WO2014036093A1 - Litière agglomérante pour chat caractérisée par une résistance améliorée des agglomérats - Google Patents

Litière agglomérante pour chat caractérisée par une résistance améliorée des agglomérats Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014036093A1
WO2014036093A1 PCT/US2013/057005 US2013057005W WO2014036093A1 WO 2014036093 A1 WO2014036093 A1 WO 2014036093A1 US 2013057005 W US2013057005 W US 2013057005W WO 2014036093 A1 WO2014036093 A1 WO 2014036093A1
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Prior art keywords
litter
cmc
xanthan gum
clumping
clay
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PCT/US2013/057005
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English (en)
Inventor
Monika KURAS
Donata OSTAPYSHYN
G. Robert Goss
Robert Soral
J. T. Harrison
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Oil-Dri Corporation Of America
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Publication of WO2014036093A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014036093A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
    • B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
    • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
    • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
    • B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/327—Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/46—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic and organic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to clumping additives for cat litter products.
  • Clay particles provide small animals with dry, sanitary, dustless and relatively odorless litter. Through formational mismatching and distortion between the tetrahedral layers and impurities, diverse morphological and chemical properties are conferred to the clay.
  • the absorption of liquid, particularly water, is one such phenomenon.
  • the irregular series of layers with corresponding interstitial space comprise pores. It is those spaces and pores which give clay its capacity to absorb and store water or liquid waste.
  • Sodium bentonite, a swelling clay is a clay that naturally forms clumps around wetted litter to permit easy and selective removal. Clumps of wetted litter permit easy and selective removal of odor-producing liquid animal wastes for convenient disposal without having to replace the entire litter bed.
  • sodium bentonite brings with it many disadvantages, chief among them that sodium bentonite is not optimal for odor control, the product is heavy, found primarily in Wyoming and thus is geographically undesirable, and can clog pipes if introduced into a typical residential plumbing system.
  • clumping agents have been devised which, when added to a bed containing non-swelling particles, cause the particles to clump together into an agglomeration of sufficient size and strength to be removed by a sieving spoon.
  • Some prior art clumping agents include inorganic salts, such as anhydrous sodium sulfate, gypsum and the like, but these materials do not naturally degrade, can form insoluble hard water salts in household waste systems and thus are environmentally unacceptable.
  • clumping agents used in the prior art include water-soluble gums, dry particulate cellulosic ethers and water-absorbent polymers.
  • these additives require careful handling during manufacture, multiple processing steps and are costly.
  • the dry particulate cellulosic ethers or the water-absorbent polymers tend to segregate from the particulate clay during handling and shipping.
  • clumping agents as alternatives to guar gum has yielded two alternatives that have been shown to create or improve the clumping properties of scoopable cat litter. These are sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum, whose use is unexpected in cat litter formulations. Further, each has specific requirements to achieve an optimum clump strength ( ⁇ 2.0), for CMC a viscosity of > 2000 cPs and average particle size of ⁇ 188 microns and for xanthan gum a viscosity of >2000 cPs and an average particle size of ⁇ 54 microns.
  • CMC sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • xanthan gum whose use is unexpected in cat litter formulations.
  • each has specific requirements to achieve an optimum clump strength ( ⁇ 2.0), for CMC a viscosity of > 2000 cPs and average particle size of ⁇ 188 microns and for xanthan gum a viscosity of >2000 cPs and an average particle size of ⁇ 54 microns.
  • Both CMC and xanthan gum were shown to be effective and stable when used with a wide variety of substances customarily used for litter products, preferably bentonite- montmorillonite clay, attapulgite/palygorskite clay and opalaceous material (opaline silica or Antelope shale) clay (also known as Blue Mountain, Georgia and Taft clays, respectively) and also including sodium bentonite and paper granules. Both additives were also effective in increasing the clump strength of blended products, including a sodium bentonite and/or calcium bentonite blend.
  • the present invention relates to a clumping cat litter which may comprise sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or xanthan gum.
  • the litter may comprise about 1% w/w CMC and/or 1% xanthan gum.
  • the litter may comprise about 0.25% w/w CMC and/or 0.25% xanthan gum.
