WO2014025976A1 - Heteroaromatic compounds as bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) inhibitors - Google Patents

Heteroaromatic compounds as bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014025976A1
WO2014025976A1 PCT/US2013/054096 US2013054096W WO2014025976A1 WO 2014025976 A1 WO2014025976 A1 WO 2014025976A1 US 2013054096 W US2013054096 W US 2013054096W WO 2014025976 A1 WO2014025976 A1 WO 2014025976A1
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mmol
chosen
alkoxy
heterocycle
alkyl
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PCT/US2013/054096
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French (fr)
Inventor
Joerg Martin Bentzien
Angela Kay BERRY
Todd Bosanac
Michael Jason Burke
Darren Todd DISALVO
Joshua Courtney Horan
Shuang Liang
Can Mao
Wang Mao
Yue Shen
Fariba Soleymanzadeh
Renee M. Zindell
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Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
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Priority to EP13752756.0A priority Critical patent/EP2882741B1/en
Priority to CA2881519A priority patent/CA2881519A1/en
Priority to MA37830A priority patent/MA37830B1/en
Priority to JP2015526696A priority patent/JP6348492B2/en
Priority to AP2015008203A priority patent/AP2015008203A0/en
Priority to BR112015002590A priority patent/BR112015002590A2/en
Priority to AU2013299557A priority patent/AU2013299557B2/en
Priority to MX2015001802A priority patent/MX2015001802A/en
Priority to CN201380041869.4A priority patent/CN104603124B/en
Application filed by Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh filed Critical Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh
Priority to EA201500207A priority patent/EA029210B1/en
Priority to KR20157003386A priority patent/KR20150040292A/en
Priority to NZ703607A priority patent/NZ703607A/en
Priority to IN524DEN2015 priority patent/IN2015DN00524A/en
Priority to SG11201500499TA priority patent/SG11201500499TA/en
Publication of WO2014025976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014025976A1/en
Priority to IL236495A priority patent/IL236495A0/en
Priority to TNP2015000029A priority patent/TN2015000029A1/en
Priority to SA515360007A priority patent/SA515360007B1/en
Priority to PH12015500294A priority patent/PH12015500294B1/en
Priority to HK15110950.0A priority patent/HK1210161A1/en

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compounds which inhibit BTK and their use as medicaments.
  • Bruton's tyrosine kinase is a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases and plays a critical role in B cell development, activation and antibody production.
  • BTK X-linked agammaglobulinemia
  • XLA X-linked agammaglobulinemia
  • the outcome of recent clinical trials with B cell depleting anti-CD20 molecules in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) support the hypothesis that B cells offer an important intervention node for controlling autoimmune disorders (Townsend et al. 2010).
  • B cell activation and proliferation via inhibition of BTK may offer similar therapeutic benefit and is consistent with the demonstrated resistance of BTK-deficient mice to collagen induced arthritis (Jansson, 1993, Clin Exp Immunol 94, 459-xxx) and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (Svensson el al. 2002 and Mangla el al 2004).
  • BlyS supports a role for B cells in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (La Cava 2010).
  • BTK inhibitors may offer therapeutic benefit to SLE patients.
  • BTK signal transduction is necessary for the stimulated release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF from stimulated monocytes (Horwood, J Exp Med, 2003, 1603-xxx) and for optimal actin cytoskeletal organization and lacunar bone resorption in isolated osteoclasts (Danks, 2011, J Bone and Mineral Research, 26, 182— 192).
  • Bone marrow derived mast cells lacking BTK exhibit impaired activation-induced degranulation and cytokine release (ref).
  • BTK activity may provide clinical benefit in diseases such as RA, MS, SLE, asthma and allergic disorders.
  • the invention comprises a novel class of heteroaromatic compounds and methods for making and using the same. These compounds are useful for the treatment of autoimmune and allergic disorders in that they exhibit good inhibitory effect upon BTK.
  • Ri is N(R 3 ) 2 or hydrogen
  • Cy is aryl or heteroaryl each is substituted by R 2 and optionally substituted by halogen, halo C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl and C 1-4 alkoxy;
  • R 2 is chosen from:
  • Ci-6 alkyl and Ci_6 alkoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, halo Ci_ 4 alkyl, C M alkyl, R 3 -S(0) m -, -CN, -C(0)-N(R 3 ) 2 or Ci_ 4 alkoxy;
  • L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -(CH 2 ) n -, -0-(CH 2 ) n -, -N(R 3 )-, -N(R 3 )-(CH 2 ) n - , -(CH 2 ) n -N(R 3 )-, -C(0)-N(R 3 )-, -C(0)-N(R 3 )-(CH 2 ) n -,-N(R 3 )-C(0)-N(R 3 )-, -N(R 3 )-C(0)-, -S(0) m -N(R 3 )- and -N(R 3 )-S(0) m -, wherein the -CH 2 - in each L can have 1-2 hydrogens replaced by C 1-3 alkyl, said C 1-3 alkyl groups can optionally cyclize to form a C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl ring;
  • Ar is carbocycle, heterocycyl or heteroaryl
  • Xi is a linker chosen from a bond, -(CH 2 ) n -;
  • Y is chosen from C7-C1 0 spirocycle optionally containing 0-1 ring nitrogen atoms, a nitrogen containing mono- or bi-cyclic heterocycle, carbocycle, aryl, each substituted by one R 4 ;
  • each n is independently 1-4;
  • each m is independently 0-2;
  • each R3 is independently chosen from hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl
  • each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkylC 1-4 alkoxy,
  • Cy is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl each is substituted by R 2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or C 1-4 alkoxy;
  • R 2 is chosen from:
  • each Ar and C 1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C 1-4 alkyl, R 3 -S(0) 2 -, -CN, -C(0)-NH(R 3 ) and d_ 3 alkoxy;
  • L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH 2 -, -0-CH 2 -, -NH-, -NH-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH 2 -,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(R 3 )-S(0) m -;
  • Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or pyrrolidinyl
  • R 2 is chosen from:
  • each Ar and C 1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C 1-4 alkyl, CH 3 -S(0) 2 -, -CN, -C(0)-NH(R 3 ) and Ci_ 2 alkoxy;
  • L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH 2 -, -0-CH 2 -, -NH-, -NH-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH 2 -,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(R 3 )-S(0) m -;
  • Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl or piperidinyl
  • Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl, each is substituted by R 2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or Ci_ 2 alkoxy;
  • R 2 is chosen from:
  • each Ar and C 1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C 1-4 alkyl, CH 3 -S(0) 2 -, -CN, -C(0)-NH(CH 3 ) and Ci_ 2 alkoxy;
  • L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH 2 -, -0-CH 2 -, -NH-, -NH-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH 2 -,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(H)-S(0) 2 -;
  • Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, benzoxazolyl or piperidinyl
  • Xi is a linker chosen from a bond and -(CH 2 ) n -;
  • Y is chosen from:
  • heterocycle chosen from piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl
  • Xi is a linker chosen from a bond and -(CH 2 ) n -;
  • Y is chosen from:
  • heterocycle chosen from piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl
  • X 3 halogen or hydrogen
  • each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C 1-3 alkyl, -CF 3 , C 1-3 alkylCi_ 3 alkoxy, - CH 2 -heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by F, CI, OH and CH 3 -S(0) 2 - and each heterocycle chosen from pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl and 1 ,4-oxazepane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a ring is:
  • a ring is: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a ring is:
  • L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, and -0-(CH 2 ) n -;
  • n 1-3;
  • Ar is carbocycle or heterocycle
  • Ar is C3-5 cycloalkyl or tetrahydrofuranyl
  • n l ;
  • R 2 is:
  • the invention provides made compounds in Table I which made in view of the general schemes, examples and methods known in the art.
  • the present invention further relates to metabolites, and prodrugs of compounds of the formula (I).
  • the present invention further relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the formula (I) with inorganic or organic acids or bases.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - as medicaments.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - for use in a method for treatment of a patient.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders.
  • the invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders.
  • the invention in another aspect relates to a method for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) - or one of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - to a patient.
  • the invention in another aspect relates to a pharmaceutical preparation containing as active substance one or more compounds of formula (I)- or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - optionally in combination with conventional excipients and/or carriers.
  • Alkyl denotes monovalent, saturated hydrocarbon chains, which may be present in both straight-chain (unbranched) and branched form. If an alkyl is substituted, the substitution may take place independently of one another, by mono- or polysubstitution in each case, on all the hydrogen-carrying carbon atoms.
  • Ci-salkyl includes for example H 3 C-, H 3 C-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-, H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C- C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C-CH2-CH 2 -CH2-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C-C(CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C
  • alkyl examples include methyl (Me; -CH 3 ), ethyl (Et; -CH 2 CH 3 ), 1 -propyl (n-propyl; n-Pr; -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), 2-propyl (i-Pr; wo-pnopyl; -CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 1 -butyl (n-butyl; n-Bu;
  • alkyl also applies if alkyl is a part of another (combined) group such as for example C x _ y alkylamino or C x _ y alkoxy.
  • alkenyl consists of at least two carbon atoms, wherein at least two adjacent carbon atoms are joined together by a C-C double bond and a carbon atom can only be part of one C-C double bond. If in an alkyl as hereinbefore defined having at least two carbon atoms, two hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are formally removed and the free valencies are saturated to form a second bond, the corresponding alkenyl is formed.
  • Alkenyl may optionally be present in the cis or trans or E or Z orientation with regard to the double bond(s).
  • alkynyl consists of at least two carbon atoms, wherein at least two adjacent carbon atoms are joined together by a C-C triple bond. If in an alkyl as hereinbefore defined having at least two carbon atoms, two hydrogen atoms in each case at adjacent carbon atoms are formally removed and the free valencies are saturated to form two further bonds, the corresponding alkynyl is formed.
  • Haloalkyl (haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl) is derived from the previously defined alkyl (alkenyl, alkynyl) by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon chain independently of one another by halogen atoms, which may be identical or different. If a haloalkyl (haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl) is to be further substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen-carrying carbon atoms.
  • haloalkyl haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl
  • - CC1 CH 2
  • -CBr CH 2 , -C ⁇ C-CF 3 , -CHFCH 2 CH 3 , -CHFCH 2 CF 3 etc.
  • Halogen relates to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms.
  • Cycloalkyl is made up of the subgroups monocyclic hydrocarbon rings, bicyclic hydrocarbon rings and spiro-hydrocarbon rings. The systems are saturated. In bicyclic hydrocarbon rings two rings are joined together so that they have at least two carbon atoms together.
  • a cycloalkyl is to be substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system.
  • cycloalkyl examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl.
  • Corresponding groups are an example: Spirocycle is a spiro-hydrocarbon ring one carbon atom (spiroatom) belongs to two rings together.
  • Aryl denotes mono-, bi- or tricyclic carbocycles with at least one aromatic carbocycle. Preferably, it denotes a monocyclic group with six carbon atoms (phenyl) or a bicyclic group with nine or ten carbon atoms (two six-membered rings or one six-membered ring with a five-membered ring), wherein the second ring may also be aromatic or, however, may also be saturated or partially saturated.
  • substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon atoms.
  • Aryl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system.
  • aryl examples include phenyl and naphthyl.
  • aryl also applies if aryl is part of another (combined) group as for example in arylamino, aryloxy or arylalkyl.
