WO2014026769A9

WO2014026769A9 - Compressor

Info

Publication number: WO2014026769A9
Application number: PCT/EP2013/002477
Authority: WO
Inventors: Markus BESEMER; Christian ETTER; Martin Schaich
Original assignee: Gea Bock Gmbh
Priority date: 2012-08-17
Filing date: 2013-08-17
Publication date: 2015-03-12
Also published as: WO2014026769A1; CN104903577A; US20150219084A1; DE102012016265A1; EP2885540A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, comprising a cylinder block, a cylinder cover (12) and a valve plate (10) which is interposed between the cylinder block and the cylinder cover (12), said valve plate (10) being connected to the cylinder cover (12) and/or to the cylinder block without redundancy in the sealing plane.

Description

compressor

The present invention relates to a compressor, in particular a compressor for compressing refrigerant according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Not least due to the increasing globalization of technology, refrigeration is becoming an increasingly growing industry. Due to the increase in the price of energy, more and more attention is being paid to the most efficient use of energy, the corresponding chillers, compressors, air conditioners, etc.

record, put.

For example, in refrigeration in the supermarket, industrial and marine sectors or in the field of mobile air conditioning and refrigeration reciprocating compressors play a major role. Reciprocating compressors in the field of refrigeration usually have

eigenmediumbetätigte valves, which are arranged on a valve plate. The

Valve plate itself is in turn arranged between a cylinder block and a cylinder cover and separates the compression volumes (cylinder chambers, cylinder bores), which are arranged in the cylinder block, of a Sauggasvolumen and a

1

CONFIRMATION OP Compressed gas volume, which are both arranged in the cylinder cover. The valve plate is usually pressed by fastening screws together with the cylinder cover under bias against the cylinder block. The tightness is hereby produced by means of flat gaskets at both existing sealing levels

In order to be able to connect the suction volume and the pressure volume with the compression volumes in order to allow intake of low-pressure refrigerant and discharge of high-pressure refrigerant, the valve plate has according to the corresponding valves, the suction and a Allow the discharge of refrigerant at the desired time. In addition to tongue valves and ring valves are used.

Due to high mechanical loads and also high pressure loads acting on the valve plate, the size of the valve openings, and thus also the thickness of lands or the like, disposed between the respective openings is governed by the prevailing forces and pressures, i. the loads acting on the valve plate are determined. Since the loads under extreme operating conditions are relatively high and in practice the medium to be compressed in addition to the gaseous even in rare cases can assume the liquid state, the openings are separated by massive supports, which is energetically disadvantageous since the

Flow resistance is greater.

Based on the above-discussed prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a compressor, in particular compressors for compressing refrigerant, which enables compared to compressors according to the prior art, an energetically advantageous and thus performance optimized operation.

This object is achieved by a compressor according to claim 1.

According to the invention, a corresponding compressor for compressing refrigerant comprises a cylinder block, a cylinder cover and a valve plate arranged between the cylinder block and the cylinder cover. The valve plate is connected in the compressor to the cylinder cover and / or to the cylinder block. This gives the Design a corresponding stability, which allows a larger compared to the prior art valve opening. The larger the valve opening or the valve openings of a compressor can (can) be designed, the larger can also be

Refrigerant flow rate of the unit realized or selected.

The valve plate is pressed in a possible embodiment outside the cylinder bore by fasteners, such as mounting screws together with the cylinder cover against the cylinder block. In addition, the valve plate

For example, in the central region of the cylinder bores- by fasteners, which in turn may be in the form of mounting screws, to the

Cylinder lid pressed. The seal in this area is at this connection on or in the same plane as the seal in the area outside the valve nests (central area of the cylinder bores). The seal can thus be done by means of the same flat gasket in both areas.

Preferably, the connection is made by means of a screw and a thereto

corresponding thread, which is arranged in the valve plate. This is a reliable solution.

In a preferred embodiment, the connection takes place in the region of the printing unit or the so-called printing nest, i. the pressure nest (or the pressure unit) is connected to the cylinder cover. The pressure unit or the pressure nest extends over the region of the valve plate between the intersection of the elongated central axis of a cylinder bore (central axis of the bore in the direction of extent, central axis in the axial direction of the respective bore) with the valve plate to the openings in the valve plate, the are provided for discharging the compressed refrigerant.