  • the CMC may be selected from the group consisting of CMC with a minimum viscosity of 2000 cPs and a particle size less than or equal to 188 microns.
  • the xanthan gum may be selected from the group consisting of Xanthan Gum with a minimum viscosity of 2000 cPs and a particle size less than or equal to 54 microns.
  • the present invention also relates to methods of creating or improving clumping in cat litter which may comprise adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or xanthan gum to the cat litter, wherein the clumping is created or improved as compared to a cat litter without sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and or xanthan gum.
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • xanthan gum sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • the present invention relates to a clumping cat litter which may comprise sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
  • CMC is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone and is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the CMC may have a viscosity greater than or equal to 2000 cPs.
  • the CMC may have an average particle size less than or equal to 188 microns.
  • the litter may comprise about 0.10%, about 0.15%, about 0.20%, about 0.25%, about 0.30%, about 0.35%, about 0.40%, about 0.45%, about 0.50%, about 0.55%, about 0.60%, about 0.65%, about 0.70%, about 0.75%, about 0.80%, about 0.85%, about 0.90%, about 0.95%, about 1.00%, about 1.05%, about 1.10%, about 1.15%, about 1.20%, about 1.25%, about 1.30%, about 1.35%, about 1.40%, about 1.45%, about 1.50%, about 1.55%, about 1.60%, about 1.65%, about 1.70%, about 1.75%, about 1.80%, about 1.85%, about 1.90%, about 1.95%, about 2.00%, about 2.10%, about 2.15%, about 2.20%, about 2.25%, about 2.30%, about 2.35%, about 2.40%, about 2.45%, about 2.50%, about 2.55%, about 2.60%, about 2.65%, about
  • the CMC of the present invention may have varying viscosities and/or particle sizes, such as but not limited to, viscosities of 2000 cPs, 4450 cPs or 5710 cPs and/or average particle sizes of 49 ⁇ , 55 ⁇ or 65 ⁇ .
  • the clumping cat litter of the present invention may also comprise xanthan gum.
  • the xanthan gum may have a viscosity greater or equal to 2000 cPs and an average particle size of less than or equal to 54 ⁇ .
  • the litter may comprise about 0.10%, about 0.15%, about 0.20%, about 0.25%, about 0.30%, about 0.35%, about 0.40%, about 0.45%, about 0.50%, about 0.55%, about 0.60%, about 0.65%, about 0.70%, about 0.75%, about 0.80%, about 0.85%, about 0.90%, about 0.95%, about 1.00%, about 1.05%, about 1.10%, about 1.15%, about 1.20%, about 1.25%, about 1.30%, about 1.35%, about 1.40%, about 1.45%, about 1.50%, about 1.55%, about 1.60%, about 1.65%, about 1.70%, about 1.75%, about 1.80%, about 1.85%, about 1.90%, about 1.95%, about 2.00%, about 2.10%, about 2.15%, about 2.20%, about 2.25%, about 2.30%, about 2.35%, about 2.40%, about 2.45%, about 2.50%, about 2.55%, about 2.60%, about 2.65%, about
  • the xanthan gum may have varying viscosities and/or particle sizes, such as but not limited to, viscosities of 2000 cPs or 2390 cPs and/or average particle sizes of 46 ⁇ or 54 ⁇ .
  • the present invention provides for the addition of CMC and/or xanthan gum to any cat litter, in particular discrete particles or granules.
  • the CMC and/or xanthan gum may be added to a clay based or non-clay based cat litter.
  • non-clay based cat litter includes, but are not limited to, wood fiber litter, cellulose litter, wheat litter, corn litter, paper litter and/or ash litter.
  • the litter is a clay litter.
  • smectites may be particularly well suited as the particulate non-swelling constituent for the present purposes.
  • the smectite family of clays includes the various mineral species montmorillonite (in particular a bentonite-montmorillonite clay), nontronite, hectorite and saponite, all of which can be present in the clay mineral in varying amounts. These clays may range in color from a cream or grey off- white to a dark reddish tan color. These clays may also contain calcium and/or magnesium in the form of exchangeable cations.
  • Other preferred clays may include an attapulgite/palygorskite clay or an opalaceous material/opaline silica clay.
