WO2014045837A1 - Battery pack and battery pack capacity calculation method - Google Patents

Battery pack and battery pack capacity calculation method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014045837A1
WO2014045837A1 PCT/JP2013/073302 JP2013073302W WO2014045837A1 WO 2014045837 A1 WO2014045837 A1 WO 2014045837A1 JP 2013073302 W JP2013073302 W JP 2013073302W WO 2014045837 A1 WO2014045837 A1 WO 2014045837A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
capacity
load
charge
discharge current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/073302
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
忠大 吉田
Original Assignee
Ｎｅｃエナジーデバイス株式会社
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2014045837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014045837A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack using a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and a method of calculating the capacity of the battery pack.
  • Lithium ion secondary batteries are charged and discharged by moving lithium ions between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and have high energy density and high output battery characteristics, so they have recently been applied in various fields.
  • a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary unit batteries such as lithium ion batteries are connected in series may be used as an energy source for electrically assisted bicycles.
  • the current sensor 5 for detecting the current flowing in the current path, the first-order lag filter 6 for filtering the output of the current sensor, and the analog signal filtered by the first-order lag filter are converted to digital signals.
  • a current integrating circuit device including an A / D converter 11 for converting and a proportional integrator 12 for proportionally integrating a digital signal output from the A / D converter, and a secondary battery pack using the same.
  • the secondary battery pack disclosed in Document 1 measures the capacity by proportionally integrating the output of the current sensor, it has a wide detection range for measuring the capacity and a high S / N ratio (Signal / Noise ratio) current measurement There is a problem that the system is required, and the capacity measuring system becomes complicated and expensive.
  • the discharge current supplied by the battery pack is approximately several 10 A at the maximum during assist, but when not assisted or when the electrically assisted bicycle stands by When it becomes, it becomes about several tens of mA, and a difference of three digits or more occurs. Therefore, when measuring the current with the current sensor for any current and calculating the capacity by time integration, the detection range is wide (10 bits or more in the range of the A / D converter), high S / N (at least The need for a current measurement system (to the extent that minute signals of about several tens of mA can be accurately measured) becomes necessary, and the measurement system becomes complicated and expensive.
  • the battery pack according to the present invention is a battery pack that supplies power to a load, and a measurement unit that measures the charge and discharge current of the battery pack.
  • a load information acquisition unit for acquiring information of the capacity demand of the load, and based on the acquired information of the capacity demand, determine the capacity from the measured charge / discharge current or determine the capacity according to the information of the capacity demand It has a determination part which determines whether it calculates
  • the battery pack according to the present invention is a battery pack that supplies power to a load, and a measurement unit that measures the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and determines whether the charge and discharge current has a predetermined value. And a determination unit that determines whether to determine a capacitance based on the measured charge / discharge current based on the determination result of the determination unit or a capacitance demand based on the determination made by the determination unit And a capacity calculation unit that calculates the
  • the determination unit determines whether the charge and discharge current is equal to or greater than a reference value and less than zero.
  • the information of the capacity demand includes the standby current of the electric circuit constituting the load.
  • the battery pack which concerns on this invention contains a light emitting element in this electric circuit.
  • the light emitting element is a light.
  • the battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the load is a power assist bicycle or an electric vehicle.
  • the method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack is a method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack that calculates the capacity of a battery pack that supplies electric power to a load, and the measuring step of measuring the charge and discharge current of the battery pack
  • the capacity information is obtained from the measured charge / discharge current based on the load information acquisition step of acquiring information on the capacity demand of the load and the acquired information on the capacity demand, or the capacity is determined based on the information on the capacity demand And a determination step of determining
  • the method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack is a method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack that calculates the capacity of a battery pack that supplies electric power to a load, and the measuring step of measuring the charge and discharge current of the battery pack
  • the determination step it is determined whether the charge and discharge current is equal to or greater than a reference value and less than zero.
  • the information of the capacity demand includes the standby current of the electric circuit constituting the load.
  • the electric circuit includes a light emitting element.
  • the light emitting element is a light.
  • the battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the load is a power assist bicycle or an electric vehicle.
  • the capacity of the battery pack is detected based on load information (capacity demand information) and battery pack information (charge / discharge current).
  • load information capacity demand information
  • battery pack information charge / discharge current
  • the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 of the present embodiment includes seven unit batteries 11 electrically connected in series.
  • the unit battery 11 uses a flat lithium ion secondary battery covered with a laminate film.
  • the load 2 of the present embodiment is a motor 20 driven by a drive circuit 21.
  • the load 2 may be provided with a plurality of drive circuits for driving a light, a liquid crystal display, and the like.
  • the battery pack 1 and the load 2 are electrically connected by fitting the connector 22 mounted on the load 2 to the connector 12 mounted on the battery pack 1.
  • a charge switch 13 and a discharge switch 14 are electrically connected in series between the high potential side terminal of the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 and the positive terminal 1 B of the connector 12. Further, a current detection resistor 15 is electrically connected between the low potential side terminal of the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 and the negative terminal 4 B of the connector 12.
  • the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13 both use P-channel MOSFETs, the drain terminals D of each other are connected, and the source terminal S is the positive electrode of the secondary battery 10 and the connector 12. Each is connected to the positive terminal 1B.
  • the gate terminal G is connected to the battery pack control circuit 16.
  • the positive terminal 1 L and the negative terminal 4 L of the connector 22 are electrically connected to the drive circuit 21 of the load 2.
  • the motor 20 of the present embodiment is a direct current motor
  • the drive circuit 21 is a full bridge circuit configured by power MOSFETs
  • the positive terminal 1L and the negative terminal 4L serve as the high side and low side power supplies of the full bridge circuit. Each is connected.
  • the load control circuit 23 controls the amount of current supplied to the motor 20 (that is, motor driving torque, motor rotation speed, etc.) by changing the voltage of the gate terminal of the power MOSFET.
  • the load control circuit 23 of the present embodiment can be realized by a general-purpose CPU.
  • the drive circuit 21 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 10 via the positive terminal 1B and the positive terminal 1L, and the negative terminal 4B and the negative terminal 4L, which are electrically connected to each other by fitting the connector 12 and the connector 22 to each other.
  • the load control circuit 23 is supplied with power from the secondary battery 10 via the positive terminal 1L and the negative terminal 4L.
  • a battery pack control circuit 16 mounted on the battery pack 1 controls charging / discharging of the secondary battery 10 by controlling opening (off) and closing (on) of the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 switches and outputs the voltage at which the MOSFET is turned on and the voltage at which it is turned off to each of the gate terminals G of the P-channel MOSFETs used for the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13. The off and on of the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13 are controlled.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 of the present embodiment can be realized by a general-purpose CPU. Further, the battery pack control circuit 16 receives supply of power from the secondary battery 10 via the high potential side terminal and the low potential side terminal of the secondary battery 10.
  • the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 of the battery pack control circuit 16 measures the voltage difference between both ends of the current detection resistor 15 which is A / D converted and measured by an A / D converter (not shown) incorporated in the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161.
  • the charge / discharge current of the secondary battery 10 is measured based on that.
  • the communication circuit 162 of the battery pack control circuit 16 and the communication circuit 231 mounted on the load control circuit 23 of the load 2 are the communication terminal 3 B of the connector 12 and the communication terminal 3 L of the connector 22. Connected through.
  • a one-wire serial communication circuit is used as the communication circuit. Therefore, when the communication terminal 3B and the communication terminal 3L are connected, the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 can perform one-wire serial communication.
  • the communication circuit may employ two-wire asynchronous serial communication, synchronous three-wire serial communication, parallel communication, and the like. In this case, although the required number of communication terminals changes, the number of connector terminals may be changed according to each communication method.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 acquires the state of the communication circuit 231 of the load 2 by measuring the time from the communication circuit 162 to the communication circuit 231 after the communication request has been issued by the timer 163.
  • the timer 163 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of counter circuits (not shown) for measuring time by measuring the number of times of rising of a clock signal output from a clock circuit (not shown).
  • the measurement time of the timer 163 can be set to 0 by inputting a clear signal to a clear terminal (not shown) of each counter circuit.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 of the present embodiment counts the elapsed time from the transmission by the timer 163, with the time when the communication request is transmitted from the communication circuit 162 to the communication circuit 231 as 0, and the elapsed time is a predetermined timeout time. If there is no response from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162, the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 determine that they are disconnected, and then the communication circuit 162 sends a communication request to the communication circuit 231 again.
  • the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 determine that they are in the open state, and after the time-out time elapses, the communication circuit 162 sends the communication circuit 231 again. Send a communication request.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 When the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 are in the disconnected state, the battery pack control circuit 16 according to the present embodiment measures the duration of the disconnected state by the timer 163, and the duration time of the disconnected state is a first reference time. When it exceeds, it is determined that the load state is in the communication stop state. And after that, the battery pack control circuit 16 of this embodiment stops the measurement in the timer 163 of the continuation time of a disconnection state.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 of this embodiment determines that the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 are in the open state, it determines that the load state is not in the communication stop state, and the timer 163 of the continuation time of the disconnection state Release the stop of measurement of.
  • the load 2 is an electrically assisted bicycle
  • the above-mentioned first reference time is desirably 0.1 seconds to 100 seconds.
  • the first reference time is one second.
  • a power assist bicycle is described as an example of the load 2, but the present invention can be applied to a load 2 such as an electric car.
  • the memory 164 records the state of the load 2 acquired via the communication circuit 162.
  • the memory 164 has a plurality of recording areas whose recording positions are specified by a plurality of addresses.
  • the state of load 2 includes information on capacity demand of load 2 and standby status information.
  • the information of the capacity demand of the load 2 in the present embodiment represents the information of the capacity consumed by the load 2, and the information of the capacity demand includes the information of the standby current of the load 2.
  • the standby current of the load 2 refers to the steady state consumed by the electric circuit of the load 2 when the load control circuit 23 stops driving the motor 20 and stops the function of the load control circuit 23 including the communication circuit 231. Dark current. This dark current can be measured in advance because it is a current consumption inherent to the electric circuit of the load 2. The standby current measured in advance is recorded in the memory 232 mounted in the load control circuit 23 of the present embodiment.
  • the standby status information includes at least a standby flag indicating whether the load 2 is in the standby state.
  • a flash memory can be used as the memory 164 and the memory 232 of this embodiment.
  • the battery pack 1 When communication with the load 2 is in the open state (that is, when the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 are in the open state), the battery pack 1 acquires information on the standby current of the load 2 via the communication circuit 162. , Recording in the recording area (not shown) of the standby current of the memory 164.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 of the present embodiment information of typical standby current of the load 2 is recorded in advance in the recording region of the standby current of the memory 164. Further, the memory 164 of the present embodiment also records the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 10 measured in advance.
