WO2014023237A1 - 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组 - Google Patents

一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014023237A1
WO2014023237A1 PCT/CN2013/081016 CN2013081016W WO2014023237A1 WO 2014023237 A1 WO2014023237 A1 WO 2014023237A1 CN 2013081016 W CN2013081016 W CN 2013081016W WO 2014023237 A1 WO2014023237 A1 WO 2014023237A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bracket
shaft
blade
connecting member
vertical axis
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PCT/CN2013/081016
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘少忠
张维智
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惠州市三鼎能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2014023237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014023237A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vertical axis wind turbine technology, and more particularly to a balanced vertical shaft large wind turbine.
  • Wind power generation has a history of more than 150 years. After analyzing the atmospheric circulation model, scientists found that the wind energy contained in the low-level convective air mass is very huge, and it is available to humans and is inexhaustible. One of the exhaustive renewable energy sources. Therefore, in the case of human beings facing an increasingly energy crisis, the research and development of wind power generation has become more and more significant and far-reaching. In some developed countries, such as the United States, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and other countries, wind power has played a pivotal role in its domestic power structure.
  • vertical axis wind turbines can be divided into two main types: one is a lift type vertical shaft wind power generation using the lift of the airfoil structure.
  • Machine the most typical is the Darrieus type wind turbine, and Xu
  • the manufacturing technology of multi-manufacturer vertical axis wind turbines is based on the operating principle of the airfoil structure; the other is the resistance vertical axis wind turbine, the prototype structure is the wind cup
  • the structure of the wind gauge evolved, and the principle is to use the resistance difference between the front and the back of the wind when the wind blade rotates horizontally.
  • the lift-type vertical-axis wind turbine can use up to 42% of wind energy during normal operation, but has the following drawbacks: In the low wind speed state, the force area is small, and the starting torque generated is small. Starting under natural conditions usually requires four or more winds of wind to drive, so that for large and medium wind turbines A motor-assisted starting device is required to be forced to start, which makes the structure of the whole machine complicated and costly; and the power consumption is relatively large at low wind speed gusts.
  • the wind wheel can obtain a larger starting torque; Affected by its structure, the lateral thrust is generated around the wind wheel, so that the speed of the wind wheel is low.
  • the vertical axis wind turbines in the prior art are generally suitable for medium and small power wind turbines.
  • the structure of the wind turbine blades is continuously improved, some improvements are often made. It is limited to the improvement of some aspects of some of the partial structures, and thus the vertical axis wind turbines still have the above defects, and the improvement technique is still not comprehensive enough, especially in terms of cost and deformation of the blade structure. It is still difficult to achieve a substantial breakthrough, so wind energy utilization efficiency and overall cost are still not ideal.
  • Chinese invention patent discloses a 'rail-type large vertical axis wind turbine', whose structure is mainly: The blade is a lift type blade, the blade is fixed to the blade bracket, and the blade bracket is connected to the swing system. by A more stable slewing system is used to increase the strength of the blade so that it can withstand large typhoons for large and medium-sized wind turbines.
  • the above patents have the following problems: if the lift type blade has a centrifugal force imbalance during the movement, it is easy to cause the blade to appear.
  • the phenomenon of skewing and twisting; moreover, the blade bracket and the overall structure are complicated, which makes the rail-type large vertical-axis wind turbine generator consume large materials, has high comprehensive manufacturing cost, is not easy to maintain, and is not conducive to industrial production and large-scale Promotion and application of the wind turbine market.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a stability and balance, to withstand a large typhoon, to simplify the structure, to increase the blade strength, to reduce the blade material, the overall cost is low, and the maintenance is easy. Balanced vertical axis for large wind turbines.
  • a balanced vertical axis large wind turbine comprising a permanent magnet generator and a blade drive assembly
  • the blade drive assembly comprising a wind wheel set and a vertical vertical axis swivel system, the wind wheel set being provided with two One or more The lift type blade and the corresponding two or more sets of blade brackets
  • the blade bracket includes an upper bracket, a middle bracket and a lower bracket, wherein:
  • the vertical vertical axis rotation system is provided with an upper column, a lower column and a central rotary axis mechanism;
  • the central rotary shaft mechanism is provided with a central shaft and a universal joint, the central shaft is inserted through the bearing support in the lower column, and the upper end of the central shaft is connected with the upper column, the center a lower end of the shaft is connected to one end of the universal joint, and the other end of the universal joint is drivingly connected to the permanent magnet generator shaft
  • the base of the permanent magnet generator is fixed to the base, and the lower part of the lower column is fixed to the base;
  • the upper column is fixedly disposed with a first connecting member, one end of the upper bracket is fixedly connected to the first connecting member, and the other end portion of the upper bracket is fixedly connected with an upper portion of the lift type blade;
  • One end of the middle bracket is connected to an upper end of the central shaft, and the other end of the middle bracket is fixedly connected to a middle portion of the lift type blade;
  • One end of the lower bracket is coupled to the central shaft by a second connecting member, and the other end of the lower bracket is fixedly coupled to a lower portion of the lift-type blade.
