WO2014046703A1 - Procédé et appareil pour des communications numériques sur une infrastructure de distribution d'énergie - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour des communications numériques sur une infrastructure de distribution d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014046703A1
WO2014046703A1 PCT/US2013/000214 US2013000214W WO2014046703A1 WO 2014046703 A1 WO2014046703 A1 WO 2014046703A1 US 2013000214 W US2013000214 W US 2013000214W WO 2014046703 A1 WO2014046703 A1 WO 2014046703A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
input voltage
electronic device
digital
transmitter
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/000214
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yuyu Chen
Original Assignee
E3 Control, Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E3 Control, Inc filed Critical E3 Control, Inc
Publication of WO2014046703A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014046703A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/24—Half-wave signalling systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5412—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by modofying wave form of the power source

Definitions

  • TITLE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIGITAL COMMINICATIONS OVER POWER DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE
  • the present invention relates to providing digital communication using AC power lines via phase switching.
  • home automation which holds the promise to improve user comfort while at the same time reducing energy consumption generally entails the consolidation of functions that have been historically autonomous, for example, lighting, HVAC and security.
  • lighting bulbs and fixtures which have greater operational efficiencies than standard incandescent bulbs but are not inherently compatible with conventional dimming switches. These inolude LED and compact fluorescent bulbs and fixtures.
  • home automation systems are designed to control the condition of an environment such as a home or commercial space. They are implemented using a number of connected devices such as lighting fixtures, switches, HVAC devices, temperature sensors, ambient light sensors, gas sensors, and end user control devices.
  • PLC Power line communications
  • FIG 1a An example is Power line communications (PLC), which transmits a digital signal by impressing a modulated carrier signal on to the existing AC mains wiring system as illustrated by FIG 1a.
  • PLC Power line communications
  • all PLC technologies share the same basic principals in order to modulate a high frequency signal onto the low frequency (50/60HZ) power distribution system.
  • the impressed carrier signal is either directly coupled on the AC power line via a capacitor or transformer.
  • the main barriers to entry of PLC systems include the high cost of transmitter and receiver devices and components and the high over-head of PLC networking protocols requiring a microprocessor and memory sub-system.
  • phase-switch dimmer switches used to alter the AC power-line waveform to adjust the V-R S of the downstream input voltage, thus adjust the light output intensity of an
  • FIG 2 illustrates a typical block diagram of prior art dimmer switches.
  • the basic operational principal of a conventional dimmer switch utilize phase switching In order to vary the RMS voltage (V-RMS) which is Input to the incandescent bulbs, since the light output level of incandescent bulbs vary directly with V-RMS.
  • Dimmer switch 200 includes triac 201 , which is connected in series with AC input voltage 203 and bulb 204. Triac 201 is placed in the OFF or open state during periods of the AC voltage cycle, W
  • variable resistor 202 The end user adjusts variable resistor 202 until the desired light output from bulb 204 is achieved.
  • FIG 3a, 3b, and 3c illustrate the basic operational waveforms of prior art dimmer switch 200.
  • FIG 3a shows the Input voltage of bulb 204 when the maximum tight output intensity is desired. In this case, triac 201 remains In the ON state and no phase switching occurs.
  • FIG 3b shows the input voltage of bulb 204 when moderate light output intensity is desired by lowering V-RMS (as compared with FIG 3a).
  • FIG 3b shows an approximately 45 degree phase switching.
  • FIG 3c shows the input voltage of bulb 204 when low light output intensity is desired by further reducing V-RMS (as compared with FIG 3a and 3b).
  • FIG 3c shows an approximately 90 degree phase switching.
  • FIG 4 illustrates an example of an LED lighting fixture 404 coupled to AC input source 203 via dimmer switch 200.
  • LED device 405 cannot be connected directly to the AC input source and requires LED controller and driver 406.
  • LED controller and driver 406 As the light output intensity of an LED device varies directly to the forward current, one of the primary functions of LED controller and driver 406 is to
  • TUTE SHEET RULE 26 regulate the forward current of LED device 405. As the user adjusts variable resistor 202 to lower the light output intensity, dimmer switch 200 increasing phase switching in order to lower the V-RMS Input to LED lighting fixture 404. However, LED controller and driver 406 provides a regulated output current to LED device 405 maintaining a constant light output intensity regardless of the value of V-RMS,
  • FIG 5 LED lighting fixture 504 coupled tD AC input source 203 via dimmer switch 200, The voltage input to LED lighting fixture 504 is monitored by input voltage detect 507, A number of prior art detection techniques are employed, including phase angle, V-RMS, or duty-cycle measurements. Once the input voltage has been detected, a dimming factor signal is input to LED controller and driver 506 in order to make appropriate adjustments to the output light intensity.
  • phase switch dimmer switches there are many existing phase switch dimmer switches already Installed in residential and commercial spaces, 2) the relatively low cost of phase switch dimmer switches, 3) the ease of installation of phase switch dimmer switches, 4) the familiarity of phase switch dimmer switches by end users, and 5) incandescent bulbs are still available in the marketplace.