  • Heterocyclyl denotes ring systems, which are derived from the previously defined cycloalkyl or spirocycle by replacing one or more of the groups -CH 2 - independently of one another in the hydrocarbon rings by the groups -0-, -S- or -NH-, wherein a total of not more than five heteroatoms may be present, at least one carbon atom may be present between two oxygen atoms and between two sulphur atoms or between one oxygen and one sulphur atom and the ring as a whole must have chemical stability. Heteroatoms may optionally be present in all the possible oxidation stages (sulphur -> sulphoxide -SO-, sulphone -S0 2 -; nitrogen -> N-oxide).
  • heterocyclyl If a heterocyclyl is substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon and/or nitrogen atoms. Heterocyclyl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system.
  • heterocyclyl examples include tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,
  • Heteroaryl denotes monocyclic heteroaromatic rings or polycyclic rings with at least one heteroaromatic ring, which compared with the corresponding aryl or cycloalkyl , instead of one or more carbon atoms, one or more identical or different heteroatoms, selected independently of one another from among nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, wherein the resulting group must be chemically stable.
  • the prerequisite for the presence of heteroaryl is a heteroatom and a heteroaromatic system.
  • heteroaryl If a heteroaryl is to be substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon and/or nitrogen atoms. Heteroaryl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system, both carbon and nitrogen.
  • heteroaryl examples include , pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, and the like.
  • Heteroatoms may optionally be present in all the possible oxidation stages (sulphur -> sulphoxide -SO-, sulphone -S0 2 -; nitrogen -> N-oxide).
  • Carbocycles include hydrocarbon rings containing from three to twelve carbon atoms. These carbocycles may be either aromatic either aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems. The non-aromatic ring systems may be mono- or polyunsaturated. Preferred carbocycles include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptanyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, benzocyclobutanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, benzocycloheptanyl and benzocycloheptenyl.
  • Stereochemistry/solvates/hydrates Unless specifically indicated, throughout the specification and appended claims, a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, ElZ isomers, etc.) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the compounds and salts of the invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms such as hydrates are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the invention.
  • salts The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
  • such salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzenesulphonates, benzoates, besylates, bicarbonates, bitartrates, bromides/hydrobromides, Ca-edetates/edetates, camsylates, carbonates, chlorides/hydrochlorides, citrates, edisylates, ethane disulphonates, estolates esylates, fumarates, gluceptates, gluconates, glutamates, glycolates, glycollylarsnilates, hexylresorcinates, hydrabamines, hydroxymaleates, hydroxynaphthoates, iodides, isothionates, lactates, lactobionates, malates, maleates, mandelates, methanesulphonates, mesylates, methylbromides, methylnitrates, methylsulphates, mucates, napsy
  • salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Birge, S.M. et al., J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1- 19).
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesised from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base form of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
  • Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention also comprise a part of the invention.
  • the solid line means that the ring system may be attached to the molecule via the carbon atom 1 , 2 or 3, and is thus equivalent to the following representation
  • a therapeutically effective amount for the purposes of this invention is meant a quantity of substance that is capable of obviating symptoms of illness or alleviating these symptoms, or which prolong the survival of a treated patient.
  • reaction conditions and reaction times may vary depending on the particular reactants used. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific procedures are provided in the Synthetic Examples section. Intermediates and products may be purified by chromatography on silica gel, recrystallization and/or reverse phase HPLC (RHPLC). Discrete enantiomers may be obtained by resolution of racemic products using chiral HPLC. RHPLC purification methods used anywhere from 0-100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% formic acid or 0.1% TFA and used one of the following columns: a) Waters Sunfire OBD C18 5 ⁇ 30x150 mm column
  • the compounds according to the invention are prepared by the methods of synthesis described hereinafter in which the substituents of the general formulae have the meanings given hereinbefore. These methods are intended as an illustration of the invention without restricting its subject matter and the scope of the compounds claimed to these examples. Where the preparation of starting compounds is not described, they are commercially obtainable or may be prepared analogously to known compounds or methods described herein. Substances described in the literature are prepared according to the published methods of synthesis.
  • R-3 (20 g, 109 mmol) in Et 2 0 (150 mL) is added Zn-Cu (56.2 g, 436 mmol) at 10°C under N 2 .
  • Trichloroacetyl chloride 39.7 g, 218 mmol
  • DME 150 mL
  • the mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 2 days.
  • the mixture is treated with aqueous NaHCC>3 and extracted with EtOAc.
  • the organic layers are washed with brine, dried with Na 2 S0 4 , concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (Si0 2 , Hep to 25%EtOAc in Hep) to give R-4 (11 g, 34%).
  • R-7 1-7 1-8 To a solution of R-7 (15.0 g, 97 mmol) in CH 2 I 2 (350 mL) is added isoamylnitrite (58.7 g, 580 mmol). The solution is stirred for 15 min at ambient temperature then heated at 70° C for 2 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then partitioned between EtOAc and aqueous sodium bisulfite. The organics are collected, dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si0 2 , Hep to 50 EtOAc in Hep) to give the 1-7 (13.1 g, 51%) m/z 266.8 [M+H].
  • the resulting compound is dissolved in CH2CI2 (2 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The crude is partitioned between CH2CI2 and 10% (w/w) aqueous Na2CC>3 and CH2CI2. The organics are collected and filtered through a phase separator® to afford after removal of the volatiles 1-47 (58 mg, 53%) m/z 392.1 [M+H].
  • a vial is charged with 1-70 (1.0 g, 5.35 mmol), 2-phenoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- [l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine (2.07 g, 6.95 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.62 g, 0.535 mmol) and dissolved in aqueous potassium carbonate (10 mL, 2.0 M) and DME (6 mL). The mixture is heated at 130 °C for 3 h in a microwave. The mixture is filtered then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si0 2 , 0-100%EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-71 (1.18 g, 80%) m/z 278.0 [M+H].
  • a vial is charged with 1-70 (0.50 g, 2.67 mmol), 4-isopropoxyboronic acid (0.58 g, 3.21 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.43 g, 0.37 mmol) and dissolved in aqueous potassium carbonate (4 mL, 2.0 M) and DME (3 mL).
  • the mixture is heated at 130 °C for 3 h in a microwave.
  • the mixture is filtered then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si0 2 , 0-80 EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-77 (0.473 g, 73%) m/z 243.5 [M+H].
  • a vial is charged with 1-70 (0.45 g, 2.41 mmol), 4-n-propoxyboronic acid (0.48 g, 2.65 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.28 g, 0.24 mmol) and dissolved in aqueous potassium carbonate (4.8 mL, 2.0 M) and dioxane (2 mL). The mixture is heated at 130 °C overnight. The mixture is filtered then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si0 2 , 0-6 MeOH in CH 2 C1 2 ) to give 1-80 (0.400 g, 69%) m/z 242.4 [M+].
  • HTRF assay (Cisbio KinEASE-TK cat # 62TK0PEC) was performed to quantitate the ability of test compounds to inhibit BTK mediated phosphorylation of substrate. Assays were assembled in 384 well plates where 6nM of full-length human His-tagged BTK (Life Technologies cat # PV3587) and test compound at varying concentrations were preincubated for 15 minutes at 28°C. Then, luM of TK substrate-biotin and 30uM ATP were added and incubated for an additional 30 minutes at 28°C.
  • Phospohrylation was detected by adding 62.5nM Streptavidin-XL665 and TK- Antibody Cryptate diluted 1: 100 in HTRF detection buffer (Cisbio cat # 62SDBRDF) and incubated for 60 minutes at RT. The plate was read on an Envision plate reader and the fluorescence is measured at 620nm (cryptate) and 665nm (XL665). A ratio is calculated (665/620) and converted to POC relative to control and blank wells.
  • Preferred compounds for the treatment of autoimmune disorders exhibit selective inhibition of BTK over other kinases such as EGFR.
  • the compounds described herein show a range of selectivities against EGFR as measured in cellular assays (BTK activity measured by CD69 expression in primary CD19 + cells; EGFR activity measured by EGFR phosphorylation in A431 cells). See Table II.
  • Primary CD 19 cells were purified from healthy frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (AllCells, Emeryville, CA) and negatively selected by magnetic separation, >97% purity ( Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, CA). Cells were collected and plated in a 96 flat bottom plate at a concentration of 2xl0 5 /well in RPMI media containing 10% FBS, rested for 1 hour at 37°c. Cells were treated with inhibitor in duplicates or vehicle control in 1 % DMSO final concentration for 1 hour at 37°c, 5% C0 2 .
  • A431cells (ATCC # CRL-1555 FZ) are thawed and plated in DMEM containing 10% FBS in a 384- well tissue culture treated plate at 15,000 cells/well. After incubating for 24 hours at 37 °C, 5 % C0 2 , the cells are treated with test compound (1% DMSO final concentration) and incubated for 16 hours at 37 °C, 5 % C0 2 . EGF (Millipore, 01-107) is added at a final concentration of 60 ng/mL and incubated for 10 minutes. The medium is removed, the cells are lysed, and phospho EGFR is measured (Meso Scale Diagnostics, N31CB-1).
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are suitable for treating autoimmune and allergic disorders in that they exhibit good inhibitory effect upon BTK.
  • Such diseases include for example: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythromatosis, scleroderma, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic eczema, B cell lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft versus host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be used on their own or in combination with other active substances according to the invention, optionally also in combination with other pharmacologically active substances.
  • Suitable preparations include for example tablets, capsules, suppositories, solutions - particularly solutions for injection (s.c, i.v., i.m.) and infusion - elixirs, emulsions or dispersible powders.
  • the content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.1 to 90 wt.- , preferably 0.5 to 50 wt.- of the composition as a whole, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range specified below.
  • the doses specified may, if necessary, be given several times a day.
  • Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing the active substance(s) with known excipients, for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate.
  • excipients for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate.
  • excipients for example inert dilu
  • Coated tablets may be prepared accordingly by coating cores produced analogously to the tablets with substances normally used for tablet coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar.
  • the core may also consist of a number of layers.
  • the tablet coating may consist of a number of layers to achieve delayed release, possibly using the excipients mentioned above for the tablets.
  • Syrups or elixirs containing the active substances or combinations thereof according to the invention may additionally contain a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar and a flavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract. They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
  • a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar
  • a flavour enhancer e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract.
  • suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
  • Solutions for injection and infusion are prepared in the usual way, e.g. with the addition of isotonic agents, preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates, or stabilisers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, whilst if water is used as the diluent, for example, organic solvents may optionally be used as solvating agents or dissolving aids, and transferred into injection vials or ampoules or infusion bottles.
  • Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations of active substances may for example be prepared by mixing the active substances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol and packing them into gelatine capsules.
  • Suitable suppositories may be made for example by mixing with carriers provided for this purpose such as neutral fats or polyethyleneglycol or the derivatives thereof.
  • Excipients which may be used include, for example, water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly disper
  • lignin e.g. lignin, spent sulphite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • lubricants e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • the preparations are administered by the usual methods, preferably by oral or transdermal route, most preferably by oral route.
  • the tablets may of course contain, apart from the above-mentioned carriers, additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additives such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatine and the like.
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc may be used at the same time for the tabletting process.
  • the active substances may be combined with various flavour enhancers or colourings in addition to the excipients mentioned above.
  • solutions of the active substances with suitable liquid carriers may be used.
  • the dosage for intravenous use is from 1 - 1000 mg per hour, preferably between 5 and 500 mg per hour.