Optionally, this is arranged in the suction volume or in the pressure volume, in particular an approximately columnar support element, which extends from an outer wall of the cylinder cover in the direction of the valve plate. This support element can

Preferably in the middle in the direction of its extension from an outer wall of the cylinder cover toward the valve plate has a recess for passing the

Connecting element, for example, the screw, by means of which the

Connection takes place. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable, the support element itself as

Provide connecting element, and attach this to the valve plate, W, for example, by means of an adhesive, soldering or welding process.

Further features of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by means of exemplary embodiments. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a valve plate of a compressor according to the prior art for general explanation;

Fig. 2 is a perspective sectional view of a cylinder cover and a valve plate of a compressor according to the invention;

3 shows a detail from FIG. 2 in a plan view of the sectional plane; FIG. 4 shows the valve plate according to FIG. 3; FIG.

5 shows a valve plate of a compressor according to the invention together with a seal in plan view (the cylinder block facing side).

6 shows the valve plate of the compressor according to the invention as shown in Figure 5 together with seal in plan view (the cylinder cover side facing) ..;

Fig. 7, the valve plate of FIG. 6, but without seal.

In Fig. 1, a valve plate 110 of a compressor according to the prior art for general explanation is shown. A region A corresponds approximately to a diameter of a cylinder (not shown) covered by the corresponding part of the valve plate 110 and defined by a cylinder cover (not shown). First surfaces 112 represent the pressure cross sections, whereas second surfaces 114 represent the

Represent suction cross sections. It can be clearly seen in the figures that the theoretically maximum possible cross sections are greatly reduced by webs 116, 118, which are indispensable for the stability of the valve plate 110. FIGS. 2 to 7 show, in comparison to this, parts of a compressor according to the invention. In the figures 2 to 4 are respectively sectional views of a valve plate 10, shown in Figures 2 and 3 together with a cylinder cover 12 of a compressor according to the invention, while in the figures 5 to 7 are respectively shown plan views of valve plates 10 of a compressor according to the invention. The cylinder cover points

Recesses in which screws 14 are arranged, with which the

Cylinder cover 12 is attached to a cylinder block (not shown) of the compressor.

The cylinder cover 12 has per cylinder provided a suction volume or a suction chamber 16 (recess in the cylinder cover 12), from which or the refrigerant is sucked into the cylinder of the compressor, and a pressure volume 18 (also a recess in the cylinder cover 12), wherein the respective suction volume 16 is arranged annularly around the corresponding pressure volume 18 around.

The valve plate 10 has for the gas exchange between the cylinder and the respective suction volume 16, and the respective pressure volume 18, a suction lamella 20 and a pressure plate 22, which close or release a respective suction port 24 and a pressure port 26 in the valve plate.

The suction lamella 20, which in a closed state, i. in a state in which it rests against the valve plate 10, the suction volume 16 and the corresponding cylinder chamber (compression volume) separates from each other, by a corresponding lifting of the valve plate 10, the respective suction port 24 free and allows inflow of the medium to be compressed (suction gas , here in the form of refrigerant) in the compression volume. The lifting of the suction plate 20 of the valve plate 10 is caused by a pressure prevailing in the compression volume in the intake vacuum. The suction lamella 20 moves away from the valve plate 10 in the direction of the

Compression volume. The suction plate 20 is annular and has a Sauglamellen outer diameter dl and a Sauglamellen inner diameter d2.

The pressure plate 22, which in a closed state, ie in a state in which it bears against the valve plate 10, the pressure volume 18 and the corresponding cylinder chamber (compression volume) separates from each other, by a corresponding lifting of the valve plate 10, the respective pressure port 26th free and allows one Outflow of the compressed, high-pressure medium (compressed gas) in the pressure volume 18. The lifting of the pressure plate 22 of the valve plate 10 is caused by an overpressure generated in the compression volume during compression. The pressure plate 22 moves away from the valve plate 10 in the direction of

Cylinder cover. The pressure plate 22 is, as well as the suction plate 20, formed annularly and has a pressure plate outer diameter d3 and a

Pressure lamella inner diameter d4 on. In the present embodiment:

d4 <d3 <d2 <d l.