  • incandescent bulbs begin to be phased out due to the low operating efficiencies as compared bulbs and fixtures based on newer technologies, employing dimming functionality by using phase switching to adjust the V-RMS will no longer be necessary.
  • phase switching on each AC cycle including unnecessary losses Incurred by the dimmer switch itself, (e.g. switching losses incurred by the triac device on each and every AC cycle) and the decreased operational efficiency of the lighting fixture due to a decreased input voltage.
  • phase switching increases total harmonic distortion -(THD) on the power utility grid.
  • What is needed in the art is the ability to provide signaling required for such purposes as transmitting a dimming setting from a dimmer switch to a lighting fixture. Furthermore, it is desired to provide signaling with the highest degree of energy efficiency and positive environmental impact, ease of installation (new construction and existing structures), ease of use for end users, and system cost.
  • Embodiments of the present invention include a transmitter in which the transmitter is capable of transmitting a digitally encoded message on an AC waveform, where using phase switching of an AC cycle and/or half cycle to determine the value of a bit. Further embodiments of the present invention include a receiver in which the receiver is capable of receiving and decoding a digitally encoded message, where phase switching of a cycle, or half cycle, of an AC waveform has been employed to determine the value of a bit.
  • the transmitter and receiver are employed in a standard AC power wiring system in residential or commercial buildings.
  • the transmitter and receiver are employed to send and receive a message from an end user or application system (e.g. home automation system), to a device or appliance.
  • an end user or application system e.g. home automation system
  • the transmitter and receiver are used to set the light output intensity of a lighting bulb or fixture to the desired setting.
  • the desired light output intensity may be determined by an end user or by a home automation system.
  • the lighting fixture is comprised of LED devices.
  • the lighting fixture contains fluorescent bulbs.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates waveforms of prior art Power-Une Communications Systems (PLC)
  • FIG. 1b illustrates waveforms of prior art Power-Line Communications Systems (PLC)
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the conventional wiring configuration of a conventional dimmer switch and an incandescent bulb.
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c illustrate typical waveforms from a conventional dimmer switch.
  • FfG. 4 illustrates the conventional wiring configuration of a conventional dimmer switch and an LED bulb.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the conventional wiring configuration of a conventional dimmer switch and an LED bulb employing dimming capabilities.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the wiring configuration of a transmitter/switch and a
  • receiver/LED bulb according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7a, 7b illustrate typical waveforms from a transmitter according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates typical waveforms from a transmitter according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the wiring configuration of a transmitter/switch and multiple receiver/appliance devices according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmitter and receiver system and a method (1) a transmitter digitally encodes a message on an AC waveform ueing phase switching of a cycle, or half cycle (2) a receiver for receiving and decoding digital signal on an AC waveform where the detection of phase switching of a cycle, or half cycle, determines the value of the bit (3) receiver, as part of a client device or appliance, responds to the transmitted signal with the desired response or setting as desired by an end user or application system. Furthermore, when the transmitter is not transmission mode, the AC waveform is unaffected by the transmitter and no phase switching is executed.
  • FIG 6 illustrates the wiring configuration of one embodiment of the present invention where receiver/LED bulb 604 Is connected to AC input voltage 203 via transmitter/switch 600.
  • a dimmable LED lighting application Is used as an example to Illustrate the transmit and receive function of the present invention, however other applications are applicable (e.g. HVAC and security systems),
  • Transmitter/switch 600 is connected in series with AC input voltage 203 and receiver LED bulb 604.
  • Transmitter/switch 600 has three operational modes, (1) OFF' mode, (2) messaging mode, and (3) 'ON' mode. In the 'OFF' mode, triac 601 is placed in an open state, effectively disconnecting receiver/LED bulb 604 OFF from AC input voltage 203.
  • transmitter/switch 600 will determine the desired light output intensity desired by the end user and a digitally encoded message ilJ be generated.
  • the digital message may be stored in a look-up- table, created by machine language running on a micro-controller, or by other prior art digital message generation methods.
  • the digital message is transmitted by phase switching of the AC voltage signal provide by AC input voltage 203.
  • Receiver/LED bulb 604 includes a digital decoder, which monitors the incoming AC input voltage and decodes the transmitted digital message containing the desired setting. This may Include, amongst other things, light Intensity output and color saturation settings.
  • the desired settings are input to the LED controller and driver, which directly provides the appropriate drive current to the LED devices.
  • the message mode is used primarily during initial start-up or when a change to the setting is input by the end user.
  • the 'ON' mode is used when a message is not being transmitted.
  • triac 601 is placed in the 'closed' position, directly connecting AC input voltage 203 and receiver/LED bulb 604. This allows control parameters to be transmitted without the downside impact of unnecessary energy loss in the switch as well as harmonic distortion to the AC power grid.
  • the following table illustrates a non-limiting example the present invention where the digital message that is transmitted contains the desired dimming settings of receiver/LED bulb 604.