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Abstract

The present invention encompasses compounds of the formula (I) wherein the groups A, Cy, XI and Y are defined herein, which are suitable for the treatment of a disease chosen from rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythromatosis, scleroderma, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic eczema, B cell lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft versus host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis.

Description

HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS AS BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE (BTK) INHIBITORS
APPLICATION DATA
This application claims benefit to US provisional application serial no. 61/681,684 filed August 10 2012.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to novel compounds which inhibit BTK and their use as medicaments.
2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Members of the protein kinase family of human enzymes play important regulatory roles in a multitude of distinct signal transduction processes due to their post-translational modification of specific proteins via the addition of a phosphate group (Hunter, Cell, 1987 50, 823-829). Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases and plays a critical role in B cell development, activation and antibody production.
The contribution of BTK to B cell biology is exemplified in the X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) immunodeficiency in humans (reviewed in Lindvall, Immunol Rev 2005, 203, 200-215 that display attenuated calcium signaling upon BCR engagement, lack mature B cells in periphery due to block between pro- and pre-B cells stage and have lower levels of circulating antibodies than normal healthy subjects. The outcome of recent clinical trials with B cell depleting anti-CD20 molecules in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS) support the hypothesis that B cells offer an important intervention node for controlling autoimmune disorders (Townsend et al. 2010). As such, attenuation of B cell activation and proliferation via inhibition of BTK may offer similar therapeutic benefit and is consistent with the demonstrated resistance of BTK-deficient mice to collagen induced arthritis (Jansson, 1993, Clin Exp Immunol 94, 459-xxx) and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (Svensson el al. 2002 and Mangla el al 2004). Similarly, the clinical efficacy observed with a neutralizing antibody to the B cell stimulating factor BlyS supports a role for B cells in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (La Cava 2010). Given the necessity for BTK for the production of autoantibodies, including anti-DNA antibodies, in murine models of SLE (Steinberg et al., 1982; Golding et al., 1983; Scribner et al., 1987; Seldin et al.,1987; Satterthwaite et al., 1998; Takeshita et al., 1998;Whyburn et. al., 2003), BTK inhibitors may offer therapeutic benefit to SLE patients.
Within myeloid cells, BTK signal transduction is necessary for the stimulated release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF from stimulated monocytes (Horwood, J Exp Med, 2003, 1603-xxx) and for optimal actin cytoskeletal organization and lacunar bone resorption in isolated osteoclasts (Danks, 2011, J Bone and Mineral Research, 26, 182— 192). Bone marrow derived mast cells lacking BTK exhibit impaired activation-induced degranulation and cytokine release (ref). Given the role of BTK in signal transduction processes across multiple cell types implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and allergic disorders, inhibition of BTK activity may provide clinical benefit in diseases such as RA, MS, SLE, asthma and allergic disorders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention comprises a novel class of heteroaromatic compounds and methods for making and using the same. These compounds are useful for the treatment of autoimmune and allergic disorders in that they exhibit good inhibitory effect upon BTK.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In a first generic embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I)
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000005_0002
Ri is N(R3)2 or hydrogen;
Cy is aryl or heteroaryl each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by halogen, halo C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar, Ci-6 alkyl and Ci_6 alkoxy, each Ar, Ci_6 alkyl and Ci_6 alkoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, halo Ci_4 alkyl, CM alkyl, R3-S(0)m-, -CN, -C(0)-N(R3)2 or Ci_4 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -(CH2)n-, -0-(CH2)n-, -N(R3)-, -N(R3)-(CH2)n- , -(CH2)n-N(R3)-, -C(0)-N(R3)-, -C(0)-N(R3)-(CH2)n-,-N(R3)-C(0)-N(R3)-, -N(R3)-C(0)-, -S(0)m-N(R3)- and -N(R3)-S(0)m-, wherein the -CH2- in each L can have 1-2 hydrogens replaced by C1-3 alkyl, said C1-3 alkyl groups can optionally cyclize to form a C3_6 cycloalkyl ring;
Ar is carbocycle, heterocycyl or heteroaryl;
Xi is a linker chosen from a bond, -(CH2)n-;
Y is chosen from C7-C10 spirocycle optionally containing 0-1 ring nitrogen atoms, a nitrogen containing mono- or bi-cyclic heterocycle, carbocycle, aryl, each substituted by one R4;
Figure imgf000006_0001
each n is independently 1-4;
each m is independently 0-2;
each R3 is independently chosen from hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl;
each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylC1-4 alkoxy,
-(CH2)n-heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by halogen, OH and R3-S(0)m-;
each group defined above for Cy, R1-R5, Xi and Y can be where possible partially or fully
4 halogenated;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to the embodiment herein- above and wherein
Figure imgf000007_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
Cy is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or C1-4 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar and C1-3 alkoxy, each Ar and C1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C1-4 alkyl, R3-S(0)2-, -CN, -C(0)-NH(R3) and d_3 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH2-, -0-CH2-, -NH-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH2-,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(R3)-S(0)m-;
Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or pyrrolidinyl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments herein-above and wherein Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl, each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or
Ci_2 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar and C1-3 alkoxy, each Ar and C1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C1-4 alkyl, CH3-S(0)2-, -CN, -C(0)-NH(R3) and Ci_2 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH2-, -0-CH2-, -NH-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH2-,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(R3)-S(0)m-;
Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl or piperidinyl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl, each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or Ci_2 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar and C1-3 alkoxy, each Ar and C1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C1-4 alkyl, CH3-S(0)2-, -CN, -C(0)-NH(CH3) and Ci_2 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH2-, -0-CH2-, -NH-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH2-,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(H)-S(0)2-;
Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, benzoxazolyl or piperidinyl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
Xi is a linker chosen from a bond and -(CH2)n-;
Y is chosen from:
a spirocycle chosen from
Figure imgf000009_0001
a heterocycle chosen from piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl;
and phenyl each heterocycle or phenyl substituted by one
Figure imgf000009_0002
wherein Rscannot be hydrogen,
Figure imgf000009_0003
each R4 is optionally halogenated; each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, halo C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkylC1-3 alkoxy, -CH2-heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by F, CI, OH and CH3-S(0)2- and each heterocycle chosen from pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl and 1 ,4-oxazepane,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
Xi is a linker chosen from a bond and -(CH2)n-;
Y is chosen from:
a spirocycle chosen from
Figure imgf000010_0001
a heterocycle chosen from piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl;
and phenyl each heterocycle or phenyl substituted by one
X3 = halogen or hydrogen,
Figure imgf000010_0002
each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, -CF3, C1-3 alkylCi_3 alkoxy, - CH2-heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by F, CI, OH and CH3-S(0)2- and each heterocycle chosen from pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl and 1 ,4-oxazepane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
Cy is
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
10
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000014_0001
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments herein-above and wherein A ring is:
Figure imgf000015_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
A ring is:
Figure imgf000015_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
A ring is:
Figure imgf000015_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
A ring is:
Figure imgf000016_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
R2 is
L-Ar;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, and -0-(CH2)n-;
n is 1-3;
Ar is carbocycle or heterocycle;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the embodiments hereinabove and wherein
Ar is C3-5 cycloalkyl or tetrahydrofuranyl;
n = l ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to any of the
L-Ar i
Figure imgf000016_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a compound of the formula (I) according to of the embodiments herein-above and wherein
R2 is:
Figure imgf000017_0001
, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2CH3, -OCH3, -OCF3 or -OCH2CF3;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In another embodiment, the invention provides made compounds in Table I which made in view of the general schemes, examples and methods known in the art.
Table of compounds and Biological activity
Figure imgf000017_0002
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000035_0001
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
Figure imgf000060_0001
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000062_0001
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The present invention further relates to metabolites, and prodrugs of compounds of the formula (I).
The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the formula (I) with inorganic or organic acids or bases.
In another aspect the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - as medicaments.
In another aspect the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - for use in a method for treatment of a patient.
In another aspect the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders.
In another aspect the invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) - or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders.
In another aspect the invention relates to a method for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) - or one of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - to a patient.
In another aspect the invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation containing as active substance one or more compounds of formula (I)- or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - optionally in combination with conventional excipients and/or carriers.
Definitions
Terms that are not specifically defined here have the meanings that are apparent to the skilled man in the light of the overall disclosure and the context as a whole.
As used herein, the following definitions apply, unless stated otherwise:
The use of the prefix Cx_y, wherein x and y each represent a natural number, indicates that the chain or ring structure or combination of chain and ring structure as a whole, specified and mentioned in direct association, may consist of a maximum of y and a minimum of x carbon atoms.
Alkyl denotes monovalent, saturated hydrocarbon chains, which may be present in both straight-chain (unbranched) and branched form. If an alkyl is substituted, the substitution may take place independently of one another, by mono- or polysubstitution in each case, on all the hydrogen-carrying carbon atoms.
For example, the term "Ci-salkyl" includes for example H3C-, H3C-CH2-, H3C-CH2-CH2-, H3C-CH(CH3)-, H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-, H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-, H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-, H3C- C(CH3)2-, H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, H3C-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-, H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-, H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-, H3C-CH2-C(CH3)2-, H3C-C(CH3)2-CH2-, H3C-CH(CH3)- CH(CH3)- and H3C-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-.
Further examples of alkyl are methyl (Me; -CH3), ethyl (Et; -CH2CH3), 1 -propyl (n-propyl; n-Pr; -CH2CH2CH3), 2-propyl (i-Pr; wo-pnopyl; -CH(CH3)2), 1 -butyl (n-butyl; n-Bu;
-CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-methyl-l -propyl (wo-butyl; i-Bu; -CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-butyl (sec- butyl; sec-Bu; -CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 2-methyl-2-propyl (tori-butyl; ί-Bu; -C(CH3)3), 1- pentyl (n-pentyl; -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3), 3-pentyl (-CH(CH2CH3)2), 3 -methyl- 1 -butyl (wo-pentyl; -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-methyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2), 2,2-dimethyl-l -propyl (neo-pent l; -CH2C(CH3)3), 2-methyl-l -butyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 1-hexyl (n-hexyl; -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-hexyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3), 3-hexyl
(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)), 2-methyl-2-pentyl (-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-2- pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 4-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2), 3-methyl-3-pentyl (-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2), 2-methyl-3-pentyl (-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2), 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3), 2,3-dimethyl-l-butyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3), 2,2-dimethyl-l -butyl
(-CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH3), 3,3-dimethyl-l-butyl (-CH2CH2C(CH3)3), 2-methyl-l -pentyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-l -pentyl (-CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 1-heptyl (n-heptyl), 2-methyl- 1-hexyl, 3-methyl- 1-hexyl, 2,2-dimethyl-l -pentyl,
2,3-dimethyl-l-pentyl, 2,4-dimethyl- 1 -pentyl, 3,3-dimethyl-l-pentyl, 2,2,3-trimethyl-l- butyl, 3 -ethyl- 1 -pentyl, 1-octyl (n-octyl), 1-nonyl (n-nonyl); 1-decyl (n-decyl) etc.
By the terms propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl etc. without any further definition are meant saturated hydrocarbon groups with the corresponding number of carbon atoms, wherein all isomeric forms are included.
The above definition for alkyl also applies if alkyl is a part of another (combined) group such as for example Cx_yalkylamino or Cx_yalkoxy.
Unlike alkyl, alkenyl consists of at least two carbon atoms, wherein at least two adjacent carbon atoms are joined together by a C-C double bond and a carbon atom can only be part of one C-C double bond. If in an alkyl as hereinbefore defined having at least two carbon atoms, two hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms are formally removed and the free valencies are saturated to form a second bond, the corresponding alkenyl is formed.