  • the capacity calculation circuit 165 calculates the charge / discharge capacity of the battery pack 1 based on the measurement result of the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 and the information of the standby current of the load 2 read from the memory 164.
  • the capacitance calculation circuit 165 of this embodiment first divides the voltage difference between both ends of the current detection resistor 15 measured by the built-in A / D converter of the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 by the resistance value of the current detection resistor 15 and The charge / discharge current detection value of In the capacitance calculation circuit 165, the negative value of the charge / discharge current detection value is used as the discharge current value. Then, capacity calculation circuit 165 multiplies the current charge / discharge current detection value by the time from the current A / D conversion start time to the next A / D conversion start time to obtain the current charge / discharge capacity detection value. .
  • the dark current of the load 2 is as large as several tens of mA, and it is difficult to determine the presence or absence of the power demand at the load only from the charge / discharge current detected by the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161.
  • the capacity calculation circuit 165 also reads the information of the standby current of the load 2 from the recording region of the standby current of the memory 164, and the time from the current A / D conversion start time to the next A / D conversion start time To obtain the current standby discharge capacity value.
  • the standby discharge capacitance value is a negative value.
  • capacity calculation circuit 165 integrates the above-described charge / discharge capacity detection value and / or standby discharge capacity value to the current charge / discharge capacity to charge secondary battery 10. Let it be the discharge capacity.
  • Pull-up resistor 167 of battery pack control circuit 16 is a resistor having one end connected to the high potential side terminal of secondary battery 10 and the other end connected to operation switch terminal 2 B of connector 12. .
  • the potential of the operation switch terminal 2B is input to the input circuit 166.
  • the operation switch terminal 2 B is connected to the operation switch terminal 2 L of the load 2.
  • the operation switch terminal is connected to one end of the operation switch 233, and the other end of the operation switch 233 is connected to the negative terminal 4 L of the connector 22.
  • the operation switch 233 of the present embodiment is a toggle switch.
  • the potential input to the input circuit 166 approaches the terminal potential on the high potential side of the secondary battery 10 when the operation switch is turned off (or the operation switch terminal 3B and the operation switch terminal 3L are not connected), and the operation switch 233 Approaches the terminal potential of the negative terminal 4L.
  • the input circuit 166 binarizes the input potential through a comparator with hysteresis (not shown) and then inputs the input potential to the battery pack control circuit 16.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 operates the operation switch 233. When the switch is off, it is in the H (High) state, and when it is on, the switch can be determined to be in the L (Low) state.
  • the maximum input voltage to input circuit 166 can be adjusted using a voltage regulator circuit or the like instead of pull-up resistor 167 described above. .
  • step 01 the battery pack control circuit 16 determines the condition of the load based on the input condition to the input circuit 166.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the operation switch 233 is in the off state when the input to the input circuit 166 is in the H state (step 01 Yes).
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the operation switch 233 is not in the off state (Step 01 No).
  • step 01 described above the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the operation switch 233 is in the off and on states, respectively, when the input to the input circuit 166 is in the H and L states.
  • This determination can also be made based on the instantaneous input state to the input circuit 166, but desirably, when the input state to the input circuit 166 continues for a predetermined time, the operation switch 233 is off and on respectively. It can also be judged that it is in the state.
  • the operation switch 233 since the operation switch 233 is assumed to be operated by a person, when the input state to the input circuit 166 continues for 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds, the operation switch 233 It is good to judge that they are off and on respectively. In particular, in the present embodiment, when the input state to the input circuit 166 continues for one second, it is determined that the operation switch 233 is in the off state and the on state, respectively.
  • the timer 163 measures the continuation time of the input state of the input circuit 166, and when the same input state continues for one second or more, the operation switch 233 is in the off state and the on state, respectively.
  • the potential of the terminal operation switch terminal 2B may be input to the input circuit 166 through a low pass filter (not shown) having a time constant of 1 second.
  • step 02 the battery pack control circuit 16 determines the condition of the load based on the communication condition of the communication circuit 231.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 advances the process to step 03 if the load state is in the communication stop state (Yes in step 02), and ends the process if the load state is not in the communication stop state (No in step 02). .
  • step 03 the battery pack control circuit 16 determines whether the discharge switch 14 is on or off based on the current output voltage to the gate terminal G of the discharge switch 14. The battery pack control circuit 16 proceeds the process to step 04 when the discharge switch 14 is on (Yes in step 03), and ends the process when the discharge switch 14 is off (No in step 03).
  • step 04 the battery pack control circuit 16 ends the processing after the discharge switch 14 is turned off.
  • step 05 the battery pack control circuit 16 determines on / off of the discharge switch 14 based on the current output voltage to the gate terminal G of the discharge switch 14.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 proceeds the process to step 06 if the discharge switch 14 is off (Yes in step 05), and ends the process if the discharge switch 14 is off (No in step 05).
  • step 06 the battery pack control circuit 16 ends the processing after the discharge switch 14 is turned on.
  • the presence or absence of the power demand of the load 2 which is the energy supply destination is determined based on the load state. Because the discharge control switch 14 controls the supply of the battery pack 1, the usage time of the battery pack 1 can be extended even when the standby power of the load 2 is large.
  • the method of discharging the battery pack 1 based on the state of load has been described in detail, but the method of discharging the battery pack 1 based on the state of load described above is a method of discharging based on the state of the battery pack Even when used in combination, the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 of the battery pack 1 gives priority to the state of the load and the discharge switch. 14 is turned off, or the battery pack control circuit 16 measures the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 10, and if the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 10 is smaller than a predetermined overdischarge voltage, priority is given to the state of the load.
  • the discharge switch 14 By turning off the discharge switch 14 or the like, the battery can also be protected from over current, short circuit and over discharge while obtaining the effects of the present invention.
  • the discharge switch 14 is prioritized over the state of the load. It may be used in combination with other battery protection, such as turning off.
  • a MOSFET is used as the charge switch 13.
  • the battery pack 1 can output the discharge current via the parasitic diode of the charge switch 13 regardless of whether the charge switch 13 is on or off.
  • the charge switch 13 be turned on while the discharge current is flowing.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the discharge current is flowing from the secondary battery 10 based on the measurement result of the charge / discharge current in the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 (more simply, When the battery pack control circuit 16 turns on the discharge switch 14), it is desirable to turn on the charge switch 13 as well.
  • the battery pack control circuit 16 transmits a communication request from the communication circuit 162 to the communication circuit 231.
  • the load control circuit 23 sends a communication request from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162
  • the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
  • the load control circuit 23 transmits a communication request to the load control circuit 23 from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162 at predetermined communication time intervals measured by a built-in timer (not shown), and the battery pack control circuit
  • the timer 16 counts the time spent without receiving a communication request from the communication circuit 231 by the timer 163, and when the time spent without receiving this communication request exceeds a predetermined timeout time, the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162 If it is determined that the communication circuit 231 is in the disconnection state and a communication request is received from the communication circuit 231, it can be determined that the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162 are in the open state.
  • the above-mentioned communication time interval can be desirably less than the first reference time.
  • the “communication stop state” or the “operation switch off state” is used as the state of the load 2.
  • the load 2 transmits the "state of presence / absence of power demand" of the load 2 as communication data to the battery pack 1 via the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162, and the battery pack control circuit 16 It is possible to judge the condition based on the communication data of “presence or absence” and turn off the discharge switch 14 when there is no power demand, and turn on the discharge switch 14 when there is a power demand.
  • the capacity calculation circuit 165 reads the standby flag from the memory 164, and when the standby flag is 1, selects the standby discharge capacity value as the capacity to be integrated to the current charge and discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10 (Yes in step 11). On the other hand, when the standby flag is not 1 (ie, when the standby flag is 0), the charge / discharge capacity value is selected as the capacity to be integrated to the current charge / discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10 (step 11 No).
  • the capacity calculation circuit 165 adds the selected standby discharge capacity value or charge / discharge capacity value to the current charge / discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10, and replaces the current charge / discharge capacity with this addition result.
  • the capacity calculation circuit 165 reads the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 10 from the memory 164 and adds the current charge / discharge capacity to the full charge capacity to obtain the result of detection of the capacity of the battery pack 1.
  • the capacity of the battery pack 1 can be detected with high accuracy with a simple circuit configuration.
  • the “standby discharge capacity value” is measured based on the dark current of the load 2.
  • the measurement is performed based on the sum of the dark current of the load 2 and the dark current of the electric circuit of the battery pack 1
  • the effects of the present invention can be obtained. Since the dark current of the electric circuit of the battery pack 1 is a consumption current inherent to the electric circuit of the battery pack 1, the dark current is measured in advance and recorded in the memory 164 to detect the capacity in the capacity calculation circuit 165. It can be added.
  • the capacity calculation circuit 165 integrates the current charge / discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10
  • the standby discharge capacity value is selected as (step 31 Yes).
  • the current reference value takes a negative value.
  • the charge / discharge capacity value is selected as the capacity to be integrated with the current charge / discharge capacity of secondary battery 10 (step 31 No) .
  • the current reference value be larger than the resolution of the built-in A / D converter of the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 in comparison of absolute values.
  • 10 A and 10 mA are assumed as typical values of the maximum discharge current and standby current from the battery pack 1, respectively. Therefore, the charge and discharge current is set by setting the current reference value to 80 mA.
  • the dynamic range of the built-in A / D converter of the detection circuit 161 is suppressed to a simple circuit configuration such as 8 bits (including 1 sign bit, 1 bit is 78 mA), and a wide detection range of 3 digits or more and a high S / S. Capacitance detection of a highly accurate battery pack having N can be realized.
  • the capacity of the secondary battery can be detected with high accuracy with a simple circuit configuration.
  • the standby current of the load 2 is a steady dark current to simplify the description.
  • a light mounted on a motor-assisted bicycle Information on the current consumption of the light emitting element such as
  • the load 2 is mounted with a lamp to which power is supplied from the positive terminal 1L and the negative terminal 4L of the connector 22, and power supply (lighting) and interruption (lighting out) to the lamp are performed.
  • a light switch for switching is mounted, and the load control circuit 23 switches the light switch to control the turning on and off of the light, and the memory 232 contains information on the current required to turn on the light and the light.
  • a lighting flag indicating whether the light is on or off is recorded, and the lighting flag is transferred if it is transferred through the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162 and is recorded in the memory 164, and further, it is shown in FIG.