  • the upper bracket, the middle bracket, and the lower bracket are respectively disposed at an evenly spaced equidistant arrangement of the lift type blades, and the joint between the middle bracket and the lift type blade is located at a horizontal center line of the lift type blade .
  • the upper bracket, the middle bracket and the lower bracket are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the thickness of the middle bracket is greater than or equal to the thickness of the upper bracket and/or the thickness of the lower bracket.
  • the second connecting member is disposed as a second connecting member of the sleeve structure, the two ends of the second connecting member are provided with a flange portion, and the flange portion of the upper end of the second connecting member is opposite to the center
  • the shaft is connected, and the flange portion of the lower end of the second connecting member is connected to the lower bracket.
  • the vertical vertical axis slewing system is provided with a stabilizing wheel,
  • the stabilizing wheel is in contact with the lower end of the second connecting member, and the rotating portion of the stabilizing wheel is disposed beside the lower post.
  • the stabilizing wheel comprises a stabilizing wheel bracket, a roller and a bearing
  • the stabilizing wheel bracket is fixedly connected with the flange portion of the lower end of the second connecting member
  • the bearing inner ring and the stabilizing wheel bracket a bearing shaft is connected
  • the bearing outer ring is connected with the bearing hole of the roller
  • the outer circumference of the roller is separated from the lower column in a normal working condition
  • the outer circumference of the roller and the lower column are in a crosswind The situation touches.
  • the upper portion and/or the lower portion of the lift type blade is provided with an extension portion.
  • the base is configured as a tower, and a lower portion of the lower pillar is fixedly connected to the tower, and the base of the permanent magnet generator Fixed to the tower.
  • the base can also be configured as a nacelle that sinks into the ground.
  • a brake and a coupling are disposed between the universal joint and the permanent magnet generator rotating shaft, and one end of the brake and the universal joint The other end is connected, and the other end of the brake is drivingly coupled to the permanent magnet generator shaft through a coupling.
  • a balanced vertical-axis large-scale wind turbine includes a permanent magnet generator and a blade drive assembly
  • the blade drive assembly includes a wind wheel set and a vertical vertical axis rotary system
  • the wind wheel set is provided with two or two Above Lift blades and corresponding sets of two or more sets of blade brackets
  • the blade bracket includes an upper bracket, a middle bracket and a lower bracket.
  • the vertical vertical axis rotation system is provided with an upper column, a lower column and a central rotary axis mechanism; the central rotary axis mechanism is provided with a central shaft and a universal joint, and the central shaft passes the bearing
  • the support is disposed in the lower column, and the upper end of the central shaft is connected with the upper column, the lower end of the central shaft is connected with one end of the universal joint, and the other end of the universal joint is driven to the permanent magnet generator shaft.
  • the base of the permanent magnet generator is fixed to the base, and the lower part of the lower column is fixed to the base
  • the upper column is fixedly provided with a first connecting member, one end of the upper bracket is fixedly connected with the first connecting member, and the other end of the upper bracket is fixedly connected with the upper portion of the lift type blade; one end portion of the middle bracket is connected with the upper end portion of the central shaft, The other end of the bracket is fixedly connected to the middle portion of the lift type blade; one end portion of the lower bracket is connected to the central shaft through a second connecting member, and the other end portion of the lower bracket is fixedly connected to the lower portion of the lift type blade.
  • the vertical vertical axis rotation system provided with the upper column, the lower column and the central rotary axis mechanism can effectively improve the strength and stability of the blade drive assembly, and the anti-swing capability in the strong wind condition during operation.
  • the reinforced, compared to the rail-type large vertical-axis wind turbine, has a simple structure and does not need to be provided with components such as a circular track, and has low manufacturing cost and high operating efficiency.
  • the lift-type blade is driven by the wind, and the lift-type blade rotates to drive the vane bracket and the central shaft to rotate, thereby driving the permanent magnet generator, thereby eliminating the lift-type vane running on the circular orbit and reducing the friction generated thereby, The speed of the lift type blade is affected, and the operating efficiency of the system is improved.
  • the manufacturing process is simple, easy to process, and the manufacturing cost is low;
  • Applicable to large wind turbines can be applied to communication base stations, beacon lighthouses, island electricity, forest fire monitoring and other places.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a balanced vertical axis large-scale wind turbine of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of 'A--A' in Figure 1.
  • FIG 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing a stabilizing wheel portion of a balanced vertical-axis large-scale wind turbine of the present invention.
  • a balanced vertical-axis large-scale wind turbine of the present invention includes a permanent magnet generator 12 and a blade drive assembly, and the blade drive assembly includes a wind wheel set and a vertical vertical axis rotation.
