WO2014040374A1

WO2014040374A1 - Respiratory protection system

Info

Publication number: WO2014040374A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/001070
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吕伟新
Original assignee: Lv Weixin
Priority date: 2012-09-14
Filing date: 2013-09-13
Publication date: 2014-03-20

Abstract

Disclosed is a respiratory protection system, comprising a mouth mask portion (1) and an oxygen source portion (2), wherein the mouth mask portion (1) comprises a mouth mask assembly (10), and an upper portion (30) of a quick-switch interface; the oxygen source portion (2) comprises an oxygen source assembly (20), and a lower portion (31) of the quick-switch interface; the upper portion (30) and the lower portion (31) of the quick-switch interface are adapted to each other, and when the upper portion and the lower portion of the interface are disengaged, both gas paths of the mouth mask portion (1) and of the oxygen source portion (2) are closed automatically. The oxygen sources with different features are able to engage with the same mouth mask portion (1) during usage such that a rapid and secure switching between a variety of respiratory protection sources can be achieved, thus the opportunity to rescue people is improved.

Description

Respiratory protection system

Technical field

The present invention relates to respiratory safety protection devices, and more particularly to respiratory protection systems in mines.

Background technique

At present, the coal mine uses a series of life-saving facilities such as self-rescuer, respirator, rescue capsule, refuge chamber, ventilation station, and pressure air system for the respiratory safety protection of underground workers, rescue capsules, refuge chambers, ventilation stations, etc. The interior is usually equipped with self-rescuing devices, breathing apparatus, oxygen cylinders, inflatable vests, and self-rescue devices that maintain breathing in the event of a disaster. Among them, the self-rescuer is carried by the workers throughout the whole process of work, which can provide important first-time protection for the people in distress, and is an essential tool for coal miners.

The self-rescuer currently used is divided into several basic principles of filtration, chemical oxygen, and compressed oxygen depending on the source of oxygen. It is hoped that the protection time will be extended without increasing the wearer's burden, but the portability of the portability hinders the prolonged protection time of the self-rescuer. Therefore, prolonging the self-rescuer protection time and reducing the weight and reducing the volume has always been the goal pursued.

The various types of respiratory protection or maintenance systems described above have their own unique characteristics and cannot be replaced by each other. They are currently used relatively independently. For example, after the gas outburst occurs, the worker first wears a self-rescuer, and after wearing the self-rescuer into the rescue capsule or the refuge chamber, if it is necessary to switch to the self-rescue device to continue to protect the breathing, it is necessary to take off the self-rescuer and sometimes wear the pressure. Self-rescue device mask. If the protective space such as the refuge chamber is damaged and harmful gas has been mixed, the closed breathing apparatus wearing a mask or a mouthpiece must be replaced. Every time a person is replaced, the person is exposed to the danger of inhaling harmful gases. The self-control of the breathing apparatus may be harmed if it is slightly inadvertent.

It can be seen that although there are many respiratory protection resources in the mine, various oxygen sources are not convenient for safe switching, and various respiratory protection resources that are already in the well cannot be fully and effectively utilized, and valuable resources are not effectively utilized comprehensively. Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a respiratory protection system that can be conveniently and safely switched between various respiratory protection resources, thereby effectively utilizing oxygen resources and prolonging the protection time.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a respiratory protection system including a mouthpiece portion and an oxygen source portion. The mouthpiece portion includes a mouthpiece assembly and an upper portion of the quick change interface; and the oxygen source portion includes an oxygen source component and a lower portion of the quick change interface. The upper part of the quick change interface includes a first air port and a second air port, which are collectively referred to as an upper air port; an air intake channel of the first port interface assembly, an exhalation channel of the second port interface component; and a lower portion of the quick change interface includes a third port, The fourth gas port is collectively referred to as a lower gas port; within the oxygen source portion, the third gas port is connected to the gas supply channel of the oxygen source component, the fourth gas port is connected to the gas return channel of the oxygen source component, and the gas supply channel of the oxygen source component is also The oxygen source is switched on.

For convenience of description, each section of the inspiratory channel is collectively referred to as a gas supply channel, and each section of the exhalation channel is collectively referred to as a gas return channel. A section of the channel is called a gas path, and an end of the gas path is called a gas port, and the gas port is particularly Refers to the part of the quick change interface that can be opened and closed.

The upper part of the quick change interface is adapted to the lower part of the quick change interface to form a complete quick change interface. When the upper portion of the quick change interface is separated from the lower portion of the quick change interface, the first to fourth air ports are all turned off. When the upper portion and the lower portion of the quick change interface are combined, the first air port and the third air port are connected, the second air port and the fourth air port are connected, and the first to fourth air ports are opened to realize the combination of the mouthpiece component and the oxygen source component. .

The mouthpiece assembly includes a mouthpiece, an inhalation check valve, and an expiratory check valve. The first air port is connected to the suction one-way wide inlet; the outlet of the suction check valve is connected with the mouthpiece or integrated with the mouthpiece, and when the person inhales through the mouthpiece, the air is sucked in one way and the mouth is widened. Connected to the inspiratory channel; the exhalation check valve is disposed in the exhalation channel of the mouthpiece assembly, the inlet of the exhalation check valve is connected to the mouthpiece or integrated with the mouthpiece, and the outlet is connected with the second port; When exhaling, the exhalation check valve opens to connect the person's mouth with the exhalation channel.

The oxygen source assembly includes an oxygen source and an exhalation gas treatment device; the gas supply passage of the oxygen source assembly is connected to the oxygen source; the oxygen source is a device for providing oxygen suitable for breathing or oxygen-enriched fresh air; and the return air passage is connected to the inlet of the gas treatment device. If the source of oxygen is a device that provides oxygen suitable for breathing, such as a portable chemical oxygen generator, or a portable compressed oxygen cylinder, or a large compressed oxygen cylinder, or any other device that provides oxygen suitable for breathing, the exhaled gas treatment device is a clean tank To make more efficient use of oxygen components. Clean tank is A device for removing or absorbing carbon dioxide in an exhaled gas, the exhaust port of which is connected to the third port and communicates with the air passage of the oxygen source.

As a more alternative, oxygen can also come from fresh air. At this time, the oxygen source in the system is a variety of fresh air gas for portable compressed air source, large compressed air bottle, pressure air system, air filtration detoxification device, etc. Source, in this case, the exhaled gas treatment device is a one-way exhaust valve, and the exhaled gas is directly discharged to the atmosphere by the pressure of the person exhaling, which is called a respiratory exhaust. The fourth port is connected to the inlet of the breathing and exhaust valve, the outlet of the breathing and exhausting valve is open to the atmosphere, and the exhaled gas causes the air pressure at the inlet of the breathing and exhausting valve to be higher than a threshold value, and the breathing and exhausting valve opens the exhausting air. At this time, the clean tank was replaced with a breathing exhaust.

There may also be a case where the oxygen source is a portable, low-pressure oxygen storage device, such as an oxygen bag, a low-pressure small oxygen cylinder, or a low-pressure small oxygen cylinder plus an air bag, which can only be stored in a small amount. In the case of oxygen, the oxygen source partially cancels the exhaled gas treatment device, and directly connects the third port and the fourth port, and communicates with the air supply passage. The oxygen released during use is directly used in the air bag or container, and the oxygen content gradually decreases and the carbon dioxide content gradually increases. When this oxygen source continuously replenishes the gas entering the closed chamber to a higher pressure, the exhaust valve mentioned below will be opened to reduce the pressure. The implication of this is that it can significantly reduce the weight of the oxygen source that the worker carries with the system, wear it immediately in the event of a hazard, and obtain a more durable source of oxygen in close proximity.

When the oxygen source contains a high pressure compressed gas cylinder, such as a compressed air source, a compressed oxygen cylinder, the oxygen source further includes a gas pressure reducing valve, a pressure gauge, a manual opening valve, and the like, which are usually required; when the oxygen source is a portable gas source The oxygen source also includes necessary accessories such as suspensions and protective casings. The suspension makes the protection system easy to carry and protects the casing from damage during standby.

Preferably, the mouthpiece assembly further comprises an air bag, the function of which is to buffer the pressure and to retain a part of the gas for use in the exchange process. Generally, one end of the airbag is connected to the first air port, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the one-way intake valve, that is, the air intake passage is connected in series; further, in order to better buffer the gas pressure of the exhaled person's mouth, the exhalation channel can also be used in the exhalation channel. An air bag is also connected in series, and the two air bags can be integrally formed in one body, have a longitudinal sill in the middle, or have an inner and outer inclusion relationship.

On the inhalation passage, on the exhalation passage, or on the airbag, an exhaust valve for discharging the gas in the mouth portion to the environment may be provided, and the exhaust gas is higher in the mouth portion than the setting When the threshold value is opened, the one-way valve of the exhaust gas is opened, so as to prevent the gas source of the compressed gas type from being excessively pressurized due to unstable release, and the breathing is difficult. Further, different exhaust valves may be disposed on the inspiratory channel and the exhalation channel, and the opening pressure of the exhaust gas on the exhalation channel is lower than the opening pressure of the exhaust port on the inhalation channel, higher than the exhalation list The opening pressure to the valve. The exhaust valve on the suction passage mainly suppresses the impact high pressure, and the exhaust valve on the exhalation passage is mainly used for discharging the gas in the inlet portion to discharge the exhaled gas having a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. Ok, so it is arranged on the exhalation channel.

Preferably, the mouthpiece portion may further include a temporary air passage between the first air port and the second air port; when the upper portion of the quick change interface is separated from the lower portion of the quick change interface, the temporary air path is the first air port and the first air port The two air ports are turned on, and when the upper portion of the quick change interface is connected to the lower portion of the quick change interface, the temporary air path is disconnected. The function of the temporary airway is to better utilize the oxygen in the balloon to maintain breathing when switching the oxygen source. The temporary air passage may be a manually opened valve, or a wide door linked with a quick change interface, etc., conveniently, the temporary air passage may adopt an allowable air from the return air passage installed between the air supply passage and the return air passage. The one-way communication flow to the air supply passage is realized. When the pressure in the return air passage is higher than the value of the pressure in the air supply passage, the temporary gas circulation circuit is formed through the communication valve; The opening pressure is lower than the opening pressure of the exhaust valve and higher than the opening pressure of the one-way exhalation.

Preferably, the measures for opening and closing the ports are adopted, and the clean gas inside the system can be used to discharge the harmful gas around the quick-change interface, but this is required to first allow the oxygen to flow out of the oxygen storage container at an appropriate pressure and flow rate during use. , the gas path filled with oxygen source. The oxygen source used in the prior art compression oxygen self-rescuer is generally supplied under reduced pressure and at a constant flow rate. However, the release of oxygen in a constant flow manner is usually achieved by a very fine orifice. If it is directly connected to the replaceable self-rescuer according to the present invention, it is equal to the enclosed opening before the quick-change interface is connected. The oxygen source vents cause a higher pressure in the chamber before reaching equilibrium and not continuing to vent. Such pressure may cause a pressure shock in the breathing passage or a short-term pressure to be too high after the quick-change interface is turned on, causing people to be shocked or uncomfortable. Although the exhaust width in the mouthpiece assembly can reduce this impact, it is still difficult to completely solve the problem. Therefore, preferably, when the oxygen source contains a high pressure compressed gas cylinder, one of the following measures is further taken:

Measure one: In the oxygen source assembly, or in the gas circuit supplementing the oxygen supply, an overpressure relief valve is connected, which is suitable for the case where the gas pressure reducing valve is a constant flow type pressure reducing valve commonly used in self-rescuer; Measure 2: The gas pressure reducing valve in the oxygen source assembly adopts an overpressure cut-off type pressure reducing valve, and the pressure of the cut-off venting is less than the impact pressure that can affect the normal breathing of the person when the quick-change interface is turned on. This needs To reduce the pressure of the released gas lower, the requirements for the pressure reducing valve are higher; Measure 3: In the oxygen source assembly, a gas pressure reducing valve with a lower venting cutoff pressure, and the inside of the oxygen source assembly The volume of the portion containing the low pressure gas is much smaller than the volume of the airbag. When the quick change interface is turned on, the pressure in the oxygen source portion is rapidly lowered without causing the breathing circuit pressure to be too high. This requires that the absorbent in the clean tank has a small air gap ratio and a better gas path design: For the case where the inside of the tank contains a breathing exhaust, the gas path is simple and easy to implement.

The above is the basic structure for implementing the respiratory protection system of the present invention.

The specific structure of the quick change interface that realizes the basic functions required by the above ideas can be various. For example, most directly, it can be realized with four single-channel manual valves, but it has a more complicated operation sequence when used. It is not convenient for emergency applications. It should seek the highest possible automation structure to make the quick-change interface docking and separation process. Each port is automatically opened and closed. For example, a general joint can be used, which is equipped with a soft pipe, which is closed by a mechanism bending pipe before the joint is separated. It is also possible to directly use two sets of double-sided self-sealing quick-change joints for sale. A series of quick-change couplings can also be specially designed for this device for convenience and safety. For example, the automatic closing of the port can be achieved by the shrinkage of the elastic material such as rubber, or the quick-change interface of the desired function can be realized by valves and springs.