The pressure plate 22 is pressed by the action of an elastic element in the form of a sinusoidal spring 28 against the pressure port 26 and the stroke of the pressure plate 22 is limited by a Hubfänger 30. The Hubfänger 30 is annular and arranged on the valve plate 10 by means of a rotation in the form of a pin 32 against rotation. The Hubfänger is approximately circular or circular in shape and an outer diameter of the Hubfängers 30 corresponds approximately to the outer diameter d3 of the pressure plate 22nd

The suction lamella 20 (cf., in particular, FIG. 5) has at two points of the circular ring outwardly directed approximately rectangular suction lamella projections 34, 36 which are formed at an angle of 180 ° or opposite to the suction lamella 20. Like the suction lamella 20 itself, the suction lamella projections 34, 36 are plate-shaped corresponding to the plate-shaped design of the suction lamella 20 constructed. The Sauglamellen-extensions 34, 36 are integral and einstoffig with the

Suction lamella 20 is formed. Alternatively, the suction lamella extensions can also be made of a different material and / or attached to the suction lamella 20 by means of a suitable attachment method (for example gluing, soldering, welding). The suction lamella projections 34, 36 each have recesses in the form of elongated holes 38, 40 (guides), in which a arranged in the valve plate guide pin 42, 44 engages. If the suction lamella 20 during suction of the suction gas in the

Compressed compression volume and thus lifted from the suction port 24, the Sauglamellen-extensions 34, 36 by the guide pins 42, 44 guided in the direction of the pressure plates (or simply: they move inwards) and limit the stroke of the suction plate 20, when the guide pins at the outer end (outer diameter) of the slots 38, 40 abut. In particular, from FIGS. 2 to 4 it can be seen that in the cylinder cover 12 not only screws 14 are provided for connection to the cylinder block, but that in each case for each cylinder, a connecting element in the form of a screw 46 for

Connection with the valve plate 10 is provided. The screws 46 each engage in a formed in the valve plate 10 corresponding thread 48 and provide a connection of the cylinder cover 12 with the valve plate 10. In alternative

Embodiments, it is conceivable that the valve plate 10 is alternatively or additionally connected to the cylinder block, preferably in turn by a

Screwing. Alternatives to a screw connection or a screw as a connection element would be other connection methods, such as soldering, gluing or welding.

To optimize the connection and support properties, an approximately columnar support element 50 is arranged in the pressure volume 18, which extends from a

Outer wall 52 of the cylinder cover 12 extends in the direction of the valve plate 10. The support element 50 is column-shaped with a recess 54 in the middle along the central axis or hollow cylindrical, wherein the outer diameter of the support member 50 in the outer wall 52 of the cylinder cover 12 slightly (by about 2% to 7%) is greater than in Area of the valve plate 10. The recess 54 extends from the outer wall of the cylinder cover 12 in the direction of the valve plate 10 and is provided for receiving the connecting element (screw 46).

The connection between the cylinder cover 12 and the valve plate 10 via the

Screw 46 and the support member 50 is carried out for each cylinder of the compressor in the described embodiment, preferably in the region of the duck unit or the so-called pressure nest 56, i. the pressure unit or the pressure nest 56 is connected to the cylinder cover 12. The pressure nest or the pressure unit 56 of the valve plate 10 extends over the region of the valve plate 10 between the intersection of

(Extended) central axis of a cylinder bore (central axis of the bore in its extension direction, central axis in the axial direction of the respective bore) with the valve plate and the pressure ports 26, which are provided for discharging the compressed refrigerant. The Hubfänger 30, which determines the lifting height and radial position of the pressure plate 22 is axially reset in comparison to the fit on the valve plate 10. The resulting gap is required to generate no over-determination and to ensure that the tensile force of the screw 46 passes over the valve plate 10 on the support member 50 in the cylinder cover 12 and to generate any stresses in the sealing plane. In other words, between the Hubfänger 30 and the cylinder cover 12 remains a small gap, so that thereby the sealing plane between the valve plate 10 and cylinder cover 12 is not overdetermined. Thus, a gap is thus arranged between the Hubfänger 30 and the cylinder cover 12, which prevents overdetermination of the sealing surface between the valve plate 10 and cylinder cover 12. In order not to unnecessarily restrict the axial play manufacturing technology, a seal 58 (cylinder cover gasket), which is arranged between the valve plate 10 and the cylinder cover 12 compensate for this axial play. Further, a seal (second seal 59) is also disposed between the valve plate 10 and the cylinder block.