  • step 3 when “step 11" is “Yes” and the lighting flag indicates lighting, the current required for the lighting and the standby current are integrated over time, and “step 11" is “Yes” and the lighting flag When referring to off, be modified similarly to integrating the standby current time step 12, the effect of the present invention is obtained.
  • the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 includes seven unit cells 11 electrically connected in series, the number of unit cells included in the battery pack and the electrical connection
  • the form can be appropriately changed depending on the output voltage and capacity required for the battery pack, and can be, for example, a total of 20 unit cells in which two rows of 10 unit cells connected in series are connected in parallel.
  • the effects of the present invention can be obtained by using a battery of another form such as a cylindrical battery, a rectangular battery, or a nickel hydrogen battery instead of a laminate type lithium ion battery as the unit battery 11.
  • the present invention relates to a battery pack using a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and a method of calculating the capacity of the battery pack.
  • a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery
  • the detection range is wide (10 bits or more in the A / D converter range) and high S / N in order to measure the discharge current of the battery pack.
  • a current measurement system (at least a level capable of accurately measuring a minute signal of about several tens of mA) is required, and the measurement system is complicated and expensive.
  • the capacity of the battery pack is detected based on load information (capacity demand information) and battery pack information (charge / discharge current). It is possible to measure the capacity of the battery pack with high accuracy with a simple circuit configuration, and the industrial applicability is very large.

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Abstract

In order to provide a battery pack that has a simple circuit configuration and that is capable of measuring the capacity of said battery pack with high precision, this battery pack supplies power to a load and comprises: a measurement unit that measures the charge/discharge current of the battery pack; a load information acquisition unit that acquires information about the capacity demand of the load; a determination unit that, on the basis of the acquired information about capacity demand, determines whether to determine capacity from the measured charge/discharge current or to determine capacity from the information about capacity demand (Step 11); and a capacity calculation unit that calculates capacity in accordance with the determination of the determination unit.

Description

電池パック及び電池パックの容量算出方法Battery pack and battery pack capacity calculation method
　本発明は、リチウムイオン電池などの二次電池を用いた電池パック及び、電池パックの容量算出方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a battery pack using a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and a method of calculating the capacity of the battery pack.
　リチウムイオン二次電池は、リチウムイオンが負極と正極とを移動することにより充放電が行われ、高エネルギー密度で、高出力である電池特性を有することから、近年、様々な分野で応用されている。例えば、自転車の電動アシストのためのエネルギー源として、リチウムイオン電池などの二次単位電池を複数個直列に接続した電池パックが利用されることがある。 Lithium ion secondary batteries are charged and discharged by moving lithium ions between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and have high energy density and high output battery characteristics, so they have recently been applied in various fields. There is. For example, a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary unit batteries such as lithium ion batteries are connected in series may be used as an energy source for electrically assisted bicycles.
　このような用途に適用される電池パックでは、電池パックに蓄えられている容量（残容量）を正確に計測することが求められている。 In a battery pack applied to such a use, it is required to accurately measure the capacity (remaining capacity) stored in the battery pack.
　例えば、特許文献１には、「通電路を流れる電流を検出する電流センサ５と、電流センサの出力をフィルタリングする１次遅れフィルタ６と、１次遅れフィルタでフィルタリングされたアナログ信号をデジタル信号に変換するＡ／Ｄ変換器１１と、Ａ／Ｄ変換器から出力されるデジタル信号を比例積分する比例積分器１２を備える」電流積算回路装置およびこれを用いた二次電池パックが開示されている。
特開２０１０－２２３７８１号公報 For example, in Patent Document 1, “the current sensor 5 for detecting the current flowing in the current path, the first-order lag filter 6 for filtering the output of the current sensor, and the analog signal filtered by the first-order lag filter are converted to digital signals. Disclosed is a current integrating circuit device including an A / D converter 11 for converting and a proportional integrator 12 for proportionally integrating a digital signal output from the A / D converter, and a secondary battery pack using the same. .
Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2010-223781
　文献１に開示された二次電池パックは、電流センサの出力を比例積分して容量を計測するので、容量の計測に検出レンジが広くかつ高Ｓ／Ｎ比（Ｓｉｇｎａｌ／Ｎｏｉｓｅ ｒａｔｉｏ）な電流計測系が必要になり、容量の計測系が煩雑で高価になるとの課題があった。 Since the secondary battery pack disclosed in Document 1 measures the capacity by proportionally integrating the output of the current sensor, it has a wide detection range for measuring the capacity and a high S / N ratio (Signal / Noise ratio) current measurement There is a problem that the system is required, and the capacity measuring system becomes complicated and expensive.
　つまり、電池パックからエネルギーを供給して電動アシスト自転車などを駆動する場合、電池パックが供給する放電電流は、アシスト時に最大で数１０Ａ程度になるが、非アシスト時や電動アシスト自転車が待機状態になった時には、数１０ｍＡ程度になり、３桁以上の差が生じる。従って、何れの電流に対しても電流センサで電流計測し、時間積算して容量を算出する場合、検出レンジが広く（Ａ／Ｄ変換器のレンジで１０ｂｉｔ以上）、高Ｓ／Ｎ（少なくも、数１０ｍＡ程度の微小信号が正確に計測可能な程度）の電流計測系が必要になり、計測系が煩雑で高価になった。 That is, when energy is supplied from the battery pack to drive an electrically assisted bicycle, etc., the discharge current supplied by the battery pack is approximately several 10 A at the maximum during assist, but when not assisted or when the electrically assisted bicycle stands by When it becomes, it becomes about several tens of mA, and a difference of three digits or more occurs. Therefore, when measuring the current with the current sensor for any current and calculating the capacity by time integration, the detection range is wide (10 bits or more in the range of the A / D converter), high S / N (at least The need for a current measurement system (to the extent that minute signals of about several tens of mA can be accurately measured) becomes necessary, and the measurement system becomes complicated and expensive.
　本発明は、このような課題を解決するためのものであって、本発明に係る電池パックは、負荷に電力を供給する電池パックであって、該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測部と、該負荷の容量需要の情報を取得する負荷情報取得部と、取得された該容量需要の情報に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定部と、前記決定部における決定に応じて容量を算出する容量算出部と、を有する。 The present invention is to solve such problems, and the battery pack according to the present invention is a battery pack that supplies power to a load, and a measurement unit that measures the charge and discharge current of the battery pack. Or a load information acquisition unit for acquiring information of the capacity demand of the load, and based on the acquired information of the capacity demand, determine the capacity from the measured charge / discharge current or determine the capacity according to the information of the capacity demand It has a determination part which determines whether it calculates | requires, and the capacity | capacitance calculation part which calculates a capacity | capacitance according to the determination in the said determination part.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、負荷に電力を供給する電池パックであって、該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測部と、充放電電流が所定の値であるかを判断する判断部と、前記判断部の判断結果に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定部と、前記決定部における決定に応じて容量を算出する容量算出部と、を有する。 The battery pack according to the present invention is a battery pack that supplies power to a load, and a measurement unit that measures the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and determines whether the charge and discharge current has a predetermined value. And a determination unit that determines whether to determine a capacitance based on the measured charge / discharge current based on the determination result of the determination unit or a capacitance demand based on the determination made by the determination unit And a capacity calculation unit that calculates the
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、前記判断部では、充放電電流が基準値以上であり、かつ、０未満であるかを判断する。 In the battery pack according to the present invention, the determination unit determines whether the charge and discharge current is equal to or greater than a reference value and less than zero.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、該容量需要の情報に該負荷を構成する電気回路の待機電流を含む。 Further, in the battery pack according to the present invention, the information of the capacity demand includes the standby current of the electric circuit constituting the load.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、該電気回路に発光素子を含む。 Moreover, the battery pack which concerns on this invention contains a light emitting element in this electric circuit.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、該発光素子がライトである。 In the battery pack according to the present invention, the light emitting element is a light.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、該電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である。 In the battery pack according to the present invention, the battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックは、該負荷が、パワーアシスト自転車、あるいは電気自動車である。 Further, in the battery pack according to the present invention, the load is a power assist bicycle or an electric vehicle.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、負荷に電力を供給する電池パックの容量を算出する電池パックの容量算出方法であって、該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測工程と、該負荷の容量需要の情報を取得する負荷情報取得工程と、取得された該容量需要の情報に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定工程と、を有する。 Further, the method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack according to the present invention is a method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack that calculates the capacity of a battery pack that supplies electric power to a load, and the measuring step of measuring the charge and discharge current of the battery pack The capacity information is obtained from the measured charge / discharge current based on the load information acquisition step of acquiring information on the capacity demand of the load and the acquired information on the capacity demand, or the capacity is determined based on the information on the capacity demand And a determination step of determining
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、負荷に電力を供給する電池パックの容量を算出する電池パックの容量算出方法であって、該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測工程と、充放電電流が所定の値であるかを判断する判断工程と、前記判断工程の判断結果に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定工程と、を有する。 Further, the method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack according to the present invention is a method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack that calculates the capacity of a battery pack that supplies electric power to a load, and the measuring step of measuring the charge and discharge current of the battery pack A determination step of determining whether the charge / discharge current has a predetermined value and a determination result of the determination step based on the determination result of the determination step, determining a capacity by the measured charge / discharge current or determining a capacity by information of the capacity demand , And a determination step of determining.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、前記判断工程では、充放電電流が基準値以上であり、かつ、０未満であるかを判断する。 In the battery pack capacity calculation method according to the present invention, in the determination step, it is determined whether the charge and discharge current is equal to or greater than a reference value and less than zero.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、該容量需要の情報に該負荷を構成する電気回路の待機電流を含む。 Further, in the method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack according to the present invention, the information of the capacity demand includes the standby current of the electric circuit constituting the load.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、該電気回路に発光素子を含む。 In the battery pack capacity calculation method according to the present invention, the electric circuit includes a light emitting element.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、該発光素子がライトである。 In the battery pack capacity calculation method according to the present invention, the light emitting element is a light.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、該電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である。 In the method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack according to the present invention, the battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
　また、本発明に係る電池パックの容量算出方法は、該負荷が、パワーアシスト自転車、あるいは電気自動車である。 In the battery pack capacity calculation method according to the present invention, the load is a power assist bicycle or an electric vehicle.
　本発明に係る電池パック及び電池パックの容量算出方法によれば、負荷の情報（容量需要の情報）と電池パックの情報（充放電電流）に基づき電池パックの容量を検出するので、簡易な回路構成で高精度に電池パックの容量を計測することができる。 According to the battery pack and the battery pack capacity calculation method according to the present invention, the capacity of the battery pack is detected based on load information (capacity demand information) and battery pack information (charge / discharge current). The configuration can measure the capacity of the battery pack with high accuracy.
