WO2014046666A1 - Procédés et systèmes pour attribuer des crédits de recyclage - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes pour attribuer des crédits de recyclage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014046666A1
WO2014046666A1 PCT/US2012/056489 US2012056489W WO2014046666A1 WO 2014046666 A1 WO2014046666 A1 WO 2014046666A1 US 2012056489 W US2012056489 W US 2012056489W WO 2014046666 A1 WO2014046666 A1 WO 2014046666A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
manufacturer
recycled material
credit
recycling
executed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/056489
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Timothy Londergan
Feng Wan
Scott NEEDHAM
James Wang
Original Assignee
Empire Technology Development Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Empire Technology Development Llc filed Critical Empire Technology Development Llc
Priority to US13/825,032 priority Critical patent/US20140089074A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2012/056489 priority patent/WO2014046666A1/fr
Publication of WO2014046666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014046666A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/20—Administration of product repair or maintenance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/30—Administration of product recycling or disposal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • G06Q30/0207—Discounts or incentives, e.g. coupons or rebates
    • G06Q30/0226—Incentive systems for frequent usage, e.g. frequent flyer miles programs or point systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation

Definitions

  • Recycling is a process for processing used materials or waste into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials, to reduce energy usage from the production of new materials, to reduce air pollution caused by the incineration of waste materials, and to reduce water pollution as a result of landfilling. Recycling can reduce the need for conventional waste disposal and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared with virgin production of new materials.
  • Recycling efforts have gradually gained traction at city, state and federal levels. For example, the state of Washington uses recycling credits to encourage residents to increase recycling and to reduce waste production. A recycling bin for each residence is weighed prior to recycled material entering into the recycling process. The weight of the recycled material is used to determine the recycling credit (in this case, a dollar amount), which is refunded to the residence owner.
  • the recycling credit in this case, a dollar amount
  • a method of determining a recycling credit may include providing a total recycling credit for a recycled material, providing a manufacturer percentage of the recycled material for a manufacturer, wherein the manufacturer percentage comprises a percentage of the recycled material associated with the manufacturer, determining, by a processing device, a raw recycling credit to the manufacturer by multiplying the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage, and determining, by the processing device, a recycling credit to the manufacturer by adjusting the raw recycling credit with a manufacturer green credit determined based on a manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • a method of determining a recycling credit may include providing a total recycling credit for a recycled material, wherein at least a portion of the recycled material comprises a tag associated with a manufacturer, determining a manufacturer percentage corresponding to a percentage of the recycled material associated with the manufacturer based on the portion of the recycled material containing the tag, determining, by a processing device, a raw recycling credit to the manufacturer by multiplying the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage, and determining, by the processing device, a recycling credit to the manufacturer by adjusting the raw recycling credit with a manufacturer green credit determined based on a manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • a system for determining a recycling credit may include a processing device and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in operable communication with the processing device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium contains one or more programming instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to determine a total recycling credit for a recycled material, determine a manufacturer percentage of the recycled material for a manufacturer, wherein the manufacturer percentage comprises a percentage of the recycled material associated with the manufacturer, determine a raw recycling credit to the manufacturer by multiplying the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage, and determine a recycling credit to the manufacturer by adjusting the raw recycling credit with a manufacturer green credit determined based on a manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • a system for determining a recycling credit may include a processing device, an identification device in operable communication with the processor, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in operable communication with the processing device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium contains one or more programming instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to determine a total recycling credit for a recycled material, wherein at least a portion of the recycled material comprises a tag associated with a manufacturer, receive tag identification information pertaining to the tag on the at least a portion of the recycled material from the identification device, determine a manufacturer percentage corresponding to a percentage of the recycled material associated with the manufacturer based on the recycled material and the at least a portion of the recycled material comprising the tag, determine a raw recycling credit to the manufacturer by multiplying the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage, and determine a recycling credit to the manufacturer by adjusting the raw recycling credit with a manufacturer green credit determined based on a manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram for an illustrative method of determining a recycling credit according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a flow diagram for an alternate illustrative method of determining a recycling credit according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram for an illustrative system for determining a recycling credit according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of illustrative internal hardware that may be used to contain or implement program instructions according to an embodiment.