Alkenyl may optionally be present in the cis or trans or E or Z orientation with regard to the double bond(s).
Unlike alkyl, alkynyl consists of at least two carbon atoms, wherein at least two adjacent carbon atoms are joined together by a C-C triple bond. If in an alkyl as hereinbefore defined having at least two carbon atoms, two hydrogen atoms in each case at adjacent carbon atoms are formally removed and the free valencies are saturated to form two further bonds, the corresponding alkynyl is formed.
Haloalkyl (haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl) is derived from the previously defined alkyl (alkenyl, alkynyl) by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon chain independently of one another by halogen atoms, which may be identical or different. If a haloalkyl (haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl) is to be further substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen-carrying carbon atoms.
Examples of haloalkyl (haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl) are -CF3, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF2CF3, -CHFCF3, -CH2CF3, -CF2CH3, -CHFCH3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CF2CH2CH3, -CF=CF2, - CC1=CH2, -CBr=CH2, -C≡C-CF3, -CHFCH2CH3, -CHFCH2CF3 etc.
Halogen relates to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms.
Cycloalkyl is made up of the subgroups monocyclic hydrocarbon rings, bicyclic hydrocarbon rings and spiro-hydrocarbon rings. The systems are saturated. In bicyclic hydrocarbon rings two rings are joined together so that they have at least two carbon atoms together.
If a cycloalkyl is to be substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system.
Examples of cycloalkyl are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl. Corresponding groups are an example:
Figure imgf000065_0001
Spirocycle is a spiro-hydrocarbon ring one carbon atom (spiroatom) belongs to two rings together.
Aryl denotes mono-, bi- or tricyclic carbocycles with at least one aromatic carbocycle. Preferably, it denotes a monocyclic group with six carbon atoms (phenyl) or a bicyclic group with nine or ten carbon atoms (two six-membered rings or one six-membered ring with a five-membered ring), wherein the second ring may also be aromatic or, however, may also be saturated or partially saturated.
If an aryl is to be substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon atoms. Aryl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system.
Examples of aryl are phenyl and naphthyl.
The above definition of aryl also applies if aryl is part of another (combined) group as for example in arylamino, aryloxy or arylalkyl.
Heterocyclyl denotes ring systems, which are derived from the previously defined cycloalkyl or spirocycle by replacing one or more of the groups -CH2- independently of one another in the hydrocarbon rings by the groups -0-, -S- or -NH-, wherein a total of not more than five heteroatoms may be present, at least one carbon atom may be present between two oxygen atoms and between two sulphur atoms or between one oxygen and one sulphur atom and the ring as a whole must have chemical stability. Heteroatoms may optionally be present in all the possible oxidation stages (sulphur -> sulphoxide -SO-, sulphone -S02-; nitrogen -> N-oxide).
If a heterocyclyl is substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon and/or nitrogen atoms. Heterocyclyl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system.
Examples of heterocyclyl are tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl,
s
Figure imgf000067_0001
Heteroaryl denotes monocyclic heteroaromatic rings or polycyclic rings with at least one heteroaromatic ring, which compared with the corresponding aryl or cycloalkyl , instead of one or more carbon atoms, one or more identical or different heteroatoms, selected independently of one another from among nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, wherein the resulting group must be chemically stable. The prerequisite for the presence of heteroaryl is a heteroatom and a heteroaromatic system.
If a heteroaryl is to be substituted, the substitutions may take place independently of one another, in the form of mono- or polysubstitutions in each case, on all the hydrogen- carrying carbon and/or nitrogen atoms. Heteroaryl itself may be linked as a substituent to the molecule via every suitable position of the ring system, both carbon and nitrogen.
Examples of heteroaryl are , pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, and the like.
Heteroatoms may optionally be present in all the possible oxidation stages (sulphur -> sulphoxide -SO-, sulphone -S02-; nitrogen -> N-oxide).
Carbocycles include hydrocarbon rings containing from three to twelve carbon atoms. These carbocycles may be either aromatic either aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems. The non-aromatic ring systems may be mono- or polyunsaturated. Preferred carbocycles include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptanyl, cycloheptenyl, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, benzocyclobutanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, benzocycloheptanyl and benzocycloheptenyl.
All cyclic and acyclic systems defined in this section hereinabove shall be understood to be optionally partially or fully halogenated where possible and unless otherwise indicated.
Stereochemistry/solvates/hydrates: Unless specifically indicated, throughout the specification and appended claims, a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, ElZ isomers, etc.) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds and salts of the invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms such as hydrates are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the invention.
Salts: The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
As used herein "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
For example, such salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzenesulphonates, benzoates, besylates, bicarbonates, bitartrates, bromides/hydrobromides, Ca-edetates/edetates, camsylates, carbonates, chlorides/hydrochlorides, citrates, edisylates, ethane disulphonates, estolates esylates, fumarates, gluceptates, gluconates, glutamates, glycolates, glycollylarsnilates, hexylresorcinates, hydrabamines, hydroxymaleates, hydroxynaphthoates, iodides, isothionates, lactates, lactobionates, malates, maleates, mandelates, methanesulphonates, mesylates, methylbromides, methylnitrates, methylsulphates, mucates, napsylates, nitrates, oxalates, pamoates, pantothenates, phenyl acetates, phosphates/diphosphates, polygalacturonates, propionates, salicylates, stearates, subacetates, succinates, sulphamides, sulphates, tannates, tartrates, teoclates, toluenesulphonates, triethiodides, ammonium, benzathines, chloroprocaines, cholines, diethanolamines, ethylenediamines, meglumines and procaines.
Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Birge, S.M. et al., J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1- 19).
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesised from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base form of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention (e.g. trifluoroacetates), also comprise a part of the invention.
Some abbreviated notations and their structure correspondences are listed below:
In a representation such as for example
Figure imgf000069_0001
the solid line means that the ring system may be attached to the molecule via the carbon atom 1 , 2 or 3, and is thus equivalent to the following representation
Figure imgf000069_0002
By a therapeutically effective amount for the purposes of this invention is meant a quantity of substance that is capable of obviating symptoms of illness or alleviating these symptoms, or which prolong the survival of a treated patient.
List of abbreviations
Figure imgf000070_0001
Hep Heptane
HPLC high performance liquid chromatography i Iso
LC liquid chromatography
LiHMDS lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide sin. Solution
mCPBA 3-Chloroperoxbenzoic acid
Me Methyl
MeOH Methanol
min Minutes
MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
MS mass spectrometry
NBS N-bromo-succinimide
S N-iodo-succinimide
NMM N-methylmorpholine
NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
NP normal phase
n.a. not available
PBS phosphate-buffered saline
Ph Phenyl
Pr Propyl
Pyr Pyridine
rac Racemic
f ( f) retention factor
RP reversed phase
RT Retention time (HPLC)
rt ambient temperature
TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride
TBDMS tert-butyldimethylsilyl TBME tert-butylmethylether
0-(benzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-uronium
TBTU
tetrafluoroborate
tBu tert-butyl
TEA Triethylamine
temp. Temperature
tert Tertiary
Tf Triflate
TFA trifluoroacetic acid
THF Tetrahydrofuran
TMS Trimethylsilyl
TRIS tris (hydroxymethyl) -aminomethane
Ts /7-Tosyl
TsOH /7-toluenesulphonic acid
UV Ultraviolet
Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed examples which illustrate the fundamentals of the invention by way of example without restricting its scope:
Preparation of the compounds according to the invention General Synthetic Methods
Optimum reaction conditions and reaction times may vary depending on the particular reactants used. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specific procedures are provided in the Synthetic Examples section. Intermediates and products may be purified by chromatography on silica gel, recrystallization and/or reverse phase HPLC (RHPLC). Discrete enantiomers may be obtained by resolution of racemic products using chiral HPLC. RHPLC purification methods used anywhere from 0-100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% formic acid or 0.1% TFA and used one of the following columns: a) Waters Sunfire OBD C18 5 μιη 30x150 mm column
b) Waters XBridge OBD C18 5 μιη 30x150 mm column
c) Waters ODB C8 5 μιη 19x150 mm column.
d) Waters Atlantis ODB CI 8 5 μιη 19x50 mm column.
e) Waters Atlantis T3 OBD 5 μιη 30x100 mm column
f) Phenomenex Gemini Axia C18 5 μιη 30x100 mm column
HPLC Methods:
Analytical LC/MS Analysis Method A:
Column : Thermo Scientific, Aquasil C18, 50 x 2.1 mm, 5 μιη column
Gradient:
Figure imgf000073_0001
Analytical LC/MS Analysis Method B:
Column: Waters BEH 2.1x50mm CI 8 1.7 μιη column
Gradient:
Figure imgf000074_0002
The compounds according to the invention are prepared by the methods of synthesis described hereinafter in which the substituents of the general formulae have the meanings given hereinbefore. These methods are intended as an illustration of the invention without restricting its subject matter and the scope of the compounds claimed to these examples. Where the preparation of starting compounds is not described, they are commercially obtainable or may be prepared analogously to known compounds or methods described herein. Substances described in the literature are prepared according to the published methods of synthesis.
Compounds of formula I may be prepared as shown in Scheme la and lb below.
Scheme la:
Figure imgf000074_0001
In scheme la, a heterocycle A is treated with a suitable base and reacted with an Xi group containing a leaving group (LG) B to afford the compound of general formula (I).
Scheme lb:
Figure imgf000075_0001
(I)
In scheme lb, C (where X = O, N, S, or NH2) is condensed with D to afford the compound of general formula (I).
Synthetic Examples
Method 1
Synthesis of Intermediate I-l
Figure imgf000075_0002
R-1 1-1
A solution of R-1 (5.0 g, 23 mmol) in CH2CI2 is treated with TEA (6.5 mL, 47 mmol) and DMAP (0.57 g, 4.7 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 24 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and brine. The organics are collected and volatiles are removed in vacuo. The crude residue is triturated with Et20 and solid filtered and collected to afford I-l (5.6 g, 65%) m/z 367.9 [M+]. The following intermediates were prepared in a similar manner
Figure imgf000076_0001
Method 2
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-4 and separation of diastereomers 1-5 and 1-6.
Figure imgf000077_0001
R-6 1-4 1-5 1-6
To a solution of PPh3CH3Br (578 g, 1.62 mol) in THF (3.5 L) is added a solution of n- BuLi (600 mL, 1.5 mol) at -78°C under N2. The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 1 h then R-2 (200 g, 1.08 mol) in THF (2.0 L) is added to the reaction mixture at 0°C. The mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred for 1 h, then poured into H20 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers are washed with brine, dried with Na2S04, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 25 EtOAc in Hep) to give compound R-3 (70 g, 36%).
To a solution of R-3 (20 g, 109 mmol) in Et20 (150 mL) is added Zn-Cu (56.2 g, 436 mmol) at 10°C under N2. Trichloroacetyl chloride (39.7 g, 218 mmol) in DME (150 mL) is added. The mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 2 days. The mixture is treated with aqueous NaHCC>3 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers are washed with brine, dried with Na2S04, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 25%EtOAc in Hep) to give R-4 (11 g, 34%).