本発明に係る電池パックと負荷の接続状態を説明するブロック図である。It is a block diagram explaining the connection state of the battery pack and load which concern on this invention. 本発明に係る電池パックの放電方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the discharge method of the battery pack which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る電池パックの残量検出方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the residual amount detection method of the battery pack which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る電池パックの残量検出方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the residual amount detection method of the battery pack which concerns on this invention.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
　まず、本発明の第１の実施形態に係る電池パック１と電池パック１の電力の供給先である負荷２の構成について、図１を参照して説明する。 First, the configuration of the battery pack 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the load 2 to which the power of the battery pack 1 is supplied will be described with reference to FIG.
　本実施形態の電池パック１の二次電池１０は、電気的に直列に接続した７個の単位電池１１を含む。単位電池１１には、ラミネートフィルムで外装した扁平型のリチウムイオン二次電池を用いている。 The secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 of the present embodiment includes seven unit batteries 11 electrically connected in series. The unit battery 11 uses a flat lithium ion secondary battery covered with a laminate film.
　本実施形態の負荷２は、駆動回路２１により駆動されるモータ２０である。ただし、負荷２には、モータ２０の駆動回路２１に加え、ライトや液晶ディスプレイ等も駆動する複数の駆動回路を設けるようにしても良い。 The load 2 of the present embodiment is a motor 20 driven by a drive circuit 21. However, in addition to the drive circuit 21 of the motor 20, the load 2 may be provided with a plurality of drive circuits for driving a light, a liquid crystal display, and the like.
　電池パック１と負荷２は、電池パック１に搭載するコネクタ１２に、負荷２に搭載するコネクタ２２を嵌合させることで電気的に接続させている。 The battery pack 1 and the load 2 are electrically connected by fitting the connector 22 mounted on the load 2 to the connector 12 mounted on the battery pack 1.
　電池パック１の二次電池１０の高電位側端子と、コネクタ１２の正端子１Ｂとの間には、充電スイッチ１３と放電スイッチ１４とが、電気的に直列に接続されている。また、電池パック１の二次電池１０の低電位側端子と、コネクタ１２の負端子４Ｂとの間には、電流検出抵抗１５が、電気的に接続されている。 A charge switch 13 and a discharge switch 14 are electrically connected in series between the high potential side terminal of the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 and the positive terminal 1 B of the connector 12. Further, a current detection resistor 15 is electrically connected between the low potential side terminal of the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 and the negative terminal 4 B of the connector 12.
　本実施形態の放電スイッチ１４と充電スイッチ１３は、何れもＰチャンネルのＭＯＳＦＥＴを用いており、互いのドレイン端子Ｄは接続してあり、ソース端子Ｓは二次電池１０の正極と、コネクタ１２の正端子１Ｂとにそれぞれ接続してある。また、ゲート端子Ｇは、電池パック制御回路１６に接続してある。 The discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13 according to this embodiment both use P-channel MOSFETs, the drain terminals D of each other are connected, and the source terminal S is the positive electrode of the secondary battery 10 and the connector 12. Each is connected to the positive terminal 1B. The gate terminal G is connected to the battery pack control circuit 16.
　一方、負荷２の駆動回路２１には、コネクタ２２の正端子１Ｌと負端子４Ｌが電気的に接続してある。本実施形態のモータ２０は直流モータであり、駆動回路２１は、パワーＭＯＳＦＥＴで構成したフルブリッジ回路であり、正極端子１Ｌと負端子４Ｌは、このフルブリッジ回路のハイサイドとローサイドの電源に、それぞれ接続してある。負荷制御回路２３は、このパワーＭＯＳＦＥＴのゲート端子の電圧を変化させることによって、モータ２０に供給する電流量（すなわち、モータ駆動トルクやモータ回転速度など）を制御する。本実施の形態の負荷制御回路２３は、汎用のＣＰＵにより実現することができる。 On the other hand, the positive terminal 1 L and the negative terminal 4 L of the connector 22 are electrically connected to the drive circuit 21 of the load 2. The motor 20 of the present embodiment is a direct current motor, the drive circuit 21 is a full bridge circuit configured by power MOSFETs, and the positive terminal 1L and the negative terminal 4L serve as the high side and low side power supplies of the full bridge circuit. Each is connected. The load control circuit 23 controls the amount of current supplied to the motor 20 (that is, motor driving torque, motor rotation speed, etc.) by changing the voltage of the gate terminal of the power MOSFET. The load control circuit 23 of the present embodiment can be realized by a general-purpose CPU.
　駆動回路２１は、コネクタ１２、コネクタ２２同士の嵌合により、互いに電気的に接続した正端子１Ｂと正端子１Ｌ、及び、及び負端子４Ｂと負端子４Ｌを経由して二次電池１０と電力を授受する。負荷制御回路２３は、正端子１Ｌと負端子４Ｌを経由して二次電池１０から電力を供給される。 The drive circuit 21 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 10 via the positive terminal 1B and the positive terminal 1L, and the negative terminal 4B and the negative terminal 4L, which are electrically connected to each other by fitting the connector 12 and the connector 22 to each other. Give and receive The load control circuit 23 is supplied with power from the secondary battery 10 via the positive terminal 1L and the negative terminal 4L.
　電池パック１に搭載した電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４と充電スイッチ１３の開成（オフ）と閉成（オン）を制御することで二次電池１０の充放電を制御する。 A battery pack control circuit 16 mounted on the battery pack 1 controls charging / discharging of the secondary battery 10 by controlling opening (off) and closing (on) of the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13.
　本実施の形態の電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４と充電スイッチ１３に用いたＰチャネルＭＯＳＦＥＴのゲート端子Ｇそれぞれに、このＭＯＳＦＥＴがオンする電圧とオフする電圧を切換えて出力することで、放電スイッチ１４と充電スイッチ１３のオフとオンを制御している。本実施の形態の電池パック制御回路１６は、汎用のＣＰＵにより実現することができる。また、電池パック制御回路１６は、二次電池１０の高電位側端子と低電位側端子を経由して、二次電池１０から電力の供給を受けている。 The battery pack control circuit 16 according to the present embodiment switches and outputs the voltage at which the MOSFET is turned on and the voltage at which it is turned off to each of the gate terminals G of the P-channel MOSFETs used for the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13. The off and on of the discharge switch 14 and the charge switch 13 are controlled. The battery pack control circuit 16 of the present embodiment can be realized by a general-purpose CPU. Further, the battery pack control circuit 16 receives supply of power from the secondary battery 10 via the high potential side terminal and the low potential side terminal of the secondary battery 10.
　電池パック制御回路１６の充放電電流検出回路１６１は、充放電電流検出回路１６１が内蔵するＡ／Ｄコンバータ（不図示）によりＡ／Ｄ変換して計測した電流検出抵抗１５の両端の電圧差に基づき二次電池１０の充放電電流を計測する。 The charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 of the battery pack control circuit 16 measures the voltage difference between both ends of the current detection resistor 15 which is A / D converted and measured by an A / D converter (not shown) incorporated in the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161. The charge / discharge current of the secondary battery 10 is measured based on that.
　コネクタ１２をコネクタ２２に嵌合した場合、電池パック制御回路１６の通信回路１６２と負荷２の負荷制御回路２３に搭載した通信回路２３１とは、コネクタ１２の通信端子３Ｂとコネクタ２２の通信端子３Ｌを介して接続される。 When the connector 12 is fitted to the connector 22, the communication circuit 162 of the battery pack control circuit 16 and the communication circuit 231 mounted on the load control circuit 23 of the load 2 are the communication terminal 3 B of the connector 12 and the communication terminal 3 L of the connector 22. Connected through.
　本実施形態では、通信回路として１線シリアル通信回路を用いている。したがって、通信端子３Ｂと通信端子３Ｌが接続すると、通信回路１６２と通信回路２３１は、１線シリアル通信が可能になる。なお、通信回路には、２線非同期シリアル通信や同期３線シリアル通信、パラレル通信なども採用できる。この場合、所要通信端子数が変わるが、コネクタの端子数を各通信方式に応じて変えればよい。 In the present embodiment, a one-wire serial communication circuit is used as the communication circuit. Therefore, when the communication terminal 3B and the communication terminal 3L are connected, the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 can perform one-wire serial communication. The communication circuit may employ two-wire asynchronous serial communication, synchronous three-wire serial communication, parallel communication, and the like. In this case, although the required number of communication terminals changes, the number of connector terminals may be changed according to each communication method.
　電池パック制御回路１６は、通信回路１６２から通信回路２３１に通信要求を発信してから現在までの時間をタイマ１６３で計測することで、負荷２の通信回路２３１の状態を取得する。 The battery pack control circuit 16 acquires the state of the communication circuit 231 of the load 2 by measuring the time from the communication circuit 162 to the communication circuit 231 after the communication request has been issued by the timer 163.
　本実施形態のタイマ１６３は、クロック回路（不図示）から出力されるクロック信号の立ち上がり回数を計測することで時間を計測するカウンタ回路（不図示）を複数備える。タイマ１６３での計測時間は、各カウンタ回路が有するクリア端子（不図示）にクリア信号を入力することでそれぞれ０に設定できる。 The timer 163 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of counter circuits (not shown) for measuring time by measuring the number of times of rising of a clock signal output from a clock circuit (not shown). The measurement time of the timer 163 can be set to 0 by inputting a clear signal to a clear terminal (not shown) of each counter circuit.
　本実施形態の電池パック制御回路１６は、通信回路１６２から通信回路２３１に通信要求を発信した時刻を０として、発信からの経過時間をタイマ１６３で計数し、経過時間が予め定めたタイムアウト時間を超えても通信回路２３１から通信回路１６２に応答がない場合、通信回路１６２と通信回路２３１は不通状態にあると判定した後、再度、通信回路１６２から通信回路２３１に通信要求を発信する。 The battery pack control circuit 16 of the present embodiment counts the elapsed time from the transmission by the timer 163, with the time when the communication request is transmitted from the communication circuit 162 to the communication circuit 231 as 0, and the elapsed time is a predetermined timeout time. If there is no response from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162, the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 determine that they are disconnected, and then the communication circuit 162 sends a communication request to the communication circuit 231 again.
　タイムアウト時間内に通信回路２３１から通信回路１６２に応答があった場合、通信回路１６２と通信回路２３１は開通状態にあると判定し、タイムアウト時間の経過後、再度、通信回路１６２から通信回路２３１に通信要求を発信する。 If there is a response from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162 within the time-out time, the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 determine that they are in the open state, and after the time-out time elapses, the communication circuit 162 sends the communication circuit 231 again. Send a communication request.