  • the wind wheel set is set Two or more lift type blades 3 and corresponding two or more sets of blade brackets
  • the blade bracket includes an upper bracket 1, a middle bracket 4 and a lower bracket 7, wherein:
  • the vertical vertical axis rotation system is provided with an upper column 2, a lower column 8 and a central rotary axis mechanism;
  • the central rotary shaft mechanism is provided with a central shaft 5 and a universal joint 9 which is bored through the bearing support in the lower column 8 and the upper end of the central shaft 5 is connected to the upper column 2, and the lower end of the central shaft 5 is connected with the 10,000 Connected to one end of the coupling 9 and the other end of the universal joint 9 is connected to the permanent magnet generator 12
  • the base of the permanent magnet generator 12 is fixed to the base, and the lower part of the lower column 8 is fixed to the base;
  • the upper column 2 is fixedly provided with a first connecting member 15 , one end of the upper bracket 1 is fixedly connected with the first connecting member 15 , and the other end portion of the upper bracket 1 is fixedly connected with the upper portion of the lifting blade 3 ;
  • One end of the middle bracket 4 is connected to the upper end of the central shaft 5, and the other end of the middle bracket 4 is fixedly connected with the middle of the lift type blade 3;
  • One end of the lower bracket 7 is connected to the center shaft 5 via a second connecting member 16, and the other end of the lower bracket 7 is fixedly coupled to a lower portion of the lift type vane 3.
  • the vertical vertical axis rotation system provided with the upper column 2, the lower column 8 and the central rotary axis mechanism can effectively improve the strength and stability of the blade drive assembly, so that it can be operated in a strong wind condition during operation.
  • the anti-swinging ability is enhanced, compared with the rail-type large vertical-axis wind turbine generator, the structure is simple, and there is no need to provide components such as a circular track, the manufacturing cost is low, and the operation efficiency is high.
  • the wind driven lift blade 3, the lift blade 3 rotates to drive the blade bracket and the central shaft 5 to rotate, thereby driving the permanent magnet generator output current, eliminating the lifting blade 3 running on the circular track and reducing the The generated friction does not affect the rotation speed of the lift type blade, which improves the system operation efficiency.
  • the balanced vertical axis large-scale wind power generator of the invention has the advantages of improving stability and balance, resisting large typhoons, simplifying structure, increasing blade strength, reducing blade material, low comprehensive cost, and being easy to maintain. specialty.
  • the central shaft 5 is directly driven by the universal coupling 9 and the rotating shaft of the permanent magnet generator 12, which is more efficient than the prior art orbital wind turbine.
  • the permanent magnet generator 12 may be provided as an outer rotor permanent magnet generator or an inner rotor permanent magnet generator.
  • the upper bracket 1 and the lower bracket 7 are used to restrain the blade drive assembly and balance the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation, and the middle bracket 4 and the column are used to bear the gravity of the blade drive assembly.
  • the upper bracket 1, the middle bracket 4, and the lower bracket 7 may be uniformly disposed equidistantly disposed on the lift type blade 3, and the joint between the middle bracket 4 and the lift type blade 3 is located at a horizontal center line of the lift type blade 3.
  • the middle bracket 4 and the lower bracket 7 have a more uniform constraint on the lift type vane 3, so that the lift type vane 3 runs more smoothly.
  • the upper bracket 1, the middle bracket 4, and the lower bracket 7 may be disposed in parallel with each other. To facilitate installation and positioning.
  • the second connecting member 16 may be disposed as a second connecting member 16 of the sleeve structure, and the second connecting member 16 is provided at both ends with a flange portion, and the upper end flange portion of the second connecting member 16 is connected to the central shaft 5, The lower end flange portion of the second connecting member 16 is coupled to the lower bracket 7. To facilitate the installation of the connection.
  • FIG. 1 A balanced vertical-axis wind turbine generator of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the main technical solution of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1.
  • the features not explained in the embodiment are as follows. Explain, no longer repeat here.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:
  • the upper portion and/or the lower portion of the lift type blade 3 is provided with an extension portion 14.
  • the extension portion 14 is added to the upper portion and/or the lower portion of the lift type blade 3, so that the wind receiving force area of the lift type blade 3 can be increased, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
  • the lower portion of the lift type blade 3 is provided with an extension portion 14 for lifting.
  • the center of gravity of the blade 3 is lowered, which effectively improves the anti-swing capability of the wind turbine and makes the operation more stable.
  • the upper portion and the lower portion of the lift type blade 3 may be provided with an extension portion 14.
  • the extension portion 14 can also be arranged to have a length greater than or equal to the spacing between the upper bracket 1 and the middle bracket 4, the middle bracket 4 and the lower bracket 7 at the junction with the lift-type blade 3.
  • the provision of the long extension portion 14 in the lower portion of the lift type blade 3 can further reduce the center of gravity of the lift type blade 3, thereby more effectively improving The anti-swing capability of the wind turbine makes the operation more stable.
  • the lift type blade 3 may be provided as a lift type blade 3 having an airfoil shape in cross section. In order to make the lift type blade 3 have better fluid performance, less resistance and higher operating efficiency.
  • the main technical solution of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and features not explained in this embodiment are implemented.
  • the explanation in Example 1 or Embodiment 2 will not be repeated here.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 is that the thickness of the middle bracket 4 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the upper bracket 1 and/or the thickness of the lower bracket 7.
