WO2014022536A1 - Fraise de section à durée de vie prolongée et procédés d'utilisation - Google Patents

Fraise de section à durée de vie prolongée et procédés d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014022536A1
WO2014022536A1 PCT/US2013/052977 US2013052977W WO2014022536A1 WO 2014022536 A1 WO2014022536 A1 WO 2014022536A1 US 2013052977 W US2013052977 W US 2013052977W WO 2014022536 A1 WO2014022536 A1 WO 2014022536A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blades
end portion
section mill
bore
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/052977
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen HEKELAAR
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Canada Limited
Services Petroliers Schlumberger
Schlumberger Holdings Limited
Schlumberger Technology B.V.
Smith International Inc.
Prad Research And Development Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Canada Limited, Services Petroliers Schlumberger, Schlumberger Holdings Limited, Schlumberger Technology B.V., Smith International Inc., Prad Research And Development Limited filed Critical Schlumberger Canada Limited
Publication of WO2014022536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014022536A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/002—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
    • E21B29/005—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe with a radially-expansible cutter rotating inside the pipe, e.g. for cutting an annular window
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole

Definitions

  • the wellbore may be prepared for abandonment.
  • a segment of the casing is removed to form an openhole section of the wellbore.
  • the openhole section is then plugged, and the wellbore is abandoned.
  • a tool string having a section mill coupled thereto is run into the wellbore. Once the section mill reaches the desired depth in the wellbore, fluid pressure is applied to the section mill via the through-bore of the tool string.
  • the fluid pressure causes one or more blades to extend radially outward from the section mill and into contact with the casing.
  • the section mill is rotated about its longitudinal axis (by rotating the tool string) causing the blades to cut through the casing. Once the section mill has cut through the casing, the tool string gradually lowers the section mill, and the blades mill the casing to remove the axial segment thereof.
  • the blades of the section mill are only capable of milling relatively short segments of the casing, e.g., less than about 30 m, before they become worn down and ultimately ineffective.
  • the tool string and section mill are pulled out of the wellbore, a new section mill replaces the worn down section mill, the tool string and the new section mill are run back into the wellbore, and the above process is repeated to continue milling the casing. Replacing the worn down section mill during the milling process is time consuming, which leads to lost profits in the field.
  • a section mill for removing a portion of a casing in a wellbore includes a body having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a bore formed axially therethrough.
  • a plurality of blades may be coupled to the body. Each of the blades has a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion of each blade may be coupled to the body via a hinge pin, and the second end portion of each blade may have a cutting surface formed thereon.
  • a seat may be formed within the bore. The blades may be adapted to actuate from an inactive position to an active position in response to an impediment forming a seal against the seat.
  • a downhole tool for removing a portion of a casing in a wellbore may include a first section mill having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a first axial bore formed therethrough.
  • a first plurality of blades may be coupled to the first section mill.
  • the first plurality of blades each has a first end portion and a second end portion.
  • the first end portion of each of the first plurality of blades may be coupled to the first section mill via a first hinge pin, and the second end portion of each of the first plurality of blades may have a cutting surface formed thereon.
  • a seat may be formed within the first bore.
  • the first plurality of blades may be adapted to actuate from an inactive position to an active position in response to an impediment forming a seal against the seat.
  • a first stabilizer may be coupled to the second end portion of the first section mill.
  • a second axial bore may be formed through the first stabilizer such that the first and second bores are in fluid communication with one another.
  • a second section mill may be coupled to the first stabilizer and have a first end portion, a second end portion, and a third axial bore formed at least partially therethrough. The third bore may be in fluid communication with the first and second bores.
  • a second plurality of blades may be coupled to the second section mill.
  • the second plurality of blades each has a first end portion and a second end portion.
  • the first end portion of each of the second plurality of blades may be coupled to the second section mill via a second hinge pin, and the second end portion of each of the second plurality of blades may have a cutting surface formed thereon.
  • a method for removing a portion of a casing in a wellbore may include running a downhole tool into the wellbore.