　本実施形態の電池パック制御回路１６は、通信回路１６２と通信回路２３１が不通状態にある場合、不通状態の継続時間をタイマ１６３で計測し、不通状態の継続時間が予め定めた第１基準時間を超えた場合、負荷の状態は通信停止状態にあると判定する。そして、その後、本実施形態の電池パック制御回路１６は、不通状態の継続時間のタイマ１６３での計測を停止する。 When the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 are in the disconnected state, the battery pack control circuit 16 according to the present embodiment measures the duration of the disconnected state by the timer 163, and the duration time of the disconnected state is a first reference time. When it exceeds, it is determined that the load state is in the communication stop state. And after that, the battery pack control circuit 16 of this embodiment stops the measurement in the timer 163 of the continuation time of a disconnection state.
　本実施形態の電池パック制御回路１６は、通信回路１６２と通信回路２３１が開通状態にあると判定した場合、負荷の状態は通信停止状態にないと判定し、不通状態の継続時間のタイマ１６３での計測の停止を解除する。 If the battery pack control circuit 16 of this embodiment determines that the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 are in the open state, it determines that the load state is not in the communication stop state, and the timer 163 of the continuation time of the disconnection state Release the stop of measurement of.
　本実施形態では、負荷２は電動アシスト自転車であると前提しているので、上述した第１基準時間は、０．１秒から１００秒が望ましい。本実施形態の電池パック１では、第１基準時間は１秒としている。このようにすることで、走行時の振動や衝撃に起因した通信の遮断がある場合にも、本実施形態に係る放電方法が安定して適用できる。 In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the load 2 is an electrically assisted bicycle, so the above-mentioned first reference time is desirably 0.1 seconds to 100 seconds. In the battery pack 1 of the present embodiment, the first reference time is one second. By doing this, the discharge method according to the present embodiment can be stably applied even when communication is interrupted due to vibration or shock during traveling.
　なお、以下の実施形態では、負荷２としてパワーアシスト自転車を例にとり説明するが、本発明は、電気自動車などの負荷２にも適用することができる。 In the following embodiments, a power assist bicycle is described as an example of the load 2, but the present invention can be applied to a load 2 such as an electric car.
　メモリ１６４は、通信回路１６２を介して取得した負荷２の状態を記録する。メモリ１６４は、複数のアドレスで記録位置が特定される複数の記録領域を有している。負荷２の状態には、負荷２の容量需要の情報や待機ステータス情報を含んでいる。本実施形態における負荷２の容量需要の情報とは、負荷２で消費する容量の情報を表し、容量需要の情報には、負荷２の待機電流の情報を含んでいる。 The memory 164 records the state of the load 2 acquired via the communication circuit 162. The memory 164 has a plurality of recording areas whose recording positions are specified by a plurality of addresses. The state of load 2 includes information on capacity demand of load 2 and standby status information. The information of the capacity demand of the load 2 in the present embodiment represents the information of the capacity consumed by the load 2, and the information of the capacity demand includes the information of the standby current of the load 2.
　本実施形態では、負荷２の待機電流とは、負荷制御回路２３がモータ２０の駆動を停止し、通信回路２３１を含む負荷制御回路２３の機能を停止した時に負荷２の電気回路が消費する定常的な暗電流である。この暗電流は、負荷２の電気回路に固有の消費電流であるので、予め測定することもできる。本実施形態の負荷制御回路２３に搭載したメモリ２３２には、この予め測定した待機電流が記録してある。 In the present embodiment, the standby current of the load 2 refers to the steady state consumed by the electric circuit of the load 2 when the load control circuit 23 stops driving the motor 20 and stops the function of the load control circuit 23 including the communication circuit 231. Dark current. This dark current can be measured in advance because it is a current consumption inherent to the electric circuit of the load 2. The standby current measured in advance is recorded in the memory 232 mounted in the load control circuit 23 of the present embodiment.
　待機ステータス情報は、少なくも負荷２が待機状態にあるか否かを表す待機フラグを含む。待機フラグは、１ｂｉｔの情報であり、待機フラグ＝１が、負荷２が待機状態にあることを表し、待機フラグ＝０が、負荷２が待機状態にないことを表す。 The standby status information includes at least a standby flag indicating whether the load 2 is in the standby state. The standby flag is 1-bit information, and the standby flag = 1 represents that the load 2 is in the standby state, and the standby flag = 0 represents that the load 2 is not in the standby state.
　本実施形態のメモリ１６４とメモリ２３２には、フラッシュメモリを用いることができる。 A flash memory can be used as the memory 164 and the memory 232 of this embodiment.
　電池パック１は、負荷２との通信が開通状態にある場合（すなわち、通信回路１６２と通信回路２３１が開通状態にある場合）、通信回路１６２を介して負荷２の待機電流の情報を取得し、メモリ１６４の待機電流の記録領域（不図示）に記録する。なお、本実施形態の電池パック制御回路１６では、メモリ１６４の待機電流の記録領域には、負荷２の代表的な待機電流の情報が予め記録してある。また、本実施例のメモリ１６４には、予め計測した二次電池１０の満充電容量も記録してある。 When communication with the load 2 is in the open state (that is, when the communication circuit 162 and the communication circuit 231 are in the open state), the battery pack 1 acquires information on the standby current of the load 2 via the communication circuit 162. , Recording in the recording area (not shown) of the standby current of the memory 164. In the battery pack control circuit 16 of the present embodiment, information of typical standby current of the load 2 is recorded in advance in the recording region of the standby current of the memory 164. Further, the memory 164 of the present embodiment also records the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 10 measured in advance.
　容量計算回路１６５は、充放電電流検出回路１６１が計測した充放電電流の計測結果とメモリ１６４から読みだした負荷２の待機電流の情報に基づき、電池パック１の充放電容量を算出する。 The capacity calculation circuit 165 calculates the charge / discharge capacity of the battery pack 1 based on the measurement result of the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 and the information of the standby current of the load 2 read from the memory 164.
　本実施形態の容量計算回路１６５は、先ず、充放電電流検出回路１６１の内蔵Ａ／Ｄコンバータで計測した現在の電流検出抵抗１５の両端の電圧差を電流検出抵抗１５の抵抗値で割って現在の充放電電流検出値とする。容量計算回路１６５では、充放電電流検出値の負値を放電電流値としている。次いで、容量計算回路１６５は、現在の充放電電流検出値に現在のＡ／Ｄ変換開始時刻から次のＡ／Ｄ変換開始時刻までの間の時間を掛けて現在の充放電容量検出値とする。 The capacitance calculation circuit 165 of this embodiment first divides the voltage difference between both ends of the current detection resistor 15 measured by the built-in A / D converter of the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 by the resistance value of the current detection resistor 15 and The charge / discharge current detection value of In the capacitance calculation circuit 165, the negative value of the charge / discharge current detection value is used as the discharge current value. Then, capacity calculation circuit 165 multiplies the current charge / discharge current detection value by the time from the current A / D conversion start time to the next A / D conversion start time to obtain the current charge / discharge capacity detection value. .
　本実施形態では、負荷２の暗電流は、数１０ｍＡと大きく、充放電電流検出回路１６１で検出した充放電電流のみからでは、負荷での電力需要の有無の判定が難しい。 In the present embodiment, the dark current of the load 2 is as large as several tens of mA, and it is difficult to determine the presence or absence of the power demand at the load only from the charge / discharge current detected by the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161.
　容量計算回路１６５はまた、メモリ１６４の待機電流の記録領域から負荷２の待機電流の情報を読み出し、上述した現在のＡ／Ｄ変換開始時刻から次のＡ／Ｄ変換開始時刻までの間の時間を掛けて現在の待機放電容量値とする。容量計算回路１６５では、待機放電容量値は、負値である。 The capacity calculation circuit 165 also reads the information of the standby current of the load 2 from the recording region of the standby current of the memory 164, and the time from the current A / D conversion start time to the next A / D conversion start time To obtain the current standby discharge capacity value. In the capacitance calculation circuit 165, the standby discharge capacitance value is a negative value.
　容量計算回路１６５は、Ａ／Ｄ変換の開始時刻が経過する毎に、上述した充放電容量検出値、及び／または待機放電容量値を現在の充放電容量に積算して二次電池１０の充放電容量とする。 Each time the start time of A / D conversion elapses, capacity calculation circuit 165 integrates the above-described charge / discharge capacity detection value and / or standby discharge capacity value to the current charge / discharge capacity to charge secondary battery 10. Let it be the discharge capacity.
　電池パック制御回路１６のプルアップ抵抗１６７は、その１端が二次電池１０の高電位側の端子に接続され、他の１端がコネクタ１２の操作スイッチ端子２Ｂに接続された抵抗器である。操作スイッチ端子２Ｂの電位は、入力回路１６６に入力してある。 Pull-up resistor 167 of battery pack control circuit 16 is a resistor having one end connected to the high potential side terminal of secondary battery 10 and the other end connected to operation switch terminal 2 B of connector 12. . The potential of the operation switch terminal 2B is input to the input circuit 166.
　コネクタ１２とコネクタ２２を嵌合した時、操作スイッチ端子２Ｂは、負荷２の操作スイッチ端子２Ｌに接続する。 When the connector 12 and the connector 22 are fitted, the operation switch terminal 2 B is connected to the operation switch terminal 2 L of the load 2.
　操作スイッチ端子は、操作スイッチ２３３の１端に接続してあり、操作スイッチ２３３の他端は、コネクタ２２の負端子４Ｌに接続してある。 The operation switch terminal is connected to one end of the operation switch 233, and the other end of the operation switch 233 is connected to the negative terminal 4 L of the connector 22.
　本実施形態の操作スイッチ２３３は、トグル式のスイッチである。入力回路１６６に入力される電位は、操作スイッチがオフする（あるいは操作スイッチ端子３Ｂと操作スイッチ端子３Ｌが接続していない）と二次電池１０の高電位側の端子電位に近づき、操作スイッチ２３３がオンすると負端子４Ｌの端子電位に近づく。 The operation switch 233 of the present embodiment is a toggle switch. The potential input to the input circuit 166 approaches the terminal potential on the high potential side of the secondary battery 10 when the operation switch is turned off (or the operation switch terminal 3B and the operation switch terminal 3L are not connected), and the operation switch 233 Approaches the terminal potential of the negative terminal 4L.
　本実施形態の入力回路１６６は、入力電位を、ヒステリシス付コンパレータ（不図示）を介して二値化したうえで電池パック制御回路１６に入力しており、電池パック制御回路１６は、操作スイッチ２３３がオフしている時はＨ（Ｈｉｇｈ）状態であり、オンしている時はＬ（Ｌｏｗ）状態であると判定できる。 The input circuit 166 according to the present embodiment binarizes the input potential through a comparator with hysteresis (not shown) and then inputs the input potential to the battery pack control circuit 16. The battery pack control circuit 16 operates the operation switch 233. When the switch is off, it is in the H (High) state, and when it is on, the switch can be determined to be in the L (Low) state.
