture, 29, along the second axis, in this example the X-axis, 30, which X-axis is positioned perpendicular to the Y-axis, with the incoming light beam, 34, forming a focusing spot, 35, which spot is shown in the Y-Z plane, the plane defined by the Y-axis and the Z-axis, 31, the optical axis. Note that the focal spot is sharp, and DF is limited because of the relative large aperture size related to this particular plane. Figure 11. Refer also to Figure 10 - the size of the aperture along the second axis, the X-axis with the incoming light beam forming an extended focusing spot, 38, in the X-Z plane, the plane defined by the X-axis and the Z-axis, the optical axis, because , 14. Note that diameter of the focal spot, 37, is significant which reflects in loss of resolution. Figure 12. Options to position adapted embodiments of the present invention in the eye, 39, with the optical nerve, 41, the cornea, 42, the iris, 44, the lens, 44a, the anterior chamber, 43, the posterior chamber, 45 and the retina, 40. The ocular device can be included in a spectacle, 46, can be cornea contact device, 47, positioned on the posterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, the device can be a cornea inlay, 48, positioned inside, in a slit, for example covered by a flap resulting from, for example, femto-second laser treatment, in the cornea, or, alternatively, the device can be an anterior chamber intraocular insert, 49, positioned in the anterior chamber, or, alternatively, the device can be a iris insert, 50, on the iris or in the pupil, or, alternatively, the device can be a posterior chamber intraocular insert, 51, positioned in the posterior chamber of the eye, for example on top of the natural lens or on top, or integrated with, an artificial intraocular lens. Note that the ocular device, the artificial pupil, adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, can also include a lens function by combination with a lens adapted to correct fixed, or variable, or fixed and variable, focusing power of the eye. In this example the ocular insert is considered an 'add-on' or 'piggy-back' to the natural lens, 44a. Figure 13. Example of an ocular device which is a bi-ocular device with, in this example, two identical devices, 52, 53, on the cornea, or in the eye, which components are positioned at the same said pre-determined angle in the eyes, in this example, at a vertical angle, of a first happy patient, 56. Figure 14.
Example of ocular device which is a bi-ocular device with, in this example, two identical components, 54, 55, on the cornea, or in the eye, which components are positioned at different pre-determined angle in the eyes, in this example, at a vertical angle, 54, and a horizontal angle, 55, for any reason, or for reason of correcting astigmatism in a given angle, of another happy patient, 57.
Figure 15 shows an aperture, 58, with a single Fresnel zone, 59, which focuses incoming light with a centre wavelength λ at a distance Z, 60, from the aperture.
Note that we calculated that, in practice, with a corneal inlay, a lens function of over 1 diopter can be provided by a practical diameter of the pupil along a given axis of about 1.5-1.8mm. So, in summary, the present invention disclosed in the present document concerns an ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising at least one aperture fitted into a screen of intermediate artificial ocular material which aperture is adapted to provide restriction of the cross-section of the light beam by screening the light beam, meaning blocking the light beam, in at least one selected sector of the light beam such that an extended depth-of-field of the image is provided to the retina of the eye with the aperture an asymmetrical aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along a first axis, the X-axis, exceeds the size of the aperture along the second axis, the Y-axis, which second axis is positioned perpendicular to the first axis, with the artificial pupil adapted to provide extension of the depth-of-field in the plane defined by the second axis and the optical axis which depth-of-field exceeds the depth-of-field in the plane defined by the first axis and the optical axis, the Z-axis, and such that the ocular device is positioned at a pre-determined angle in the X-Y plane with regard to the eye, with the the artificial pupil comprising at least one aperture which can be one slit- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, a combination of at least two slit-shaped apertures, or, alternatively, at least one asymmetrical annular- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, an asymmetrical annular-shaped aperture is an oval aperture, with all apertures are separated by artificial ocular material, or, alternatively, at least two apertures are coinciding, meaning that at least two apertures have at least one area of overlap, which artificial pupil can comprise an array of asymmetrical apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile in an apodizing manner, which shaping of the intensity profile in an apodizing manner can be adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field, and, enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail, and, reduction of edge effects of the apertures, that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized, which ocular device can comprise a combination of said artificial pupil and a lens of at least one fixed single focusing power which combination is adapted to provide extended depth of field by the artificial pupil and at least one fixed image plane by the lens or, alternatively, a combination of said artificial pupil and a lens of variable focusing power, meaning an accommodating lens, which combination is adapted to provide extended depth of field by the artificial pupil and least one variable image plane by the variable lens, with intermediate artificial ocular material