  • the downhole tool may include a first section mill having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a first axial bore formed therethrough.
  • a first plurality of blades may be coupled to the first section mill.
  • the first plurality of blades each has a first end portion and a second end portion.
  • the first end portion of each of the first plurality of blades may be coupled to the first section mill via a first hinge pin, and the second end portion of each of the first plurality of blades may have a cutting surface formed thereon.
  • a seat may be formed within the first bore.
  • the first plurality of blades may be adapted to actuate from an inactive position to an active position in response to an impediment forming a seal against the seat.
  • a first stabilizer may be coupled to the second end portion of the first section mill.
  • a second axial bore may be formed through the first stabilizer such that the first and second bores are in fluid communication with one another.
  • a second section mill may be coupled to the first stabilizer and have a first end portion, a second end portion, and a third axial bore formed at least partially therethrough. The third bore may be in fluid communication with the first and second bores.
  • a second plurality of blades may be coupled to the second section mill. The second plurality of blades each has a first end portion and a second end portion.
  • each of the second plurality of blades may be coupled to the second section mill via a second hinge pin, and the second end portion of each of the second plurality of blades may have a cutting surface formed thereon.
  • the second plurality of blades may be actuated from an inactive position to an active position in response to an increase in pressure in the third bore, and the cutting surfaces of the second plurality of blades may be disposed radially outward from an outer surface of the second section mill in the active position.
  • Figure 1 depicts an illustrative downhole tool for removing a segment of a casing in a wellbore, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 2 depicts a partial perspective view of an illustrative first section mill in an inactive position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 3 depicts a cross-sectional view of the first section mill in the inactive position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 4 depicts a partial perspective view of the first section mill in an active position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 5 depicts a cross-sectional view of the first section mill in the active position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of an illustrative second section mill in an inactive position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 7 depicts a cross-sectional view of the second section mill in an active position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 8 depicts the downhole tool disposed within the casing of a wellbore, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 9 depicts the blades of the second section mill in the active position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 10 depicts the blades of the second section mill milling the casing into a first or "upper” segment and a second or “lower” segment, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 11 depicts the blades of the second section mill retracting into the inactive position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 12 depicts the blades of the first section mill in the active position, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • Figure 13 depicts the first section mill milling the casing to increase the length of the axial gap between the first and second segments of the casing, according to one or more embodiments disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an illustrative downhole tool 100 for removing a segment of a casing in a wellbore, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the downhole tool 100 may include a jet sub 110, one or more section mills (two are shown 120, 140), one or more stabilizers (three are shown 130, 150, 170), and/or a taper mill 180.
  • the jet sub 110 may have a bore formed axially therethrough.
  • One or more openings 112 may extend radially through the jet sub 110. The openings 112 may allow a fluid to flow from the bore of the jet sub 1 10 to an annulus formed between an exterior of the jet sub 1 10 and the casing and/or wellbore wall.
  • the openings 1 12 may include a carbide jet sleeve proximate the outer surface of the jet sub 110.
  • the openings 1 12 may be oriented at an angle with respect to a longitudinal axis through the jet sub 110. More particularly, the portion of the openings 112 proximate the inner surface of the jet sub 1 10 may be positioned above the portion of the openings 1 12 proximate the outer surface of the jet sub 110 such that fluid flows in a generally downward direction from the bore, through the openings 1 12, and into the annulus.
  • the angle may range from a low of about 10°, about 20°, or about 30° to a high of about 60°, about 70°, or about 80° with respect to vertical.
  • the terms “inner” and “outer”; “up” and “down”; “upper” and “lower”; “upward” and “downward”; “above” and “below”; and other like terms as used herein refer to relative positions to one another and are not intended to denote a particular direction or spatial orientation.
  • the terms “couple,” “coupled,” “connect,” “connection,” “connected,” “in connection with,” and “connecting” refer to "in direct connection with” or “in connection with via one or more intermediate elements or members.”