  • Average generation refers to an average number of times that a material is recycled. For example, if a material produced by a manufacturer is never recycled, the average generation for the material is 1, which means that the material is a virgin material or contains no recycled material. A second generation material means that the material is recycled once on average.
  • Environmental behavior refers to an action or inaction that results in an impact on the environment. Environmental behavior may result in deleterious effects such as pollution, increased energy consumption or waste products, and/or the like. Conversely, the use of green energy sources may be a positive environmental behavior. Additional or alternate environmental behaviors are also possible within the scope of this disclosure and will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the teachings herein.
  • Endomental soundness of a product design refers to the impact that a particular product design has upon the environment.
  • a product that is energy efficient, requires minimal CO 2 emissions, is recyclable, conserves resources, causes minimal environmental impact during use, has a simplified disassembly process, has long term usability, and reduces the use of environmentally harmful substances may have a product design that has a high environmental soundness.
  • a "manufacturer percentage" refers to a portion of a material assigned to a particular manufacturer.
  • the manufacturer percentage for a recycled material may correspond to an amount of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer divided by the total amount of the recycled material produced by all manufacturers. Alternately, the manufacturer percentage may correspond to an amount of the recycled material produced by a manufacturer that is recycled divided by the total amount of the recycled material that is recycled. Alternate methods of determining a manufacturer percentage are also envisioned within the scope of this disclosure.
  • a "recycling credit” refers to a credit provided to an entity for recycling a material.
  • a recycling credit may correspond to a cash refund or reward, a tax credit, or any other incentive provided to an individual or manufacturer, distributor or other corporate entity for recycling a material.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram for an illustrative method of determining a recycling credit according to an embodiment.
  • a total recycling credit for a recycled material may be provided 105.
  • the total recycling credit that is provided 105 may be equal to a sum of recycling credits assigned to one or more manufacturers for a recycled material.
  • the total recycling credit that is provided 105 may be equal to the product of a unit credit for recycling a unit amount of a recycled material and the amount of the recycled material that is recycled.
  • the recycled material may include a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting polymer or a combination thereof.
  • the recycled material may include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylates, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyamide, polyurethane or a combination thereof.
  • the recycled material includes epoxy resin, allyl resin, silicone, polyimide, polyurethane or a combination thereof.
  • the recycled material comprises a biodegradable polymer, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, poycaprolactone, polyanhydride, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharide, cellulose, cellulose esters, lignin, lignocellulose or a combination thereof.
  • the recycled material comprises metal, glass, ceramics or a combination thereof.
  • a manufacturer percentage of the recycled material is provided 110 for a manufacturer.
  • the manufacturer percentage comprises a percentage of the recycled material associated with the manufacturer.
  • the manufacturer percentage may correspond to an amount of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer divided by the total amount of the recycled material produced by all manufacturers.
  • the manufacturer percentage may correspond to an amount of the recycled material produced by a manufacturer that is recycled divided by the total amount of the recycled material that is recycled. Alternate methods of determining a manufacturer percentage are also envisioned within the scope of this disclosure and will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the manufacturer percentage comprises a percentage of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer by weight.
  • providing 110 a manufacturer percentage of the recycled material may include determining a chemical composition of the recycled material.
  • the chemical composition may include a plurality of chemical compounds and corresponding percentages of the recycled material attributable to each chemical compound.
  • Providing 110 a manufacturer percentage of the recycled material may further include determining the manufacturer percentage of the recycled material produced by a manufacturer based on the chemical composition of the recycled material.
  • providing 110 a manufacturer percentage may include determining the manufacturer percentage based on a market share of the manufacturer with respect to the recycled material.