　なお、入力回路１６６の最大入力電圧に制限がある場合に等には、上述したプルアップ抵抗１６７に代えて、電圧レギュレータ回路などを用い、入力回路１６６への最大入力電圧を調整することもできる。 If there is a limit to the maximum input voltage of input circuit 166, the maximum input voltage to input circuit 166 can be adjusted using a voltage regulator circuit or the like instead of pull-up resistor 167 described above. .
　次に、本実施形態の電池パック１の放電方法を、図２を参照して説明する。 Next, a method of discharging the battery pack 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　図２では、電池パック１のコネクタ１２と負荷２のコネクタ２２は、嵌合しており、電気的に接続しているとしている。 In FIG. 2, the connector 12 of the battery pack 1 and the connector 22 of the load 2 are fitted and electrically connected.
　ステップ０１において、電池パック制御回路１６は、入力回路１６６への入力状態に基づき負荷の状態を条件判断する。電池パック制御回路１６は、入力回路１６６への入力がＨ状態であると操作スイッチ２３３はオフの状態にあると判断する（ステップ０１　Ｙｅｓ）。 In step 01, the battery pack control circuit 16 determines the condition of the load based on the input condition to the input circuit 166. The battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the operation switch 233 is in the off state when the input to the input circuit 166 is in the H state (step 01 Yes).
　一方、電池パック制御回路１６は、入力回路１６６への入力がＬ状態であると、操作スイッチ２３３はオフの状態にないと判断する（ステップ０１　Ｎｏ）。 On the other hand, when the input to the input circuit 166 is in the L state, the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the operation switch 233 is not in the off state (Step 01 No).
　なお、上述したステップ０１では、電池パック制御回路１６は、入力回路１６６への入力がＨ状態、Ｌ状態にあるとき、操作スイッチ２３３が、それぞれオフ、オンの状態にあると判断するとした。 In step 01 described above, the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the operation switch 233 is in the off and on states, respectively, when the input to the input circuit 166 is in the H and L states.
　この判断は、入力回路１６６への瞬時の入力状態に基づき判断することもできるが、望ましくは、入力回路１６６への入力状態が所定の時間継続した場合に操作スイッチ２３３が、それぞれオフ、オンの状態にあると判断するともできる。 This determination can also be made based on the instantaneous input state to the input circuit 166, but desirably, when the input state to the input circuit 166 continues for a predetermined time, the operation switch 233 is off and on respectively. It can also be judged that it is in the state.
　本実施形態に係る電池パック１では、操作スイッチ２３３は、人が操作することを前提としているので、入力回路１６６への入力状態が、０．１秒～１０秒継続した場合に操作スイッチ２３３が、それぞれオフ、オンの状態にあると判断するとよい。特に、本実施形態においては、入力回路１６６への入力状態が、１秒継続した場合に操作スイッチ２３３が、それぞれオフ、オンの状態にあると判断している。 In the battery pack 1 according to the present embodiment, since the operation switch 233 is assumed to be operated by a person, when the input state to the input circuit 166 continues for 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds, the operation switch 233 It is good to judge that they are off and on respectively. In particular, in the present embodiment, when the input state to the input circuit 166 continues for one second, it is determined that the operation switch 233 is in the off state and the on state, respectively.
　このように状態を平準化することで、操作スイッチ２３３のオン、オフに伴うチャタリングなどに起因した状態の誤判定を減らすことができる。本実施形態の電池パック１では、タイマ１６３で入力回路１６６の入力状態の継続時間を計測し、同じ入力状態が１秒以上継続した場合に操作スイッチ２３３が、それぞれオフ、オンの状態にあると判断しているが、例えば、端子操作スイッチ端子２Ｂの電位を、時定数１秒のローパスフィルタ（不図示）を介して入力回路１６６に入力するなどとしても良い。 By leveling the state in this manner, it is possible to reduce erroneous determination of the state caused by chattering accompanying the on / off of the operation switch 233 and the like. In the battery pack 1 of this embodiment, the timer 163 measures the continuation time of the input state of the input circuit 166, and when the same input state continues for one second or more, the operation switch 233 is in the off state and the on state, respectively. Although determined, for example, the potential of the terminal operation switch terminal 2B may be input to the input circuit 166 through a low pass filter (not shown) having a time constant of 1 second.
　ステップ０２において、電池パック制御回路１６は、通信回路２３１の通信状態に基づき、負荷の状態を条件判断する。電池パック制御回路１６は、負荷の状態が通信停止状態にある場合（ステップ０２　Ｙｅｓ）、ステップ０３に処理を進め、負荷の状態が通信停止状態にない場合（ステップ０２　Ｎｏ）、処理を終了する。 In step 02, the battery pack control circuit 16 determines the condition of the load based on the communication condition of the communication circuit 231. The battery pack control circuit 16 advances the process to step 03 if the load state is in the communication stop state (Yes in step 02), and ends the process if the load state is not in the communication stop state (No in step 02). .
　ステップ０３において、電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４のゲート端子Ｇへの現在の出力電圧に基づき、放電スイッチ１４のオン、オフを条件判断する。電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４がオンである場合（ステップ０３　Ｙｅｓ）、ステップ０４に処理を進め、放電スイッチ１４がオフである場合（ステップ０３　Ｎｏ）、処理を終了する。 In step 03, the battery pack control circuit 16 determines whether the discharge switch 14 is on or off based on the current output voltage to the gate terminal G of the discharge switch 14. The battery pack control circuit 16 proceeds the process to step 04 when the discharge switch 14 is on (Yes in step 03), and ends the process when the discharge switch 14 is off (No in step 03).
　ステップ０４において、電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４をオフした後、処理を終了する。 In step 04, the battery pack control circuit 16 ends the processing after the discharge switch 14 is turned off.
　ステップ０５において、電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４のゲート端子Ｇへの現在の出力電圧に基づき、放電スイッチ１４のオン、オフを条件判断する。電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４がオフである場合（ステップ０５　Ｙｅｓ）、ステップ０６に処理を進め、放電スイッチ１４がオフである場合（ステップ０５　Ｎｏ）、処理を終了する。 In step 05, the battery pack control circuit 16 determines on / off of the discharge switch 14 based on the current output voltage to the gate terminal G of the discharge switch 14. The battery pack control circuit 16 proceeds the process to step 06 if the discharge switch 14 is off (Yes in step 05), and ends the process if the discharge switch 14 is off (No in step 05).
　ステップ０６において、電池パック制御回路１６は、放電スイッチ１４をオンした後、処理を終了する。 In step 06, the battery pack control circuit 16 ends the processing after the discharge switch 14 is turned on.
　以上の動作により、本発明に係る電池パック、及び電池パックの放電方法によれば、エネルギーの供給先である負荷２の電力需要の有無を負荷の状態に基づき判定し、電池パック１からのエネルギーの供給を放電制御スイッチ１４で制御するので、負荷２の待機電力が大きい場合であっても電池パック１の使用時間を長くできる。 According to the above-described operation, according to the battery pack and the method of discharging the battery pack of the present invention, the presence or absence of the power demand of the load 2 which is the energy supply destination is determined based on the load state. Because the discharge control switch 14 controls the supply of the battery pack 1, the usage time of the battery pack 1 can be extended even when the standby power of the load 2 is large.
　なお、上述した実施形態では、負荷の状態に基づく電池パック１の放電方法を詳述したが、上述した負荷の状態に基づく電池パック１の放電方法は、電池パック内部の状態に基づく放電方法と併用しても本発明の効果が得られる。 In the embodiment described above, the method of discharging the battery pack 1 based on the state of load has been described in detail, but the method of discharging the battery pack 1 based on the state of load described above is a method of discharging based on the state of the battery pack Even when used in combination, the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
　具体的には、電池パック１の電池パック制御回路１６は、電流検出抵抗１５で検出した放電電流が予め定めた過電流値や短絡電流値を超えた場合、負荷の状態に優先して放電スイッチ１４をオフする、または、電池パック制御回路１６が二次電池１０の端子電圧を計測し、二次電池１０の端子電圧が、予め定めた過放電電圧より小さい場合、負荷の状態に優先して放電スイッチ１４をオフするなどとすることで、本発明の効果を得ながら、過電流、短絡や過放電から電池を保護することもできる。 Specifically, when the discharge current detected by the current detection resistor 15 exceeds a predetermined overcurrent value or short-circuit current value, the battery pack control circuit 16 of the battery pack 1 gives priority to the state of the load and the discharge switch. 14 is turned off, or the battery pack control circuit 16 measures the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 10, and if the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 10 is smaller than a predetermined overdischarge voltage, priority is given to the state of the load. By turning off the discharge switch 14 or the like, the battery can also be protected from over current, short circuit and over discharge while obtaining the effects of the present invention.
　また、電池パック１に搭載した温度センサ（不図示）で検出した電池パック１内の温度が、予め定めた電池パック１の運用温度範囲から外れた場合、負荷の状態に優先して放電スイッチ１４をオフするなど、他の電池保護と併用しても良い。 Further, when the temperature in the battery pack 1 detected by a temperature sensor (not shown) mounted on the battery pack 1 is out of a predetermined operating temperature range of the battery pack 1, the discharge switch 14 is prioritized over the state of the load. It may be used in combination with other battery protection, such as turning off.
　また、上述した実施形態では、充電スイッチ１３にはＭＯＳＦＥＴを用いるとした。 In the embodiment described above, a MOSFET is used as the charge switch 13.
　したがって、電池パック１は、充電スイッチ１３のオン、オフに関わらず、充電スイッチ１３の寄生ダイオードを経由して放電電流を出力できる。しかし、放電中に充電スイッチ１３での熱損を防ぐためには、放電電流が流れている間は、充電スイッチ１３もオンすることが望ましい。具体的には、電池パック制御回路１６が、充放電電流検出回路１６１での充放電電流の計測結果に基づき、二次電池１０から放電電流が流れていると判定した場合（より簡便には、電池パック制御回路１６が、放電スイッチ１４をオンする場合）には、充電スイッチ１３もオンすることが望ましい。 Therefore, the battery pack 1 can output the discharge current via the parasitic diode of the charge switch 13 regardless of whether the charge switch 13 is on or off. However, in order to prevent heat loss in the charge switch 13 during discharge, it is desirable that the charge switch 13 be turned on while the discharge current is flowing. Specifically, when the battery pack control circuit 16 determines that the discharge current is flowing from the secondary battery 10 based on the measurement result of the charge / discharge current in the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 (more simply, When the battery pack control circuit 16 turns on the discharge switch 14), it is desirable to turn on the charge switch 13 as well.