  • a first section mill or "extended duration" section mill 120 may be coupled to the lower end portion of the jet sub 110.
  • the first section mill 120 may have a bore formed axially therethrough that is in fluid communication with the bore formed through the jet sub 110.
  • One or more cutters or blades (three are shown 210, 220, 230; one is obscured 240) may be coupled to the first section mill 120.
  • the number of blades 210, 220, 230, 240 may range from a low of about 1, 2, 3, or 4 to a high of about 6, 8, 10, 12, or more.
  • the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 may be circumferentially and/or axially offset on the first section mill 120.
  • the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 may be adapted to move or pivot radially outward toward the casing in the wellbore.
  • the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 may be shaped, sized, and dressed to remove an extended section of the casing.
  • the first section mill 120 is discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 2-5.
  • a first stabilizer 130 may be coupled to the lower end portion of the first section mill 120.
  • the first stabilizer 130 may have a bore formed axially therethrough that is in fluid communication with the bores formed through the jet sub 1 10 and the first section mill 120.
  • One or more blades (three are shown 132, 134, 136) may be coupled to or integrated with an outer surface of the first stabilizer 130.
  • the blades 132, 134, 136 may be straight or spiraled (as shown).
  • the blades 132, 134, 136 may be made of a hard metal, such as steel. Further, the blades 132, 134, 136 may be coated with a hard facing material, such as tungsten carbide or the like.
  • the first stabilizer 130 may be adapted to mechanically stabilize the first section mill 120 and/or the downhole tool 100 within the casing to avoid unintentional sidetracking and/or lateral vibrations.
  • the first stabilizer 130 may be adapted to maintain a longitudinal centerline through the first section mill 120 and/or the downhole tool 100 in alignment with a longitudinal centerline through the casing.
  • a second section mill 140 may be coupled to the lower end portion of the first stabilizer 130.
  • the second section mill 140 may be the same as the first section mill 120, i.e., an "extended duration" section mill, or the second section mill 140 may be another type of section mill known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second section mill 140 may have a bore formed at least partially therethrough that is in fluid communication with the bores formed through the jet sub 1 10, the first section mill 120, and the first stabilizer 130.
  • One or more cutters or blades (three are shown 310, 320, 330; one is obscured 340) may be coupled to the second section mill 140.
  • the number of blades 310, 320, 330, 340 may range from a low of about 1, 2, 3, or 4 to a high of about 6, 8, 10, 12, or more.
  • the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 may be circumferentially and/or axially offset on the second section mill 140.
  • the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 may be adapted to move or pivot radially outward toward the casing in the wellbore.
  • the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 may be shaped, sized, and dressed to first initiate the cut and subsequently remove a section of the casing.
  • the second section mill 140 is discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 6 and 7.
  • a second stabilizer 150 may be coupled to the lower end portion of the second section mill 140.
  • the second stabilizer 150 may be the same as the first stabilizer 130, or the second stabilizer 150 may be another type of section mill known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second stabilizer 150 may be adapted to mechanically stabilize the second section mill 140 and/or the downhole tool 100 within the casing to avoid unintentional sidetracking and vibrations.
  • the second stabilizer 150 may be adapted to maintain a longitudinal centerline through the second section mill 140 and/or the downhole tool 100 in alignment with a longitudinal centerline through the casing.
  • a tail pipe 160 may be coupled to the lower end portion of the second stabilizer 150.
  • the tail pipe 160 may be a blank section of pipe having a length ranging from a low of about 1 m, about 2 m, or about 3 m to a high of about 10 m, about 20 m, about 30 m, or more.
  • a third stabilizer 170 or a taper mill 180 may be coupled to the lower end portion of the tail pipe 160.
  • the third stabilizer 170 or the taper mill 180 may be disposed within the lower segment of the casing to mechanically stabilize the downhole tool 100 within the lower segment of the casing to avoid unintentional sidetracking and vibrations.