which can be fully opaque or, alternatively, can be partly translucent, which ocular device can be a cornea contact device, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, a combination of a contact lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, a cornea insert, meaning a device adapted to be positioned inside the cornea or, alternatively, a combination of an intra-corneal lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, an anterior chamber intraocular insert, meaning the device is positioned intraocular, in between the cornea and the iris, or, alternatively a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively a posterior chamber intraocular insert, meaning the device is positioned intraocular, behind the iris or, alternatively, a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct fixed focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, or, alternatively, an anterior chamber intraocular insert which can be a combination of an accommodating anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct variable focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth- of-field, or, alternatively, an anterior chamber intraocular insert which can be a combination of an anterior chamber intraocular lens adapted to correct variable focusing power of the eye and an artificial pupil adapted to provide an extended depth-of-field, so, in summary, the ocular device is an accommodating intraocular lens with the device comprising a combination of at least two optical elements, meaning that each of the elements comprises at least one optical surface adapted to modulate the light beam, and with the with the device including additional components adapted to position the device in the eye and additional components adapted to transfer movement of driving means to at least one lens-element of the device, with driving means meaning at least one component in the eye with the combination also including at least one artificial pupil, also: the ocular device can be a mono-ocular device, implanted in only one eye of the wearer, or, alternatively, can be a bi-ocular device which is a combination of two components with each component an ocular device according to any description above, or, alternatively, the bi-ocular device can comprise two components which are identical and on the cornea, or in the eye, are positioned at the same said pre-determined angles, or, alternatively, the bi-ocular device can comprise two components which are identical and on the cornea, or in the eye, are positioned at different said pre-determined angles, or, alternatively, the bi-ocular device can comprises two components which are different and on the cornea, or in the eye, are positioned at the same said pre-determined angles, or, alternatively, the bi-ocular device can comprise two components which are different and on the cornea, or in the eye, are positioned at different said pre-determined angles. So, the present document discloses an ocular device comprising an artificial pupil which comprises at least one, pinhole, aperture fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material. The aperture is adapted to provide blocking of at least one selected sector of the light beam in the X-Y plane, largely perpendicular to the Z-axis, the optical axis providing a combination of functions: firstly, the function of focal shift by a positive power diffractive lens component resulting from, at least one, Fresnel zone, and, secondly, including the function of extended-depth-of-field (DoF) provided by blocking of the periphery of the light beam. The concept of the Fresnel zone is one of the central concepts in wave propagation. The zone construction was first described by Fresnel in 1818, in an attempt to explain diffraction phenomena using Huygen's principle see, for example, J. Pearce et al [Phys. Rev. E 66, 056602, (2002)] . Consider, for example, a small circular aperture with a diameter d illuminated by a collimated light having the centre wavelength λ , see also Fig. 15 below. If the two-way path difference between the axial and marginal rays is less than Al l , then the reflected waves constructively interfere. Thus, for the geometry of Fig. 15, it can be found that at the distance
Z = i^ (1)
8A
the aperture produces focusing of the incident light. As an illustration, assuming X - 500 nm and d - 1.5 mm, one can find Z = 2250 mm which corresponds to a -0.44D focusing (positive) lens. Thus, a small single aperture can be considered as weak focusing lens with low gathering power due to d I Z « 1. Assuming that the aperture is located in the exit pupil of optical system, e. g. the eye, one can determine the cut-off spatial frequency for incoherent imaging [J.W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, Roberts & Co., Englewood, Colorado, 2005]
' <2)
where Zi is the distance from the exit pupil to the image plane, e. g. retina of the eye; the cut-off spatial frequency fc is expressed in units mm"1 (line pairs per mm) and can be directly associated with the visual acuity of the eye [J. Schwiegerling, Surv.
Opthalm. 45(2), pp.139-146, (2000)] . As seen, due to the fact that d l Zt « 1 , fc can be relatively low leading to significant deterioration of visual acuity (below the modulation threshold due to retina, see J.Schwiegerling). Substituting the data from the example above and taking Zi— 17 mm, we have d IZi— 0.088 and fc— 176 mm"1. The aperture also increases the depth of focus (DOF). If the aperture is positioned in the plane of the entrance pupil, the object-side DOF can be expressed as [Smith Modern Optical Engineering, 3. rd. ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000]
DOF = Αλ{Ζ0 Ι ά)2 (3)
where Z0 is the distance from the entrance pupil to the object plane. If Z0 I d » \ then the aperture can result in a large DOF, enough for comfortable near and far vision, however, with reduced visual acuity.