  • the clay constituent of the present compositions may be in the form of discrete particles. These particles may be angular or rounded. Although particle sizes up to about 1 inch are suitable, a preferred size of clay particles may be in the range of about 4 by about 60 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series. For a tabulation of U.S. Sieve Series screen nomenclature, see Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, N.Y. (1984), p21-15 (table 21-6). An especially preferred size range for the clay particles in the present invention may be in the range of about 18 to about 60 mesh.
  • the clay particle size may be manipulated as a means of modulating the contours of the clump that is produced upon contact with an aqueous liquid. Relatively flatter, thinner clumps are more easily located by probing the animal litter with, for example, a sieving spoon than are spheroidal clumps of similar volume. On the other hand, thinner clumps are more subject to breakage.
  • the particle size distribution of the clay particles may therefore be tailored to a preference held by a particular group of consumers. For relatively thinner, flatter clumps, a particle size of about 20 mesh by 60 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series, is preferred.
  • the size range of the swelling clay preferably is in the range of about 16 to about 50 and for the non-swelling clay preferably is in the range of about 18 to about 60 mesh.
  • the litter of the present invention may comprise sodium bentonite and/or calcium bentonite (see, e.g., US Patent Nos. 5,836,263 and 5,836,263 and US Patent Publication 20120318205).
  • the present invention provides a litter comprising sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite in which only the calcium bentonite particles are coated in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a dedusting agent.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • CMC advantageously sodium CMC
  • CMC does not interfere with the dedusting functionality of the agent.
  • the present invention provides a litter product blend of sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite in which 90% of the sodium bentonite particles have a particle size of between 345 and 1695 ⁇ and 90% of the calcium bentonite particles have a particle size of between 626 and 1695 ⁇ .
  • the sodium bentonite particles have an average size of between 450 and 1000 ⁇ and the calcium bentonite particles have an average range between 650 and 2000 ⁇ .
  • the present invention provides a litter product comprising a mixture of sodium bentonite and one or more fillers that has emissions of ammonia when exposed to urine that are less than for sodium bentonite alone.
  • the present invention provides a litter product comprising sodium bentonite and one or more filler materials, in which the litter product has similar clumpability properties to sodium bentonite of the litter while being less dense than the sodium bentonite alone.
  • the present invention provides a clumpable litter product employing a cellulose-containing filler material to minimize the amount of sodium bentonite used while still providing clumpability similar to sodium bentonite of the litter.
  • the sodium bentonite used in a litter mixture may have a bulk density of 60 to 75 lbs/ft 3 .
  • the calcium bentonite used in a litter mixture may have a bulk density of 35 to 45 lbs/ft .
  • a sodium bentonite/calcium bentonite blend used in a litter may have a bulk density of 50 to 58 lbs/ft .
  • a sodium bentonite/calcium bentonite blend may be sufficiently uniform that differences in the bulk density throughout the blend are 2.0 lbs/ft 3 , or 0.97 lbs/ft 3 , or 0.96 lbs/ft 3 , or even 0.74 lbs/ft 3 , for 10 samples of the blend.
  • filler materials of the present invention may have a bulk density of less than of
  • Litter compositions of the present invention may include dedusting agents.
  • dedusting agents that may be included in a litter composition of the present invention include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), oils, water, glycerols, glycols, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polymers, silicones, calcium chloride, foams, etc.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • CMC advantageously sodium CMC
  • CMC does not interfere with the dedusting functionality of the agent.
  • a 1.2% slurry of PTFE in water may be sprayed onto the calcium bentonite particles at the application rate of 40 lbs/ton of calcium bentonite (0.48 lbs. active PTFE per ton of calcium bentonite).
  • the PTFE coated calcium bentonite is later blended with sodium bentonite.
  • a litter of the present invention may include various other additives such as odor control additives, odor masking agents, emulsifiers, fixatives, indicators, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, attractants, repellants, sanitizers, emollients, humectants, dessicants, dyes, pigments, etc.
  • additives such as odor control additives, odor masking agents, emulsifiers, fixatives, indicators, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, attractants, repellants, sanitizers, emollients, humectants, dessicants, dyes, pigments, etc.