Preferably, the air port is improved. When the upper part of the quick change interface is combined with the lower part of the quick change interface, the two lower air ports, that is, the third and fourth air ports, are opened first, and the two upper air ports, that is, the first and second air ports, and then When the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part of the quick change interface, the two upper air ports are first closed, and the two air outlets are then closed. In this way, the harmful gas around the interface can be drained by the harmless gas ejected from the oxygen source part before the port of the mouth part is opened, thereby achieving safer gas source switching. It is even possible to open and close the four ports completely in a predetermined desired order by the design of the structure, and is not limited to the simultaneous opening and closing of the two upper or lower air ports. Discharging harmful air with a non-hazardous gas is important for ensuring safe gas source switching. Other methods are difficult to ensure that harmful gases do not mix into the system.

The quick-change interface for automatically closing the air port by utilizing the shrinkage property of the elastic material can adopt the following structure: the two upper air ports have the same structure, and the two lower air ports have the same structure; the upper air port includes an upper cavity wall, an upper top ring plate, and an upper elastic body; The upper chamber wall is connected with the upper top ring plate to form an upper air port housing; the upper elastic body is annular, and is embedded in one end of the top ring plate of the upper cavity wall, the outer edge diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the embedded groove, and the central hole is compressed after being embedded The lower air port includes a lower chamber wall, a lower top ring plate, a lower bottom ring plate, a lower elastic body, a core tube, a spring, a push rod, and a driving mechanism; the lower chamber wall is connected with the lower top ring plate to form a lower air port housing The lower elastic body is annular, and is embedded in one end of the top ring plate of the lower cavity wall, and the outer edge diameter is larger than the diameter of the embedded groove, and the central hole is closed by the compressive force after being embedded; the core tube is stepped, at the port Moving inside the casing, for opening the through hole in the closed elastic body, the thin end of the short end is combined with the intermediate hole of the upper elastic body and the lower elastic body at the quick change interface; the spring sleeve is placed at the thin end of the core tube The outer edge, the spring is in a compressed state, when the quick-change interface is disconnected, the state in which the core tube is pushed out to traverse the upper and lower elastic bodies; the lower bottom ring plate is connected to the bottom of the lower chamber wall to keep the core installed in the air port housing The parts such as the tube and the spring do not come out; when the quick-change interface is combined, the driving mechanism is activated, and the driving mechanism pushes the core tube forward through the push rod and passes through the lower elastic body to continue to move forward until the elastic body in the upper air port is passed. Achieve a combined ventilation path. The elastomer is a soft elastic material such as rubber.

The bottom ring plate is connected to the bottom of the chamber wall to keep the spring and the core tube installed inside the port housing from coming out: the push rod passes through the bottom ring plate, and there is a vent hole in the push rod. When the quick change interface is connected, first press the upper air port on the lower air port and keep the connection state by the anti-disengagement mechanism: then open the air port with the core tube moving mechanism; the quick change interface is separated, and the operation is reversed in the above order. The core tube pushing mechanism can be implemented in many ways, for example, a mechanism that is externally connected with a handle and internally connected with a gear, and a portion that penetrates the air passage is sealed, and the gear and the rack on the push rod of the interface act. The purpose of controlling the opening and closing of the air port is achieved.

The quick change interface for the required functions with valves and springs enables a richer functional difference and improvement: The two gas paths can be arranged in parallel or coaxially, and can be arranged in an open and close sequence during docking or separation. Achieve the required on/off function of the temporary air circuit. To realize its basic function, the following structures can be adopted: the four ports in the quick change interface, that is, the first to fourth ports, each having a movable valve and a spring, and the valve moves in the port housing for opening or closing The air outlet, when the quick change interface is disconnected, the spring in the compressed state forces the valve to move forward, the middle of the larger diameter of the valve is in contact with the top ring plate of the port housing, and the top ring plate is in direct contact with the valve or through the seal. , forming a pair of sealing faces. In order to facilitate the manufacture and improve the sealing property, the surface of the top ring plate constituting the sealing surface may be substantially tapered; of course, other shapes for facilitating the formation of the sealing surface are also possible, but the convenience of the taper, particularly the conical shape. More. The diameter-converted connection inside the funnel-shaped port housing is achieved by the generally conical lower surface of the top ring plate. The middle portion of the valve moves within the thick cylindrical portion of the housing of the funnel-shaped port, and the top end of the pot moves within the thin cylindrical portion of the housing of the funnel-shaped port; if the sealing surface passes through the seal Formed, and the seal is relatively fixed to the port housing, then the seal is considered to be part of the top ring plate, and the substantially conical sealing surface is represented by the seal, and the tapered surface may be the seal Realized. There is also a bottom ring plate in each port, which is connected with the bottom of the thick cylindrical portion of the casing of the funnel-shaped port to keep the spring and the valve installed inside the port housing from coming out, and the bottom ring plate has a vent hole. Depending on the structure, the bottom ring plate may be integrated with other structures, such as the bottom of the cylindrical portion. When the quick change interface is combined, the valve in the upper part of the quick change interface is in contact with the corresponding valve in the lower part of the quick change interface, so that the spring is compressed, the air port is opened, and the top ring plate and the quick change in the upper part of the quick change interface are The corresponding top ring plates in the lower portion of the interface are subsequently contacted to form an isolated sealing surface for each gas path and other spaces. If the two air passages in the quick change interface are arranged coaxially, the valve used for the outer air port is hollow, and the other air port is accommodated therein, and the valve used for the inner air port is solid. With regard to such a quick change interface, its beneficial structural changes will be further described later.

For the quick change interface realized by the valve and the spring, when the two gas passages of the quick change interface are arranged in parallel, the four gas ports have the same principle, the structure is similar or the same, or the shapes are similar, only the sizes are different, and even the dimensions are completely the same. For example, the two upper ports can be made identical, and the two lower ports can be made identical to reduce the number of parts. ^The gas port includes a cavity wall, a top ring plate, a bottom ring plate, a valve, and a spring; the cavity wall is cylindrical. The cavity wall and the top ring plate and the bottom ring plate together form a casing of the air port, and are a funnel or a hollow stepped air port housing. Using a funnel as an analogy, the outer edge of the funnel represents the cavity wall, the tapered portion of the funnel represents the lower surface of the top ring plate, and the central hole of the top ring plate represents the small end of the funnel. The outer diameter of the middle portion of the valve is larger than the central hole of the top ring plate, and is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity wall, leaving a ventilation gap; if the bottom ring plate is used to guide the tail of the support valve, the outer diameter of the middle portion of the valve is also larger than the bottom ring plate The diameter of the central bore, and the lower end of the valve is in sliding engagement with the central bore of the bottom ring plate. If the outer diameter of the middle portion of the valve is slidably matched with the inner diameter of the cavity wall, an air vent or an air vent may be provided outside the range covered by the sealing contact surface, and an air groove may be provided on the cavity wall so that the air port is opened. The gas flows through. The upper end of the wide end is placed in the center hole of the top ring plate, and has a gap with the hole; or the upper end of the valve has a small diameter, and when the valve is retracted, a gap is formed between the upper end of the valve and the center hole of the top ring plate to open the air port for airflow by. The valve and the spring are mounted in the air port housing; one end of the spring abuts against the bottom end of the bottom ring plate or the cavity wall, the other end abuts against the wide, and is always in a compressed state, after the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part of the quick change interface, the spring The wide pressure is pressed against the lower side surface of the top ring plate; the bottom ring plate and the bottom of the cavity wall are connected by a thread or a card π, etc., so as to keep the spring and the valve installed inside the air port housing from coming out, and bear the reaction of the spring. force. If the center hole of the bottom ring plate is used as the guiding structure of the valve, the bottom ring plate is also provided with other vent holes for forming the air passage, or the lower portion of the central valve is provided with a venting structure. The lower surface of the top ring plate is not limited to a flat surface, and may be formed into a cylindrical shape or a substantially conical shape, or other shape which is convenient to form a sealing surface with the middle portion of the valve. It is recommended to adopt a conical shape, which may be changed according to the structural requirements. , such as increasing the transition fillet.

In order to achieve the orderly opening of the port, the above quick change interface can be further improved as follows: the stiffness of the spring in the lower port is smaller than the stiffness of the spring in the corresponding upper port, or the stiffness of the two springs is the same, even the two springs are identical However, the pre-compression amount of the spring in the upper air port is larger than the pre-compression amount of the spring in the lower air port, so that the opening and closing force is different. In the lower air port, the bottom ring plate is provided with a structure for limiting the valve it accommodates, for example, the bottom ring plate center hole is directed to the guide and the axial limit, or the lower limit of the valve is set to its own movement limit. The structure, such as the step on the lower portion of the valve, or other structure limits the movement of the lower valve, such as the ultimate compression of the spring. Therefore, the valve is equipped with a spring: when the upper part of the quick change interface is docked, the resistance of the lower valve spring when the lower air port is completely opened is smaller than the resistance of the upper valve spring when the corresponding upper air port is just opened, so that before the lower jaw encounters the limit, The springs in the corresponding upper ports are not compressed, thereby achieving the desired port opening and closing sequence.

Preferably, the air port housing of the upper air port has an axially extending flange on the outer side of the top ring plate, or at least three guiding claws which are evolved from the intermittent flange, or other guiding structure to the flange For example. The inner side of the distal end of the flange is chamfered and has a trumpet shape, which is convenient for guiding the air port housing of the lower air port. For the coaxial arrangement of the air path, it refers to the air port housing for guiding the outer air port to complete the fitting connection. The top of the valve included in the lower port is flush with or slightly out of the outer side of the top ring plate to prevent the top of the valve from being damaged: the top of the valve included in the upper port is smaller than the top ring plate. Long, but does not find the flange of the upper port housing to facilitate protection of the top of the valve.

Preferably, the upper end of the lower valve has a small cylindrical surface that is slidingly engaged with the inner edge of the lower top ring plate, and the length thereof may be only the thickness at the inner edge of the top ring plate, and the cylindrical portion is filled with the inner edge of the top ring plate. Into the space. This reduces the chance of impurities such as dust falling into the port.

Preferably, the upper surface of the lower valve has a structure such as a pit or a boss that matches the top end of the upper valve at a central portion in contact with the top end of the upper valve, and the structure can limit the tip side deviation of the upper valve, Conducive to smooth movement and improved sealing performance.

Preferably, the peripheral portion of the upper surface of the lower valve is flush with the upper surface of the top ring plate included in the lower port, and the upper surface is supported by The near center portion, that is, the portion in contact with the top end of the upper valve, has a structure such as a pit or a boss that matches the top end of the upper valve, thereby retaining the concentric positioning of the top end of the upper valve and facilitating the cleaning of the port. It is not easy to damage the lower valve.

Preferably, in the case where the air passages are arranged in parallel, the outer surfaces of the chamber walls of the two upper air ports are integrated. This allows the two upper air ports to be integrated, and the two air ports can be connected or separated at one time. In addition, the outer surfaces of the chamber walls of the two lower air ports may be integrated into one body. In this way, the two lower air ports are integrated into one body, so that the entire interface can be integrated, and it is obvious that the upper and lower air ports can be deformed as such.

Preferably, except for the housing, the parts constituting the two upper air ports adopt the same structure and size, and the parts constituting the two air outlets have the same structure and size; or in addition, the same sealing member is used for each port; or The same bottom ring plate is used for the port; or the same other parts are used for each port. This will reduce the number of parts.

Preferably, in the case where the air passages are arranged in parallel, the joint portion of one of the gas passages in the quick change interface and the air passage of the external port assembly may be included in the other passage. This provides a wide range of options for pneumatic design.

Preferably, the contact between the valve in each port and the top ring plate in contact with the sealing ring is a matching tapered surface, or only the contact sealing surface of the top ring plate is a tapered surface, and the contact sealing surface of the valve is a circle An annular surface or other shaped surface; or in addition, a sealing material is attached to the sealing surface or a seal is applied between the valve and the top ring plate. The sealing member is disposed on the upper side of the middle portion of the crucible or on the lower side of the top ring plate, which is a measure for improving the sealing performance of the port itself. In order to better isolate from the environment, a seal may be disposed between the two pairs of top ring plates that are in contact with each other when the quick change interface is combined, or the outer surface of the air port housing of the lower air port and the flange of the upper portion of the quick change interface A seal is provided between the inner sides.

Preferably, the cavity wall and the bottom ring plate of each port are made of plastic material, and the cavity wall and the bottom ring plate are combined by a method of clamping after being pressed, or bonding, or being stuck after pressing and bonding. This makes use of mass production.

Preferably, when the upper part of the quick change interface is combined with the lower part of the quick change interface, the upper part of the quick change interface and the lower part of the interface may be connected by a steel ball lock, or a snap connection, or a bayonet lock connection, or a screw lock. Keep docked. If the two air paths are symmetrical structural design, the quick change interface also has a structure to prevent erroneous docking, so that the wrong operation cannot be completed.

Preferably, the quick change interface can be designed as a separately separable and independently testable structure from other parts; by assembly, the upper part of the quick change interface is combined with the mouthpiece component, and the lower part of the quick change interface is combined with the oxygen source component. This will help to ensure the quality of the interface.

If the fast-changing interface itself is not provided with the combined holding mechanism, when the upper part of the quick-change interface is combined with the lower part of the quick-change interface, the upper part of the quick-change interface and the lower part of the quick-change interface are connected by the holding mechanism; or even the quick-change interface itself With the combination of the holding mechanism, the combined holding mechanism is further used to strengthen the connection state, which is convenient for improving safety.