To a solution of R-4 (35.5 g, 121 mmol) in saturated NH4C1 (64.7 g, 1.21 mol) in MeOH (400 mL) is added Zn (79.1 g, 1.21 mol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 8 h. The mixture is treated with H20 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers are washed with brine, dried with Na2S04, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 25 EtOAc in Hep) to afford R-5 (19 g, 69%).
To the mixture of R-5 (19 g, 84.3 mmol) in THF (200 mL) is added NaBH4 (12.8 g, 337.2 mmol) at 0°C and then stirred at ambient temperature for 6 h. The mixture is treated with MeOH and H20, then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers are washed with brine, dried with Na2S04, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 50%EtOAc in Hep) to yield R-6 (12 g, 63%).
To the mixture of R-6 (22 g, 96.8 mmol) and pyridine (23.2 g, 290.4 mmol) in CH2C12 (300 mL) is added TsCl (27.7 g, 145.2 mmol) at 0 °C and then stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture is treated with H20 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers are washed with brine, dried with Na2S04, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 40%EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-4 (26.6 g, 72%) m/z 382.2 [M+H]. 1-4 is separated by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 40%EtOAc in Hep) to give diastereomers 1-5 (m/z 382.2 [M+H]) and 1-6 (m/z 382.2 [M+H]).
Method 3
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-8
Figure imgf000078_0001
R-7 1-7 1-8 To a solution of R-7 (15.0 g, 97 mmol) in CH2I2 (350 mL) is added isoamylnitrite (58.7 g, 580 mmol). The solution is stirred for 15 min at ambient temperature then heated at 70° C for 2 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then partitioned between EtOAc and aqueous sodium bisulfite. The organics are collected, dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 50 EtOAc in Hep) to give the 1-7 (13.1 g, 51%) m/z 266.8 [M+H].
A solution of 1-7 (2.0 g, 7.5 mmol), 4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid (2.0 g, 9.3 mmol), and bis(di-tert-butyl(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphine) dichloropalladium(II) (1.5 g, 2.1 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) and 2M aqueous Cs2C03 (10 mL) is heated at 120° C for 2h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then partitioned between EtOAc and aqueous NH4C1. The organics are collected, dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 10-30% EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-8 (1.6 g, 69%). m/z 309.1 [M+H]
Method 4
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-9
Figure imgf000079_0001
R-8 1-9
To malonitrile (7.55 g, 114 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at 0° C is added sodium hydride (60%dispersion in mineral oil, 4.57 g, 114 mmol) slowly under a stream of nitrogen. After 10 min R-8 (27 g, 115 mmol) is added and the ice bath removed. The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5h then dimethylsulfate is added then heated at reflux for 2 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then triethylamine and hydrazine are added. The mixture is heated at reflux for 2 h then concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water, and extracted with 10 MeOH in EtOAc. The organics are collected, dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-100% EtOAc in Hep) to afford 1-9 (5.7 g, 18%). m/z 277.5 [M+H]
Method 5
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-10
Figure imgf000080_0001
1-1 1-10
To a solution of I-l (200 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMSO (2.5 mL) was added KCN (71 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C for 18 h then cooled to ambient temperature and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organics were collected, dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-10 (quant, 120 mg). m/z 223 A [M+H]
The following intermediates were prepared in a similar manner
Structure Intermediate m/z
Figure imgf000081_0001
Method 6
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-14
Figure imgf000081_0002
1-10 1-14 To a solution of 1-10 (250 mg, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added 20% (w/w) aqueous (NH4)2S (2 mL, 5.9 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 17 h then diluted with water. The resulting white solid is filtered and collected to give 1-14 (160 mg, 55%). m/z 257.0 [M+H]
The following intermediates were prepared in a similar manner
Figure imgf000082_0001
Figure imgf000083_0001
Method 7
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-19
Figure imgf000083_0002
1-13 1-19
A solution of 1-13 (422 mg, 1.69 mmol) in EtOH (8.4 mL) is treated with 50% (w/w) aqueous hydroxylamine (1.1 mL, 16.9 mmol). The solution is heated at 70° C for 2 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo to afford 1-19 (478 mg, quant) m/z 284.1 [M+H].
The following intermediates were prepared in similar manner
Structure Intermediate m/z
Figure imgf000084_0001
Method 8
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-21
Figure imgf000084_0002
To a solution of 1-8 (200 mg, 0.65 mmol) and Cs2C03 (423 mg, 1.30 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) is added 1-1 (262 mg, 0.71 mmol). The mixture is heated at 60° C for 18 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 50%EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-21 (217 mg, 66%) m/z 504.2 [M+H].
The following intermediates were prepared in similar fashion:
Structure Intermediate m/z
Figure imgf000085_0001
Figure imgf000086_0001
Method 9
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-26
Figure imgf000086_0002
1-26
To a solution of 1-6 (800 mg, 2.6 mmol) in THF (40 mL) is added R-8 (650 mg, 3.0 mmol), tri-n-octyl phosphine (3.0 g, 8.0 mmol), and ADDP (Ι, - (azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine) (2.1 g, 8.2 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 48 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is partitioned between saturated aqueous NH4C1 and EtOAc. The organics are washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 30 EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-24 (1.1 g, 84%) m/z 506.1 [M+H].
The following intermediates are prepared in similar fashion:
Figure imgf000087_0001
Figure imgf000088_0001
A solution of 1-21 (260 mg, 0.52 mmol) in 1 : 1 dioxane/water (8 mL) is treated with LiOH (120 mg, 5.0 mmol). The mixture is heated at reflux for 2 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is acidified to pH = 4 with 2M aqueous HC1, extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in DMF (4 mL) and treated with pyridine (80 uL, 1.0 mmol) and Boc anhydride (80 mg, 1.0 mmol). The solution is stirred for 10 min then ammonium bicarbonate (95 mg, 1.2 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred for 16 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is partitioned between EtOAc and saturated aqueous NH4CI. The organics are washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 20-80 EtOAc in Hep, then 20 MeOH in CH2C12) to give 1-29 (180 mg, 75%) m/z 475.0 [M+H].
To a stirred solution of 1-29 (180 mg, 0.38 mmol) in CH2C12 (3 mL) is added TFA (2 mL). The solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHC03 and EtOAc. The organics are collected, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-30 (130 mg, 92%) m/z 375.0 [M+H].
The following intermediates were prepared in similar fashion:
Figure imgf000089_0001
Figure imgf000090_0001
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
Method 11
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-41
Figure imgf000092_0002
To a solution of R-9 (5.00 g, 23.6 mmol) in THF (50 mL) is added a 60% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (1.41 g, 35.1 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 5 min at ambient temperature then diethyl carbonate (5.7 mL, 47.4 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 30 min at ambient temperature then heated at reflux for 2 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then partitioned between saturated aqueous NH4C1 and EtOAc. The organics are collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 70%EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-40 (6.2 g, 93%) m/z 285.1 [M+H].
To a cold (0° C) solution of 1-40 (5.2 g, 18.3 mmol) in CH2C12 (46 mL) is added S02C12 (1.5 mL, 18.3 mmol). The mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 30 min then treated with water, extracted with CH2CI2, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-41 (quant) mJz 318.9 [M+H].
Method 12
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-43
Figure imgf000093_0001
A solution of 1-15 (400 mg, 1.48 mmol) and 1-41 (943 mg, 2.96 mmol) in -PrOH (15 mL) is treated with pyridine (0.36 mL, 4.44 mmol). The mixture is heated at 60° C for 3 days then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 40 EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-42 (240 mg, 30%) m/z 535.2 [M+H].
A solution of 1-42 (240 mg, 0.45 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL), THF (1 mL), and 5M aqueous NaOH (0.5 mL) is heated at 60° C for 3 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then acidified to pH=l with 6M aqueous HCl. The mixture is extracted with CH2CI2 then filtered through a phase separator® then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and treated with pyridine (324 mg, 4.1 mmol), Boc anhydride (327 mg, 0.45 mmol), followed by ammonium bicarbonate (215 mg, 2.72 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 3 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 5%MeOH in CH2C12). The purified material is dissolved in CH2CI2 (5 mL) and treated with 4.0M HCl in dioxane (1.1 mL). The mixture is stirred for 1 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 20%MeOH in CH2C12 containing 2.5%TEA) to give 1-43 (134 mg, 73%) m/z 405.9 [M+H].
The following compounds are made in similar fashion:
Figure imgf000094_0001
Figure imgf000095_0001
Method 13
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-46
Figure imgf000095_0002
To a solution of 1-14 (160 mg, 0.62 mmol) and 1-41 (298 mg, 0.94 mmol) in -PrOH (6.2 mL) is added pyridine (0.15 mL, 1.9 mmol). The solution is heated at 70° C for 24h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 40%EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-46 (144 mg, 44%) m/z 521.2 [M+H].
A solution of 1-46 (144 mg, 0.28 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) and 3M aqueous NaOH (2 mL) is heated at 65° C for 3 h then cooled to ambient temperature. The solid is filtered, collected, and dried then dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and treated with TBTU (71 mg, 0.22 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 15 min then treated with 7M ammonia in MeOH (7 mL). The mixture is stirred for 20 min then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is partitioned between water and EtOAc and organic s are collected and concentrated. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Hep to EtOAc). The resulting compound is dissolved in CH2CI2 (2 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The crude is partitioned between CH2CI2 and 10% (w/w) aqueous Na2CC>3 and CH2CI2. The organics are collected and filtered through a phase separator® to afford after removal of the volatiles 1-47 (58 mg, 53%) m/z 392.1 [M+H].
Method 14
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-51
Figure imgf000096_0001
A solution of 1-20 (500 mg, 2.1 mmol) and methyl propriolate (0.35 mL, 4.1 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) is heated at 65° C for 4 h. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo then dissolved in diphenyl ether (2 mL) and heated at 200° C for 1 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to EtOAc) to give 1-48 (317 mg, 50%) m/z 310.2 [M+H].
To a solution of 1-48 (317 mg, 1.0 mmol) and p-TsOH Pyr (461 mg, 2.1 mmol) in CH2CI2 (5 mL) is added NIS (461 mg, 2.1 mmol). The mixture is stirred in the dark at ambient temperature for 24 h. The mixture is treated with saturated aqueous Na2SC>3 then filtered through a phase separator. The organics are collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 80%EtOAc in Hep) to afford 1-49 (339 mg, 76%) m/z 436.0 [M+H].
A mixture of 1-49 (339 mg, 0.78 mmol), 4-phenoxylphenylboronic acid (333 mg, 1.56 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (90 mg, 0.078 mmol), and K3PO4 (827 mg, 3.89 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) is heated at 100° C in the microwave for 45 min. The mixture is cooled and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 80%EtOAc in Hep) to afford 1-50 (302 mg, 81 %) m/z 478.2 [M+H].
A solution of 1-50 (372 mg, 0.78 mmol) in MeOH (1.5 mL), THF (1 mL), and 3M aqueous NaOH (3 mL) is heated at ambient temperature for 20 h then acidified to pH=5 with concentrated aqueous HCl. The volatiles are removed in vacuo and residue triturated with a mixture of CH2C12 and MTBE. The solid is filtered, collected, and dried. The solid is dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and treated with pyridine (0.1 mL, 1.2 mmol), Boc anhydride (69 mg, 0.87 mmol), followed by ammonium bicarbonate (96 mg, 1.2 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 16 h then partitioned between water and CH2C12. The mixture is filtered through a phase separator® and organics are concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 5%MeOH in CH2C12). The purified material is dissolved in CH2C12 (2 mL) and treated with 4.0M HCl in dioxane (4 mL). The mixture is stirred for 2 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by trituration with MTBE:EtOAc to give 1-51 (75 mg, 22%) m/z 393.1 [M+H].