  • the thickness of the upper bracket 1 and the thickness of the lower bracket 7 may be set to be the same, and the thickness of the middle bracket 4 is set to be 1.5 to 2.5 times the thickness of the upper bracket 1 or the thickness of the lower bracket 7. Since the middle bracket 4 plays a major load-bearing role, the thickness of the middle bracket 4 is large, which can make the bearing capacity stronger, so as to further improve the stability and safety of the wind turbine.
  • the main technical solution of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3, and is not in this embodiment.
  • the explanation of the features in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 will not be repeated here.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 is that the vertical vertical axis rotation system can be provided with the stability wheel 6,
  • the stabilizing wheel 6 is in contact with the lower end of the second connecting member 16, and the rotating portion of the stabilizing wheel 6 is disposed on the side of the lower post 8.
  • the anti-swing ability is stronger and the operation is more stable.
  • the stabilizing wheel 6 may include a stabilizing wheel bracket 601, a roller 602 and a bearing 603.
  • the stabilizing wheel bracket 601 is fixedly connected with the lower end flange portion of the second connecting member 16, and the inner ring of the bearing 603 and the bearing shaft of the stabilizing wheel bracket 601
  • the outer ring of the bearing 603 is connected with the bearing hole of the roller 602.
  • the outer circumference of the roller 602 is separated from the lower column 8 under normal working conditions, and the outer circumference of the roller 602 and the lower column 8 are in contact with the sudden change of the crosswind.
  • the outer circumference of the roller In normal working conditions, the outer circumference of the roller is separated from the column and maintains normal rotation; in the case of a crosswind sudden change, the outer circumference of the roller is in contact with the column, accelerated by the elastic friction buffer of the roller, and elastically reset by the roller. This can improve The stability of the blade bracket prevents the blade bracket and the lift blade from rolling and rocking.
  • the roller 602 can be configured as an elastic roller 602.
  • the roller 602 can also be provided as an elastic roller 602 made of rubber or polyester material.
  • the stabilizing wheel 6 can further improve a balanced vertical axis large wind turbine of the present invention.
  • the main technical solution of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4, in this embodiment.