　また、上述した本発明の実施形態では、電池パック制御回路１６が、通信回路１６２から通信回路２３１に通信要求を発信するとした。しかし、負荷制御回路２３が、通信回路２３１から通信回路１６２に通信要求を発信するとしても本発明の効果が得られる。 Further, in the embodiment of the present invention described above, the battery pack control circuit 16 transmits a communication request from the communication circuit 162 to the communication circuit 231. However, even if the load control circuit 23 sends a communication request from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162, the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
　つまり、負荷制御回路２３は、内蔵するタイマ（不図示）で計測した予め定めた通信時間間隔毎に通信回路２３１から通信回路１６２に負荷制御回路２３に通信要求を発信するとし、電池パック制御回路１６は、通信回路２３１から通信要求を受けずにいる時間をタイマ１６３で計数し、この通信要求を受けずにいる時間が予め定めたタイムアウト時間を超えた場合、通信回路２３１と通信回路１６２は不通状態にあると判定し、通信回路２３１から通信要求を受けた場合、通信回路２３１と、通信回路１６２は開通状態にあると判定することもできる。なお、上述した通信時間間隔は、望ましくは、第１基準時間未満とすることができる。 That is, the load control circuit 23 transmits a communication request to the load control circuit 23 from the communication circuit 231 to the communication circuit 162 at predetermined communication time intervals measured by a built-in timer (not shown), and the battery pack control circuit The timer 16 counts the time spent without receiving a communication request from the communication circuit 231 by the timer 163, and when the time spent without receiving this communication request exceeds a predetermined timeout time, the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162 If it is determined that the communication circuit 231 is in the disconnection state and a communication request is received from the communication circuit 231, it can be determined that the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162 are in the open state. The above-mentioned communication time interval can be desirably less than the first reference time.
　また、上述した本発明の実施形態では、負荷２の状態として「通信停止状態」や「操作スイッチの操作オフ状態」を用いるとした。しかし、他の状態を用いても本発明の効果が得られる。つまり、負荷２は、電池パック１に、通信回路２３１と通信回路１６２を介して、負荷２の「電力需要の有無の状態」を通信データとして発信し、電池パック制御回路１６は、「電力需要の有無の状態」の通信データに基づき条件判断し、電力需要が無しの状態の場合に放電スイッチ１４をオフし、電力需要が有りの状態の場合に放電スイッチ１４をオンするなどともできる。 Further, in the embodiment of the present invention described above, the “communication stop state” or the “operation switch off state” is used as the state of the load 2. However, the effects of the present invention can be obtained using other states. That is, the load 2 transmits the "state of presence / absence of power demand" of the load 2 as communication data to the battery pack 1 via the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162, and the battery pack control circuit 16 It is possible to judge the condition based on the communication data of “presence or absence” and turn off the discharge switch 14 when there is no power demand, and turn on the discharge switch 14 when there is a power demand.
　次に、本実施形態の電池パック１の容量検出方法を、図３を参照して説明する。 Next, a method of detecting the capacity of the battery pack 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　容量計算回路１６５は、メモリ１６４から待機フラグを読み出し、待機フラグが１である場合、現在の二次電池１０の充放電容量に積算する容量として待機放電容量値を選択する（ステップ１１　Ｙｅｓ）。一方、待機フラグが１でない場合（すなわち、待機フラグが０である場合）、現在の二次電池１０の充放電容量に積算する容量として充放電容量値を選択する（ステップ１１　Ｎｏ）。 The capacity calculation circuit 165 reads the standby flag from the memory 164, and when the standby flag is 1, selects the standby discharge capacity value as the capacity to be integrated to the current charge and discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10 (Yes in step 11). On the other hand, when the standby flag is not 1 (ie, when the standby flag is 0), the charge / discharge capacity value is selected as the capacity to be integrated to the current charge / discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10 (step 11 No).
　容量計算回路１６５は、現在の二次電池１０の充放電容量に、選択した待機放電容量値あるいは充放電容量値を加算し、現在の充放電容量をこの加算結果で置き換える。 The capacity calculation circuit 165 adds the selected standby discharge capacity value or charge / discharge capacity value to the current charge / discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10, and replaces the current charge / discharge capacity with this addition result.
　容量計算回路１６５は、二次電池１０の満充電容量をメモリ１６４から読み出し、この満充電容量に現在の充放電容量を加算した結果を、電池パック１の容量の検出値とする。 The capacity calculation circuit 165 reads the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 10 from the memory 164 and adds the current charge / discharge capacity to the full charge capacity to obtain the result of detection of the capacity of the battery pack 1.
　以上の動作により、本発明の容量検出方法では、簡易な回路構成で高精度に電池パック１の容量が検出できる。 According to the above operation, in the capacity detection method of the present invention, the capacity of the battery pack 1 can be detected with high accuracy with a simple circuit configuration.
　なお、上述した実施形態では、「待機放電容量値」を負荷２の暗電流に基づき計測するとしたが、負荷２の暗電流と電池パック１の有する電気回路の暗電流の加算値に基づき計測するとしても本発明の効果が有られる。電池パック１の有する電気回路の暗電流は、電池パック１の電気回路に固有の消費電流であるので、予め測定し、メモリ１６４に記録しておくことで、容量計算回路１６５での容量検出時に加算できる。 In the above embodiment, the “standby discharge capacity value” is measured based on the dark current of the load 2. However, the measurement is performed based on the sum of the dark current of the load 2 and the dark current of the electric circuit of the battery pack 1 Also, the effects of the present invention can be obtained. Since the dark current of the electric circuit of the battery pack 1 is a consumption current inherent to the electric circuit of the battery pack 1, the dark current is measured in advance and recorded in the memory 164 to detect the capacity in the capacity calculation circuit 165. It can be added.
　次に、本発明の第２の実施形態における電池パック１の容量検出方法を、図４を参照して説明する。 Next, a method of detecting the capacity of the battery pack 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
　容量計算回路１６５は、充放電電流検出回路１６１が計測した充放電電流が負値（放電電流）であり、かつ電流基準値以上の場合、現在の二次電池１０の充放電容量に積算する容量として待機放電容量値を選択する（ステップ３１　Ｙｅｓ）。ここに、電流基準値は負の値を採る。一方、充放電電流が負値（放電電流）でないか、あるいは電流基準値未満の場合、現在の二次電池１０の充放電容量に積算する容量として充放電容量値を選択する（ステップ３１　Ｎｏ）。 When the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 is a negative value (discharge current) and is equal to or greater than the current reference value, the capacity calculation circuit 165 integrates the current charge / discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10 The standby discharge capacity value is selected as (step 31 Yes). Here, the current reference value takes a negative value. On the other hand, if the charge / discharge current is not a negative value (discharge current) or less than the current reference value, the charge / discharge capacity value is selected as the capacity to be integrated with the current charge / discharge capacity of secondary battery 10 (step 31 No) .
　ここに、電流基準値は、絶対値の比較で、充放電電流検出回路１６１の内蔵Ａ／Ｄコンバータの分解能より大きく採ることが望ましい。本実施形態の電池パック１では、電池パック１からの最大放電電流と待機電流の典型値として、それぞれ１０Ａと１０ｍＡを前提にしているので、電流基準値を８０ｍＡと設定することで、充放電電流検出回路１６１の内蔵Ａ／Ｄコンバータのダイナミックレンジを８ｂｉｔ（符号ビット１ビットを含む。１ｂｉｔは７８ｍＡ。）と、簡易な回路構成に抑えられ、かつ３桁以上の広い検出レンジと、高いＳ／Ｎを有する高精度な電池パックの容量検出が実現できる。 Here, it is desirable that the current reference value be larger than the resolution of the built-in A / D converter of the charge / discharge current detection circuit 161 in comparison of absolute values. In the battery pack 1 of the present embodiment, 10 A and 10 mA are assumed as typical values of the maximum discharge current and standby current from the battery pack 1, respectively. Therefore, the charge and discharge current is set by setting the current reference value to 80 mA. The dynamic range of the built-in A / D converter of the detection circuit 161 is suppressed to a simple circuit configuration such as 8 bits (including 1 sign bit, 1 bit is 78 mA), and a wide detection range of 3 digits or more and a high S / S. Capacitance detection of a highly accurate battery pack having N can be realized.
　上述したように、本発明の第２の実施形態に係る容量検出方法でも、簡易な回路構成で、高精度に二次電池の容量が検出できる。 As described above, even with the capacity detection method according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the capacity of the secondary battery can be detected with high accuracy with a simple circuit configuration.
　また、上述した実施形態では、説明を簡略化するため、負荷２の待機電流は、定常的な暗電流であるとしたが、待機電流には、例えば、電動アシスト自転車に搭載した電灯（ライト）などの発光素子に関する消費電流の情報などを含めることもできる。 In the above-described embodiment, the standby current of the load 2 is a steady dark current to simplify the description. However, for the standby current, for example, a light mounted on a motor-assisted bicycle Information on the current consumption of the light emitting element such as
　この場合、上述した本発明の第１の実施形態は、以下の様に変形できる。 In this case, the first embodiment of the present invention described above can be modified as follows.
　つまり、図１において、負荷２には、コネクタ２２の正端子１Ｌと負端子４Ｌから電力を供給される電灯が搭載されており、該電灯への電力の供給（点灯）と遮断（消灯）を切換える電灯スイッチが搭載されており、負荷制御回路２３は、該電灯スイッチを切換えて該電灯の点灯と消灯を制御し、メモリ２３２には、該電灯の点灯に要する電流の情報と、該電灯が点灯しているか消灯しているかを示す点灯フラグが記録されており、該点灯フラグは、通信回路２３１と通信回路１６２を介して転送され、メモリ１６４に記録されていると変形し、さらに、図３において、「ステップ１１」が「Ｙｅｓ」でかつ該点灯フラグが点灯を表す場合、該点灯に要する電流と待機電流を時間積算し、「ステップ１１」が「Ｙｅｓ」でかつ該点灯フラグが消灯を表す場合、ステップ１２と同様に待機電流を時間積算すると変形しても、本発明の効果が得られる。 That is, in FIG. 1, the load 2 is mounted with a lamp to which power is supplied from the positive terminal 1L and the negative terminal 4L of the connector 22, and power supply (lighting) and interruption (lighting out) to the lamp are performed. A light switch for switching is mounted, and the load control circuit 23 switches the light switch to control the turning on and off of the light, and the memory 232 contains information on the current required to turn on the light and the light. A lighting flag indicating whether the light is on or off is recorded, and the lighting flag is transferred if it is transferred through the communication circuit 231 and the communication circuit 162 and is recorded in the memory 164, and further, it is shown in FIG. In step 3, when "step 11" is "Yes" and the lighting flag indicates lighting, the current required for the lighting and the standby current are integrated over time, and "step 11" is "Yes" and the lighting flag When referring to off, be modified similarly to integrating the standby current time step 12, the effect of the present invention is obtained.