  • the market share may be based on the amount of product sold within a territory that encompasses a recycling facility.
  • the market share may be determined based on visual inspection of some or all of the recycled material in order to determine a manufacturer of the recycled material.
  • a processing device may determine 115 a raw recycling credit to provide to the manufacturer by, for example, multiplying the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage.
  • the product of the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage may be equal to or approximately equal to the amount of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer.
  • the processing device may determine 120 a recycling credit to provide to the manufacturer by adjusting the raw recycling credit.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted with a manufacturer green credit.
  • the manufacturer green credit may be determined based on the manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • the manufacturer green credit may be used to adjust the recycling credit provided to the manufacturer positively or negatively depending upon the manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining an average amount of energy consumed during the production of the recycled material. If the average amount of energy consumed during production is above a threshold, the raw recycling credit may be reduced by a fixed amount or an amount proportional to the difference between the threshold and the average amount of energy consumed. Conversely, if the average amount of energy consumed during production is less than a threshold, the raw recycling credit may be increased by a fixed amount or an amount proportional to the difference between the threshold and the average amount of energy consumed.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining a measure of environmental soundness of a product design of the recycled material.
  • the environmental soundness of the product design of the recycled material may consider energy efficiency, CO 2 emissions, resource conservation, recyclability, environmental impact during use of the product incorporating the recycled material, a disassembly process, long term usability of the product, and/or a reduction in the use of environmentally harmful substances resulting from the product design or the use of the product.
  • Recycled material stemming from a product having a product design with high environmental soundness may receive an increase to the raw recycling credit.
  • a product design having low environmental soundness may receive a recycling credit that is less than the raw recycling credit.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining an average generation of the recycled material produced by the manufacturer.
  • the average generation refers to the number of times that the material is produced or recycled during its lifetime. For example, if a material is never recycled, it is considered to be first generation material. If the material is recycled once on average, the average generation of the recycled material is two, and so on. Recycled material having a higher average generation may cause the recycling credit to be increased. Conversely, recycled material having a lower average generation may cause the recycling credit to be decreased.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining a source for the recycled material. For example, a manufacturer may have a profile associated with their recycling efforts based on past data, proposals submitted to government agencies or the like. Identifying the source of the recycled material may enable such a profile to be accessed for determining the adjustment.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining information pertaining to the bio-origination of the recycled material.
  • Information regarding the material inserted into a product to be recycled may provide data regarding the recyclability of such materials.
  • the type of petroleum product such as crude oil vs. natural gas
  • Such a determination may be made based on the manufacturer's self-reporting or based on information gathered from tagging and tracking technology.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining a value equal to the amount of recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer and recycled divided by the total amount of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer. Such an adjustment may encourage the manufacturer to promote recycling of its products containing the recycled material.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a flow diagram for an alternate method of determining a recycling credit according to an embodiment.
  • a total recycling credit for a recycled material may be provided 205, in which at least a portion of the recycled material includes a tag associated with the manufacturer.
  • recycled material (or a portion thereof) that is produced by a producer may be tagged using a tagging technology. The tag may then be read and used to determine information regarding the recycled material. Any tagging technology and/or corresponding tag reader system known by those of ordinary skill in the art may be used within the scope of this disclosure.
  • the tagging technologies useful for the purpose may include, but are not limited to, RFID tagging, magnetic tagging, fluorescence tagging, quantum dot tagging, isotope tagging (such as 13 C, 18 0, 2 H, 15 N, 33 S, 34 S or a combination thereof), absorption spectrum tagging (such as infrared (IR) absorption or ultraviolet (UV) absorption), emission spectrum tagging, or a combination thereof.
  • the corresponding tag identification technologies may include, but are not limited to, RFID readers, Raman spectrometers, IR spectrometers, UV spectrometers, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers, mass spectrometers, elemental analysis, fluorescence spectrometers, or a combination thereof.
  • the recycled material may generally include the types of materials disclosed above in reference to FIG. 1.