The above is a preferred improvement, and the individual case is only applicable to one of the parallel arrangement of the gas path or the coaxial arrangement of the gas path, but it is obvious that many improvements are applicable to various situations.

In order to better solve the technical problem of switching between oxygen sources, the present invention also provides a quick change interface suitable for the function of the above respiratory protection system. Since the detailed description of the structure is complicated, the structure of each part is given the same name according to the function. When it is necessary to distinguish the specific structure name in each port, the position of the corresponding part is added before the name to describe "upper, lower", "inside and outside", such as The center valve in the upper part of the quick change interface is named "upper center valve", and the top ring plate on the lower side of the quick change interface is called "lower outer top ring plate". The specific structure is as follows: The two gas paths of the quick change interface are coaxially arranged. The upper part of the quick change interface includes an upper outer cavity wall, an upper inner cavity wall, an upper outer top ring plate, an upper outer bottom ring plate, an upper inner top ring plate, an upper inner bottom ring plate, an upper center cymbal, an upper annular valve, and an upper central valve. The upper inner cavity wall has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the upper outer cavity wall, and the upper inner cavity wall is coaxially disposed inside the upper outer cavity wall; the upper outer top ring plate is fixed on the upper outer cavity wall The top end, the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper inner cavity wall form an annular vent, the air port can be closed by the upper annular valve; the upper outer bottom ring plate is fixed at the other end of the upper outer cavity wall, and the inner edge can be fixed on the upper end On the outer edge of the inner cavity wall, the upper outer bottom ring plate may also be integrated with the upper inner cavity wall; the upper outer bottom ring plate is provided with a vent hole; the upper outer cavity wall, the upper inner cavity wall, the upper outer top ring plate And the upper outer bottom ring plate together form a cavity for receiving the upper annular ring and the upper annular valve spring;

In the middle of the upper annular valve, the outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the upper outer top ring plate and smaller than the inner diameter of the upper outer cavity wall and has a gap, or a sliding fit with the upper outer cavity wall but a ventilation structure outside the coverage of the sealing surface for the air port The airflow passes after opening; the outer diameter of the upper annular upper portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper outer top ring plate and has a gap, or there is no gap but a ventilation structure allowing airflow, such as a venting groove; the upper annular valve is sleeved in the upper inner cavity The outer ring edge; the upper annular valve spring, one end abuts against the upper outer ring plate or the cavity wall, and the other end abuts against the upper ring valve and is compressed State, when the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part of the quick change interface, the upper annular valve is pressed against the upper outer top ring plate, and the upper part of the upper annular valve is protruded from the inner edge of the upper outer ring plate and the upper inner cavity The annular opening formed by the outer edge of the wall.

The upper inner ring plate and the upper inner bottom ring plate are fixed in the upper inner cavity wall; the upper inner top ring plate, the upper inner bottom ring plate and the upper inner cavity wall together form a central valve and an upper central valve spring. a cavity; a venting hole is provided on the upper inner ring plate; a middle portion of the upper central valve, the outer diameter is larger than the diameter of the central hole of the upper inner ring plate, smaller than the inner diameter of the upper inner cavity wall and has a gap, or with the upper inner cavity wall Sliding fit but with venting holes, venting grooves, etc. outside the coverage of the sealing surface. If the lower portion of the upper central valve is elongated and the diameter is smaller than the diameter of the central hole of the upper inner bottom ring plate, the central hole can be used to guide the forward and backward movement of the central valve, or it can be positioned only by a spring and used for short. Central valve. The upper end of the upper central valve is placed in the center hole of the upper inner top ring plate; the upper central valve spring has one end abutting against the upper inner bottom ring plate, and the other end abuts against the upper central valve and is in a compressed state, at the upper part of the quick change interface When the lower part of the quick change interface is separated, the middle of the upper center cymbal is pressed against the upper inner top ring plate, and the upper part of the upper central valve is protruded from the center hole of the upper inner top ring plate.

The lower part of the quick change interface is the same as the above corresponding structure of the upper part of the quick change interface, and only the auxiliary structure is different. Therefore, the "upper" in the above text is correspondingly changed to "down", and will not be described again.

The lower surface of each top ring plate is not limited to a flat surface, and may be formed into a cylindrical or conical shape, or other shape that facilitates forming a sealing surface together with the middle portion of the crucible; when the quick-change interface is combined, the upper end and the lower end of the upper annular crucible The h-end of the valve is in contact, and the upper end of the upper central valve is in contact with the upper end of the lower center cymbal; the length of the top of the outer top ring plate is adjusted by adjusting the four valves, so that the air ports can fully open when the quick-change interface is combined.

In order to improve the airtightness, a sealing ring may be disposed between the inner edge of the upper annular valve and the outer edge of the upper inner cavity wall, between the inner edge of the lower annular valve and the outer edge of the lower inner cavity wall; The upper side is provided with a sealing jaw on the upper side of the middle portion of the lower annular valve; a sealing ring may be disposed on the upper side of the middle portion of the upper central valve and the upper side of the middle portion of the lower central valve. It is also possible to provide a sealing ring between the upper outer annular valve, the lower outer annular valve, or the upper and outer outer annular wall of the upper and outer annular valves.

Preferably, the lower central valve itself is provided above or below the lower inner bottom ring plate, and even at the appropriate position of the lower inner cavity wall, the structure of the lower central valve is limited, and the spring can be compressed and the height after the circle is fixed. Features to achieve the limit of the valve. Here, the upper inner ring plate and the lower inner top ring plate are not in contact with each other or are in contact with each other through the elastic sealing material, and do not affect the opening degree of each port.

Furthermore, one of the following structures is adopted to realize the function that the lower air port is first opened, the upper air port is then opened, and the upper air port is first turned off, the lower air port is then turned off when the quick change interface is separated:

Structure 1: The bottom of the inner cavity wall is provided with a step or other structure having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the top, as a limit structure for the lower annular width. The top of the outer top ring plate defines the broad convex amount as the reference: Under the action of the lower annular spring, when the lower annular ring is pressed against the lower outer top ring plate, the upper part of the lower annular valve protrudes from the lower outer top ring plate. The length of the top is called the amount of protrusion of the lower ring valve. Under the action of the lower center 闽 spring, the lower center valve is pressed against the lower inner top ring plate, and the upper part of the lower central valve is the length of the top of the lower outer ring plate. It is called the lower central valve protrusion amount; under the action of the upper ring valve spring, when the upper ring valve is pressed against the upper outer top ring plate, the upper part of the upper annular ring protrudes from the top of the upper outer ring plate. The amount of convexity of the annular valve; under the action of the upper central valve spring, when the h center valve is pressed against the upper inner top ring plate, the upper portion of the upper central valve protrudes from the top of the upper outer ring plate The amount.

The maximum distance that the upper annular valve can move between the upper outer top ring plate and the upper outer bottom ring plate is called the maximum displacement of the upper annular valve; the upper central valve is movable between the upper inner top ring plate and the upper inner bottom ring plate. The maximum distance is called the maximum displacement of the upper central valve; the maximum distance that the lower annular valve can move between the lower outer top ring plate and the limit structure is called the maximum displacement of the lower annular valve; the lower central valve is in the lower inner top ring plate and the limit structure. The maximum distance that can be moved between is called the maximum displacement of the lower central valve. According to the structural requirements, the front end faces of the above four valves do not protrude from the top of the upper outer ring plate, but fall below the plane, that is, there may be a negative number in the maximum displacement, but the maximum displacement of the two valves corresponding to the contact And greater than zero, is the sum of the opening strokes of the upper and lower corresponding ports. The sum of the lower central valve protrusion amount and the upper center 闽 protrusion amount is greater than the lower center 闽 maximum displacement, and smaller than the sum of the lower central valve maximum displacement and the upper central valve maximum displacement; the lower annular valve protrusion amount and the upper ring valve The sum of the protrusions is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower ring valve and less than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower ring valve and the maximum displacement of the upper ring. This ensures that each port can be fully opened.

In addition, it is necessary to equip the spring with the following principle: During the process of docking the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface, the resistance of the lower central valve spring when the lower inner air port is fully opened is less than the resistance of the upper central valve spring when the upper inner air port is just opened, and the lower outer air port is fully opened. The resistance of the ring-shaped spring is less than the resistance of the upper ring spring when the upper air port is just opened, so that the upper central valve spring is not used until the lower central valve encounters the limit. Compression, the upper ring valve spring is not compressed before the lower ring valve encounters the limit, or at least the spring of the upper port is not retracted until the valve serving as the port of the third port is fully opened and the limit is encountered; It is guaranteed that the lower air port is opened before the upper air port. It is necessary to ensure that the third port is first opened because the port provides a breathable gas with a certain pressure, and the poison gas around the interface can be drained.

Structure 2: The structure for setting the limit of the lower ring valve, for example, the step of the bottom outer diameter of the lower inner cavity wall is larger than the outer diameter of the top, as in the case of the structure one. The upper inner top ring plate is not fixed to the upper inner cavity wall, but is integrated with the upper annular valve, which is called an upper combined body; shortening the height of the upper inner cavity wall to leave an appropriate moving range for the upper combined body, The maximum bit of the range of movement is referred to as the maximum displacement of the upper combined body.

The maximum distance that the upper central valve can move between the upper combined body and the upper inner bottom ring plate is called the maximum displacement of the upper central valve; the maximum distance that the lower annular valve can move between the lower outer top ring plate and the limit structure is called the lower The maximum displacement of the ring valve; the maximum distance that the lower center valve can move between the lower inner top ring plate and the limit structure is called the maximum displacement of the lower center valve. Under the action of the lower annular wide spring, when the lower annular valve is pressed against the lower outer top ring plate, the length of the upper portion of the lower annular valve that protrudes from the top of the lower outer ring plate is called the lower annular valve convex amount; When the middle of the lower central valve is pressed against the lower inner top ring plate, the length of the upper portion of the lower central valve to the top of the lower outer ring plate is referred to as the lower central valve protrusion amount. Under the action of the upper central valve spring, or the upper central yoke spring and the upper annular valve spring, when the upper combined body is pressed against the upper outer top ring plate, the upper part of the upper combined body originally belonging to the upper annular cymbal portion is ejected. The length of the top of the outer top ring plate is called the convex amount of the upper combined body; under the action of the upper central valve spring, when the upper central wide middle portion is pressed against the upper combined body, the upper part of the upper center is seen on the upper part. The length of the top of the outer top ring plate is referred to as the upper central valve projection. The sum of the amount of the lower central valve and the amount of the upper central valve is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower central valve, and smaller than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower center and the maximum displacement of the upper center: the amount of the lower annular valve and the upper combined body The sum of the bulging amounts is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower annular valve, and is smaller than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower annular cymbal and the maximum displacement of the upper combined body, so that all four ports can be fully opened. When the upper part of the quick change interface is completely combined with the lower part of the quick change interface, the upper combined body is in sealing contact with the front end of the upper inner cavity wall; the equivalent stiffness of the upper central valve spring in parallel with the upper annular valve spring is large. In theory, the upper ring valve spring can be omitted, but it can also be appropriately selected according to the structural arrangement, for example, using it to realize that the two upper air ports are not simultaneously opened. The valve spring is equipped as follows: During the contact between the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface, the lower central valve and the lower annular cymbal are all in the limit position, or the valve serving as the port of the third air port is fully opened and the upper air port is encountered before the limit is reached. Any one of the springs does not retract.

The advantage of the structure 2 is that the opening and closing function of the required temporary air passage is realized in linkage. Moreover, it is easy to improve the insulation performance between the gas passages by making the surface of the upper combined body into an elastic sealing material, thereby reducing the seal, and the structure is relatively simple.

Structure 3: The upper inner top ring plate is not fixed to the upper inner cavity wall, but is integrated with the upper annular valve, and is called an upper combined body; shortening the height of the upper inner cavity wall, leaving an appropriate moving range for the upper combined body The maximum value of the moving range is called the maximum displacement of the upper combined body; the maximum distance that the upper center 可 can move between the upper combined body and the upper inner bottom ring plate is called the maximum displacement of the upper central valve; the lower inner top ring plate does not The lower inner cavity wall is fixed, and is integrated with the lower annular cymbal, which is called a lower combined body; the height of the lower inner cavity wall is shortened, and an appropriate moving range is left for the lower combined body, and the maximum value of the moving range is called lower The maximum displacement of the combined body; the maximum distance that the lower central valve can move between the lower outer top ring plate and the top end surface of the lower inner wall is called the maximum displacement of the lower central valve. When the upper central valve spring, or the upper central valve spring and the upper annular yoke spring act together, when the upper combined body is pressed against the upper outer top ring plate, the upper part of the upper combined body originally belonging to the upper annular valve portion is protruded The length of the top of the outer top ring plate is called the convex amount of the upper combined body; under the action of the upper central valve spring, when the middle portion of the upper central valve is pressed against the upper combined body, the upper portion of the upper central valve is protruded. The length of the top of the outer top ring plate is referred to as the upper central valve projection amount;

Under the joint action of the lower central valve spring, or the lower annular valve spring and the lower central valve spring, when the lower combined body is pressed against the lower outer top ring plate, the upper portion of the lower combined body protrudes from the top of the lower outer top ring plate. The amount of protrusion of the lower combined body; under the action of the lower central helium spring, when the middle portion of the lower central valve is pressed against the lower combined body, the length of the upper portion of the lower central portion of the lower center is referred to as the lower central broad convex portion. The amount. The sum of the convex amount of the lower central valve and the convex amount of the upper central valve is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower center ,, and is smaller than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower center 与 and the maximum displacement of the upper central valve; the amount of the lower combined body and the upper combined body The sum of the bulging amounts is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower combined body, and is smaller than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower combined body and the maximum displacement of the upper combined body, so that the four ports can be fully opened; when the upper part of the quick change interface and the lower part of the quick change interface are completely After bonding, the upper combined body is in sealing contact with the front end of the upper inner cavity wall, and the lower combined body is in sealing contact with the front end of the lower inner cavity wall. The equivalent stiffness of the upper central valve spring in parallel with the upper annular valve spring is large, but one of the upper annular valve spring, the lower annular valve spring, or both, may be omitted. So equipped with a valve spring: During the process of contacting the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface, the lower center 闽 and the lower combined body are all limited. Any one of the upper air ports does not retract before the valve that is used as the port of the third port is fully opened and the limit is encountered. The advantage of the structure 3 is that the opening and closing function of the required temporary air passage is realized in linkage, and the structure is relatively simple, but it is inconvenient to ensure the isolation of the two lower air ports when the quick change interface is separated.