  • a look-up table may be used to simplify the cost and configuration of the system.
  • End user sets the desired dimming setting via transmitter/switch 600.
  • the desired setting is encoded in a digital message, which is transmitted and by transmitter/switch 600 and received by receiver/LED bulb 604.
  • the adjustment settings are defined by a 5-bit word, which results in seven discrete dimming settings and/or seven color adjustment setting and are described by a LUT such as the following:
  • Bit [21: Status; if bit [2]*0, adjust coloring; if bit 121 1 , adjust dimming level
  • FIGs 7a and 7b illustrate the basic operational waveforms of the present invention.
  • transmitter/switch 600 uses each half cycle of the AC input voltage to transmit one data bit.
  • transmitter/switch 600 uses each half cycle of the AC input voltage to transmit one data bit.
  • transmitter/switch 600 enables phase switching during a half cycle period, the bit value is set at ⁇ To set the bit value to ⁇ ', phase switching is disabled, essentially leaving the AC waveform unchanged during that half cycle.
  • the waveform shown In FIG 7b Is the full wave rectified signal from FIG 7a.
  • FIG 8 further Illustrates the waveforms of the present invention during the messaging mode and the 'ON' mode. As you can see, only during the messaging mode is phase switching of the AC input voltage enabled. Once the digital message has been transmitted, transmitter/switch 600 returns to the ON' mode, disabling phase switching, leaving the AC power-line waveform from AC input voltage 203 unaffected. Furthermore, although not shown, the messaging mode includes provisions for standard preamble/payioad packet formats.
  • FIG 9 illustrates the wiring configuration of one embodiment of the present invention where multiple devices are connected to AC Input voltage 203 via transmitter/switch 900, including receiver/appliance 904 and receiver/appliance 905.
  • receiver/appliance 904 and receiver/appliance 905 are capable of decoding digitally encoded messages and can be contain a unique client identifier. Therefore, the application or end user can individually address each device. For example, if receiver/appliance 904 and receiver/appliance 905 were lighting fixtures, the light output Intensity pf each device can be individually adjusted.
  • the messaging mode is used only for small periods of time both on duration and frequency, the AC input signal is largely unaffected. This makes it practical to couple standard devices 906 (devices without digital communication capabilities) to transmitter/switch 900 in order to provide AC input power.
  • a digital bit value of " ⁇ results from a non-phase switched half cycle and a digital bit value of ⁇ ' results from a leading-edge 90 degree switched half cycle.
  • the present Invention allows for alternative phase switching to be used for a digital bit value of '1' and ⁇ '.
  • a unique phase switching characteristic may be used to represent a digital bit value of ⁇ ", Including (a) leading-edge or traillng-edge phase switching as well as (b) the phase angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees.
  • a digital bit value of ⁇ may be represented by a leading-edge 45 degree phase switching
  • a digital bit value of '0' may be represented by a trailing ⁇ edge 90 degree phase switching.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant des communications numériques à travers des lignes électriques, lequel système comprend un module apte à coder un signal de données numériques par modification de la forme d'onde de courant alternatif (CA) par l'intermédiaire d'une commutation de déphasage, couplé à un second module apte à décoder le signal de données numériques. Chacun des premier et second modules de communication est configuré pour utiliser des signaux qui se propagent entre les premier et second supports de transmission.
PCT/US2013/000214 2012-09-20 2013-09-18 Procédé et appareil pour des communications numériques sur une infrastructure de distribution d'énergie WO2014046703A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201213573522A 2012-09-20 2012-09-20
US13/573,522 2012-09-20

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WO2014046703A1 true WO2014046703A1 (fr) 2014-03-27

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090039854A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Load control device having a gate current sensing circuit
US20100111099A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2010-05-06 Intellon Corporation, Sharp Corporation, Coppergate Communications Ltd. Communicating in a network that includes a medium having varying transmission characteristics
US20110043124A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2011-02-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Methods and apparatus for encoding information on an a.c. line voltage
US20110148318A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2011-06-23 Lightech Electronic Industries Ltd. Phase controlled dimming led driver system and method thereof
US20120091915A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-04-19 General Electric Company Power line communication method and apparatus for lighting control

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100111099A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2010-05-06 Intellon Corporation, Sharp Corporation, Coppergate Communications Ltd. Communicating in a network that includes a medium having varying transmission characteristics
US20090039854A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Load control device having a gate current sensing circuit
US20110043124A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2011-02-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Methods and apparatus for encoding information on an a.c. line voltage
US20110148318A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2011-06-23 Lightech Electronic Industries Ltd. Phase controlled dimming led driver system and method thereof
US20120091915A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-04-19 General Electric Company Power line communication method and apparatus for lighting control

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