In Figs. 5, 6 and 7, the valve plate of the compressor according to the invention is shown, wherein in Fig. 5, the side facing the cylinders is shown and in Figs. 6 and 7, the cylinder cover 12 facing side is shown. In Fig. 6, the seal 58 (cylinder cover gasket) is additionally shown. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 7, through the connection of the cylinder cover 12 and valve plate 10 in the region of the lifting catcher 30, only three narrow webs 60 are required, which interrupt the pressure opening 26. The webs 60, in contrast to the webs 116 according to the prior art (see Fig. 1, here six webs 116 are necessary) in a smaller number available and much narrower.

This contributes to the performance optimization of a compressor, as among other things, the degree of filling (degree of delivery) of the compressor, i. As fast as possible gas exchange with low loss (pressure loss, etc.) per cycle, this is crucial. In order to reduce pressure losses and to enable a quick gas exchange, large suction and pressure cross sections can be realized relative to the cylinder stroke space.

The largest cross sections can be achieved via the ring lamellae used. For optimum utilization of the cylinder cross-sectional area, the suction and pressure ring lamellae are arranged concentrically to one another. The center of the ring lamellae is located in the cylinder axis. The construction leads to several positive effects:

1. Reduction of the stresses in the most stressed area of the valve plate 10.

2. Reduction of the deflection in the strongest stressed area of the valve plate 10.

3. Reduction of the number of webs and / or the web width

4. Enlargement of the grate cross section (outflow cross section)

5. The Hubfänger 30 is usually fixed axially by means of screws (prior art). In the present case, the Hubfänger over the integrated in the cylinder cover

Support fixed axially. Thus, this valve plate 10 is particularly robust and

less sensitive to pressure peaks and liquid shocks.

6. The tensile force of the screw 46 compensates for a certain proportion of the pressure force on the high pressure side.

Although the invention will be described with reference to an embodiment with a fixed combination of features, it also includes the conceivable further advantageous

Combinations as specified in particular, but not exhaustive, by the subclaims. All disclosed in the application documents features are claimed as essential to the invention, as far as they are new individually or in combination over the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 valve plate

12 cylinder cover

14 screws

16 suction volume

18 print volumes

0 suction lamella

2 pressure lamella

4 suction opening

6 pressure opening

8 sine-wave spring

0 Hub catcher

2 pen Suction lamellae-extension

Suction lamellae-extension

Long hole

guide pin

screw

thread

supporting

Outer wall of the cylinder cover 12 recess

Pressure unit or pressure seal

second seal

Bridge valve plate

first surface

second surface

web

Claims

claims

A compressor for compressing refrigerant comprising a cylinder block, a cylinder cover (12) and a valve plate (10) arranged between the cylinder block and the cylinder cover (12).

characterized in that

the valve plate (10) is connected to the cylinder cover (12) and / or with the cylinder block or is attached thereto.

2. Compressor according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the valve plate (10) is connected to the cylinder cover (12) and / or with the cylinder block by means of a connecting element, in particular a screw (46) or is attached thereto.

3. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in _/ that

the valve plate (10) has a thread (48).

4. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the cylinder cover (12) has a suction volume (16) and a pressure volume (18), wherein in the suction or in the pressure volume (16, 18) a in particular approximately columnar

Supporting element (50) is arranged, which of an outer wall (52) of the Cylinder cover (12) in the direction of the valve plate (10) extends.

5. Compressor according to claim 4,

characterized in that

the support element (50) has a recess which extends from the outer wall (52) of the cylinder cover (12) in the direction of the valve plate (10), which is provided for receiving the connecting element.

6. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the valve plate (10) one or more suction lamellae (20) and / or one or more pressure fins (22), which are formed in a ring valve design.

7. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the connection of the valve plate (10) with the cylinder cover and / or with the cylinder block in the region of a pressure nest or a pressure unit (56) of the valve plate (10).

8. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the valve plate (10) has a Hubfänger (30) which limits the stroke of a pressure plate (22) of the valve plate (10) away.

9. A compressor according to claim 8,

characterized in that

between the Hubfänger (30) and the cylinder cover (12) is arranged a gap.

10. Compressor according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the valve plate (10) in areas where they are not arranged in the cylinder block

Cylinder bore covered by fasteners, in particular

Fasten screws together with the cylinder cover (12) against the

Cylinder block is pressed.