In addition, if it is further required that the third port is opened before the fourth port, the sum of the amount of protrusion of the pair of upper and lower valves containing the port is further greater than the sum of the amount of protrusion of the other pair of upper and lower valves. This is suitable for all of the above three configurations, so that the required port can be opened in size.

When the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface are combined, the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface are locked by a steel ball, or a bayonet lock connection, or a screw lock connection, or a buckle, etc., to ensure that the docking state is not damaged. When you need to play separate, first manually unlock.

The present invention also provides a method of using the system to properly utilize the respiratory protection system provided by the present invention to fully exert its effects. Since the method of use is also involved in the subsequent embodiments, in order to make the discussion more causal and avoid duplication, the steps of the method of use are summarized in the back of the specification, where only relevant analysis is performed.

Different protection sources are established by using different oxygen sources to form a protection system. Each system is designed into two parts: the mouth part and the oxygen source part. Change the interface to connect. The function of the mouth part is to form a closed oxygen supply channel and a recovery exhaled gas channel, which buffers a certain amount of gas, which can be identical in each respiratory protection system. Since a plurality of oxygen source portions have the same lower portion of the quick change interface, they can be used in part with the same mouthpiece, and can be realized in a mine such as a self-rescuer, a respirator, an oxygen cylinder, an inflatable vest, and a self-rescue device. The safe and fast switching between the respiratory protection resources can overcome the short-term limitation of the self-rescuer protection time carried around, and can effectively utilize various oxygen sources under the mine to prolong the self-rescue time. The "same quick change interface" means that the docking standards of the interfaces are the same, interchangeable, and are not limited to the same structure and size. Since the new system can be combined by selecting different oxygen sources, the user can select the most suitable oxygen resource without replacing the mouth part: Carry the lightest oxygen source when you are spare, you need to grow When you are away, change the oxygen source that is moderate but portable, and wait for assistance to use a fixed source of oxygen that provides long-term protection. This avoids the difficulty of pursuing an increase in weight that cannot be overcome by prolonging the protection time of the self-rescuer. Instead, it can specifically develop some particularly lightweight self-rescuers or oxygen bags and oxygen tanks, as long as they are capable of short-term first-time protection. In the future, if it is required to wear a dust-proof filter function during the operation of the worker, or even a system that has a certain function of filtering out harmful gases, such a system can also be incorporated into the emergency respiratory protection system by using the same interface. Further reduce the possibility of personnel being victimized.

With the improvement of mine protection measures, the coal mines should be equipped with various protection devices such as self-rescue systems, rescue cabins, and shelters. These facilities also provide a fixed source of oxygen. If the person flees here and can isolate the external harmful gas, he can take off the self-rescuer and take shelter for a long time. However, if toxic gas has invaded these facilities, the original respiratory protection system cannot be removed for replacement. If the various respiratory protection systems used have a uniform quick-change interface, the oxygen resources used here can be quickly switched without risk, and the conditions of use of the fixed oxygen source are broadened. After someone else's oxygen resources are exhausted, others can temporarily lend to urgently needed people to ease the emergency. Due to the situation of the disaster, the state of the personnel experienced from the occurrence of mining accidents to the successful escape from the underground is different. In the running and escaping state, a portable system is needed; in the period of refuge, a long-term oxygen supply system is required, which may be a fixed facility such as a large compressed oxygen cylinder or a self-rescue system; if the evacuation channel is opened, There may still be poisonous gas, you need to use a portable device to evacuate the mine, you can also switch to use the respirator brought by the rescuer.

In the respiratory protection system provided by the present invention, in addition to the system that the person wears must be equipped with the mouth part, other spare systems can cancel the spare part or only a small amount of spare parts, thereby reducing expenditure, and correspondingly The step of removing the unnecessary parts of the spare system in the standby system is eliminated, and the time for the replacement process is shortened.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the following is a brief description of the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the drawings illustrate only some of the principles and embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art need not be creative. Under the premise of labor, other programs can be promoted based on these drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the quick change interface of one embodiment of the respiratory protection system:

2 is a schematic diagram of the separation of the quick change interface of one embodiment of the respiratory protection system;

Figures 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of the discussion of the position setting of the quick change interface:

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a part of the mouthpiece of the respiratory protection system quick-change interface:

Figure 6 to Figure 8 are several implementations of the temporary air path of the quick change interface;

Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a respiratory protection system employing a clean air source;

Figure 10 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a respiratory protection system using an air filtration detoxification device;

Figure 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a respiratory protection system using a low pressure oxygen cylinder;

Figure 12 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a respiratory protection system using a low pressure oxygen cylinder plus an air bag;

Figure 13 to Figure 17 are schematic diagrams of several combinations of air ports in the quick change interface;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the concept of "fast change interface is relatively independent of other parts":

19 and 20 are schematic diagrams showing basic constituent elements of a quick change interface realized by shrinkage of an elastic material;

21 is a schematic diagram showing the basic structure of a quick change interface realized by a valve;

22 and 23 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of the quick change interface realized by the valve under the coaxial arrangement of the gas path;

Figure 24 is a schematic view showing an improvement of the structure of the quick change interface realized by the valve in the coaxial arrangement of the gas path;

25 and 26 are schematic diagrams showing the improvement of the quick-change interface structure realized by the valve under the coaxial arrangement of the gas path;

Figure 27 to Figure 29 are schematic views of the preferred shape of the sealing surface between the valve and the port housing in the quick change interface;

30 to 33 are schematic views of the preferred shape of the top end surface of the quick change interface;

Fig. 34 to Fig. 36 are schematic diagrams showing the function principle of preventing the harmful gas from being mixed in during the switching process through the orderly opening and closing of the gas port; Fig. 37 and Fig. 38 are schematic diagrams showing the principle of sequentially opening and closing the quick change interface;

39 and 40 are schematic diagrams showing the use, retention, and mis-connection of sealing materials or seals in the quick change interface;

Figure 41 is a comprehensive schematic diagram of an embodiment of a respiratory protection system;

Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of the simplest and lightest respiratory protection system;

Figure 43 is a schematic representation of the most complex and technically comprehensive respiratory protection system. Reference mark:

1 - mouth part, 10-portion component, 〗 01 - mouthpiece, 102-exhale one-way wide, 103-suction check valve, 104-airbag, 105-assisted exhaust valve,

106-exhaust valve, 107-connected valve, 3029-temporary gas path;

2-oxygen source part, 20-oxygen source component, 201-oxygen source, 202-cleaning tank, 203-breathing exhaust valve, 204-oxygen storage bladder, 207-pressure relief valve;

3- quick change interface, 3601 - seal one, 3602-seal two, 3603-seal two, 30- quick change interface upper, 30] - first port,

302-second port, 3001 - upper elastomer, 3010-upper wall, 3020-upper wall, 3005-flange, 3014-upper top ring plate, 3024-upper top ring plate, 3012-up Outsole ring plate, 3022-upper bottom ring plate, 3021 - upper center valve, 301 1 - upper ring valve, 3023 - upper center valve spring, 3013 - upper ring valve spring, 31 - quick change interface lower part, 31 1 - Third port, 312-fourth port, 3101-lower elastomer, 3 102-core tube, 3 103-push rod, 3104-core tube drive mechanism, 31 10-lower outer wall, 3120-lower inner wall, 3 1 14- lower outer top ring plate, 3 124-lower inner top ring plate, 3 1 12-lower outer bottom ring plate, 3 122-lower inner bottom ring plate, 3 121 - lower center 阖, 31 1 1 - lower Ring valve, 3123-lower center valve spring, 3 1 13-lower ring spring, 3500-first holding mechanism,

3501 - second holding mechanism,

9-person.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are not possible in all embodiments. Based on this, all other embodiments that can be obtained without creative labor are within the scope of protection. Embodiment 1 (Basic composition and working principle of respiratory protection system) The respiratory protection system, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, includes a mouthpiece portion 1 and an oxygen source portion 2; the mouthpiece portion 1 includes a mouthpiece assembly 10, a quick change interface upper portion 30, and the oxygen source portion 2, The oxygen source assembly 20 and the quick change interface lower portion 31 are included. The mouthpiece assembly 10 includes a mouthpiece 101, an inhalation check valve 103, and an expiratory one-way port 102. The exhalation check valve 102 is disposed in the exhalation passage of the mouthpiece assembly 10, the inlet thereof is in communication with or integral with the mouthpiece 101, and the outlet thereof is connected to the second port 302 of the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface; when the person 9 passes through the mouthpiece 101 When exhaling, the expiratory one-way 闽 102 snoring, the mouthpiece 101 is connected to the exhalation channel, and the exhaled gas enters the return air passage in the oxygen source part 2. The suction check valve 103 is disposed in the air suction passage of the mouthpiece assembly 10, and the inlet end thereof communicates with the first air port 301 of the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface, and the outlet end communicates with the mouthpiece or is integrated with the same; When the 101 inhalation is inhaled, the inhalation one-way 闽 103 is opened to connect the human oral cavity with the inhalation passage. The mouthpiece 101 in contact with the mouth of the human body may be a structural form adopted by a self-rescuer commonly used on the market, a system that bites the inside of the mouth during use, and requires a nose clip to seal the nostrils, or a mask having a similar function. Half mask, etc., but for the convenience of description, it is called a mouthpiece. If the mouthpiece assembly employs a mask, the mouthpiece 101 refers to a mask. The quick change interface upper portion 30 includes a first air port 301 and a second air port 302. The first air port 301 is connected to the air intake channel of the mouthpiece assembly 10, and the second air port 302 is connected to the exhalation channel of the component 10; The third port 311 is connected to the air supply passage of the oxygen source assembly 20, the air supply passage of the oxygen source assembly 20 is connected to the oxygen source 201, and the fourth port 312 is connected to the oxygen source assembly 20. The return air passage.

Preferably, the oxygen source 201 is a plurality of oxygen sources including a portable oxygen source; for example, the oxygen source 201 can be one of the following portable oxygen sources: a small compressed oxygen cylinder, a small chemical oxygen generator, an oxygen bag, etc. It can be one of the following stationary oxygen sources: large compressed oxygen cylinders, large chemical oxygen generators, and the like. The oxygen source 201 may even be any system that provides fresh air suitable for human breathing, such as a stationary air pressure device, a large compressed air bottle, a portable or stationary air filtration detoxification device. It is the richness of the oxygen source that allows the person in distress to choose a respiratory protection system that is suitable for the situation. If the oxygen source 201 is a device that provides medical standard oxygen, an isolated respiratory protection system can be constructed. The oxygen source assembly 20 then includes a clean tank 202. The exhaled gas is depleted of carbon dioxide by the clean tank 202 and then flows back to the suction passage. For recycling. If the oxygen source 201 is a device that provides air for human breathing, there is no need to perform a carbon dioxide removal process. Since the exhalation valve 102 is generally not completely gas-free, the exhaled gas needs to be discharged to the atmosphere. At the outlet of the gas path, a one-way breathing and exhaust valve 203 is connected in series, then the oxygen source assembly 20 includes a breathing and exhaust valve 203, and the gas returned to the oxygen source assembly 20 is discharged into the atmosphere to ensure that the atmosphere containing the harmful components is not Inhaled by people.

The quick change interface upper portion 30 is adapted to the quick change interface lower portion 31 to form a quick change interface 3; when the quick change interface upper portion 30 is separated from the quick change interface lower portion 31, as shown in FIG. 2, the first air port 301 is turned off. The second port 302 is closed, the third port 311 is closed, and the fourth port 312 is closed; when the quick change interface is separated, the air ports in the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface and the lower portion 31 of the quick change interface are automatically turned off to realize replacement. During the process, the gas path is closed by itself, on the one hand, the harmful gas in the ambient air is prevented from entering the breathing passage, and on the other hand, the oxygen source is not leaked after the quick change interface is separated, and the inside of the fourth port 312 does not have a higher than ambient pressure. In the case of, for example, the breathing port 203 is connected to the fourth port 312, it is also possible to prevent harmful gases from entering the exhaust passage in time.