  • the third stabilizer 170 or the taper mill 180 may be adapted to maintain a longitudinal centerline through the downhole tool 100 in alignment with a longitudinal centerline through the lower segment of the casing.
  • Figure 2 depicts a partial perspective view of the first section mill 120 in an inactive position
  • Figure 3 depicts a cross-sectional view of the first section mill 120 in the inactive position, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the first section mill 120 includes an annular body 200 with a first or "upper" end portion 202 and a second or “lower” end portion 204.
  • a bore 206 may extend through the body 200 and provide a path of fluid communication from the first end portion 202 to the second end portion 204.
  • the blades 210, 240 are coupled to the body 200 of the first section mill 120.
  • a first end portion 212, 242 of each blade 210, 240 may be movably coupled to the body 200 with a hinge pin 214, 244 or other coupling device known to those skilled in the art which permits the blade 210, 240 to pivot relative to the body 200.
  • a second end portion 216, 246 of each blade 210, 240 may have a cutting surface 218, 248 formed or disposed thereon.
  • the cutting surfaces 218, 248 may be adapted to cut, grind, or otherwise mill the casing, as described in more detail below.
  • the same disclosure herein with respect to first and second blades 210, 240 equally applies to the other blades, e.g., 220, 230, of the first section mill 120.
  • the first end portions 212, 242 of the blades 210, 240 may be axially offset from one another. This may prevent the hinge pins 214, 244 from intersecting or otherwise interfering with one another. As such, the blades 210, 240 may have different lengths, as shown. [0034] The first and second blades 210, 240 in Figures 2 and 3 are shown in an inactive position.
  • the second end portions 216, 246 of the blades 210, 240, and the cutting surfaces 218, 248 formed thereon are folded into the body 200 of the first section mill 120 such that an outer surface of the blades 210, 240 is aligned with an outer surface of the body 200. Accordingly, the blades 210, 240 are not capable of cutting, grinding, or otherwise milling the casing in the inactive position.
  • the first and second blades 210, 240 may be secured in the inactive position via engagement with one or more axial protrusions 282 extending from a first piston 280 in the body 200.
  • the axial protrusions 282 may include a sloped surface 284.
  • the sloped surface 284 may be oriented at an angle with respect to a longitudinal centerline through the first section mill 120. The angle may be from about 0° (parallel with the centerline) to about 10°, about 10° to about 30°, about 30° to about 45°, about 45° to about 60°, or about 60° to about 80°.
  • the sloped surface 284 may be arranged and designed to mate with, abut, or otherwise contact the cutting surfaces 218, 248 of the first and second blades 210, 240 to secure the first and second blades 210, 240 in the inactive position.
  • Figure 4 depicts a partial perspective view of the first section mill 120 in an active position
  • Figure 5 depicts a cross-sectional view of the first section mill 120 in the active position, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the first section mill 120 may include a seat or "ball seat" 250 formed therein.
  • the seat 250 may be a transition or shoulder formed by a decrease in the diameter of the bore 206.
  • the seat 250 may be positioned between the blades 210, 240 and the second end portion 204 of the body 200.
  • the seat 250 may be adapted to receive an impediment 252 that enters the bore 206 of the first section mill 120 through the first end portion 202 thereof.
  • the impediment 252 may be a ball, a dart, or the like.
  • the impediment 252 may be a steel ball.
  • the impediment 252 is arranged and designed to form a fluid tight seal against the seat 250 enabling one-way fluid flow through the bore 206.
  • fluid may flow through the bore 206 from the second end portion 204 toward the first end portion 202 (i.e., upward); however, fluid flowing through the bore 206 from the first end portion 202 toward the second end portion 204 (i.e., downward) may be directed out into the annulus via ports 260, 262, as explained in more detail below.
  • the pressure of the fluid in bore 206 increases to a point which causes the first piston 280 and a second piston 270 to move toward the second end portion 204 (i.e., downward), thereby shearing shear pins 272, 274 and compressing a spring 254.