  • the features that are not explained are explained in the first embodiment or the second embodiment or the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, and the details are not described herein.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 or the embodiment 3 or the embodiment 4 is that the base is set as the tower 13 , the lower part of the lower column 8 is fixedly connected with the tower 13 , and the permanent magnet generator 12 is fixed to Tower 13.
  • the tower 13 is arranged to increase the height of the blade drive assembly, facilitate the installation of the wind turbine and accommodate the permanent magnet generator 12, and the tower 13 can be fixedly disposed on the ground of various terrains, and is improved by the tower 13 Height can be increased
  • the extension portion 14 of the long lift type blade 3 is used to improve the utilization efficiency of the wind.
  • the base is placed in a nacelle that is trapped in the ground.
  • the pedestal method can be determined according to the actual use occasion.
  • the universal coupling 9 and the rotating shaft of the permanent magnet generator 12 can be A brake 10 and a coupling 11 are provided, one end of the brake 10 is connected to the other end of the universal joint 9, and the other end of the brake 10 is driven by the coupling 11 and the permanent magnet generator 12 Connected.
  • the brake 10 can be used for braking the central shaft 5, and when the operation is in trouble, the central shaft 5 can be quickly braked to stop it for maintenance.
  • the balanced vertical axis wind turbine of the invention can meet the international standard of the external conditions of the operation of the wind permanent magnet generator:
  • the highest wind speed is 55m/s, and the alpine area is 40m/s;
  • the normal operating temperature range of the unit is -20 °C ⁇ +50 °C, and the cold area is -25 °C ⁇ +45 °C;
  • the highest altitude of the unit operation is 4000m;
  • the relative humidity is 95%

Abstract

一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，有永磁发电机（12）、风轮组和垂直立轴回转系统，风轮组有升力型叶片（3）和对应的上支架（1）、中支架（4）和下支架（7），垂直立轴回转系统设上立柱（2）、下立柱（8）、具有中心轴（5）和万向联轴器（9）的中心回转轴机构；中心轴（5）经轴承穿设于下立柱（8）内，上端与上立柱（2）连接，下端与万向联轴器（9）一端连接，万向联轴器（9）另一端与永磁发电机（12）转轴驱接，永磁发电机（12）机座、下立柱（8）固定于基座；上立柱（2）设第一连接件，上支架（1）一端与第一连接件固定，另一端与升力型叶片（3）上部固接；中支架（4）一端与中心轴（5）上端连接，另一端与升力型叶片（3）中部固接；下支架（7）一端经第二连接件与中心轴（5）连接，另一端与升力型叶片（3）下部固接。本风力发电机组能提高稳定平衡性，简化结构、增加强度，减少材料和成本，易维护。

Description

一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组 技术领域
本发明涉及垂直轴风力发电机组技术，特别是涉及一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组。
背景技术
风力发电已有一百五十多年的历史，科学家在分析了大气环流模型之后发现，大气低层的对流气团所包含的风能是非常巨大的，是人类可利用且取之不尽、用之不竭的再生能源之一。因此，在人类面临逐渐加剧的能源危机的情况下，对于风力发电的研究开发也就越来越具有重大和深远的现实意义了。在一些发达国家，如美国、荷兰、丹麦、法国、德国、意大利等国，风力发电在其国内的电力结构中已起到了举足轻重的作用。而在我国，只有少数地区，如新疆、内蒙、甘肃、广东的南澳及汕尾红海湾、福建的漳州东山岛等地设有风力发电站，其总装机容量还不到62000MW，占我国电力结构比率不及3%。
现有技术中，垂直轴风力发电机可分为两种主要类型：一类是 利用翼型结构的升力做功的升力型 垂直轴 风 力发电 机 ， 最典型的是达里厄 (Darrieus) 型风力 发电 机，而许 多生产厂家的垂直轴风力发电机的制造技术都是依该翼型结构的运转原理的基础上作出一些改进的技术；另一类是阻力型垂直轴风力发电机，其原型结构是由风杯式测风仪的结构演变而来的，其原理就是利用风叶水平旋转时正反两面对风的阻力差来做功。