When the quick change interface upper portion 30 is combined with the quick change interface lower portion 31, as shown in FIG. 1, the first air port 301 of the quick change interface upper portion 30 and the third air port 311 of the quick change interface lower portion 31 are turned on, and the quick change interface upper portion 30 is turned on. The second port 302 is connected to the fourth port 312 of the quick change interface lower portion 31, and the first port 301, the second port 302, the third port 31 1 and the fourth port 312 are both turned on. In this way, a complete oxygen supply breathing system is constructed, and the mouthpiece portion of a respiratory protection system can be connected to the oxygen source portion of any one of the same type or other types of respiratory protection systems. A new respiratory protection system has been built.

If the mouth part is moved into the lower part of the oxygen source, as shown in Figure 3, it is also possible. The disadvantage is that under normal use, the distance from the mouth to the breathing valve is large, the breathing efficiency of the person is reduced, and the efficiency of carbon dioxide treatment is also If it is used in conjunction with a fixed oxygen source such as a compressed air system, it is inconvenient to install a plurality of breathing valves. It is more convenient to integrate the breathing valve into the mouthpiece. If it further evolves into the state described in Figure 4, it brings the benefit of simplifying the quick-change interface: only one gas path is needed, but the disadvantages of the foregoing variants are all available, and because the exhaled gas cannot be separated from the fresh gas, Further increasing the burden of carbon dioxide treatment, when the quick change interface 3 is disconnected, it is more disadvantageous to form a small system of self-circulation as shown in FIG. Embodiment 2 (airbag, exhaust valve, temporary air passage)

Based on the first embodiment, the system adds an air bag 104 for accumulating a portion of oxygen to be used in exchange for the oxygen source, thereby reducing personnel The time pressure of the changing process also buffers the pressure changes caused by the uneven air flow rate. The air bag 104 is disposed in the air intake passage of the mouthpiece assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 5. The first air port 301 of the quick change interface upper portion 30 communicates with one end air passage of the air bag 104, and the other end of the air bag 104 is connected to the suction port. The inlet end of the gas unidirectional width 103, the outlet end of the suction unidirectional width 103 is connected or integrated with the mouthpiece; when the person 9 inhales through the mouthpiece 101, the suction check valve 103 is opened, and the human mouth and suction are The gas passage is connected.

Preferably, the exhaust valve 106 is added to the air bag or the inspiratory or expiratory passage, as shown in FIG. The exhaust valve 106 is a check valve that automatically opens the exhaust when the air pressure of the breathing passage is higher than a set threshold, thereby preventing the phenomenon that the compressed air source is excessively discharged and the pressure is too high to prevent normal breathing. It is also possible to add an auxiliary exhaust valve 105 to the exhalation passage so that the opening pressure is lower than the exhaust valve 106. Then, in the case where the pressure rise in the airbag is not very rapid, the airbag is discharged with a high turbidity containing carbon dioxide. Gas, more convenient to save oxygen resources.

Preferably, a temporary air passage is provided between the inhalation passage and the exhalation passage. As shown in Figure 5, the temporary air path is located near the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface. When the quick change interface 3 is combined, the temporary air passage 3029 is disconnected, the quick change interface is separated, and the temporary air passage 3029 connects the exhalation passage and the intake passage, so that the mouth portion 1 becomes a small gas circulation system. The oxygen component stored in the airbag 104 can be smoothly breathed during the replacement of the oxygen source. If you do not set this temporary airway 3029, you should increase the volume in the breathing channel, and even make the airbag bigger, which will bring some negative effects, otherwise the smoothness of the breathing will be worse at this time; or you should take the inhalation The air volume between the valve, the exhalation valve and the oral cavity is made larger, which adversely affects the gas exchange efficiency of the human body during normal breathing, because it is equivalent to lowering the breathing depth, and a part of the inhaled gas is on the 'once Exhaled gas with a high carbon dioxide content.

Temporary air paths 3029 can be implemented in a variety of ways. As shown in Figure 8, the temporary air line is controlled to open and close by a manual valve. Alternatively, as shown in Figs. 7 and 25, the temporary air passage 3029 is integrated into the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface, and the valve associated with the quick change interface 3 is controlled to be turned on and off. It is also possible to integrate the temporary air passage 3029 into the mouthpiece assembly with the temporarily opened communication valve 107 as shown in FIG. In Fig. 8, the differential pressure of the one-way opening operation used as the intake valve 103 and the exhalation valve 102 is low, and the opening pressure difference of the communication valve 107 used as the temporary air passage 3029 is higher, when the quick change is performed. After the interface 3 is disconnected, the human's respiration continuously pumps the gas in the air bag to the exhalation channel, and increases the air pressure there. When the pressure difference from the inhalation channel reaches a higher threshold, the temporary air path 3029 passes. The communication port 107 is established, and the gas circulation shown by the broken line is realized. The advantage of this solution is that it is simple in structure and easy to integrate into the airbag. The exhaust valve 106 and the auxiliary exhaust valve 105 require a higher internal and external differential pressure to open. The communication valve 107 does not affect the operation of the intake valve, the expiratory valve, and the exhaust valve. If the exhaust valve is respectively disposed on the inhalation passage and the exhalation passage, the exhaust valve 105 and the exhaust valve 106 shown in FIG. 8 should make the opening pressure of the exhaust valve 105 on the exhalation passage lower than the suction. The opening pressure of the exhaust valve 106 on the air passage is higher than the opening pressure of the communication valve 107, so that the function of each check valve can be normally exerted without being affected by other wide influences.

Example 3 (using a variety of oxygen source to build the system)

Based on the first embodiment. Generally used in self-rescuer are portable oxygen sources. For example, oxygen source 201 is a small compressed oxygen cylinder. Changing the oxygen source 201 to a large, non-portable compressed oxygen cylinder can also work, as shown in Figure 43. The basic structure at this time is shown in Figure 1. The selection section in the figure uses a clean tank 202 instead of a breath exhaust valve 203. In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the oxygen source assembly 20 in the oxygen source portion 2 includes a breathing exhaust 203, an oxygen source 201, where the oxygen source 201 is a pressure self-rescue system or other fresh air that provides pressure suitable for the air. Device; This situation provides miners with a long-term protection that is easy to implement and easy to deploy. The fourth air port 312 in the lower portion 31 of the quick change interface is connected to the breathing and exhaust valve 203. When the air pressure caused by human exhalation is higher than a set threshold in the air return passage of the oxygen source assembly 20, the breathing exhaust valve 203 Automatically turns on, breathing exhaust gas directly into the atmosphere. The opening pressure of the breathing and exhaust valve 203 is lower than the opening pressure of the exhaust valve 106 and the auxiliary exhaust valve 105 in the mouthpiece portion.

If the oxygen source 201 is replaced with a filter detoxification device, as shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 42, it becomes a very portable portable protection system. Even if it only works for a few minutes, it will also relieve the workers a lot of daily carrying burden. If the protection of the miners is higher in the future, it is required to wear the air purifier equipment with dust-proof filtering function or even the function of filtering out harmful gases at any time in the underground. The system can also be incorporated into the respiratory protection system. To make the protection system more optimized, even if the new protection system does not have anti-virus function, the worker still needs to wear a portable self-rescue oxygen source to spare, and can also save the time for the self-rescuing operation to take the exit when the disaster occurs. In such a new protective system, the mouthpiece 2003 that is in contact with the human body should be in the form of a mask that is more comfortable than the mouthpiece that is bitten in the mouth.

Figure 11 shows the oxygen source portion 2, eliminating the exhaled gas treatment device 203 of Figure 9, but only a low pressure small oxygen cylinder 201, The third air port 311 and the fourth air port 312 are directly connected to each other and communicate with the air supply passage of the oxygen cylinder 201. The oxygen released from the oxygen cylinder 201 is directly used for breathing in the balloon 104 during use. This can greatly reduce the weight of the system and is suitable for carrying around.

A variation of this situation is shown in FIG. 12: the mouthpiece portion does not include the air bag 104, and the oxygen source portion 2 also does not include the exhaled gas treatment device 203, but a low pressure small oxygen cylinder 201 is connected to an oxygen storage balloon 204. And the third air port 311 and the fourth air port 312 are directly connected to each other and communicate with the air supply passage of the oxygen cylinder 201. The characteristics of the system are similar to the above. Embodiment 4 (Processing of transient overvoltage)

Based on the first embodiment. In order to discharge the harmful gas near the quick-change interface with the cleaning gas, the gas in the oxygen source 201 is first flowed out and filled in the air chamber in the oxygen source assembly 20 when the oxygen source is replaced. The oxygen source used in the current compressed oxygen self-rescuer is generally supplied with a constant flow rate after decompression, and is often equipped with a supplemental air function. However, this constant flow mode is often implemented by using a detailed flow hole. If it is directly connected to the replaceable system of the present invention, it is equal to the closedly surrounding open oxygen source vent hole before the quick change interface is connected. Excessive pressure in the chamber is caused before the pressure balance is reached and the oxygen source 201 does not continue to vent. Such pressure can cause pressure shocks in the breathing passage after the quick-change interface is turned on, making people feel uncomfortable or shocked. Although the exhaust enthalpy 106 in the mouthpiece assembly can reduce this impact, as shown in Figure 5, this problem cannot be completely solved. As shown in FIG. 41 and FIG. 43, in the oxygen source portion, a position before the flow of the compressed gas into the third port 311 is increased by a pressure-proof overpressure relief port 207, and the pressure in the low-pressure chamber of the oxygen source portion is reached. If the adverse effect value is turned on before, the maximum air pressure at the time of turning on the air path is limited, and the flow rate during normal oxygen supply is not hindered. Other methods can be used to solve this problem. For example, the oxygen source 201 is changed to a constant pressure oxygen supply mode, that is, a compressed gas release mechanism having an overpressure shut-off valve or the like inside, which does not hinder the normal oxygen supply. The pressure is limited to the range of pressure requirements suitable for the self-rescuer of the present invention. Alternatively, a gas pressure reducing valve having a lower venting cutoff pressure may be used in the oxygen source assembly to maintain a volume of low pressure gas in the oxygen source assembly 20, including a gas gap in the cleaning tank 202, which is much smaller than that of the air bag 104. Volume; When the quick change interface is turned on, the pressure in the low pressure portion of the oxygen source portion is rapidly lowered without causing the breathing circuit pressure to be too high. Embodiment 5 (Layout of quick change interface)

The upper part 30 of the quick change interface and the lower part 31 of the quick change interface 3 are respectively arranged, as shown in FIG. 13 , two air paths are respectively arranged coaxially, that is, a gas path is respectively arranged on the inner and outer layers, which is easy to be quickly replaced; Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 14, a parallel arrangement with an error-proof structure may be adopted, that is, a relatively independent air passage is designed side by side, but at the same time, the whole is inserted at the same time; as shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 16, and FIG. 17, it can be prevented. The two-way split mode of the wrong plug, which is advantageous for the simplification of the interface, but requires two plugs to complete the replacement of the oxygen source. Embodiment 6 (The concept and meaning of the independent manufacturing of the quick change interface)

Since the quick change interface 3 requires interchangeability and needs to ensure the joint quality, it is required to manufacture the quick change interface 3 separately than other parts or components. Therefore, the overall structure can be separately manufactured and independent. The assembly is assembled and then assembled with the mouthpiece assembly 10 and the oxygen source assembly 20, respectively. As shown in FIG. 18, the quick change interface 3 is relatively independent. By assembly, the quick change interface upper portion 30 and the mouthpiece assembly 10 are combined to form the mouthpiece portion 1, and the quick change interface lower portion 31 and the oxygen source assembly 20 are combined to form the oxygen source portion 2. Thus constitute a complete product. For the sake of simplicity, only one gas path is drawn. Relatively independent joints can be produced and tested by specialized companies, which can improve product reliability, quality stability, ensure safe use and reduce costs. Example 7 (Basic structure of the port and improvement of structural details)

There are many structures for realizing the basic functions of the quick change interface required by the present invention, for example, a set of interfaces for connecting the holding mechanism, four manual valves, and the like can be realized. However, it is not necessarily a better choice in terms of ease of operation and reliability. The following is an example of a specially designed quick change interface. Since there are several quick-change interfaces with large structural changes that need to be described, the structures with common points inside have the same name, have common points but have larger differences, the names are unchanged and the front side is decorated with modifiers, and the number is adopted. The same number, followed by A, B, C, D to show the connection and difference.

As shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, the air port in the quick change interface is automatically realized by the material shrinkage of the upper elastic body 3001 and the lower elastic body 3101. closed. The first air port in the quick change interface has the same structure as the second air port, and the upper air port housing is formed by the cylindrical cavity wall 3010A and the top ring plate 3014, and the annular elastic body 3001 capable of contracting and closing the air port is provided therein. The elastomer is made of a soft elastic material such as rubber. The third and fourth ports in the quick change interface have the same structure, and each of the cylindrical cavity wall 31 10A and the top ring plate 31 14A constitutes a lower port housing having an annular elastic body capable of contracting and closing the port. 3101, The elastomer is made of a soft elastic material such as rubber.