  • the first piston 280 moves a predetermined distance
  • the axial protrusions 282 may disengage and become axially offset from the cutting surfaces 218, 248 of the first and second blades 210, 240.
  • a cam or wedge 276 on the second piston 270 may then move or pivot the blades 210, 240 (and also blades 220, 230) outwardly about the hinge pins 214, 244 into an active position.
  • the second end portions 216, 246 of the blades 210, 240, and the cutting surfaces 218, 248 formed thereon are positioned radially outward from the outer surface of the body 200 of the first section mill 120. Accordingly, the blades 210, 240 (and blades 220, 230) are adapted to cut, grind, or mill the casing (which is disposed radially outward from the body 200 of the first section mill 120) in the active position.
  • One or more openings or ports 260, 262 may be formed radially through the body 200.
  • a first opening 260 may be disposed proximate the first end portion 202 of the body 200.
  • the first opening 260 may be disposed between the first end portion 202 of the body 200 and the blades 210, 240.
  • the piston 270 is moved downwardly as shown in Figures 4 and 5 (and as disclosed above), the first opening 260 is exposed and provides a path for fluid to travel between bore 206 and the annulus formed between the outer surface of the body 200 and the casing and/or wellbore wall.
  • a second opening or port 262 may be disposed proximate the second end portion 204 of the body 200.
  • the second opening 262 may be disposed between the second end portion 204 of the body 200 and the blades 210, 240 and/or the seat 250.
  • an opening 264 in the wall of piston 270 may come into axial alignment with the second opening 262 and provide a path for fluid to travel between bore 206 and the annulus formed between the outer surface of the body 200 and the casing and/or wellbore wall.
  • the first and second pistons 280, 270 may move toward the second end portion 204, once again compressing the spring 254.
  • the first and second pistons 280, 270 may move back toward the first end portion 202, and the sloped surfaces 284 of the axial protrusions 282 (if present) may reengage the corresponding cutting surfaces 218, 248 of the first and second blades 210, 240 to secure the first and second blades 210, 240 in the inactive position.
  • Figure 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of the second section mill 140 in an inactive position
  • Figure 7 depicts a cross-sectional view of the second section mill 140 in an active position, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the second section mill 140 includes a body 300 with a first or "upper" end portion 302 and a second or “lower” end portion 304.
  • a bore 306 extends through the body 300, but as will be disclosed in greater detail below, is occluded when the second section mill 140 is in its inactive position.
  • the blades 310, 340 may be movably coupled to the body 300 of the second section mill 140 via hinge pins 314, 344 or other coupling devices known to those skilled in the art which permits the blade 310, 340 to pivot relative to the body 300.
  • the blades 310, 340 may be generally similar to the blades 210, 240 of the first section mill 120 described above.
  • the first and second blades 310, 340 of the second section mill 140 are shown in an inactive position in Figure 6 and in an active position in Figure 7. In the inactive position, the blades 310, 340 are not capable of cutting, grinding, or otherwise milling the casing.
  • the same disclosure herein with respect to blades 310, 340 equally applies to the other blades, e.g., 320, 330, of the second section mill 140.
  • the second section mill 140 may include a valve such as the FLO-TEL® assembly 350 manufactured and sold by Schlumberger Limited.
  • the FLO-TEL assembly 350 is adapted to permit fluid flow through openings 352 and around a stinger 372 to move a piston 370 axially within the bore 306 in response to an increased pressure of the fluid in the bore 306.
  • the piston 370 moves or actuates, thereby causing the blades 310, 340, which are couple thereto, to move or pivot into the active position.
  • the first section mill 120 may alternatively have a valve, such as the FLO-TEL® assembly 350 disclosed above, rather than a ball seat 250.
  • a valve in the first section mill 120 may be arranged and designed to be responsive to a different (e.g., higher) bore fluid pressure than the valve of the second section mill 140 in order to permit independent actuation of the first and second section mills 120, 140.