升力型垂直轴风力发电机在正常运转时风能利用率可高达42 %，但存在以下缺陷： 在低风速状态时，受力面积较小，所产生的起动扭矩小，在自然条件下起动通常需要四级或者四级以上风的风力驱动才能实现起动，由此使得对于大中型风力发电机通常需另配电动机辅助起动装置强制驱动起动，从而使得整机结构复杂，成本增高；而且在低风速阵风时功耗也比较大。
阻力型垂直轴风力发电机，其风轮可以获得较大的起动力矩； 但 受其结构影响，导致围绕着风轮产生侧向推力，使得风轮转速较低。
因而现有技术中的垂直轴风力发电机通常都是适用于中、小功率的风力发电机，对其风轮叶片的结构形式，人们虽然不断作出一些新的改进，但这类改进往往都是仅限于其中一些局部结构的某些方面的改进，由此导致这类垂直轴风力发电机仍然同样存在以上缺陷，所作改进技术仍然不够全面，特别是在成本上及风叶结构的变形问题上也仍然难于取得实质性突破，因此风能利用效率及综合成本仍然是不够理想的。
中国发明专利（专利号为： ZL201020209996.4公开了一种'轨道式大型垂直轴风力发电机组'，其结构主要为： 叶片为升力型叶片，该叶片固定于风叶支架，风叶支架连接于回转系统。通过 采用较为稳固的回转系统，以提高叶片强度，使之能够抵御较大台风，以适用于大、中型的风力发电机。
但是上述专利又存在着以下问题：如升力型叶片在运动过程中出现离心力不平衡，易导致叶片出现 歪斜及扭曲的现象；而且，风叶支架及整体结构较为复杂，使得该 轨道式大型垂直轴风力发电机组材料消耗较大，综合制造成本较高，且 不易维护，也不利于工业化生产及大型 风力发电机组市场的推广应用 。
因此，针对现有技术中的存在问题，亟需提供一种能够提高稳定性及平衡性，且结构简单、综合成本低、易于维护，有 利于工业化生产及大型 风力发电机组市场的推广应用的垂直轴大型风力发电机组的技术显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于避免现有技术中的不足之处而提供一种能够提高稳定性及平衡性、可抵御较大台风，简化结构、增加叶片强度，减少叶片材料、综合成本低，且易于维护的平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：
提供一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，包括有永磁发电机和风叶驱动总成，所述风叶驱动总成包括有风轮组和垂直立轴回转系统，所述风轮组设置有 两个或者两个以上的 升力型叶片和对应设置的 两组或者两组以上的 风叶支架， 所述风叶支架包括有上支架、中支架和下支架，其中：
所述垂直立轴回转系统设置有上立柱、下立柱和中心回转轴机构；
所述中心回转轴机构设置有中心轴和万向联轴器，所述中心轴通过轴承支承穿设于所述下立柱内，且所述中心轴上端部与所述上立柱连接，所述中心轴下端部与所述万向联轴器一端连接，所述万向联轴器另一端与所述永磁发电机转轴驱动连接 ， 所述永磁发电机的机座固定于 基座 ， 所述下立柱的下部固定于基座 ；
所述上立柱固定设置有第一连接件，所述上支架一端部与所述第一连接件固定连接，所述上支架另一端部与所述升力型叶片的上部固定连接；
所述中支架一端部与所述中心轴的上端部连接，所述中支架另一端部与所述升力型叶片的中部固定连接；
所述下支架一端部通过第二连接件与所述中心轴连接，所述下支架的另一端部与所述升力型叶片的下部固定连接。
其中， 所述上支架、所述中支架、所述下支架分别位于所述升力型叶片均匀分布等距设置，且所述中支架与所述升力型叶片连接处位于所述升力型叶片的水平中心线。
其中，所述上支架、所述中支架和所述下支架相互平行设置。
其中，所述中支架的厚度大于或者等于所述上支架的厚度和／或所述下支架的厚度。
其中，所述第二连接件设置为套筒结构的第二连接件，所述第二连接件两端设置有法兰部，所述第二连接件的上端所述法兰部与所述中心轴连接，所述第二连接件的下端所述法兰部与所述下支架连接。
其中，所述垂直立轴回转系统设置有稳定轮，所述 稳定轮与所述第二连接件的下端相接，且所述稳定轮的转动部设置于所述下立柱旁侧。
其中，所述稳定轮包括有稳定轮支架、滚轮和轴承，所述稳定轮支架与所述第二连接件的下端所述法兰部固定连接，所述轴承内圈与所述稳定轮支架的轴承轴连接，所述轴承外圈与所述滚轮的轴承孔连接，所述滚轮外圆周与所述下立柱在正常工况相离，所述滚轮外圆周与所述下立柱在侧风突变工况相触。
其中， 所述升力型叶片的上部和/或下部设置有延伸部。
其中，所述基座设置为塔架，所述下立柱的下部与所述塔架固定连接，所述永磁发电机 的机座 固定于所述塔架。
而且，所述基座还可以设置为陷入地面的机舱。
其中， 所述万向联轴器与所述永磁发电机转轴之间 设置有制动器和联轴器，所述制动器一端与所述万向联轴器的 另一 端连接，所述制动器另一端通过联轴器与所述永磁发电机 转轴驱动 连接。
本发明的有益效果：
一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，由于包括有永磁发电机和风叶驱动总成，风叶驱动总成包括有风轮组和垂直立轴回转系统，风轮组设置有 两个或者两个以上的 升力型叶片和对应设置的 两组或者两组以上的 风叶支架， 风叶支架包括有上支架、中支架和下支架，垂直立轴回转系统设置有上立柱、下立柱和中心回转轴机构；中心回转轴机构设置有中心轴和万向联轴器，中心轴通过轴承支承穿设于下立柱内，且中心轴上端部与上立柱连接，中心轴下端部与万向联轴器一端连接，万向联轴器另一端与永磁发电机转轴驱动连接 ， 永磁发电机的机座固定于 基座 ， 下立柱的下部固定于基座 ；上立柱固定设置有第一连接件，上支架一端部与第一连接件固定连接，上支架另一端部与升力型叶片的上部固定连接；中支架一端部与中心轴的上端部连接，中支架另一端部与升力型叶片的中部固定连接；下支架一端部通过第二连接件与中心轴连接，下支架的另一端部与升力型叶片的下部固定连接。
由此，通过设置有上立柱、下立柱和中心回转轴机构的垂直立轴回转系统能够有效地提高了风叶驱动总成的强度及稳定性，使其运转过程中在强风工况的抗摆能力增强，相比轨道式大型垂直轴风力发电机组，结构简便，而不需要设置环形轨道等部件，制造成本较低，并且运转效率较高。由风力驱动升力型叶片，升力型叶片旋转带动风叶支架及中心轴转动，从而驱动永磁发电机，省去了升力型叶片在环形轨道上运转而减少了由此所产生的摩擦力，不影响升力型叶片的转速，提高了系统运行效率。
本发明与现有技术中具有以下优点：