The following intermediate is prepared in similar fashion:
Figure imgf000098_0002
Method 15
Synthesis of Intermediate 1-54
Figure imgf000098_0001
I-53
To a solution of 1-9 (1.50 g, 5.4 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) is added sodium hydride (60%dispersion in mineral oil, 0.26 g, 6.5 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then I-l (2.39 g, 6.5 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 70 ° C for 18 h then cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and water then organics are collected, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 70 EtOAc in Hep) to afford 1-53 (1.2 g, 47%) m/z 472.2 [M+H].
A solution of 1-53 (1.00 g, 2.2 mmol) in AcOH (5 mL) and Concentrated aqueous HCl (1 mL) is heated at 90° C for 10 h. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then poured into ice. The mixture is basified to pH 9-10 by addition of ammonium hydroxide then extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by RHPLC to afford 1-54 (0.39 g, 48%) m/z 390.1 [M+H].
The following intermediates are prepared in similar fashion:
Figure imgf000099_0001
Figure imgf000100_0001
Method 16
Synthesis of Example 9
Figure imgf000101_0001
To a solution of 1-7 (2.00 g, 7.5 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) is added Cs2C03 (4.9 g, 15 mmol) and 1-3 (4.0 g, 11 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 60° C for 24 h then cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organics are collected, washed with water, dried over MgS04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, Hep to 30 EtOAc in Hep) to afford 1-59 (2.10 g, 62%) m/z 445.0 [M+H].
To a solution of 1-59 (7.00 g, 15.6 mmol) in 1 : 1 dioxane: water (50 mL) is added LiOH (3.00 g, 125 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is acidified with aqueous 2 N HC1 to pH = 4 then diluted with EtOAc, washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in DMF (30 mL) and treated with Boc anhydride (2.22 g, 28 mmol) followed by ammonium bicarbonate (2.21 g, 28 mmol) and pyridine (2.2 mL, 28 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 16 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is partitioned between EtOAc and saturated aqueous NH4C1 then organics are collected, washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 20-80 EtOAc in Hep, then 20 MeOH in CH2C12) to afford 1-60 (3.8 g, 61%) m/z 421.0 [M+H]
To a solution of 4-benzylphenylboronic acid pinacol ester (47 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DME (1 mL) is added a solution of 1-19 (45 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DME (1 mL). To this solution is added aqueous 1 M K2C03 (1 mL) and SiliaCat DPP-Pd (50 mg, 0.01 mmol). The mixture is heated at 100° C for 16 h then concentrated in vacuo. The crude was purified by RHPLC to afford a residue that is dissolved in DCE and treated with 4.0M HC1 in dioxane (0.5 mL). The mixture is stirred for 16 h then volatiles are removed in vacuo. To the residue is added a solution of acrylic acid (7.7 mg, 0.11 mmol), EDC (23 mg, 0.12 mmol), and DIEA (35 uL, 0.20 mmol) in DMA (0.8 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred for 4 h then volatiles were removed in vacuo to afford a residue that was purified by RHPLC to afford example 9 (12 mg, 26%).
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
Examples 1-8, 10-27, 94-96
Method 17
Synthesis of Example 28
Figure imgf000103_0001
Ex 28
To a solution of 1-30 (75 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added DIEA (0.3 mL), TBTU (96 mg, 0.30 mmol), and acrylic acid (22 mg, 0.30 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature then treated with water. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (30 to 90%EtOAc in Hep) to give example 28 (36 mg, 42%).
The following compounds are prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 29, 33, 39, 42, 45, 47, 55, 88
Method 18
Synthesis of Example 38
Figure imgf000104_0001
I-32
Ex 38
To a solution of 1-32 (70 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) is added DIEA (1 mL), TBTU (116 mg, 0.36 mmol), and R-10 (17 mg, 0.20 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature then treated with water. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to give example 38 (38 mg, 46%).
The following compounds are prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 31, 32, 43, 48, 49, 56
Method 19
Synthesis of Example 37
Figure imgf000105_0001
To a solution of 1-32 (25 mg, 0.064 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added DIEA (0.4 mL), TBTU (32 mg, 0.080 mmol), and R-11 (10 mg, 0.080 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature then treated with water. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 30 to 70%EtOAc in Hep) to give example 37 (5 mg, 16%).
The following compounds are prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 30, 36
Method 20
Synthesis of Example 40
Figure imgf000106_0001
1-32
Ex 40
To a solution of 1-32 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in CH2C12 (2 mL) is added EDC (60 mg, 0.31 mmol) followed by acrylic acid (22 mg, 0.31 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h then directly purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 5 MeOH in CH2C12) to give example 40 (15 mg, 13%).
The following compounds were made in similar fashion:
Examples 86, 89 (R-10 used instead of acrylic acid)
Method 21
Synthesis of Example 60
Figure imgf000107_0001
To a solution of 1-60 (43 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DME (2 mL) is added R-12 (65 mg, 0.18 mmol), SiliaCat DPP-Pd (50 mg, 0.01 mmol), and potassium carbonate (500 mg). The mixture is heated at 140° C in a microwave for 2 h then concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0 to 4 MeOH in CH2C12) to give 1-61 (38 mg, 72%) m/z 519.2 [M+H].
1-61 (38 mg, 0.073 mmol) is dissolved in CH2C12 (2 mL) and treated with 4.0M HCl in dioxane (3 mL). The mixture is stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature then volatiles are removed in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in CH2C12 (2 mL) and treated with acrylic acid (5 mg, 0.073 mmol) and EDC (14 mg, 0.073 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature then partitioned between water and CH2CI2. The mixture is filtered through a phase separator® and organics are collected and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (S1O2, CH2CI2 to 8 MeOH in CH2CI2) to give example 60 (13 mg, 57%).
The following compound was made in similar fashion:
Example 61
Method 22
Synthesis of Example 72
Figure imgf000108_0001
A flask is charged with 1-60 (4.0 g, 9.5 mmol), 4-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (1.9 g, 14 mmol), bis(di-ieri-butyl(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphine)dichloropalladium(II) (0.67 g, 0.95 mmol), potassium carbonate (2.5 g, 18 mmol) and treated with DMF (40 mL) and water (10 mL). The mixture is heated in the microwave at 140° C for 90 min. The mixture is cooled to ambient temperature then treated with saturated aqueous NH4C1, extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 20 to 50% EtOAc in Hep) to give 1-62 (2.0 g, 54%) m/z [M+H].
To a solution of 1-62 (90 mg, 0.23 mmol) in CH2C12 (7 mL) is added 3-tolylboronic acid (95 mg, 0.70 mmol), Cu(OAc)2 (300 mg), pyridine (1 mL), TEA (1 mL), and molecular sieves (4A). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature open to air for 12 h. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel pad and volatiles from the filtrate are removed in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford 1-63 (61 mg, 55%) m/z 477.1 [M+H].
To a solution of 1-63 (55 mg, 0.115 mmol) in CH2C12 (3 mL) is added TFA (1 mL). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h then treated with saturated aqueous Na2CC>3. The layers are separated and volatiles from the organics are removed in vacuo to afford a residue. The residue is dissolved in DMF (4 mL) and treated with acrylic acid (0.6 mL) and EDC (38 mg, 0.25 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature 12 h then directly purified by RHPLC to give example 72 (17 mg, 34%).
The following compounds are prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 62-71, 73-76
Method 23
Synthesis of Example 90
Figure imgf000110_0001
To a solution of 1-31 (0.20 g, 0.55 mmol) in DMA (3 mL) is added DIEA (0.15 mL, 0.86 mmol) and R-13 (0.12 g, 0.71 mmol). The mixture is heated at 50 ° C for 18 h then cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture is partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organics are collected, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford 1-64 (0.15 g, 62%) m/z 447.1 [M+H].
To a solution of 1-64 (70 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added TBTU (60 mg, 0.19 mmol) and DIEA (0.06 mL, 0.19 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with a 2.0M solution of methylamine in THF (0.24 mL, 0.47 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h then treated with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford example 90 (7 mg, 10%). Method 24
Synthesis of Example 93
Figure imgf000111_0001
1-31 Ex 93
To a solution of 1-31 (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in CH2C12 (5 mL) is added TBTU (91 mg, 0.28 mmol) and R-14 (prepared according to /. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 2719-2734, 70 mg, 0.41 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature over night then filtered and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 10 MeOH with 1% ammonium hydroxide) to give example 93 (58 mg, 41%).
Method 25
Synthesis of Example 58
Figure imgf000112_0001
Ex 58
To a solution of 1-47 (29 mg, 0.074 mmol) in CH2C12 (2 mL) is added EDC (92 mg, 0.38 mmol) and R-10 (20 mg, 0.24 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h then partitioned between water and CH2C12. The mixture is filtered through a phase separator® and organics are collected and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 20 to 100%EtOAc in Hep) to give example 58 (23 mg, 68%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion:
Examples 78, 85, 52, 53
Method 26
Synthesis of Example 79
Figure imgf000113_0001
1-43
Ex 79
To a solution of 1-43 (65 mg, 0.16 mmol) in CH2C12 (2 mL) is added EDC (37 mg, 0.19 mmol) followed by acrylic acid (14 mg, 0.19 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h then directly purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 5 MeOH in CH2C12) to give example 79 (14 mg, 19%).
The following compounds were made in similar fashion:
Examples 34, 50, 51, 57, 84
Method 27
Synthesis of Example 77
Figure imgf000114_0001
A solution of morpholine (35 mg, 0.4 mmol), (E)-4-bromo-but-2-enoic acid (79 mg, 0.48 mmol), and Hunig's base (0.21 mL, 1.2 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is stirred for 18 h. To this mixture is added EDC (71 mg, 0.37 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with 1-54 (120 mg, 0.31 mmol) and stirred for 18 h. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride is added (4 mL) and mixture is extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated, and then purified by preparative TLC (Si02, 30 MeOH in EtOAc) to provide example 77 (64 mg, 38%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion:
Examples 98-100
Method 28
Synthesis of Example 80
Figure imgf000114_0002
To a solution of 1-57 (200 mg, 0.51 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is treated with DIEA (150 mg, 1.1 mmol), EDC (130 mg, 0.67 mmol), followed by acrylic acid (0.05 mL, 0.67 mmol). The solution is stirred for 16 h then treated with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture is extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, EtOAc to 10 MeOH in EtOAc) to afford example 80 (52 mg, 23%).
The following compounds are prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 35, 44, 54, 81, 82
Method 29
Synthesis of Example 41
Figure imgf000115_0001
Ex 41
To a solution of 1-53 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is added EDC (54 mg, 0.28 mmol) and R-10 (23 mg, 0.28 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h then partitioned between saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and EtOAc. The organics are collected, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, EtOAc to 10%MeOH in EtOAc) to give example 41 (24 mg, 21%). The following compounds are prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 83, 91, 92
Method 30
Synthesis of Example 87
Figure imgf000116_0001
To a solution of the bis HCl salt of 1-51 (55 mg, 0.12 mmol) in CH2C12 (1.7 mL) is added TEA (29 mg, 0.29 mmol), EDC (34 mg, 0.17 mmol), and R-10 (15 mg, 0.17 mmol). The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h then partitioned between water and CH2C12 then filtered through a phase separator®. The organics are collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, CH2C12 to 45 MeOH in CH2C12) to afford example 87 (25 mg, 46%).