  • odor control additives examples include biocides, urease inhibitors, iodine, chlorophyllin sodium copper salts, probiotics, enzymes, baking soda, carbon, zeolites, salts, aldehydes (benzaldehyde, heptaldehyde, undecalcatone, benzyl cinnamate, cinnamaldehyde, citral, vanillin, coumarin, undecanal, etc.).
  • CMC is preferred because, while not being bound by theory, it is postulated that CMC does not interfere with the activity of any of these agents.
  • odor masking agents examples include fragrances such as citrus, floral (lavender), green, fruity, herbaceous, musk, oriental, woody, etc.
  • emulsifiers examples include: polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, block copolymers such as Lutrol® and non- ionic solubilizers such as Cremophor®.
  • fixatives examples include polypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, sugar alcohols, etc.
  • Examples of indictors that may be included in a litter composition of the present invention include pH indicators, ammonia indicators, etc. that change color to indicate a change in pH, the presence of ammonia, etc.
  • Examples of attractants that may be included in a litter composition of the present invention include pheromones, catnip, etc.
  • Examples of repellants that may be included in a litter composition of the present invention include flea repellants, tick repellants, mite repellants, etc.
  • Examples of sanitizers that may be included in a litter composition of the present invention include alcohols, chlorhexidine gluconate, phenols, iodine, quaternary salts, ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide, sodium perchlorate, etc.
  • Examples of dessicants that may be included in a litter composition of the present invention include calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, silica gel, etc.
  • the present invention may also comprise additional clumping additives in addition to CMC and xanthan gum such as but not limited to other polysaccharides, Arabic gum, karaya gum, tara gum, ghatti gum, guar gum, galactomannan gum, locust bean gum, cellulose ester or ether, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxybutylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyelectrolyte, xanthan gum, alginates, carrageenan gums, pectins, starches, psyllium husk powder, corn flour, pre-gelatinized corn flour, polyvinyl alcohol, polymers, copolymers and/or modified starches.
  • additional clumping additives in addition to CMC and xanthan gum such as but not limited to other polysaccharides, Arabic gum, karaya gum, tara gum, ghatti gum, guar gum, galactomannan gum, locust bean gum, cellulose ester or
  • the clumping additive must be safe and non-toxic for animals.
  • the clumping additive of the present invention may be inhaled or ingested by the animal without any deleterious side effects.
  • the present invention also encompasses methods of improving clumping in cat litter comprising adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or xanthan gum to the cat litter, wherein the clumping is improved as compared to a cat litter without sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or xanthan gum, wherein the cat litter with the CMC and/or xanthan gum has improved clump strength as compared to a cat litter without CMC and/or xanthan gum.
  • CMC sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • xanthan gum sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • clump strength refers to the numerical value of average clump strength for a clump of litter material formed by exposing the litter material to a wetting agent approximating urine.
  • the clump strength of a litter material may be determined using one of the clump strength test procedures described below. These procedures include the Standard Drop Method Test and Extreme Drop Method Test described below, as well as other procedures for determining clump strength.
  • an aluminum pan may be placed under a dropping device.
  • the aluminum pan may include one or more sheets of paper product, such as a paper towel, as a liner.
  • a small depression, approximately 1 cm, may be made in a flat pile of a litter to be tested.
  • 20 ml of a wetting agent may be poured over the test litter.
  • a clump may be removed from the test litter and placed on a swinging platform of a dropping device with the bottom side of the clump down. Prior to the clump being placed on the swinging platform, the swinging platform may be raised by a user to be horizontal relative to the inner horizontal surface of the pan.
  • the clump is visually examined for breakage and assigned a rating on a scale from 1 to 3:1: clump intact, no breakage; 2: slight breakage (clumps breaks into 2 pieces); and 3: moderate breakage (clump breaks into more than 2 pieces). The test may be repeated on 2 more clumps and the average rating of all 3 clumps is reported.
  • an aluminum pan is placed under a dropping device.
  • a small depression, approximately 1 cm may be made in a flat pile of a litter to be tested.
  • 20 ml of synthetic urine is poured over the test litter.
  • a clump may be carefully removed from the test litter and placed on a swinging platform of a dropping device with the bottom side of the clump down.