1.有效地提高了风叶驱动总成的强度及稳定性，运行稳定可靠；
2.抗强风能力强；
3.无噪音；
4. 制造工艺简单，易于加工，制造成本低；
5.重量轻，便于安装、运输，安装运输成本低；
6.适用于大型风力发电机组，可应用于通讯基站、航标灯塔、海岛用电、森林防火监控等场所。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明，但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制。
图1是本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组的结构示意图。
图2是图1中的'A--A'结构示意图。
图3是本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组的稳定轮部分的局部放大结构示意图。
在图1、图2、图3中包括有：
1 --上支架、2--上立柱、3--升力型叶片、4--中支架、
5 --中心轴、6--稳定轮、7--下支架、8--下立柱、
9 --万向联轴器、10--制动器、11--联轴器、12--永磁发电机、
13 --塔架、14--延伸部、15--第一连接件、16--第二连接件、
601 --稳定轮支架、602--滚轮、603--轴承。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，如图1和图2所示，包括有永磁发电机12和风叶驱动总成，风叶驱动总成包括有风轮组和垂直立轴回转系统，风轮组设置有 两个或者两个以上的 升力型叶片3和对应设置的 两组或者两组以上的 风叶支架， 风叶支架包括有上支架1、中支架4和下支架7，其中：
垂直立轴回转系统设置有上立柱2、下立柱8和中心回转轴机构；
中心回转轴机构设置有中心轴5和万向联轴器9，中心轴5通过轴承支承穿设于下立柱8内，且中心轴5上端部与上立柱2连接，中心轴5下端部与万向联轴器9一端连接，万向联轴器9另一端与永磁发电机12转轴驱动连接 ， 永磁发电机12的机座固定于 基座 ， 下立柱8的下部固定于基座 ；
上立柱2固定设置有第一连接件15，上支架1一端部与第一连接件15固定连接，上支架1另一端部与升力型叶片3的上部固定连接；
中支架4一端部与中心轴5的上端部连接，中支架4另一端部与升力型叶片3的中部固定连接；
下支架7一端部通过第二连接件16与中心轴5连接，下支架7的另一端部与升力型叶片3的下部固定连接。
由此，通过设置有上立柱2、下立柱8和中心回转轴机构的垂直立轴回转系统，能够有效地提高了风叶驱动总成的强度及稳定性，使其运转过程中在强风工况的抗摆能力增强，相比轨道式大型垂直轴风力发电机组，结构简便，而且不需要设置环形轨道等部件，制造成本较低，并且运转效率较高。由风力驱动升力型叶片3，升力型叶片3旋转带动风叶支架及中心轴5转动，从而驱动永磁发电机输出电流，省去了升力型叶片3在环形轨道上运转而减少了由此所产生的摩擦力，不影响升力型叶片的转速，提高了系统运行效率。
由此，本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组具有：能够提高稳定性及平衡性、可抵御较大台风，简化结构、增加叶片强度，减少叶片材料、综合成本低，且易于维护的特点。
中心轴5通过万向联轴器9与永磁发电机12转轴采用直驱式驱动连接，相比现有技术中的轨道式风力发电机组运行效率更高。
永磁发电机12可以设置为外转子永磁发电机或者内转子永磁发电机。
系统启动后，上支架1和下支架7用于约束风叶驱动总成并平衡高速旋转所产生的离心力，中支架4和立柱用于承受风叶驱动总成的重力。
具体的，上支架1、中支架4、下支架7可以分别位于升力型叶片3均匀分布等距设置，且中支架4与升力型叶片3连接处位于升力型叶片3的水平中心线。以使 上支架1、 中支架4 和下支架7对升力型叶片3的约束更加均匀，使升力型叶片3运行更为平稳。
具体的，上支架1、中支架4和下支架7可以相互平行设置。以利于安装定位。
具体的，第二连接件16可以设置为套筒结构的第二连接件16，第二连接件16两端设置有法兰部，第二连接件16的上端法兰部与中心轴5连接，第二连接件16下端法兰部与下支架7连接。以方便安装连接。
实施例2
本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴风力发电机组，如图1所示，本实施例的主要技术方案与实施例1基本相同，在本实施例中未作解释的特征，采用实施例1中的解释，在此不再进行赘述。本实施例与实施例1的区别在于： 升力型叶片3的上部和/或下部设置有延伸部14。升力型叶片3的上部和/或下部都增加延伸部14，可以提高升力型叶片3的受风受力面积，提高发电效率，特别是升力型叶片3的下部设置有延伸部14，可以使升力型叶片3的重心下降，有效地提高了风力发电机组的抗摆能力，使运转更为平稳。
具体的，升力型叶片3的上部和下部均可以设置有延伸部14。
而且，延伸部14还可以设置为长度大于或者等于上支架1与中支架4、中支架4与下支架7位于与升力型叶片3连接处之间的间距。以进一步提高升力型叶片3的受风受力面积，提高发电效率，特别是升力型叶片3的下部设置有较长的延伸部14可以使升力型叶片3的重心进一步下降，更为有效地提高风力发电机组的抗摆能力，使运转更为平稳。
具体的，升力型叶片3可以设置为横截面呈翼型形状的升力型叶片3。以使升力型叶片3的流体性能更好，阻力更小，运转效率更高。
实施例3
本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴风力发电机组，如图1所示，本实施例的主要技术方案与实施例1或者实施例2基本相同，在本实施例中未作解释的特征，采用实施例1或者实施例2中的解释，在此不再进行赘述。本实施例与实施例1或者实施例2的区别在于：中支架4的厚度大于或者等于上支架1的厚度和／或下支架7的厚度。
具体的，上支架1的厚度和下支架7的厚度可以设置为相同，中支架4的厚度设置为上支架1的厚度或者下支架7的厚度的1.5～2.5倍。由于中支架4起到主要的承重作用，因此设置中支架4的厚度较大，可以使承重能力更强，以进一步提高风力发电机组的稳定性和安全性。
实施例4
本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴风力发电机组，如图1和图3所示，本实施例的主要技术方案与实施例1或者实施例2或者实施例3基本相同，在本实施例中未作解释的特征，采用实施例1或者实施例2或者实施例3中的解释，在此不再进行赘述。本实施例与实施例1或者实施例2或者实施例3的区别在于：垂直立轴回转系统可以设置有稳定轮6， 稳定轮6与第二连接件16的下端相接，且稳定轮6的转动部设置于下立柱8旁侧。以使 本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组 在台风、强风工况下，抗摆能力更强，运行更加稳定。