The following compounds were prepared in similar fashion:
Examples 59, 46 (acrylic acid used instead of R-10)
Method 31
Synthesis of Example 97
Figure imgf000117_0001
1-69 Ex 97
To a suspension of NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 160 mg, 4.0 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) is added 1-9 (0.93 g, 3.35 mmol). After 5 min of stirring, a solution of 1-67 (1.28 g, 3.35 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) is added. The mixture is heated at 70 °C overnight then cooled to ambient temperature and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organics are collected and washed with water and brine, dried, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-70% EtOAc in Heptane) to afford 1-68 (0.59 g, 37%) mJz 486.7 [M+H].
1-68 (0.59 g, 1.22 mmol) is diluted with EtOH (1 mL) and water (0.5 mL) and Hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid kP) [hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-kP)] platinum (II) (0.07 g, 0.163 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 80 °C overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in CH2CI2 then filtered and concentrated to afford 1-69 (0.28 g, 45%) m/z 504.7 [M+H].
1-69 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) is dissolved in CH2C12 (0.8 mL) and TFA (0.08 mL). The mixture is stirred for 3 h then partitioned between CH2C12 and aqueous saturated NaHCC>3. Organics are combined and concentrated to give a residue that is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of acrylic acid (10 \L, 0.13 mmol), EDC (3.5 mg, 0.18 mmol), and Hunig's base (70 \L, 0.38 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02) to afford example 97 (5 mg, 88%).
Method 32
Synthesis of Example 101
Figure imgf000119_0001
To a solution of 3-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (100 g, 0.9 mol) in DMF (1 L) is added NBS (197.5 g, 1.1 mol) and mixture is stirred for 10 h at ambient temperature. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo then dissolved in EtOAc and washed with brine (8 x). The organics are collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-70 (50 g, 29%) m/z 187.0 [M+].
A vial is charged with 1-70 (1.0 g, 5.35 mmol), 2-phenoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- [l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine (2.07 g, 6.95 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.62 g, 0.535 mmol) and dissolved in aqueous potassium carbonate (10 mL, 2.0 M) and DME (6 mL). The mixture is heated at 130 °C for 3 h in a microwave. The mixture is filtered then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-100%EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-71 (1.18 g, 80%) m/z 278.0 [M+H].
Sodium hydride (60%dispersion in mineral oil, 100 mg, 2.5 mmol) is added to a solution of 1-71 (530 mg, 1.9 mmol) in DMF (7.5 mL). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with 1-1 (840 mg, 2.3 mmol) and heated at 70 °C for 18 h. The solution is cooled to ambient temperature then partitioned between EtOAc and water. Organics are collected, dried, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-100 EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-72 (310 mg, 35%) m/z 473.2 [M+H]. 1-72 (0.31 g, 0.66 mmol) is diluted with EtOH (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) and Hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid kP) [hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-kP)] platinum (II) (28 mg, 0.066 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 80 °C overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in CH2CI2 then filtered and concentrated to afford a residue that is dissolved in TFA (5 mL) and stirred for 3 h at ambient temperature then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in MeOH and passed through an Agilent Stratospheres PL-HC03 MP SPE cartridge and concentrated in vacuo to afford I- 73 (0.25 g, 98%) m/z 391.2 [M+H].
1-73 (110 mg, 0.28 mmol) is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of acrylic acid (21\L, 0.13 mmol) and EDC (65 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 10%MeOH in EtOAc) to afford example 101 (32 mg, 26%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion: Examples 102-103, 110
Method 33
Synthesis of Example 122
Figure imgf000121_0001
Ex 122
To a solution of 1-71 (1.1 g, 3.97 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) is added NaH (60 dispersion in mineral oil, 190 mg, 4.76 mmol). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with 1-4 (1.82 g, 4.76 mmol) and heated at 70 °C for 18 h. The mixture is cooled then partitioned between EtOAc and water. Organics are collected, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0- 80 EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-74 (520 mg, 27%) m/z 487.3 [M+H] and 1-75 (500 mg, 26%) m/z 487.3 [M+H].
1-74 (250 mg, 0.514 mmol) is diluted with EtOH (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) and Hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid kP) [hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-kP)] platinum (II) (22 mg, 0.051 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 80 °C overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in CH2C12 then filtered and concentrated to afford a residue that is dissolved in TFA (5 mL) and stirred for 3 h at ambient temperature then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in MeOH and passed through an Agilent Stratospheres PL-HC03 MP SPE cartridge and concentrated in vacuo to afford I- 76 (0.206 g, 98%) m/z 405.3 [M+H].
1-76 (254 mg, 0.63 mmol) is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of R-10 (69 mg, 0.82 mmol) and EDC (144 mg, 0.75 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 10%MeOH in EtOAc) to afford example 122 (48 mg, 16%). The following compounds are made in similar fashion:
Examples 114, 117-120, 123, 150-152
Method 34
Synthesis of Example 104
Figure imgf000123_0001
A vial is charged with 1-70 (0.50 g, 2.67 mmol), 4-isopropoxyboronic acid (0.58 g, 3.21 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.43 g, 0.37 mmol) and dissolved in aqueous potassium carbonate (4 mL, 2.0 M) and DME (3 mL). The mixture is heated at 130 °C for 3 h in a microwave. The mixture is filtered then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-80 EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-77 (0.473 g, 73%) m/z 243.5 [M+H].
Sodium hydride (60%dispersion in mineral oil, 55 mg, 1.37 mmol) is added to a solution of 1-77 (300 mg, 1.24 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with 1-1 (550 mg, 1.47 mmol) and heated at 70 °C for 18 h. The solution is cooled to ambient temperature then partitioned between EtOAc and water. Organics are collected, dried, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-100%EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-78 (200 mg, 37%) m/z 438.6 [M+H].
1-78 (190 mg, 0.43 mmol) is diluted with EtOH (4 mL) and water (2 mL) and Hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid kP) [hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-kP)] platinum (II) (11 mg, 0.026 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 80 °C overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in CH2CI2 then filtered and concentrated to afford a residue that is dissolved in CH2CI2 (5 mL) and TFA (1 mL) and stirred overnight at ambient temperature then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in MeOH and passed through an Agilent Stratospheres PL-HC03 MP SPE cartridge and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-79 (110 mg, 71%). 1-79 (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) and acrylic acid (10 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) is treated with HATU (88 mg, 0.17 mmol) and Hunig's base (60 , 0.34 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford example 105 (25 mg, 54%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion: Examples 104, 106-109, 111-113, 115-116, 124, 133, 134-136, 138-139, 141-144, 147- 149, 166
Method 35
Figure imgf000125_0001
Figure imgf000125_0002
A vial is charged with 1-70 (0.45 g, 2.41 mmol), 4-n-propoxyboronic acid (0.48 g, 2.65 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.28 g, 0.24 mmol) and dissolved in aqueous potassium carbonate (4.8 mL, 2.0 M) and dioxane (2 mL). The mixture is heated at 130 °C overnight. The mixture is filtered then diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0-6 MeOH in CH2C12) to give 1-80 (0.400 g, 69%) m/z 242.4 [M+].
Sodium hydride (60%dispersion in mineral oil, 33 mg, 0.82 mmol) is added to a solution of 1-80 (200 mg, 0.74 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with 1-6 (318 mg, 0.82 mmol) and heated at 70 °C for 18 h. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 35%EtOAc in heptanes) to give 1-81 (130 mg, 39%) m/z 452.9 [M+H].
1-81 (130 mg, 0.29 mmol) is diluted with EtOH (1.5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) and Hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid kP) [hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-kP)] platinum (II) (13 mg, 0.029 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 80 °C overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in EtOAc then filtered and concentrated to afford a residue that is dissolved in CH2CI2 (1 mL) and TFA (1 mL) and stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in MeOH and passed through an Agilent Stratospheres PL-HC03 MP SPE cartridge and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-82 (80 mg, 84%).
1-82 (130 mg, 0.35 mmol) is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of acrylic acid (30 mg, 0.42 mmol) and EDC (81 mg, 0.42 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford example 125 (30 mg, 20%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion:
Examples 130, 132, 145-146, 153, 155-156, 159, 162-163, 165 Method 36
Synthesis of Example 126
Figure imgf000127_0001
Figure imgf000127_0002
Sodium hydride (60 dispersion in mineral oil, 80 mg, 2.02 mmol) is added to a solution of 1-80 (445 mg, 1.84 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). The mixture is stirred for 5 min then treated with 1-4 (770 mg, 2.02 mmol) and heated at 70 °C for 18 h. The mixture is diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, extracted with EtOAc, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Si02, 0- 6 MeOH in CH2C12) to give 1-81 (200 mg, 24%) and 1-84 (300 mg, 36%) m/z 452.5 [M+H].
1-84 (300 mg, 0.66 mmol) is diluted with EtOH (1.5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) and Hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid kP) [hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-kP)] platinum (II) (28 mg, 0.066 mmol) is added. The mixture is heated at 80 °C for 72 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in EtOAc then filtered and concentrated to afford a residue that is dissolved in CH2C12 (1 mL) and TFA (1 mL) and stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature then concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in MeOH and passed through an Agilent Stratospheres PL-HC03 MP SPE cartridge and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-85 (270 mg).
1-85 (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of acrylic acid (19 mg, 0.26 mmol) and EDC (50 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford example 126 (7 mg, 8%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion: Examples 131 Method 37
Synthesis of Example 140
Figure imgf000128_0001
1-82 (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of R-10 (24 mg, 0.28 mmol) and EDC (50 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford example 140 (14 mg, 15%). The following compounds are made in similar fashion: Example 128, 137, 154, 157-158, 160-161, 164, 167-168 Method 38
Synthesis of Example 127
Figure imgf000129_0001
1-85 (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) is treated with a prestirred (15 min) solution of R-10 (21 mg, 0.25 mmol) and EDC (44 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL). The mixture is stirred overnight then diluted with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with EtOAc. The organics are combined, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by RHPLC to afford example 127 (13 mg, 16%).
The following compounds are made in similar fashion: Example 129
Description of Biological Properties
BTK Assay
An HTRF assay (Cisbio KinEASE-TK cat # 62TK0PEC) was performed to quantitate the ability of test compounds to inhibit BTK mediated phosphorylation of substrate. Assays were assembled in 384 well plates where 6nM of full-length human His-tagged BTK (Life Technologies cat # PV3587) and test compound at varying concentrations were preincubated for 15 minutes at 28°C. Then, luM of TK substrate-biotin and 30uM ATP were added and incubated for an additional 30 minutes at 28°C. Phospohrylation was detected by adding 62.5nM Streptavidin-XL665 and TK- Antibody Cryptate diluted 1: 100 in HTRF detection buffer (Cisbio cat # 62SDBRDF) and incubated for 60 minutes at RT. The plate was read on an Envision plate reader and the fluorescence is measured at 620nm (cryptate) and 665nm (XL665). A ratio is calculated (665/620) and converted to POC relative to control and blank wells.