  • the swinging platform Prior to the clump being placed on the swinging platform, the swinging platform may be raised by a user to be horizontal relative to the inner horizontal surface of the pan. The user releases swinging platform allowing the clump to free-fall into an aluminum pan placed exactly 47 inches (119.4 cm) below.
  • the clump is visually examined for breakage and assigned a rating on a scale from 1 to 3:1 : clump intact, no breakage; 2: slight breakage (clumps breaks into 2 pieces); and 3: moderate breakage (clump breaks into more than 2 pieces). The test may be repeated on 2 more clumps and the average rating of all 3 clumps is reported.
  • the CMC may have a viscosity greater than or equal to 2000 cPs.
  • the CMC may have an average particle size less than or equal to 188 microns.
  • the litter may comprise about 0.10%, about 0.15%, about 0.20%, about 0.25%, about 0.30%, about 0.35%, about 0.40%, about 0.45%, about 0.50%, about 0.55%, about 0.60%, about 0.65%, about 0.70%, about 0.75%, about 0.80%, about 0.85%, about 0.90%, about 0.95%, about 1.00%, about 1.05%, about 1.10%, about 1.15%, about 1.20%, about 1.25%, about 1.30%, about 1.35%, about 1.40%, about 1.45%, about 1.50%, about 1.55%, about 1.60%), about 1.65%), about 1.70%, about 1.75%, about 1.80%, about 1.85%, about 1.90%, about 1.95%), about 2.00%, about 2.10%, about 2.15%, about 2.20%, about 2.25%, about 2.30%, about 2.35%, about 2.40%, about 2.45%, about 2.50%, about 2.55%, about 2.60%, about 2.65%, about
  • the CMC of the present invention may have varying viscosities and/or particle sizes, such as but not limited to, viscosities of 2000 cPs, 4450 cPs or 5710 cPs and/or average particle sizes of 49 ⁇ , 55 ⁇ or 65 ⁇ .
  • the clumping cat litter of the present invention may also comprise xanthan gum.
  • the xanthan gum may have a viscosity greater than or equal to 2000 cPs and an average particle size of less than or equal to 54 microns.
  • the litter may comprise about 0.10%, about 0.15%, about 0.20%, about 0.25%, about 0.30%, about 0.35%, about 0.40%, about 0.45%, about 0.50%, about 0.55%, about 0.60%, about 0.65%, about 0.70%, about 0.75%, about 0.80%, about 0.85%, about 0.90%, about 0.95%, about 1.00%, about 1.05%, about 1.10%, about 1.15%, about 1.20%, about 1.25%, about 1.30%, about 1.35%, about 1.40%, about 1.45%, about 1.50%, about 1.55%, about 1.60%, about 1.65%, about 1.70%, about 1.75%, about 1.80%, about 1.85%, about 1.90%, about 1.95%, about 2.00%, about 2.10%, about 2.15%, about 2.20%, about 2.25%, about 2.30%, about 2.35%, about 2.40%, about 2.45%, about 2.50%, about 2.55%, about 2.60%, about 2.65%, about
  • the xanthan gum may have varying viscosities and/or particle sizes, such as but not limited to, viscosities of 2000 cPs or 2390 cPs and/or average particle sizes of 46 ⁇ or 54 ⁇ .
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • xanthan gum whose use is unexpected in cat litter formulations. Further, each has specific requirements to achieve an optimum clump strength ( ⁇ 2.0), for CMC a viscosity of > 2000 cPs and average particle size of ⁇ 188 microns and for xanthan gum a viscosity of >2000 cPs an average particle size of ⁇ 54 microns.
  • a batch of synthetic urine was prepared in a blender according to the following formulations:
  • each clumping additive was determined using Malvem-laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Each sample was fed slowly into the sample chamber containing mixing isopropanol. When the obscuration value had reached 15%, the measurement was taken.
  • Taft-CMC
  • CMC with an average particle size of ⁇ 77 microns and viscosity of > 4100 cPs and xanthan gum with average particle size of ⁇ 46 microns are optimum clumping additives for scooping cat litter based on a non-sodium bentonite clay.
  • CMC and xanthan gum improve clumping properties of sodium bentonite/calcium bentonite blends.