具体的，稳定轮6可以包括有稳定轮支架601、滚轮602和轴承603，稳定轮支架601与第二连接件16的下端法兰部固定连接，轴承603内圈与稳定轮支架601的轴承轴连接，轴承603外圈与滚轮602的轴承孔连接，滚轮602外圆周与下立柱8在正常工况相离，滚轮602外圆周与下立柱8在侧风突变工况相触。在正常工况时，滚轮的外圆周与立柱相离，保持正常旋转；在侧风突变工况时，滚轮的外圆周与立柱相触，通过滚轮弹性摩擦缓冲突变加速，并通过滚轮弹性复位，由此能够提高 风叶支架的稳定性，防止风叶支架和升力型叶片侧倾及摇摆。
具体的，滚轮602可以设置为弹性滚轮602。
具体的，滚轮602还可以设置为橡胶或者聚酯材料制成的弹性滚轮602。
因此，稳定轮6能够进一步提高 本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组 的抗摆性能，以及提高系统运行的稳定性。
实施例5
本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴风力发电机组，如图1所示，本实施例的主要技术方案与实施例1或者实施例2或者实施例3或者实施例4基本相同，在本实施例中未作解释的特征，采用实施例1或者实施例2或者实施例3或者实施例4中的解释，在此不再进行赘述。本实施例与实施例1或者实施例2或者实施例3或者实施例4的区别在于：基座设置为塔架13，下立柱8的下部与塔架13固定连接，永磁发电机12固定于塔架13。塔架13的设置是为了提高风叶驱动总成的高度，便于风力发电机组的安装及容置永磁发电机12，塔架13可以固定设置于各种地形的地面，并且通过塔架13提高高度可以增 长升力型叶片3的延伸部14，以 提高风力的利用效率。
而且，基座设置为陷入地面的机舱也是可以的。具体可根据实际使用场合确定采用何种基座方式。
具体的， 万向联轴器9与永磁发电机12转轴之间可以 设置有制动器10和联轴器11，制动器10一端与万向联轴器9的的 另一 端连接，制动器10另一端通过联轴器11与永磁发电机12 转轴驱动 连接。制动器10可用于对中心轴5的制动，在运转出现问题时，可以迅速地将中心轴5制动使其停转，以便于停机维修。
本发明的一种平衡式垂直轴风力发电机组可以满足风力永磁发电机运行外界条件的国际标准：
1.最高风速为55m/s，高寒地区为40m/s；
2.机组正常运行的温度范围为-20℃～+50℃，高寒地区为-25℃～+45℃；
3.机组运行的最高海拔为4000m；
4.相对湿度为95 % ；
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，包括有永磁发电机和风叶驱动总成，所述风叶驱动总成包括有风轮组和垂直立轴回转系统，所述风轮组设置有两个或者两个以上的升力型叶片和对应设置的两组或者两组以上的风叶支架，所述风叶支架包括有上支架、中支架和下支架，其特征在于：
    所述垂直立轴回转系统设置有上立柱、下立柱和中心回转轴机构；
    所述中心回转轴机构设置有中心轴和万向联轴器，所述中心轴通过轴承支承穿设于所述下立柱内，且所述中心轴上端部与所述上立柱连接，所述中心轴下端部与所述万向联轴器一端连接，所述万向联轴器另一端与所述永磁发电机转轴驱动连接，所述永磁发电机的机座固定于基座，所述下立柱的下部固定于基座；
    所述上立柱固定设置有第一连接件，所述上支架一端部与所述第一连接件固定连接，所述上支架另一端部与所述升力型叶片的上部固定连接；
    所述中支架一端部与所述中心轴的上端部连接，所述中支架另一端部与所述升力型叶片的中部固定连接；
    所述下支架一端部通过第二连接件与所述中心轴连接，所述下支架的另一端部与所述升力型叶片的下部固定连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于： 所述上支架、所述中支架、所述下支架分别位于所述升力型叶片均匀分布等距设置，且所述中支架与所述升力型叶片连接处位于所述升力型叶片的水平中心线。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述上支架、所述中支架和所述下支架相互平行设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述中支架的厚度大于或者等于所述上支架的厚度和／或所述下支架的厚度。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述第二连接件设置为套筒结构的第二连接件，所述第二连接件两端设置有法兰部，所述第二连接件的上端所述法兰部与所述中心轴连接，所述第二连接件的下端所述法兰部与所述下支架连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述垂直立轴回转系统设置有稳定轮，所述 稳定轮与所述第二连接件的下端相接，且所述稳定轮的转动部设置于所述下立柱旁侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述稳定轮包括有稳定轮支架、滚轮和轴承，所述稳定轮支架与所述第二连接件的下端所述法兰部固定连接，所述轴承内圈与所述稳定轮支架的轴承轴连接，所述轴承外圈与所述滚轮的轴承孔连接，所述滚轮外圆周与所述下立柱在正常工况相离，所述滚轮外圆周与所述下立柱在侧风突变工况相触。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于： 所述升力型叶片的上部和/或下部设置有延伸部。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于：所述基座设置为塔架，所述下立柱的下部与所述塔架固定连接，所述永磁发电机 的机座 固定于所述塔架。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的 一种平衡式垂直轴大型风力发电机组，其特征在于： 所述万向联轴器与所述永磁发电机转轴之间 设置有制动器和联轴器，所述制动器一端与所述万向联轴器的 另一 端连接，所述制动器另一端通过联轴器与所述永磁发电机 转轴驱动 连接。
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