  • a manufacturer percentage corresponding to a percentage of the recycled material associated with the manufacturer based on the portion of the recycled material containing the tag may be determined 210. For example, if half of the recycled material contains a tag associated with a particular manufacturer, the manufacture percentage may be 50% for the recycled material. Alternate determinations may also be made within the scope of this disclosure. For example, a total amount of recycled material containing a tag from a manufacturer, a percentage of the total amount of material produced by a manufacturer that could be recycled or numerous other metrics may be determined.
  • a processing device may determine 215 a raw recycling credit to provide to the manufacturer by, for example, multiplying the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage.
  • the product of the total recycling credit and the manufacturer percentage may be equal to or approximately equal to the amount of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer.
  • the processing device may determine 220 a recycling credit to provide to the manufacturer by adjusting the raw recycling credit.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted with a manufacturer green credit.
  • the manufacturer green credit may be determined based on the manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • the manufacturer green credit may be used to adjust 220 the recycling credit provided to the manufacturer positively or negatively depending upon the manufacturer's environmental behavior.
  • Exemplary reasons for adjusting 220 the raw recycling credit may include an average amount of energy consumed when producing the recycled material, a measure of the environmental soundness of the product design of the recycled material, an average generation of the recycled material produced by the manufacturer, a source for the recycled material, information pertaining to the bio-origination of the recycled material, information pertaining to the petroleum origination of the recycled material, and the like. Exemplary adjustments are discussed above in reference to FIG. 1.
  • the raw recycling credit may be adjusted 120 by determining a value equal to the amount of recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer and recycled divided by the total amount of the recycled material that is produced by the manufacturer. Such an adjustment may encourage the manufacturer to promote recycling of its products containing the recycled material.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram for an illustrative system for determining a recycling credit according to an embodiment.
  • the system 300 may include a processing device 305 and a recycling system 310.
  • An exemplary processing device 305 is disclosed in reference to FIG. 4.
  • the recycling system 310 may incorporate sub-units, such as 315a-N dedicated to recycling particular materials.
  • Each recycled material sub-unit, such as 315a may provide information to the processing device regarding the material that is recycled in the sub-unit.
  • a recycled material sub-unit 315a may include a scanner 320a that scans tags associated with the material being recycled in order to obtain information stored on the tags.
  • This information may be passed to the processing device 305 for further processing such as is described in reference to the figures above. Additionally or alternately, the processing device 305 may be in operable communication with one or more of a manufacturer 325 of material that is recycled, a governmental agency 330, or the like in order to obtain information regarding the material that is being recycled or other pertinent information. The processing device 305 may use the information that it receives to, inter alia, determine a recycling credit to provide to one or more manufacturers.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of exemplary internal hardware that may be used to contain or implement program instructions, such as the process steps discussed above in reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, according to embodiments.
  • a bus 400 serves as the main information highway interconnecting the other illustrated components of the hardware.
  • CPU 405 is the central processing unit of the system, performing calculations and logic operations required to execute a program.
  • CPU 405 alone or in conjunction with one or more of the other elements disclosed in FIG. 4, is an exemplary processing device, computing device or processor as such terms are used within this disclosure.
  • Read only memory (ROM) 410 and random access memory (RAM) 415 constitute exemplary memory devices (i.e., processor-readable non-transitory storage media).
  • a controller 420 interfaces with one or more optional memory devices 425 to the system bus 400.
  • These memory devices 425 may include, for example, an external or internal DVD drive, a CD ROM drive, a hard drive, flash memory, a USB drive or the like. As indicated previously, these various drives and controllers are optional devices.
  • Program instructions, software or interactive modules for providing the interface and performing any querying or analysis associated with one or more data sets may be stored in the ROM 410 and/or the RAM 415.
  • the program instructions may be stored on a tangible computer readable medium such as a compact disk, a digital disk, flash memory, a memory card, a USB drive, an optical disc storage medium, such as a Blu-rayTM disc, and/or other non- transitory storage media.