  • the second section mill 140 may have an arrangement (not shown), e.g., ball seat 250, first/second pistons 270, 280, shear pins 272, 274 and spring 254, similar to that disclosed with respect to first section mill 120.
  • Such arrangement may have a ball seat which is smaller in size to seat a smaller ball. Accordingly, the smaller ball is arranged and designed to pass through the ball seat 250 of the first section mill 120.
  • Figures 8-13 depict an exemplary process for removing a segment of a casing 410 in a wellbore 400. More particularly, Figure 8 depicts the downhole tool 100 disposed within the casing 410 of the wellbore 400, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the downhole tool 100 is run into the wellbore 400 with a tool string 420 to the desired depth.
  • the blades 210, 220, 230, 240, 310, 320, 330, 340 on the first and second section mills 120, 140 may be in the inactive, i.e., folded-in, position.
  • Figure 9 depicts the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 (340 not shown in Figures 9-1 1) of the second section mill 140 in the active position, according to one or more embodiments.
  • pressure may be applied to the tool string 420 from the surface via a pumped fluid.
  • piston 370 in the second section mill 140 actuates the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 of the second section mill 140 into the active position such that they are in contact with the casing 410.
  • Figure 10 depicts the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 of the second section mill 140 milling the casing 410 into a first or "upper" segment 412 and a second or “lower” segment 414, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the tool string 420 and downhole tool 100 may be rotated in any manner known to those skilled in the art, thereby causing the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 to cut through the casing 410. Once the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 have cut through the casing 410, the tool string 420 may gradually lower the downhole tool 100 within the wellbore 400.
  • the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 of the second section mill 140 grind or mill the casing 410 to remove a portion thereof, thereby forming the first or "upper” segment 412 and the second or “lower” segment 414 with a removed portion or "axial gap” 416 disposed therebetween.
  • the length of the axial gap 416 created by the second section mill 140 may range from a low of about 5 m, about 10 m, or about 15 m to a high of about 20 m, about 30 m, about 40 m, or more.
  • Figure 11 depicts the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 of the second section mill 140 retracting into the inactive position, according to one or more embodiments.
  • milling the casing 410 causes the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 of the second section mill 140 to become worn down and less effective.
  • an operator at the surface may retract the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 of the second section mill into the inactive position.
  • the pressure applied to the tool string 420 may be decreased.
  • spring 354 biases the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 from the active position to the inactive position.
  • the tool string 420 may be pulled upward, thereby pulling the downhole tool 100 upward within the wellbore 400.
  • the first segment 412 applies a downward force on the outer surface of the blades 310, 320, 330, 340 causing them to rotate about the hinge pins 314, 344 and into the inactive position.
  • the tail pipe 160 may be long enough so that the third stabilizer 170 (as shown) or the taper mill 180 (see Figure 1) remains disposed within the second segment 414 of the casing 410. This ensures that the downhole tool 100 is properly aligned within the second segment 414 of the casing 410 when the downhole tool 100 is lowered within the wellbore 400 again.
  • Figure 12 depicts the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 (240 not shown in Figures 12-13) of the first section mill 120 in the active position, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the first section mill 120 may be used to increase the length of the axial gap 416 between the first and second segments 412, 414.
  • the tool string 420 may lower the downhole tool 100 to a position in the wellbore 400 where the first section mill 120 is aligned with the axial gap 416 in the casing 410.
  • An impediment 252 may then be inserted into the tool string 420 from an operator at the surface.
  • the impediment 252 travels through the through-bore of the tool string 420 and into the downhole tool 100 where it comes to rest against the seat 250 in the first section mill 120 forming a fluid tight seal therewith.
  • Pressure may then be applied to the fluid in the through-bore of the tool string 420 from the surface via a pumped fluid. Due to the seal, the pressure will continue to rise up to the level where it exceeds the collective resistance of the shear pins 272, 274.
  • This pressure level may range from a low of about 6 MPa, about 8 MPa, or about 10 MPa to a high of about 12 MPa, about 14 MPa, about 16 MPa, or more.