  • CMC vise: 4100 cPs and ave. p.s.: 77 ⁇
  • Xanthan Gum vise: 1750 cPs and ave. p.s.: 46 ⁇
  • Guar Gum vise: 6200 cPs and ave. p.s.: 54 ⁇
  • the new additives delivered improved clumping and lower dust.
  • CMC (vise: 5750 cPs, ave. p.s.: 188 (R-12-1182)
  • CMC (vise: 2000 cPs and ave. p.s.: 55 ⁇ )( ⁇ -12-1173)
  • Xanthan Gum (vise: 2930 cPs and ave. p.s.: 46 ⁇ ) was found to provide by far the highest clump strength out of all additives tested.
  • the experimental procedures were as follows. First, a 500g batch of 1% solution of each clumping additive in water was prepared in a high shear blender. Each solution was mixed for 30 seconds and then transferred to a 16-oz wide mouth jar and allowed to de-aerate overnight. After 24 hours, a viscosity reading was taken using a Brookfield viscometer with spindle #4 at 20 rpm. The measurement was taken at 30 seconds.
  • clumping properties of each batch were evaluated at 30 seconds, 1 hour, 24, 48 & 72 hours using synthetic urine and a drop test. According with the test procedure, clumps were prepared in triplicate with 20 ml of synthetic urine. At a specified time interval, each clump was removed from a litter and placed on a platform of a dropping device. The clump was then dropped from a height of 12 inches. The degree of breakage in the clump was rated on a scale from 1 to 3, 1 being "clump intact", 2 - "slight breakage” and 3 - "moderate breakage".
  • PreOgealtinized corn flour (R-10-672) 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 15 115 104
  • Xanthan Gum (R-12-730) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  • Xanthan Gum (R-12-730) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  • Xanthan Gum (R-12-475) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  • Xanthan Gum (R-12-475) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
  • a clumping cat litter comprising sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or xanthan gum.
  • a method of creating or improving clumping in cat litter comprising adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and/or xanthan gum of any one of paragraphs 1-10 to the cat litter, wherein the clumping is created or improved as compared to a cat litter without sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and/or xanthan gum, wherein the cat litter with the CMC and/or xanthan gum of any one of paragraphs 1-10 has created or improved clump strength as compared to a cat litter without CMC and/or xanthan gum.
  • CMC sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • xanthan gum of any one of paragraphs 1-10 has created or improved clump strength as compared to a cat litter without CMC and/or xanthan gum.

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des combinaisons de carboxyméthylcellulose (CMC) sodique et de xanthane, ainsi que leurs utilisations, notamment en tant qu'additif agglomérant pour litière pour chat.
PCT/US2013/057005 2012-08-28 2013-08-28 Litière agglomérante pour chat caractérisée par une résistance améliorée des agglomérats WO2014036093A1 (fr)

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CN104396774A (zh) * 2014-12-04 2015-03-11 芜湖悠派卫生用品有限公司 一种添加多种吸水成分的混合型猫砂及其制备方法
WO2016025450A1 (fr) * 2014-08-12 2016-02-18 Oil-Dri Corporation Of America Litière pour chat agglomérante haute performance, ultralégère, à base d'argile et de polymère

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GB2082614A (en) * 1980-08-25 1982-03-10 Nat Starch Chem Corp Absorbent composition
WO1998037149A1 (fr) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions polymeres formant un hydrogel a systeme echange d'ions et a lits melanges et elements absorbants ayant des concentrations relativement elevees de ces compositions
US6872275B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2005-03-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for adding superabsorbent to a pre-formed fibrous web via in situ polymerization
US7343874B2 (en) * 2002-08-07 2008-03-18 The Clorox Company Silica gel based animal litter

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016025450A1 (fr) * 2014-08-12 2016-02-18 Oil-Dri Corporation Of America Litière pour chat agglomérante haute performance, ultralégère, à base d'argile et de polymère
US9986715B2 (en) 2014-08-12 2018-06-05 Oil-Dri Corporation Of America Ultra lightweight clay and polymer high performance clumping cat litter
CN104396774A (zh) * 2014-12-04 2015-03-11 芜湖悠派卫生用品有限公司 一种添加多种吸水成分的混合型猫砂及其制备方法

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