　上記の例では、発光素子として電灯（ライト）を用いる場合について説明したが、発光素子としてはＬＥＤなどのその他のものも用いることができる。 In the above-mentioned example, although the case where a light (light) was used as a light emitting element was explained, other things, such as LED, can also be used as a light emitting element.
　また、上述した実施形態では、電池パック１の二次電池１０は、電気的に直列に接続した７個の単位電池１１を含むとしたが、電池パックに含む単位電池の数や電気的な接続形態は、電池パックに求められる出力電圧や容量により適宜変更でき、例えば、直列に接続した１０個の単位電池の２列を並列に接続した、合計２０個の単位電池を含むなどとできる。 In the embodiment described above, although the secondary battery 10 of the battery pack 1 includes seven unit cells 11 electrically connected in series, the number of unit cells included in the battery pack and the electrical connection The form can be appropriately changed depending on the output voltage and capacity required for the battery pack, and can be, for example, a total of 20 unit cells in which two rows of 10 unit cells connected in series are connected in parallel.
　また、単位電池１１には、ラミネート型のリチウムイオン電池に代えて、円筒電池や角型電池、ニッケル水素電池などの他の形態の電池を用いても本発明の効果が得られる。 In addition, the effects of the present invention can be obtained by using a battery of another form such as a cylindrical battery, a rectangular battery, or a nickel hydrogen battery instead of a laminate type lithium ion battery as the unit battery 11.
産業上の利用性Industrial applicability
　本発明は、リチウムイオン電池などの二次電池を用いた電池パック及び、電池パックの容量算出方法に関する。従来、電池パックから電動アシスト自転車などに電力を供給する際に、電池パックの放電電流を計測するためには、検出レンジが広く（Ａ／Ｄ変換器のレンジで１０ｂｉｔ以上）、高Ｓ／Ｎ（少なくも、数１０ｍＡ程度の微小信号が正確に計測可能な程度）の電流計測系が必要になり、計測系が煩雑で高価になっていた。一方、本発明に係る電池パック及び電池パックの容量算出方法によれば、負荷の情報（容量需要の情報）と電池パックの情報（充放電電流）に基づき電池パックの容量を検出するので、簡易な回路構成で高精度に電池パックの容量を計測することができ、産業上の利用性が非常に大きい。 The present invention relates to a battery pack using a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and a method of calculating the capacity of the battery pack. Conventionally, when power is supplied from a battery pack to a motor-assisted bicycle or the like, the detection range is wide (10 bits or more in the A / D converter range) and high S / N in order to measure the discharge current of the battery pack. A current measurement system (at least a level capable of accurately measuring a minute signal of about several tens of mA) is required, and the measurement system is complicated and expensive. On the other hand, according to the battery pack and the battery pack capacity calculation method according to the present invention, the capacity of the battery pack is detected based on load information (capacity demand information) and battery pack information (charge / discharge current). It is possible to measure the capacity of the battery pack with high accuracy with a simple circuit configuration, and the industrial applicability is very large.
１・・・電池パック、２・・・負荷、１０・・・二次電池、１１・・・単位電池、１２・・・コネクタ、１３・・・充電スイッチ、１４・・・放電スイッチ、１５・・・電流検出抵抗、１６・・・電池パック制御回路、２０・・・モータ、２１・・・駆動回路、２２・・・コネクタ、２３・・・負荷制御回路、１６１・・・充放電電流検出回路、１６２・・・通信回路、１６３・・・タイマ、１６４・・・メモリ、１６５・・・容量計算回路、１６６・・・入力回路、１６７・・・プルアップ抵抗、２３１・・・通信回路、２３２・・・メモリ、２３３・・・操作スイッチ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... battery pack, 2 ... load, 10 ... secondary battery, 11 ... unit battery, 12 ... connector, 13 ... charge switch, 14 ... discharge switch, 15 · · · Current detection resistance, 16 · · · battery pack control circuit, 20 · · · motor, 21 · · · drive circuit, 22 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · load control circuit, 161 · · · · charge and discharge current detection Circuit, 162: communication circuit, 163: timer, 164: memory, 165: capacitance calculation circuit, 166: input circuit, 167: pull-up resistor, 231: communication circuit , 232 ... memory, 233 ... operation switch

Claims (16)

  1. 負荷に電力を供給する電池パックであって、
    該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測部と、
    該負荷の容量需要の情報を取得する負荷情報取得部と、
    取得された該容量需要の情報に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定部と、
    前記決定部における決定に応じて容量を算出する容量算出部と、を有する電池パック。     A battery pack that supplies power to the load,
    A measurement unit that measures the charge / discharge current of the battery pack;
    A load information acquisition unit that acquires information on capacity demand of the load;
    A determination unit that determines whether to determine a capacity based on the measured charge and discharge current based on the acquired information on the capacity demand or to determine a capacity on the basis of the information on the capacity demand;
    A capacity calculation unit that calculates a capacity according to the determination in the determination unit.
  2. 負荷に電力を供給する電池パックであって、
    該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測部と、
    充放電電流が所定の値であるかを判断する判断部と、
    前記判断部の判断結果に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定部と、
    前記決定部における決定に応じて容量を算出する容量算出部と、を有する電池パック。     A battery pack that supplies power to the load,
    A measurement unit that measures the charge / discharge current of the battery pack;
    A determination unit that determines whether the charge / discharge current has a predetermined value;
    A determination unit that determines whether to determine a capacity based on the measured charge and discharge current based on the determination result of the determination unit or to determine a capacity based on information on the capacity demand;
    A capacity calculation unit that calculates a capacity according to the determination in the determination unit.
  3. 前記判断部では、充放電電流が基準値以上であり、かつ、０未満であるかを判断する請求項２に記載の電池パック。 The battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the determination unit determines whether the charge and discharge current is equal to or greater than a reference value and less than zero.
  4. 該容量需要の情報に該負荷を構成する電気回路の待機電流を含む請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の電池パック。 The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the information of the capacity demand includes a standby current of an electric circuit constituting the load.
  5. 該電気回路に発光素子を含む請求項４に記載の電池パック。 The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein the electric circuit includes a light emitting element.
  6. 該発光素子がライトである請求項５に記載の電池パック。 The battery pack according to claim 5, wherein the light emitting element is a light.
  7. 該電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれか１項に記載の電池パック。 The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
  8. 該負荷が、パワーアシスト自転車、あるいは電気自動車である請求項１乃至請求項７のいずれか１項に記載の電池パック。 The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the load is a power assist bicycle or an electric vehicle.
  9. 負荷に電力を供給する電池パックの容量を算出する電池パックの容量算出方法であって、
    該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測工程と、
    該負荷の容量需要の情報を取得する負荷情報取得工程と、
    取得された該容量需要の情報に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定工程と、
    を有する電池パックの容量算出方法。     A battery pack capacity calculation method for calculating the capacity of a battery pack that supplies power to a load, the capacity calculation method comprising:
    Measuring the charge and discharge current of the battery pack;
    A load information acquisition step of acquiring information of capacity demand of the load;
    A determination step of determining whether to determine a capacity based on the measured charge / discharge current or a capacity based on information on the capacity demand based on the acquired information on the capacity demand;
    A method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack having:
  10. 負荷に電力を供給する電池パックの容量を算出する電池パックの容量算出方法であって、
    該電池パックの充放電電流を計測する計測工程と、
    充放電電流が所定の値であるかを判断する判断工程と、
    前記判断工程の判断結果に基づき、計測された該充放電電流により容量を求めるか、該容量需要の情報により容量を求めるか、を決定する決定工程と、
    を有する電池パックの容量算出方法。     A battery pack capacity calculation method for calculating the capacity of a battery pack that supplies power to a load, the capacity calculation method comprising:
    Measuring the charge and discharge current of the battery pack;
    A determination step of determining whether the charge / discharge current is a predetermined value;
    A determination step of determining whether to determine a capacitance based on the measured charge and discharge current or a capacitance based on information on the capacitance demand based on the determination result of the determination step;
    A method of calculating the capacity of a battery pack having:
  11. 前記判断工程では、充放電電流が基準値以上であり、かつ、０未満であるかを判断する請求項１０に記載の電池パックの容量算出方法。 The battery pack capacity calculation method according to claim 10, wherein in the determination step, it is determined whether the charge and discharge current is equal to or greater than a reference value and less than zero.
  12. 該容量需要の情報に該負荷を構成する電気回路の待機電流を含む請求項９乃至請求項１１のいずれか１項に記載の電池パックの容量算出方法。 The method for calculating the capacity of a battery pack according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the information of the capacity demand includes a standby current of an electric circuit constituting the load.
  13. 該電気回路に発光素子を含む請求項１２に記載の電池パックの容量算出方法。 The method for calculating the capacity of a battery pack according to claim 12, wherein the electric circuit includes a light emitting element.
  14. 該発光素子がライトである請求項１３に記載の電池パックの容量算出方法。 The method according to claim 13, wherein the light emitting element is a light.
  15. 該電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である請求項９乃至請求項１４のいずれか１項に記載の電池パックの容量算出方法。 The battery pack capacity calculation method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
  16. 該負荷が、パワーアシスト自転車、あるいは電気自動車である請求項９乃至請求項１５のいずれか１項に記載の電池パックの容量算出方法。 The battery pack capacity calculation method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the load is a power assist bicycle or an electric vehicle.
PCT/JP2013/073302 2012-09-24 2013-08-30 Battery pack and battery pack capacity calculation method WO2014045837A1 (en)

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US20210320387A1 (en) * 2020-04-08 2021-10-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Terminal apparatus for battery module assembly

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JPH06124146A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-05-06 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Battery monitor system and battery pack
JP2008128686A (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-06-05 Nippon Yusoki Co Ltd Secondary battery monitoring apparatus of automated guided vehicle
JP2011203189A (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-10-13 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The Apparatus and method for estimating battery internal state

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JPH06124146A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-05-06 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Battery monitor system and battery pack
JP2008128686A (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-06-05 Nippon Yusoki Co Ltd Secondary battery monitoring apparatus of automated guided vehicle
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