  • This higher pressure causes shear pins 272, 274 within the first section mill 120 to shear, thereby permitting the piston 270 to be moved downward. Downward movement of the piston 270 moves or pivots the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 outwardly into an active position (via cam or wedge 276) and provides a path of fluid communication between the bore 206 of the first section mill 120 and the exterior of the first section mill 120 via the openings 260 and/or 262, as previously disclosed. Such fluid communication between the bore 206 and the annulus causes the pressure in the bore 206 to drop to a level ranging from a low of about 1 MPa, about 1.5 MPa, or about 2 MPa to a high of about 2.5 MPa, about 3 MPa, about 3.5 MPa, or more. This lower pressure maintains the actuation of the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 of the first section mill 120 in their active position, as shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 13 depicts the first section mill 120 milling the casing 410 to increase the length of the axial gap 416 between the first and second segments 412, 414 of the casing 410, according to one or more embodiments.
  • the tool string 420 may then lower the downhole tool 100 within the wellbore 400 until the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 of the first section mill 120 contact the upper end portion of the second segment 414.
  • the tool string 420 may then continue to gradually lower the downhole tool 100 within the wellbore 400.
  • the rotation of the downhole tool 100 causes the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 to grind or mill the second segment 414 of the casing 410, thereby increasing the length of the axial gap 416 in the casing 410.
  • the length of the axial gap 416 in the casing 410 removed by the first section mill 120 may range from a low of about 5 m, about 10 m, or about 15 m to a high of about 20 m, about 30 m, about 40 m, or more.
  • the length of the axial gap 416 in the casing 410 created by the first and second section mills 120, 140 may range from a low of about 10 m, about 20 m, or about 30 m to a high of about 50 m, about 75 m, about 100 m, about 125 m, or more.
  • one or more additional first section mills may be coupled to or integrated with the downhole tool 100 and used to further increase the length of the axial gap 416 in the casing 410.
  • the operator may decrease the pressure of the fluid applied from the surface.
  • the one or more springs 254 may actuate the blades 210, 220, 230, 240 from the active position to the inactive position.
  • the tool string 420 may then be pulled upwardly, thereby pulling the downhole tool 100 upward and out of the wellbore 400.
  • cement may then be introduced into the openhole portion of the wellbore 400, i.e., between the first and second segments 412, 414 of the casing 410, to form a plug or barrier above a previously installed bridge plug. Once the cement plug is in place, the wellbore 400 may be considered abandoned.
  • a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke 35 U.S.C. ⁇ 112, paragraph 6 for any limitations of any of the claims herein, except for those in which the claim expressly uses the words 'means for' together with an associated function.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à une fraise de section destinée à enlever une partie d'un tubage dans un puits de forage. La fraise de section peut comprendre un corps qui comporte une première partie d'extrémité, une seconde partie d'extrémité et un alésage formé axialement à travers cette dernière. Une pluralité de lames peuvent être couplées au corps. Chaque lame peut comporter une première partie d'extrémité et une seconde partie d'extrémité. La première partie d'extrémité de chaque lame peut être couplée au corps par l'intermédiaire d'un axe de charnière et la seconde partie d'extrémité de chaque lame peut comporter une surface de coupe formée sur cette dernière. Un siège peut être formé dans l'alésage. Les lames peuvent être adaptées pour passer d'une position inactive à une position active en réponse à un obstacle qui forme un joint contre le siège.
PCT/US2013/052977 2012-07-31 2013-07-31 Fraise de section à durée de vie prolongée et procédés d'utilisation WO2014022536A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US201261677969P 2012-07-31 2012-07-31
US61/677,969 2012-07-31
US13/954,357 2013-07-30
US13/954,357 US9404331B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2013-07-30 Extended duration section mill and methods of use

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US9404331B2 (en) 2016-08-02
US20140034317A1 (en) 2014-02-06
US20160319619A1 (en) 2016-11-03
US10047582B2 (en) 2018-08-14

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