  • An optional display interface 430 may permit information from the bus 400 to be displayed on the display 435 in audio, visual, graphic or alphanumeric format. Communication with external devices, such as a print device, may occur using various communication ports 440.
  • An exemplary communication port 440 may be attached to a communications network, such as the Internet or an intranet.
  • the hardware may also include an interface 445 which allows for receipt of data from input devices such as a keyboard 450 or other input device 455 such as a mouse, a joystick, a touch screen, a remote control, a pointing device, a video input device and/or an audio input device.
  • input devices such as a keyboard 450 or other input device 455 such as a mouse, a joystick, a touch screen, a remote control, a pointing device, a video input device and/or an audio input device.
  • a manufacturer that makes plastic products identifies that it distributes 1.5 million pounds of plastic products into a particular jurisdiction having a recycling center in a given time period and provides this information to the recycling center.
  • the recycling center identifies that it recycles 10 million pounds of plastics in the same time period and attributes 15% as the manufacturer percentage for that manufacturer.
  • the recycling center further identifies a total recycling credit for plastic of $100,000.
  • the manufacturer is thus assigned a raw recycling credit of $15,000 for the recycled plastics in that jurisdiction.
  • the manufacturer produces its plastics using dated technology that relies on carbon-based fuels and does not use a significant amount of recycled materials when developing its products. As such, an adjustment of $1,000 is made to the raw recycling credit resulting in a $14,000 credit being assigned to the manufacturer.
  • a recycling center identifies that it recycles 50 million pounds of aluminum in a given period of time.
  • the recycling center includes a scanner that enables identification of tags placed on the aluminum that it recycles.
  • the recycling center identifies that 15% of the aluminum that passes through the recycling center includes a tag identifying that the associated aluminum was produced by a particular manufacturer. As such, the recycling center determines that a manufacturer's percentage for the manufacturer for aluminum is 15%.
  • the recycling center further identifies a total recycling credit for aluminum of $100,000.
  • the manufacturer is thus assigned a raw recycling credit of $15,000 for the recycled aluminum in that jurisdiction.
  • the manufacturer produces its aluminum using clean technologies and uses recycled products to generate the aluminum that it uses in its products.
  • compositions, methods, and devices are described in terms of “comprising” various components or steps (interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to”), the compositions, methods, and devices can also “consist essentially of or “consist of the various components and steps, and such terminology should be interpreted as defining essentially closed-member groups.
  • a system having at least one of A, B, and C would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.).
  • a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g. , " a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.).
  • a range includes each individual member.
  • a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells.
  • a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des systèmes pour déterminer un crédit de recyclage. Un crédit de recyclage total pour un matériau recyclé peut être obtenu. Un pourcentage de fabricant du matériau recyclé pour un fabricant peut également être obtenu. Le pourcentage de fabricant peut être un pourcentage du matériau recyclé associé au fabricant. Un dispositif de traitement peut déterminer un crédit de recyclage brut pour le fabricant par la multiplication du crédit de recyclage total et du pourcentage de fabricant. Le dispositif de traitement peut en outre déterminer un crédit de recyclage à communiquer au fabricant par l'adaptation du crédit de recyclage brut à un crédit écologique de fabricant déterminé sur la base du comportement environnemental du fabricant.
PCT/US2012/056489 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 Procédés et systèmes pour attribuer des crédits de recyclage WO2014046666A1 (fr)

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US13/825,032 US20140089074A1 (en) 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 Methods and systems for assigning recycling credits
PCT/US2012/056489 WO2014046666A1 (fr) 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 Procédés et systèmes pour attribuer des crédits de recyclage

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TWI622006B (zh) * 2016-08-31 2018-04-21 楊琛 有價物交易系統及其交易方法
US11514408B2 (en) * 2020-06-16 2022-11-29 Continuus Materials Intellectual Property, Llc System and method for waste diversion

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