There are also movable core tubes 3102, springs 3123A, bottom ring plates 31 12A, and push rods 3103 inside the two air ports. The core tube 3102 moves within the lower port housing to expand the closed lower elastomer 3101 and the over-hole in the upper elastomer 3001. When the quick change interface is combined, the push rod 3103 pushes the core tube 3102 forward, and the compression spring 3123A passes through the lower elastic body 3101 and continues to advance until it passes through the upper elastic body 3001 to establish a gas passage. When the quick change interface is disconnected, the push rod 3103 is retracted by the core tube driving mechanism 3104, and the spring 3123A in the compressed state is allowed to push the core tube 3102 backward to close the upper and lower air ports. The bottom ring plate 31 12A is connected to the bottom of the chamber wall 31 10A to keep the parts housed inside the lower port housing from coming out. The push rod 3103 passes through the bottom ring plate and has a vent hole in the middle. When the quick change interface is connected, the upper air port is first pressed on the lower air port, and the connection state is maintained by the anti-disengagement mechanism; then the air port is opened by the core tube moving mechanism 3104, and the action of the driving mechanism can be pressed through the linkage mechanism and the upper air port. The action linkage is realized; when the quick change interface is separated, the operation is performed in the reverse order described above. If the internal structure of the upper and lower air ports in the quick change interface are interchanged, the required functions can also be realized.

Another type of valve opening and closing by means of a valve and a spring is shown in Fig. 21, Fig. 22, Fig. 23, Fig. 24, Fig. 25, and Fig. 26. Since the functions of the figures are basically the same and the working principle is the same, for the sake of brevity and clarity, the description will be made by taking FIG. 21 as an example. The commonality of the quick-change interfaces shown in other figures is not described separately, and only the special case is described separately. .

In Figure 21, each of the upper air ports includes an upper chamber wall 3010B, an upper top ring plate 3014B, an upper bottom ring plate 3012B, an upper valve 3021B, and an upper spring 3023B, except for the second coaxial arrangement of the gas path structure as shown in FIG. In addition to the port 302, a flange 3005 is further included; each of the lower ports includes a lower chamber wall 31 10B, a lower top ring plate 31 14B, a lower bottom ring plate 31 12B, a lower valve 3121B, and a lower spring 3123B.

For this type of interface, the shape of the contact sealing surface of the top ring plate and the valve has a great influence on the sealing property and the difficulty of achieving the sealing. Several typical sealing surface structures are shown in Figs. 27, 28, and 29, wherein the lower side of the top ring plate 3014B shown in Fig. 29 is formed into a tapered surface, which is easy to position the valve, and the force is also favorable for sealing. It is also easy to manufacture and is a preferred structure of the present invention. The lower air port structure is basically the same as the upper air port, and the upper air port can be described as an example: the cavity wall 3010B is cylindrical, the lower surface of the top ring plate 3014B is substantially conical, and the cavity wall 3010B and the top ring plate 3014B together form a funnel shape. The upper air port housing; the outer diameter of the central portion of the valve 3021B is larger than the central hole of the top ring plate 3014B and the diameter of the central hole of the bottom ring plate 3012B, and is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity wall 3010B, and the lower end of the valve 3021B is placed on the bottom ring plate 3012B The center hole is placed at the center hole of the top ring plate 3014B. Here, the valve is said to move in a direction that is upward, or forward, regardless of the difference between the upper and lower ports. The valve 3021 B and the spring 3023B are mounted in the upper port housing; the spring 3023B-end abuts against the bottom ring plate 3012B and the other end abuts against the abutment 3021B and is always in a compressed state B. The bottom ring plate 3012B is connected to the bottom of the chamber wall 3010B to keep the spring 3023B and the valve 3021B installed inside the port housing from coming out, and the bottom ring plate 3012B has a vent hole. When the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface and the lower portion 31 are separated, the upper and lower springs respectively press the upper and lower valves against the lower surface of the upper and lower top ring plates. The upper portion of the upper valve 3021B taps the center hole of the upper top ring plate 3014B. The upper port housing may have a flange 3005 extending forwardly in the axial direction at the front end of the upper top ring plate 3014B. The inside of the flange 3005 is chamfered to guide the insertion of the lower port housing to complete the fitting connection. This flange can of course also be realized by a structure such as a guide claw. The top of the lower valve 3121B is flush with or slightly out of the outer side of the lower top ring plate 31 14B, and the top of the upper valve 3021B is longer than the upper top ring plate 3014B, but the upper air casing is generally not found. The body flange 3005 is provided to protect the upper valve 3021B.

As shown in Fig. 19 and Fig. 21, in order to facilitate the docking, the outer casings of the upper and lower air ports are designed to be in the form of convex and concave matching. When used, the concave end is on the upper side, as the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface, to facilitate the protection of the upper valve 3021 protruding in the interface. The top structure of B, and the oxygen source end, that is, the lower end 31-end of the quick change interface, without the structure of the flange 3005, it is difficult to retain the foreign matter falling thereon.

Several basic structures of the valve in the lower port are now discussed. As shown in Fig. 30, if the front end surface of the lower valve 3121B is lower than the upper surface of the top ring plate 31 14B, it is easy to accumulate dust and impurities that fall. The situation shown in Figure 31 has been improved, but there is still a gap between the top of the valve and the edge of the top ring to accommodate the falling impurities. The front end of the lower valve 3121B is designed to be completely filled with a port to prevent dust and impurities from falling. Further, in order to reduce the damage to the convex portion of the lower valve 3121B, it is preferable to design the top thereof to be flush or substantially flush with the lower port housing, as shown in Fig. 32.

If the front end surface of the lower valve 3121B is designed as the plane shown in FIG. 21 or FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, it may be the valve 3021 B on the upper side thereof. Different hearts. A dimple is provided in the central portion of the upper surface of the valve 3121B to coincide with the top end of the upper valve 3021 B, which is advantageous for the concentric positioning of the two valves. This function can also be realized by designing the top end of the 闽3121B as a boss and the like, and correspondingly changing the top end design of the valve 3021B, and need not be detailed.

Specific variations in the case where the gas path is coaxially arranged will be described later.

It should be pointed out that the movement of the crucible in the gas port is not limited to the guidance given by the bottom ring plate given in each figure, and it is also possible to realize the sliding cooperation between the valve front end and the top ring plate by the sliding cooperation between the middle of the valve and the cavity wall. Realize, or the front and rear ends of the valve are guided by the hole; even the spring can be roughly positioned by the spring, and the front end is positioned by the tapered surface and the top end of the valve opposite the interface. If the front end, middle part and the outer periphery of the valve are slidably engaged, an additional air guiding groove or hole is required. Example 8 (using the same structure of the port)

Based on the seventh embodiment, a quick change interface including a valve is adopted, wherein two gas passages are arranged in parallel, and the four gas ports adopt the same structure, the shape is similar or the same. As shown in Figure 34. Further, the two air ports in the upper portion 30 of the quick change interface not only adopt the same structure, but also adopt the same size; the two air ports in the lower portion 31 of the quick change interface not only adopt the same structure, but also adopt the same size; Or in addition, the quick change interface upper portion 30 and the quick change interface lower portion 31 also use the same seal, the same bottom ring plate, etc., or in addition, the same other parts are used for each port, which can reduce the number of parts, which reduces manufacturing. Cost is important.

The situation shown in Fig. 34 has been integrated into the outer surface of the cavity walls of the two upper air ports, facilitating the switching by one insertion and removal. If, as in Fig. 39, the joint portion of one of the gas passages in the upper portion of the quick change interface with the gas passage of the external port assembly 10 can be contained in the other passage, thereby providing a wider range of overall design of the system. select.

As shown in Fig. 40, the outer surfaces of the two lower air walls can be further integrated to facilitate separate testing of the interface. Embodiment 9 (meaning of the order of the ports)

Based on the seventh embodiment, an interface containing a valve is employed. Take the parallel arrangement of the gas path as an example. When the interface is not turned on, it is in the state shown in Figure 34. When the quick change interface upper portion 30 is combined with the quick change interface lower portion 31, the third air port 31 1 and the fourth air port 312 are first opened, as shown in FIG. 35; the first air port 301 and the second air port 302 are then released, and the docking is completed. After that, the state shown in Fig. 36 is shown. When the quick change interface upper portion 30 is separated from the quick change interface lower portion 31, the first air port 301 and the second air port 302 are first turned off, as shown in FIG. 35, and the third air port 31 1 and the fourth air port 312 are then turned off, returning. The state shown in Fig. 34.

Since the upper air port is closed before the quick change interface, the upper air port is turned off before the lower air port, because when the quick change interface is combined, the upper air port is opened later than the lower air port, and the lower portion of the quick change interface 31 emits a higher pressure oxygen-rich gas, which can be discharged. The harmful gas around the open interface, as shown in Fig. 35, prevents the harmful gas from entering the breathing passage of the mouthpiece assembly during the process of changing the oxygen source portion 2, further improving the safety of the oxygen source replacement. Embodiment 10 (Structure for realizing orderly opening of the port)

Based on the eighth embodiment, a structure for limiting the position of the 闽3121B accommodated therein is provided on the lower bottom ring plate 31 12B, for example, as shown in FIG. 37, or the lower portion of the valve 3121B is provided with a structure for limiting itself, such as a step. For example, as shown in FIG. 38; the stiffness of the spring 3123B in the lower air port is smaller than the stiffness of the spring 3023B in the corresponding upper air port, or the two springs have the same stiffness, or even the same, but the pre-compression amount of the upper spring 3023B is larger than the lower spring 3123B. The pre-compression amount, then the upper part of the quick change interface and the lower part of the quick change interface are docked. Before the lower limit 3121B encounters the limit, the corresponding upper spring 3023B is not compressed, and the upper valve 3021B is not opened, which realizes two lower The gas port is preceded by the function of the two upper ports.

A similar method can also be applied to the case of the coaxially arranged gas path shown in Figs. There is a step in the lower part of the lower center reading 3121C to limit its own stroke. In Fig. 22, the lower center 闽3121 C is moved down to the limit state, forcing the upper center valve 3021C to retreat, so that the port 304 is opened before the port 302. In order to compare the content, the air ports of a pair of outer layers in the figure are not designed to realize the opening and closing sequence by the limit of the lower annular width 31 1 1C, and the upper annular wide spring 3013C and the lower annular valve spring 31 13C can still be adjusted. The stiffness and initial compression amount achieve the opening and closing sequence. In Fig. 23, the inner and outer air ports are all designed to realize the opening and closing sequence of the gas path by the limit position. Another improvement to the coaxial arrangement of the gas path is shown in Figure 24. Similar to the above structure, in order to reduce and simplify the sealing member, the upper inner top ring plate 3024C of FIG. 23 is integrated with the upper annular valve 301 1C, which is still referred to as an upper annular valve 301 124D, or referred to as an upper combined body 301. 124D; at the same time, the height of the upper inner cavity wall 3020 is lowered to leave a moving space for the upper annular valve 301 124D. When the quick change interface is separated, the gap between the upper combined body 301 124D and the upper inner cavity wall 3020 serves as the temporary air passage 3029. If the outer surface of the upper ring valve 301 124D is covered with an elastic material, a plurality of sealing elements are replaced. According to the need, the lower part of the quick change interface can also be improved, and the lower inner top ring plate 3124C and the lower annular valve 3 1 1 1C in FIG. 23 are integrated into one body, which is still referred to as a lower ring valve 31 1 124D, or It is called lower combined body 31 1124D, as shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. In the case of generating a "combined body", the sum of the amount of protrusion of the lower annular or combined body and the amount of protrusion of the upper combined body is required, which is slightly less than or equal to the maximum displacement of the lower annular valve or the combined body and the maximum displacement of the upper combined body. The sum of them is such that the corresponding air path in the temporary air passage 3029 or the lower air port can be closed. Theoretically, the sum of the valve protrusions should be equal to the sum of the maximum displacements of the valves, but it is generally required to cover the contact surface of the combined body with an elastic material such as rubber to allow a certain gap to be closed by the elastic material.

If it is further required that the third air port is opened before the fourth air port, the sum of the convex amounts of the pair of upper and lower valves containing the air port is further greater than the sum of the convex amounts of the other pair of upper and lower valves, that is, the size is guaranteed. The three air ports are first subjected to the pressure on the upper part of the quick change interface, which is easy to understand and is not shown.

In addition, the port opening and closing sequence can also be realized by other methods. For example, the opening and closing sequence can be realized only by the difference in the stiffness of the upper and lower springs or the ultimate compression height of the springs below, not enumerated. Embodiment 11 (Sealing surface, seal, holding joint state, mis-proof joint, combination of cavity wall and bottom ring plate) Based on Embodiment 7, reference is made to Fig. 39. The movable joint in the quick change interface is in contact with the fixed port housing to form a pair of sealing faces. In order to facilitate the processing and to improve the sealing performance, the sealing surface of the upper end ring 3014B at the gas port is designed as a tapered surface, and the sealing surface belonging to the valve 2021B can be designed as a tapered surface or a circular surface. Shaped revolving surface. The sealing surface on either side can also be attached with a sealing material, or a sealing member 2602 can be used between the port housing and the crucible to further improve the sealing performance. The sealing member can be relatively fixed to the port housing or relatively fixed to the valve. Can achieve the purpose of sealing.