The ocular device can comprise at least one rotational asymmetrical pinhole aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along at least one axis exceeds the size of the aperture along at least one other axis, with the aperture adapted to provide a
combination of focal shift and DoF along at least one axis of the X-Y plane which combination differs from the at least one combination along at least one other axis of the X-Y plane.
The ocular device can comprise at least one artificial pupil with at least two separate pinhole apertures adapted to provide multiple combinations of focal shift and DoF along multiple axes. These pinhole apertures can be rotational symmetrical, or, alternatively, these pinhole apertures are rotational asymmetrical, or, alternatively, the artificial pupil can comprise any combination of symmetrical and asymmetrical pinhole apertures.
The ocular device can comprise at least one artificial pupil with at least one one slit- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, at least one annular-shaped aperture, which can be rotational symmetrical, or, alternatively, which can be rotational asymmetrical.
Also, the ocular device can comprise an artificial pupil with an array of asymmetrical apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile of the light beam in an apodizing manner with the shape of the intensity profile adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field and enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail and reduction of edge effects of the apertures and at least one focal shift that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized.
The artificial ocular material can be fully opaque, or, alternatively, can be partially, semi-transparent.
The ocular device can comprise at least one the artificial pupil comprising at least one aperture is rotational symmetrical and adapted to treat presbyopia along at least one axis in the X-Y plane, or, alternately, can comprise at least one aperture is rotational asymmetrical and adapted to treat a combination of presbyopia and astigmatism of the eye.
The ocular device can be included in spectacles, meaning a device adapted to be positioned in front of the eye, or, alternatively, in a contact lens, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, in a cornea inlay, meaning a device adapted to be positioned inside the cornea, or, alternatively, in an intraocular device, which can be an anterior chamber device, meaning that the device is positioned intraocular, in between the cornea and the iris, or, alternatively, which can be an iris implant, meaning the device is positioned adjacent to the iris, or, alternatively, which can be a posterior chamber intraocular insert, meaning the device is positioned behind the iris, or, alternatively, which can be an insert positioned adjacent to a refractive artificial intraocular lens.
The ocular device can be a single device implanted in only one eye of the wearer with the device adapted to provide mono-vision in combination with the untreated eye, or, alternatively, a combination of two ocular devices, one implanted in each eye, adapted to provide any combinations of functions.
The ocular device cab be positioned at a pre-determined angle in the X-Y plane to treat presbyopia, or, alternatively, astigmatism, or, alternatively, a combination of presbyopia along at least one axis and/or treat astigmatism along at least one axis, which can be the same axis, or, alternatively, which can be different axes. As a final comment, the ocular device, especially if this is an intraocular device, can be administered in customized multiple step procedure. In a first step the optician estimates required parameters for, for example, degree of presbyopia correction, the lens function and the DoF function and/or the degree of astigmatism, correction of astigmatism, function. Then the wearer wears, for example, contact lenses which can provide said customized device parameters. In a final step a device according to said parameter is implanted in the eye, for example as a cornea inlay, or, alternatively, the wearer can prefer to keep the customized contact lens as the final device. Summary of the invention based on attached Claims
This present document discloses ocular devices comprising an artificial pupil which comprises at least one, pinhole, aperture fitted into a screen of artificial ocular material which aperture is adapted to provide blocking of at least one selected sector of the light beam in the X-Y plane, being the plane largely perpendicular to the Z-axis, the optical axis, with the artificial pupil adapted to provide a combination of, at least two, functions including the function of focal shift by a positive power diffractive lens provided by at least one Fresnel zone and the function of extended-depth-of-field (DoF), which artificial pupil can comprise at least one rotational asymmetrical pinhole aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along at least one axis exceeds the size of the aperture along at least one other axis such that the aperture is adapted to provide a combination of focal shift and DoF along at least one axis of the X-Y plane which combination differs from at least one combination along at least one other axis of the X- Y plane, or, alternatively, which artificial pupil can comprise at least two separate pinhole apertures adapted to provide multiple combinations of focal shift and DoF along multiple axes, or, alternatively, at least one pinhole aperture which is rotational symmetrical, or, alternatively, at least one pinhole aperture which is rotational asymmetrical, or, alternatively, any combination of symmetrical and asymmetrical pinhole apertures, which artificial pupil can comprise at least one slit-shaped aperture, or, alternatively, at least one annular- shaped aperture, or, alternatively, at least one annular-shaped aperture is rotational symmetrical, which artificial pupil can be rotational asymmetrical, with the artificial pupil which can provide an array of apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile of the light beam in an apodizing manner with the shape of the intensity profile adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field and enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail and reduction of edge effects of the apertures and at least one focal shift such that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized, with artificial ocular material which can be is fully opaque, say, blackish, in any embodiment, or, alternatively, partially transparent, say, greyish, or any other even toned material, for example yellowish, with any of the ocular devices which can comprise least one aperture which is rotational symmetrical and adapted to treat presbyopia along at least one axis in the X-Y plane, or, alternatively, at least one aperture which is rotational asymmetrical and adapted to treat a combination of presbyopia and astigmatism of the eye, with any of the ocular devices which can be integrated in a spectacle, ' a spectacle lens', meaning a device adapted to be positioned in front of the eye, or, alternatively, a contact lens, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea, or, alternatively, a corneal inlay, meaning an artificial pupil adapted to be positioned inside the cornea, or, alternatively, an intraocular device, meaning an artificial pupil adapted to be positioned inside the eye, or, alternatively, an anterior chamber device, meaning that an artificial pupil positioned in between the cornea and the iris, or, alternatively, an artificial pupil which is an iris implant, meaning the device is positioned adjacent to the iris including replacement of the natural pupil of the eye, or, alternatively, a posterior chamber device, meaning the device is positioned behind the iris, or, alternatively, positioned adjacent to an artificial intraocular lens or the natural lens, with any of the devices being a single device implanted in only one eye of the wearer for example to provide a degree of mono-vision in combination with the untreated eye, or, alternatively, a combination of two ocular devices, one implanted in each eye, adapted to provide any combinations of functions to both eyes of the wearer, with any of the artificial pupils adapted to be positioned at a pre-determined angle in the X-Y plane to treat a combination of presbyopia along at least one axis and/or treat astigmatism along at least one axis, with any of the devices being a final ocular device which is administered in an at least one step customized procedure including a first step in which the wearer wears a series of contact lenses which series is adapted to provide adjustments of the ocular device parameters defining final said combination of functions, with, for example, the final ocular device being an intraocular device based on the ocular device parameters as defined in the customized procedure including the series of contact lenses.

Claims

Claims
1. Ocular device comprising an artificial pupil comprising a screen of artificial ocular material and at least one pinhole aperture fitted into said screen, which aperture is adapted to provide blocking of at least one selected sector of the light beam in the plane extending substantially perpendicular to the optical axis, characterized in that the artificial pupil is adapted to provide a combination of, at least two, functions including the function of focal shift by a positive power diffractive lens provided by at least one Fresnel zone and the function of extended-depth-of-field (DoF).
2. Ocular device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one rotational asymmetrical pinhole aperture, meaning that the size of the aperture along at least one axis exceeds the size of the aperture along at least one other axis such that the aperture is adapted to provide a combination of focal shift and DoF along at least one axis of the X-Y plane which combination differs from at least one combination along at least one other axis of the X-Y plane.
3. Ocular device according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least two separate pinhole apertures adapted to provide multiple combinations of focal shift and DoF along multiple axes.
4. Ocular device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one pinhole aperture which is rotational symmetrical.
5. Ocular device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one pinhole aperture which is rotational asymmetrical.
6. Ocular device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises a combination of symmetrical and asymmetrical pinhole apertures.
7. Ocular device according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one slit-shaped aperture.
8. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-6 characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one annular- shaped aperture.
9. Ocular device according to claim 8, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one annular- shaped aperture is rotational symmetrical.
10. Ocular device according to claim 8, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one annular- shaped aperture is rotational asymmetrical.
11. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-10, characterized in that the artificial pupil is adapted to provide an array of apertures which array comprises a periodic arrangement of apertures which arrangement is such that the array is adapted to shape the intensity profile of the light beam in an apodizing manner with the shape of the intensity profile adapted to provide such combination of extended depth-of-field and enhancement of low frequencies, meaning enhance certain small detail and reduction of edge effects of the apertures and at least one focal shift such that the ratio of depth of field over image resolution is maximized.
12. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-11, characterized in that the artificial ocular material is fully opaque.
13. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-11, characterized in that the intermediate artificial ocular material is partially transparent.
14. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-13, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one aperture which is rotational symmetrical and adapted to treat presbyopia along at least one axis in the X-Y plane.
15. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1- 13, characterized in that the artificial pupil comprises at least one aperture which is rotational asymmetrical and adapted to treat a combination of presbyopia and astigmatism of the eye.
16. Ocular device according to any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the ocular device is a spectacle lens, meaning a device adapted to be positioned in front of the eye.
17. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-15, characterized in that the ocular device is a contact lens, meaning a device adapted to be positioned on top of the anterior surface of the cornea.
18. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-15, characterized in that the ocular device is a corneal inlay, meaning an artificial pupil adapted to be positioned inside the cornea.
19. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-15, characterized in that the ocular device is an intraocular device, meaning an artificial pupil adapted to be positioned inside the eye.
20. Ocular device according to claim 19, characterized in that the ocular device is an anterior chamber device, meaning that an artificial pupil positioned in between the cornea and the iris.
21. Ocular device according to claim 19, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil which is an iris implant, meaning the device is positioned adjacent to the iris including replacement of the natural pupil of the eye.
22. Ocular device according to claim 19, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil which is a posterior chamber device, meaning the device is positioned behind the iris.
23. Ocular device according to claim 22, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil which is positioned adjacent to an artificial intraocular lens.
24. Ocular device according to any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil which is a single device implanted in only one eye of the wearer.
25. Ocular device according to any of the claims 1-23, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil adapted to provide a degree of mono-vision in combination with the untreated eye.
26. Ocular device according to any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil which is a combination of two ocular devices, one implanted in each eye, adapted to provide any combinations of functions to both eyes of the wearer.
27. Ocular device according to any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the ocular device is an artificial pupil which is adapted to be positioned at a pre-determined angle in the X-Y plane to treat a combination of presbyopia along at least one axis and/or treat astigmatism along at least one axis.
28. Ocular device according to any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the final ocular device is an artificial pupil which is administered in an at least one step customized procedure including a first step in which the wearer wears a series of contact lenses which series is adapted to provide adjustments of the ocular device parameters defining final said combination of functions.
29. Ocular device according to claim 28, characterized in that the final ocular device is an intraocular device based on the ocular device parameters as defined in the customized procedure including the series of contact lenses.
PCT/NL2013/050699 2012-10-01 2013-10-01 Artificial asymmetrical pupil for extended depth of field WO2014054946A1 (en)

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US11311371B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2022-04-26 Acufocus, Inc. Intraocular lens with elastic mask
US10548717B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2020-02-04 Acufocus, Inc. Intraocular lens with elastic mask
US10449036B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2019-10-22 Acufocus, Inc. Masked intraocular implants and lenses
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US9545303B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2017-01-17 Acufocus, Inc. Ocular mask having selective spectral transmission
US10765508B2 (en) 2011-12-02 2020-09-08 AcFocus, Inc. Ocular mask having selective spectral transmission
US10583619B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-03-10 Acufocus, Inc. Process for manufacturing an intraocular lens with an embedded mask
US9573328B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-02-21 Acufocus, Inc. Process for manufacturing an intraocular lens with an embedded mask
US9844919B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-12-19 Acufocus, Inc. Process for manufacturing an intraocular lens with an embedded mask
US9427922B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-08-30 Acufocus, Inc. Process for manufacturing an intraocular lens with an embedded mask
US10183453B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-01-22 Acufocus, Inc. Process for manufacturing an intraocular lens with an embedded mask
US9943403B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2018-04-17 Acufocus, Inc. Fracturable mask for treating presbyopia
US11690707B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2023-07-04 Acufocus, Inc. Methods of molding intraocular lenses
US10687935B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2020-06-23 Acufocus, Inc. Methods of molding intraocular lenses
US11464625B2 (en) 2015-11-24 2022-10-11 Acufocus, Inc. Toric small aperture intraocular lens with extended depth of focus
EP3370107A1 (en) * 2017-03-03 2018-09-05 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc. Methods and apparatus for electroactive variable aperture lenses
US10690940B2 (en) 2017-03-03 2020-06-23 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electroactive variable aperture lenses
WO2018215412A1 (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Giorgis Nicolas Spectacle set for vision training
FR3066689A1 (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-30 Nicolas Giorgis GAME OF GLASSES OF TRAINING OF THE VISION
IT201700091175A1 (en) * 2017-08-08 2017-11-08 Luigi Castellana Intraocular lens with prismatic effect
US11364110B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2022-06-21 Acufocus, Inc. Intraocular implant with removable optic
RU2815293C2 (en) * 2019-06-13 2024-03-13 Зи ОПТИКС, ИНК. Intraocular lens and eye treatment method

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