Assay buffer:
50mM HEPES (Invitrogen #15630),0.01 Brij-35 (sigma #B4184), lOmM MgC12 (Sigma Ml 028), ImM EGTA (Ambion AM9262) and lOOuM sodium orthovanedate ( Sigma S6508), ImM DTT (Sigma D5545) and lOnM supplement enzyme buffer (Cisbio cat# 61SEBALB). Preferred compounds for the treatment of autoimmune disorders exhibit selective inhibition of BTK over other kinases such as EGFR. The compounds described herein show a range of selectivities against EGFR as measured in cellular assays (BTK activity measured by CD69 expression in primary CD19+ cells; EGFR activity measured by EGFR phosphorylation in A431 cells). See Table II.
Table II
Figure imgf000130_0001
165 10 3700
107 8.2 4200
28 9 4700
163 15 5200
112 41 5800
113 24 6300
115 7.8 6400
40 20 >10000
106 30 >10000
158 58 >10000
Inhibition of B-cell activation measured by CD69 expression
Primary CD 19 cells were purified from healthy frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (AllCells, Emeryville, CA) and negatively selected by magnetic separation, >97% purity ( Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, CA). Cells were collected and plated in a 96 flat bottom plate at a concentration of 2xl05/well in RPMI media containing 10% FBS, rested for 1 hour at 37°c. Cells were treated with inhibitor in duplicates or vehicle control in 1 % DMSO final concentration for 1 hour at 37°c, 5% C02. Cells were then stimulated with 12.5ug/ml Goat F(ab')2 anti-human IgD (SouthernBiotech, Birmingham, AL) for 18-24 hours at 37 °C, 5% C02. Cells were collected and stained for APC-CD19, clone HIB19 and PE-CD69, clone FN50 (antibodies purchased from BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA). B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using a BD LSRII or BD FACsCanto Flow Cytometer. Viable cells were gated, and CD69 percentage was determined using FlowJo software.
Inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation in A431 human epithelial cells stimulated with epithelial growth factor
A431cells (ATCC # CRL-1555 FZ) are thawed and plated in DMEM containing 10% FBS in a 384- well tissue culture treated plate at 15,000 cells/well. After incubating for 24 hours at 37 °C, 5 % C02, the cells are treated with test compound (1% DMSO final concentration) and incubated for 16 hours at 37 °C, 5 % C02. EGF (Millipore, 01-107) is added at a final concentration of 60 ng/mL and incubated for 10 minutes. The medium is removed, the cells are lysed, and phospho EGFR is measured (Meso Scale Diagnostics, N31CB-1).
Therapeutic Use
On the basis of their biological properties the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention, or their tautomers, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, mixtures thereof and the salts of all the above-mentioned forms are suitable for treating autoimmune and allergic disorders in that they exhibit good inhibitory effect upon BTK.
Such diseases include for example: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythromatosis, scleroderma, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic eczema, B cell lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft versus host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and
uveitis.
The compounds of formula (I) may be used on their own or in combination with other active substances according to the invention, optionally also in combination with other pharmacologically active substances.
Suitable preparations include for example tablets, capsules, suppositories, solutions - particularly solutions for injection (s.c, i.v., i.m.) and infusion - elixirs, emulsions or dispersible powders. The content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.1 to 90 wt.- , preferably 0.5 to 50 wt.- of the composition as a whole, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range specified below. The doses specified may, if necessary, be given several times a day. Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing the active substance(s) with known excipients, for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate. The tablets may also comprise several layers.
Coated tablets may be prepared accordingly by coating cores produced analogously to the tablets with substances normally used for tablet coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar. To achieve delayed release or prevent incompatibilities the core may also consist of a number of layers. Similarly the tablet coating may consist of a number of layers to achieve delayed release, possibly using the excipients mentioned above for the tablets.
Syrups or elixirs containing the active substances or combinations thereof according to the invention may additionally contain a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar and a flavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract. They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
Solutions for injection and infusion are prepared in the usual way, e.g. with the addition of isotonic agents, preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates, or stabilisers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, whilst if water is used as the diluent, for example, organic solvents may optionally be used as solvating agents or dissolving aids, and transferred into injection vials or ampoules or infusion bottles. Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations of active substances may for example be prepared by mixing the active substances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol and packing them into gelatine capsules.
Suitable suppositories may be made for example by mixing with carriers provided for this purpose such as neutral fats or polyethyleneglycol or the derivatives thereof.
Excipients which may be used include, for example, water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g. lignin, spent sulphite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate).
The preparations are administered by the usual methods, preferably by oral or transdermal route, most preferably by oral route. For oral administration the tablets may of course contain, apart from the above-mentioned carriers, additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additives such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatine and the like. Moreover, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc may be used at the same time for the tabletting process. In the case of aqueous suspensions the active substances may be combined with various flavour enhancers or colourings in addition to the excipients mentioned above.
For parenteral use, solutions of the active substances with suitable liquid carriers may be used. The dosage for intravenous use is from 1 - 1000 mg per hour, preferably between 5 and 500 mg per hour.
However, it may sometimes be necessary to depart from the amounts specified, depending on the body weight, the route of administration, the individual response to the drug, the nature of its formulation and the time or interval over which the drug is administered. Thus, in some cases it may be sufficient to use less than the minimum dose given above, whereas in other cases the upper limit may have to be exceeded. When administering large amounts it may be advisable to divide them up into a number of smaller doses spread over the day.
All patent and non-patent documents or literature cited in this application are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Claims

Claims
1. A compound of the formula (I)
Figure imgf000136_0001
wherein
Figure imgf000136_0002
Ri is N(R3)2 or hydrogen;
Cy is aryl or heteroaryl each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by halogen, halo C1-4 alkyl, Ci_4 alkyl and Ci_4 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar, Ci_6 alkyl and Ci_6 alkoxy, each Ar, Ci_6 alkyl and Ci_6 alkoxy are optionally substituted by halogen, halo Ci_4 alkyl, CM alkyl, R3-S(0)m-, -CN, -C(0)-N(R3)2 or Ci_4 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -(CH2)n-, -0-(CH2)n-, -N(R3)-, -N(R3)-(CH2)n- , -(CH2)n-N(R3)-, -C(0)-N(R3)-, -C(0)-N(R3)-(CH2)n-,-N(R3)-C(0)-N(R3)-, -N(R3)-C(0)-, -S(0)m-N(R3)- and -N(R3)-S(0)m-, wherein the -CH2- in each L can have 1-2 hydrogens replaced by Ci_3 alkyl, said Ci_3 alkyl groups can optionally cyclize to form a C3_6 cycloalkyl ring; Ar is carbocycle, heterocycyl or heteroaryl;
Xi is a linker chosen from a bond, -(CH2)n-;
Y is chosen from C7-C10 spirocycle optionally containing 0-1 ring nitrogen atoms, a nitrogen containing mono- or bi-cyclic heterocycle, carbocycle, aryl, each substituted by one R4;
Figure imgf000137_0001
each n is independently 1-4;
each m is independently 0-2;
each R3 is independently chosen from hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl; each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkylCi-4 alkoxy, -(CH2)n-heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by halogen, OH or R3-S(0)m-;
each group defined above for Cy, R1-R5, Xi and Y can be where possible partially or fully halogenated;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound according to claim 1 and wherein
A ring is:
Figure imgf000138_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The compound according to claim 2 and wherein
Cy is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or C1-4 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar and C1-3 alkoxy, each Ar and C1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C1-4 alkyl, R3-S(0)2-, -CN, -C(0)-NH(R3) or d_3 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH2-, -0-CH2-, -NH-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH2-,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(R3)-S(0)m-;
Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or pyrrolidinyl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. The compound according to claim 3 and wherein Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl, each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or
Ci_2 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar and C1-3 alkoxy, each Ar and C1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C1-4 alkyl, CH3-S(0)2-, -CN, -C(0)-NH(R3) or Ci_2 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH2-, -0-CH2-, -NH-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH2-,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(R3)-S(0)m-;
Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl or piperidinyl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. The compound according to claim 4 and wherein
Cy is phenyl or pyridinyl, each is substituted by R2 and optionally substituted by F, CI or C1-2 alkoxy;
R2 is chosen from:
L-Ar and C1-3 alkoxy, each Ar and C1-3 alkoxy are optionally substituted by F, CI, C1-4 alkyl, CH3-S(0)2-, -CN, -C(0)-NH(CH3) or Ci_2 alkoxy;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, >C(0), -CH2-, -0-CH2-, -NH-, -NH-CH2-, -CH2-NH-, -C(0)-NH-CH2-,-NH-C(0)-NH- and -N(H)-S(0)2-;
Ar is phenyl, pyridinyl, benzoxazolyl or piperidinyl
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6. The compound according to claim 5 and wherein
Xi is a linker chosen from a bond and -(CH2)n-;
Y is chosen from:
Figure imgf000139_0001
a heterocycle chosen from piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl;
and phenyl each heterocycle or phenyl substituted by one
Figure imgf000140_0001
each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, halo C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkylCi_3 alkoxy, -CH2-heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by F, CI, OH and CH3-S(0)2- and each heterocycle chosen from pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl and 1 ,4-oxazepane,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. The compound according to claim 6 and wherein
Xi is a linker chosen from a bond and -(CH2)n-;
Y is chosen from:
Figure imgf000140_0002
a heterocycle chosen from piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl;
and phenyl each heterocycle or phenyl substituted by one
Figure imgf000140_0003
X3 = halogen or hydrogen,
Figure imgf000141_0001
each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, -CF3, C1-3 alkylCi_3 alkoxy, - CH2-heterocycle and heterocycle each heterocycle optionally substituted by F, CI, OH and CH3-S(0)2- and each heterocycle chosen from pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl and 1 ,4-oxazepane, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. The compound according to claim 1 and wherein
Figure imgf000141_0002
Figure imgf000142_0001
Figure imgf000143_0001
Figure imgf000144_0001
10. The compound according to claim 9 and wherein
Figure imgf000145_0001
or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. The compound according to claim 9 and wherein
Figure imgf000145_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The compound according to claim 9 and wherein
Figure imgf000145_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. The compound according to claim 9 and wherein
A ring is:
Figure imgf000146_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
14. The compound according to claim 2 and wherein R2 is
L-Ar;
L is a linker chosen from a bond, O, and -0-(CH2)n-;
n is 1-3;
Ar is carbocycle or heterocycle.
15. The compound according to claim 14 and wherein
Ar is C3_5 cycloalkyl or tetrahydrofuranyl;
n = 1.
16. The
L-Ar is
Figure imgf000146_0002
17. The compound according to claim 2 and wherein R2 is:
Figure imgf000146_0003
, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2CH3, -OCH3 -OCF3 or -OCH2CF3.
18. A compound chosen from:
Figure imgf000147_0001
Figure imgf000148_0001
Figure imgf000149_0001
Figure imgf000150_0001
148
Figure imgf000151_0001
149
Figure imgf000152_0001
Figure imgf000153_0001
Figure imgf000154_0001
Figure imgf000155_0001
153
Figure imgf000156_0001
Figure imgf000157_0001
Figure imgf000158_0001
156
Figure imgf000159_0001
Figure imgf000160_0001
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
19. A compound chosen from:
Figure imgf000160_0002
Figure imgf000161_0001
Figure imgf000162_0001
160
Figure imgf000163_0001
161
Figure imgf000164_0001
162
Figure imgf000165_0001
163
Figure imgf000166_0001
164
Figure imgf000167_0001
165
Figure imgf000168_0001
Figure imgf000169_0001
167
Figure imgf000170_0001
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
21. A method of treating a disease chosen from rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythromatosis, scleroderma, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic eczema, B cell lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft versus host disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis, comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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