In Fig. 39, the tapered surface of the front side of the upper valve 3021 B is not provided with a sealing material or a seal member; the tapered surface of the upper portion of the lower portion of the lower valve 3121 B is provided with a sealing material or a seal member 2602 is added. It is also possible to add or subtract a portion of the seal as needed. For example, a sealing material or seal member 3601 is added between the upper top ring plate 3014B and the lower top ring plate 3114B, and a sealing material or seal member 3603 is added to the joint portion of the quick change interface lower portion 31 and the oxygen source assembly 20. In Figures 39, 23, 24, etc., the sealing material or seal is shown in black painted form, expressing several ways of applying a sealing material or seal. The different sealing methods are shown on the two gas paths and the upper and lower air ports in Figure 39. This is only for the convenience of the rich and feasible changes. In fact, the same sealing method is generally used.

The upper part of the quick change interface 30 needs to remain connected after being combined with the lower part 31 of the quick change interface. The holding mechanism can be held in a snapping manner, or a latching manner, or a steel ball locking, or a bayonet locking, or a screw locking. For example, the first holding mechanism 3500 and the second holding mechanism 3501 attached to the lower portion of the quick change interface in Fig. 39 are used to catch the outer casing portion of the upper portion of the quick change interface. The holding mechanism 3500 in Fig. 24 uses a steel ball locking method. For two channels of the same diameter, the symmetrically arranged quick-change interface structure should also have a structure to prevent erroneous connection, so as to avoid the wrong connection between the air supply channel and the return air channel. For example, in Fig. 39, the first holding mechanism 3500 and the second holding mechanism 3501, which are in an interchangeable position, are used to prevent misconnection.

The cavity wall and the bottom ring plate of the gas port may be made of plastic material, and the cavity wall and the bottom ring plate are combined by a method of being pressed, stuck or bonded, or pressed and pressed, and bonded, which is convenient for mass production. In Fig. 38, the upper bottom ring plate 3012B is elastically deformed into the upper chamber wall 3010B, and then clamped and fixed, and in the figure, the lower bottom ring plate 3 U2B is held by the circlip. Other methods such as threading can also be used.

The quick change interface 3 has many implementations, and is not limited to the above structure. For example, there are many mounting methods for the spring, and the shape of the valve may be various. Figure 6 and Figure 7 also show roughly two implementations of the quick change interface 3. Example 12 (Comprehensive summary of the system)

A generalized system that more fully embodying the inventive concept is shown in Figure 41, in which the oxygen source 201 is in a multiple-selective relationship, and there may be other richer sources of oxygen; the exhaled gas treatment device, including the clean tank 202 or breathing Exhaust valve 203, or directly to the third port, The fourth port connection is a three-to-one relationship. The respiratory protection system of various properties involved in the present invention can be obtained by selecting the structural elements therein. For example, the simplest system shown in FIG. 42 is used, but since there is no air cushion buffer, it is limited to dust and filter and uses very low pressure. It is only suitable to switch between the use of environmental gas or ventilation duct systems. Figure 43 shows the most comprehensive system of technical measures, including the most structures. In order to make the mouthpiece portion well-used under a rich oxygen source condition, the mouthpiece portion 10 shown in Fig. 43 should be uniformly employed. In a special case, when the oxygen source 201 is a low-pressure portable oxygen source, if the air bag 104 is provided, the clean tank 202 and the breathing exhaust valve 203 can be exempted, and the third port and the fourth port are directly connected, such as As shown in Fig. 11, or when there is no airbag 104, and an oxygen storage bladder 204 is provided in the oxygen source portion, it can be connected to the case shown in Fig. 12. The advantage of these two systems is their light weight.

In the method for using the respiratory protection system provided by the invention, the respiratory protection system worn by the worker can be lighter, and various types of oxygen source portions 2 having a lower portion of the quick change interface are arranged in the mine; when the harmful gas is present, immediately wear the portable body Carrying the respiratory protection system to save itself, quickly flee to relatively safe places such as mine exits, rescue cabins or refuge chambers, or to places where there is a switchable oxygen source, such as the location of the pressure self-rescue system; The spare portable oxygen source, until it escapes from the harmful gas environment, successfully escapes from danger.

The protection system constructed by the respiratory protection system provided by the invention can realize the original self-rescuer, respirator, oxygen cylinder, inflatable vest, self-rescue by using the same type of quick-change interface, using various types of oxygen sources. Fast and secure switching between resources such as devices.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., which are made within the spirit and scope of the present invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

From the above description of the invention and the embodiments, the basic method of using the respiratory protection system provided by the present invention can be summarized. The respiratory protection system disclosed in the present invention is mainly used for respiratory protection of underground workers in emergency situations, and generally has one or more respiratory protection systems, and organically constitutes a respiratory protection system, which at least includes a portable respiratory protection system, The application process of the method mainly includes the following steps:

1. According to the interchangeable principle between the systems, various respiratory protection systems are made, which are made into the mouth part 1 and the oxygen source part 2, and the two parts are combined by the interchangeable quick change interface 3.

2. Place the respiratory protection system in step 1: Place a portable respiratory protection system or a portable oxygen source part 2 that meets the docking criteria at intervals along the evacuation route. The separation distance can be obtained by the personnel before the portable oxygen source is exhausted. The next oxygen source supplement will prevail.

3. Provide the worker with the lightest respiratory protection system prepared in step 1.

4. If there is a respiratory protection system with a fixed oxygen source, place it in the refuge chamber, or in a rescue capsule that meets the mine's requirements.

5. When harmful gases are present, workers immediately wear a portable self-rescue system that they carry with them and quickly flee to the mine and export.

6. All personnel should always wear the original part 1 of the wearing, after which the mouth part 1 is not replaced, and only the oxygen source part 2 is replaced, until the escape is successful, and the spare portable oxygen source 2 placed beforehand is replaced along the way, fleeing Harmful gas environment.

7. If the mine exit is blocked, flee to a relatively safe place such as a rescue capsule or refuge chamber, or to the location of the pressure self-rescue system, where there is a long-term oxygen source that can be exchanged.

8. If you are unable to escape from the harmful gas environment due to lack of physical strength or obstruction, go to the nearest fixed oxygen source, disconnect and retain the portable oxygen source part 2, and wear the mouth part 1 and the fixed oxygen. The source part 2 is docked and waiting for rescue.

9. If the suffocating person is rescued, separate the depleted oxygen source part 2 worn by the victim, keep the original wearing part 1 without taking it, and replace the new oxygen source part 2 in time until it is Conditions for further processing.

10. After the barrier to the escape route is removed, if a fixed source of oxygen is being used, switch to a portable oxygen source and flee to the mine exit.

Claims

Claim

1. A respiratory protection system, comprising: a mouthpiece portion, an oxygen source portion;

The mouth part comprises a mouth component, the upper part of the quick change interface; the oxygen source part comprises an oxygen source component and a lower part of the quick change interface; the upper part of the quick change interface comprises a first air port and a second air port, collectively referred to as an upper air port; the first air port interface component The inhalation channel, the exhalation channel of the second port interface assembly: the lower part of the quick change interface includes a third port and a fourth port, collectively referred to as a lower port; and within the oxygen source portion, the third port is connected to the oxygen source The air supply passage of the component, the fourth air port is connected to the return air passage of the oxygen source component; the upper part of the quick change interface is adapted to the lower part of the quick change interface to form a quick change interface; when the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part of the quick change interface, The first port, the second port, the third port, and the fourth port are all closed: when the upper portion of the quick change interface is combined with the lower portion, the first port is connected to the third port, the second port is connected to the fourth port, and the first The gas port, the second gas port, the third gas port and the fourth gas port are all connected to realize the combination of the mouthpiece component and the oxygen source component;

The mouthpiece assembly comprises a mouthpiece, an inhalation one-way sputum, and an exhalation check valve; the inlet of the suction check valve is in communication with the first air port; the outlet of the suction check valve is connected to the mouthpiece or integrated with the mouthpiece; When the user inhales through the mouthpiece, the inhalation is wide open, and the human mouth is connected with the inhalation passage; the exhalation check valve is disposed in the exhalation passage of the mouthpiece assembly, and the inlet of the exhalation check valve is The mouthpiece is connected or integrated with the mouthpiece, and the outlet is connected with the second mouth; when the person exhales through the mouth, the breath is opened one-way wide, and the mouth of the person is connected with the exhalation channel;

The oxygen source assembly includes an oxygen source and an exhalation gas treatment device; the gas supply passage of the oxygen source assembly is connected to the oxygen source; the oxygen source is a device for providing oxygen suitable for breathing or oxygen-enriched fresh air; and the inlet and the fourth port of the exhalation gas treatment device a communication return passage; if the oxygen source is a device for providing oxygen suitable for breathing, the exhaled gas treatment device is a clean tank, and an exhaust port of the clean tank is connected to a gas supply passage communicating with the third gas port; The oxygen source is a device for providing fresh air. The exhaled gas treatment device is a one-way breathing and exhaust valve, and the exhaled gas is discharged to the atmosphere by the pressure of the user exhaling; or, when the oxygen source is portable, In the low-pressure oxygen storage device, the oxygen source portion can cancel the exhalation gas treatment device, and directly connect the third gas port and the fourth gas port, and communicate with the gas supply channel.

2. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece assembly further comprises an airbag; the airbag is connected in series to the inhalation channel or the expiratory channel, or the inhalation channel and the expiratory channel are connected in series Into the air bag; on the inhalation channel, or on the expiratory channel, or on the air bag, an exhaust valve may be further provided for discharging the gas in the mouth part to the environment; and also in the inhalation channel Different exhaust valves are provided on the upper and exhalation channels.

3. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece portion further comprises a temporary air passage connecting the first air port and the second air port; when the upper portion of the quick change interface is separated from the lower portion of the quick change interface, Linyi The gas path connects the first port to the second port; when the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface are connected, the temporary air path is disconnected: the Linyi gas path may be a manually opened valve or linked with a quick change interface. The door, etc., simply, may also be a one-way communication width between the air supply passage and the return air passage allowing gas to flow from the return air passage to the air supply passage, the communication valve making the exhalation passage in the human respiratory activity Open when a large pressure difference is formed between the suction passage and the suction passage.

4. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the source of oxygen is a chemical oxygen generator, or a portable compressed oxygen cylinder, or a large compressed oxygen cylinder, or any other device that provides oxygen suitable for breathing; When the oxygen source contains a high pressure compressed gas cylinder, the oxygen source further includes a gas pressure reducing valve, a pressure gauge, a manual opening valve, and the like, which are usually required; when the oxygen source is a portable gas source, the oxygen source portion may further include a suspension. Necessary accessories such as pieces and protective casings.

5. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen source is a portable compressed air bottle, or a large compressed air bottle, or a compressed air system, or an air filtration detoxification device, or any other kind A device that provides fresh air suitable for breathing; when the oxygen source is a high-pressure compressed gas cylinder, the oxygen source also includes a gas pressure reducing valve, a pressure gauge, a manual opening door, and the like, which are usually required; when the oxygen source is a portable gas source The oxygen source portion may further include a necessary accessory such as a suspension member, a protective shell, and the like.

6. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein one of the following measures is further taken when the oxygen source contains a high pressure compressed gas container: Measure one: in the oxygen source assembly, or in the supplement The oxygen supply circuit is connected with an overpressure relief 闽; Measure 2: The gas decompression in the oxygen source assembly is an overpressure cut-off type pressure reducing valve, and the pressure of the cut-off venting is less than In The quick change interface is connected to the moment, which affects the impact pressure of the user's normal breathing. Measure 3: In the oxygen source assembly, a gas pressure reducing valve with a lower venting cutoff pressure is used, and the volume of the low pressure gas portion contained in the oxygen source assembly is much smaller than that. The volume of the airbag.

7. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein when the upper portion of the quick change interface is combined with the lower portion of the quick change interface, the two lower air ports are opened first, and the two upper air ports are then opened; when the upper portion of the quick change interface is The lower part is separated, the two upper ports are closed first, and the two lower ports are then closed: or the third port is opened before the other ports.

8. The quick change interface according to claim 1, wherein the two gas passages are arranged in parallel, the outer surfaces of the chamber walls of the two upper air ports are integrated, or the outer surfaces of the chamber walls of the two lower air ports are fused. Integral, or the outer surfaces of the chamber walls of the two upper ports are integrated, and the outer surfaces of the chamber walls of the two lower ports are also integrated.

9. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the two gas paths are arranged in parallel, the two upper air ports have the same structure, and the two lower air ports have the same structure; the upper air port comprises an upper cavity wall, an upper top ring plate, The upper cavity wall is connected to the upper top ring plate; the upper elastic body is annular, and is embedded in one end of the top ring plate of the upper cavity wall, the outer edge diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the embedded groove, and the central hole is closed after being embedded; The air port comprises a lower cavity wall, a lower top ring plate, a lower bottom ring plate, a lower elastic body, a core tube, a spring, a push rod and a driving mechanism; the lower cavity wall is connected with the lower top ring plate; the lower elastic body is annular and embedded in the lower cavity One end of the top ring plate of the wall has a diameter larger than the diameter of the groove embedded therein, and the center hole is closed after being embedded; the core tube is stepped, and the thin end passes through the middle of the upper elastic body and the lower elastic body when the quick change interface is combined The spring sleeve is placed at the outer edge of the thin end of the core tube, and the spring is in a compressed state for pushing the core tube out of the upper and lower elastic bodies; the lower bottom ring plate is connected to the bottom of the lower chamber wall to keep the hole Into the gas Inner core tube and the spring housing and other parts not to come out: When quick binding interfaces, touch the drive mechanism, drive mechanism and the ram pushing the core tube extends vertically through the elastomer to achieve Unicom gas passage.

10. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the M gas paths are arranged in parallel, and the four gas ports each include a cavity wall, a top ring plate, a bottom ring plate, a valve, a spring; the cavity wall and the top ring plate The bottom ring plate together constitutes the housing of the air port; the middle portion of the valve has an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the central hole of the top ring plate and the diameter of the central hole of the bottom ring plate, smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity wall, a gap between the cavity walls, or a seal An air vent or an air vent is distributed outside the coverage area of the contact surface; the upper end of the valve is placed in the center hole of the top ring plate and has a gap with the hole, or a gap is opened when the width is retracted; the valve and the spring are mounted at the air port Inside the housing; the spring is always in a compressed state, after the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part, the spring presses the valve against the top ring plate; the bottom ring plate is connected to the bottom of the cavity wall, and has a hole through the air flow; the top ring The lower surface of the plate is not limited to a flat surface, and may be formed into a conical shape, or other shape that facilitates forming a sealing surface together with the crucible; and a structure in which a valve position accommodated therein is disposed in the lower air port;

It can also be equipped with a 闽 spring to realize the opening and closing of each port when the quick change interface is combined and separated: During the process of docking the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface, the resistance of the squat spring is completely lower when the lower air port is fully opened, which is smaller than the corresponding upper air port. The resistance of the upper valve spring is opened so that the spring in the corresponding upper air port is not compressed until the lower valve encounters the limit.

11. The quick change interface according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing of each gas port is realized by a valve moving forward and backward, and the upper portion of the lower valve has a small cylinder slidingly matched with the inner cylindrical surface of the top ring plate. The section of the cylinder is filled with the space enclosed by the inner edge of the top ring plate.

12. The quick change interface according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing of each port is realized by a valve moving forward and backward. For the coaxial arrangement of the air path, the upper air port housing is on the upper outer ring plate. The outer side has a flange or other guiding structure extending substantially in the axial direction, guiding the outer air port housing receiving the lower air port, and in the case where the air path is arranged in parallel, the guiding structure is placed on the upper top ring plate; in the closed state of the air port The top of the valve included in the lower port is flush with the front end of the top ring plate or slightly protrudes from the top ring plate. The top of the valve included in the upper port is longer than the top ring plate, but not a guiding structure of the upper port housing; a top end surface of the lower valve near the central portion or the central portion at the contact with the upper end surface, and a structure such as a pit or a boss that matches the top end of the upper valve, The top of the valve has a concentric positioning function.

13. The quick change interface according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing of each port is realized by a valve moving forward and backward. For the coaxial arrangement of the air path, the upper air port housing is on the upper outer ring plate. The outer side has a flange or other guiding structure that is substantially axially forwardly forward, guiding the outer air port housing that receives the lower air port. For the case where the air path is arranged in parallel, the guiding structure is placed on the upper top ring plate; The top of the valve included in the lower port is flush with the front end of the top ring plate or slightly protrudes from the top ring plate. The top of the valve included in the upper port is longer than the top ring plate, but not a guiding structure of the upper port housing; a peripheral portion of the top end surface of the lower valve is flush with an upper surface of the top ring plate of the lower air port, and a portion near the central portion of the upper surface, that is, a portion contacting the top end of the upper valve, There is a structure such as a pit or a boss that matches the top end of the upper valve, and has a concentric positioning effect on the top end of the upper jaw.

14. The quick change interface according to claim 1, wherein the contact sealing surface of the valve in each port and the top ring plate in contact therewith is a matching conical surface, or only the contact sealing of the top ring plate The surface is a conical surface, and the contact sealing surface is a circular surface or other shaped surface; or, in addition, a sealing material is attached to the sealing surface or a sealing member is used between the crucible and the top ring plate; The piece is disposed on the upper side of the middle portion of the valve or on the lower side of the top ring plate; when the quick change interface is combined, the two pairs of top ring plates that are in contact with each other are provided with a sealing member, or the outer surface of the lower air port housing is fast A seal is disposed between the inner sides of the flanges on the upper portion of the interface.

The interface according to claim 1, wherein the cavity wall and the bottom ring plate of each port are made of plastic material, and the cavity wall and the bottom ring plate are pressed, stuck, or pressed together. The method of back jamming and bonding is combined.

16. The respiratory protection system according to claim 1, wherein the quick change interface is separate from the other parts and can be independently manufactured and independently tested; by assembling, the upper part of the quick change interface is combined with the mouthpiece component, and the quick change is performed. The lower part of the interface is combined with the oxygen source assembly.

The quick change interface according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, if the quick change interface itself does not have a combined holding mechanism for maintaining the docking state, between the mouth portion and the oxygen source portion The connection state is maintained by the combination holding mechanism: or even if the quick change interface itself has a combination holding mechanism, the combination holding mechanism is further used to strengthen the connection state.

18. A quick change interface for realizing the functions required by the respiratory protection system, characterized in that two gas paths are coaxially arranged; the upper part of the quick change interface comprises an upper outer cavity wall, an upper inner cavity wall, and an upper Outer top ring plate, upper outer bottom ring plate, upper inner top ring plate, upper inner bottom ring plate, upper central valve, upper annular ring, upper central valve spring, upper annular valve spring: upper outer wall has outer diameter smaller than upper The inner diameter of the outer cavity wall is coaxially placed inside the upper outer cavity wall; the upper outer top ring plate is fixed at the top end of the upper outer cavity wall, and the inner edge forms a ring shape with the outer edge of the upper inner cavity wall The air port can be closed by the upper ring valve; the upper outer bottom ring plate is fixed at the bottom end of the upper outer cavity wall, the inner edge is coupled with the upper inner cavity wall; the upper outer bottom ring plate is provided with a vent hole; the upper outer cavity The wall, the upper inner cavity wall, the upper outer top ring plate, and the upper outer bottom ring plate together form a cavity for accommodating the upper annular valve and the upper annular valve spring: the upper part of the upper annular valve, the outer diameter is larger than the inner diameter of the upper outer top ring plate Less than the inner diameter of the upper outer cavity wall and having a gap, or sliding fit with the upper outer cavity wall but having a sealing surface a venting structure outside the coverage; the upper portion of the upper annular valve has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the upper outer ring plate and has a gap, or a venting structure without a gap but allowing airflow; the upper annular rim is sleeved on the upper inner wall The outer ring; one end of the upper annular valve spring abuts against the upper annular valve and is in a compressed state, and when the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part, the upper annular valve is pressed against the upper outer top ring plate, and the upper part of the upper annular valve is An annular opening formed between the inner edge of the upper outer ring plate and the outer edge of the upper inner cavity wall is detected; the upper inner top ring plate and the upper inner bottom ring plate are fixed to the upper inner cavity wall: the upper inner top ring plate and the upper inner ring plate The bottom ring plate and the upper inner cavity wall together form a cavity for receiving the upper central valve and the upper central valve spring; the upper inner bottom ring plate is provided with a vent hole: the middle of the upper central valve, the outer diameter is larger than the center of the upper inner top ring plate The diameter of the hole is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper inner cavity wall and has a gap, or is slidably fitted with the upper inner cavity wall but has a ventilation structure outside the coverage of the sealing surface; the upper end of the upper central valve is placed at the center of the upper inner top ring plate Inside the hole; one end of the upper central valve spring abuts against the upper central valve In the compressed state, when the upper part of the quick change interface is separated from the lower part, the middle of the upper central valve is pressed against the upper inner top ring plate, and the upper part of the upper central cymbal is protruded from the central hole of the upper inner ring plate; The lower part is identical to the above corresponding structure of the upper portion of the quick change interface, and only the auxiliary structure is different; the lower surface of each top ring plate is not limited to a plane, and may be formed into a cylindrical or conical shape, or other convenient to form a sealing surface with the middle portion of the valve. Shape; when the upper part of the quick change interface is combined with the lower part, the upper end surface of the upper ring valve is in contact with the upper end surface of the lower ring valve, and the upper end surface and the lower center of the upper center read The upper end surface of the valve is in contact; the length of the top of the outer top ring plate is adjusted by the four valves, so that the upper and lower portions of the quick change interface can be fully opened.

19. The quick change interface according to claim 18, wherein a structure for limiting the lower central valve is provided in the lower air port; the upper inner top ring plate and the lower inner top ring plate are not in contact with each other during the approaching process. Or contact through the elastic sealing material, and does not affect the degree of opening of each port; and then adopt one of the following structures to realize the opening and closing of each port when the quick-change interface is combined and separated: If the third port is further required before the third port When the four ports are opened, it is further required that the sum of the protruding amounts of the pair of upper and lower valves containing the port is greater than the sum of the protrusions of the other pair of upper and lower valves;

Structure 1: The structure of the lower annular valve is arranged in the lower air port: the sum of the convex amount of the lower central valve and the convex amount of the upper central valve is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower central width, and smaller than the maximum displacement of the lower central valve The sum of the large displacements of the central valve; the sum of the convex amount of the lower annular valve and the convex amount of the upper annular valve is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower annular ring, and smaller than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower annular valve and the maximum displacement of the upper annular valve; Spring: During the docking process between the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface, the resistance of the lower central valve spring is smaller than the resistance of the upper central wide spring when the lower inner air port is fully opened, and the resistance of the lower annular valve spring is smaller than when the lower outer air port is fully opened. The resistance of the upper ring valve spring when the external air port is just opened;

Structure 2: a structure for restricting the lower annular valve in the lower air port; the upper inner top ring plate is not fixed to the upper inner cavity wall, and is combined with the upper annular valve to form an upper combined body; shortening the height of the upper inner cavity wall· The sum of the convex amount of the lower central valve and the convex amount of the seven-center valve is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower central valve, and is smaller than the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower central valve and the maximum displacement of the upper central valve; The sum of the body protrusions is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower ring valve, and is slightly less than or equal to the sum of the maximum displacement of the lower ring valve and the maximum displacement of the upper combined body, so that the four ports can be fully opened: when the upper and lower parts of the quick change interface After complete bonding, the upper combined body is in sealing contact with the front end of the upper inner cavity wall; thus equipped with a valve spring: in the process of contacting the upper portion and the lower portion of the quick change interface, the lower central valve and the lower annular ring are all limited, or at least Any one of the upper air ports does not retract before the valve of the port of the third port is fully opened and the limit is encountered;

Structure 3: The upper inner top ring plate is not fixed to the upper inner cavity wall, and is combined with the upper annular valve to form an upper combined body; the height of the upper inner cavity wall is shortened; the lower inner top ring plate and the lower inner cavity wall are not fixed, And the lower ring valve is combined with the lower ring body; the height of the lower inner cavity wall is shortened; the sum of the convex amount of the lower central valve and the convex amount of the upper central valve is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower center ,, and is slightly smaller than or equal to the lower center The sum of the maximum displacement of the valve and the maximum displacement of the upper central valve; the sum of the convex amount of the lower combined body and the convex amount of the upper combined body is greater than the maximum displacement of the lower combined body, and smaller than the maximum displacement of the lower combined body and the maximum displacement of the upper combined body And, so that the four ports can be fully opened; when the upper portion and the lower portion of the quick change interface are completely combined, the upper combined body is in sealing contact with the front end of the upper inner cavity wall, and the lower combined body is in sealing contact with the front end of the lower inner cavity wall: The valve spring is equipped as follows: During the process of contacting the upper part and the lower part of the quick change interface, the lower center reading and the lower combined body encounter the limit position, or at least the valve serving as the port of the third air port is fully opened before the limit is encountered, gas Any one of spring do not back down.

The quick change interface according to any one of claims 18 to 19, wherein, when the upper part of the quick change interface is combined with the lower part of the quick change interface, the upper part of the quick change interface and the lower part of the quick change interface are connected by a steel ball. , or a bayonet lock connection, or a screw lock connection, or a snap, etc., to maintain the docking state.

21. A method of using a respiratory protection system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1. Equipped with one or more respiratory protection systems made according to the interchangeable principle between systems. The various systems and the parts of the mouth and the oxygen source inside the same system can be exchanged through the interchangeable quick change interface. Combination

2. Place the respiratory protection system provided in step 1 according to the following guidelines: Place a portable respiratory protection system or a portable oxygen source that meets the interchangeable docking standards at intervals along the evacuation route. The separation distance is in accordance with the portable oxygen worn by the wearer. The requirement to replenish the next oxygen source before the source is exhausted;

3. If there is a respiratory protection system with a fixed source of oxygen, install it in a refuge chamber, or a refuge chamber, or a relatively safe location that meets mine requirements, such as a gas station;

4. In case of harmful gas, immediately wear the mouth part and keep wearing the part of the mouthpiece that was originally worn. After that, do not replace the part of the mouthpiece and only replace the part of the oxygen source until it escapes from the harmful gas environment. The spare can carry oxygen sources to supplement the oxygen resources.

22. The method of using a respiratory protection system according to claim 21, further comprising the steps of: wearing a dust mask having an interface standard conforming to the respiratory protection system when the worker is working normally, when harmful gas is present, Immediately replace the portion of the oxygen source that is being used for filtration and dust removal with the portion of the oxygen source that is not filtered.