WO2014020623A1 - Concrete multilayer panel with rubber aggregate wythe - Google Patents
Concrete multilayer panel with rubber aggregate wythe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014020623A1 WO2014020623A1 PCT/IT2013/000192 IT2013000192W WO2014020623A1 WO 2014020623 A1 WO2014020623 A1 WO 2014020623A1 IT 2013000192 W IT2013000192 W IT 2013000192W WO 2014020623 A1 WO2014020623 A1 WO 2014020623A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- rubber
- panel
- weight
- parts
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/02—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2272/00—Resin or rubber layer comprising scrap, waste or recycling material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a precast concrete panel to use for building, such as structural walls and floors and more particularly to a reinforced concrete panel with an inner layer made of with rubber aggregate concrete.
- US3996713 A
- the shape of panel can be only a plane plate, that is the unique geometry which permits to place their special type of anchor.
- This panel requires an adequate structural thickness of all concrete layers but cannot permit the design of slim panels.
- the metal anchor readily transfer heat from one concrete layer to the other through the metal. Consequently there is a low resistance transfer path heat throughout the entire sandwich panel.
- materials of mineral, vegetable, animal and synthetic origins These materials have the form of panels and require many working operations also during the panel casting.
- the rubber aggregates obtained from recycled tires are commonly used as flooring substrates with subflooring functions and with bituminous binders for roads.
- the rubber particles are used also as structural concrete, the rubber size less than 1mm and amount of rubber is between 1% and 30% of the cement weight.
- the rubber particle size is less than 3/8 inch (9.51 mm) and the amount of rubber is between 0.05% and 20% of the weight of the concrete composition.
- the rubber aggregates are also used for the acoustic barriers along the roads.
- the panels of a Patent are 5 x 16 sq.in., the two layers are joined together by a chemical bond.
- concrete multilayer panel with rubber aggregate wythe is composed of insulating inner layers and two concrete outer layers.
- the two concrete layers are reinforced (e.g. welded wire fabric, bars, etc), are continuous and are connected together by shear connectors (e.g. truss, bending reinforcement bars, etc).
- the inner layer is made of concrete which contains rubber aggregates that improve heat and sound insulation and reduce the thermal and acoustic bridges.
- the panel can have either a shape of a plane plate, or a double T section, or a shell, or any other section. This panel have a static and insulating function, it can be used either as a load-bearing wall, or as partitions, or as a floor.
- Figurel is a cross section of a three layers panel composed of two reinforced concrete outer layers (1 and 3) and an inner layer made of concrete containing rubber aggregates (2), shear connectors (5) that link the layers 1 and 3, (4) reinforcement system of the layers 1 and 3.
- Figure 2 Another embodiment with the best thermal insulation characteristics is illustrated in Figure 2 where the inner layer is composed of two sub-layers.
- Figure 2 is a cross section of four layers panel: two reinforced concrete outer layers (1 and 3), a first inner layer in concrete with rubber aggregates (2); a second inner made of plastic cellular material (6); connectors (5) that link the layers 1 and 3; (4) reinforcement system of the layers 1 and 3.
- Figure 3 shows a plant and a schematic arrangement of the connectors (5).
- the rubber concrete inner layer ( 2) is composed of hydraulic binder, filler, rubber aggregates and additives.
- the hydraulic binder is preferably Portland cement but can also be any kind of hydraulic cementicious binder chosen from a group including: alumina cement, , blast furnace slag cement, calcined pozzolan cement, gypsum hemihydrates, polymeric binder or any mixtures thereof.
- hydraulic binder 100 parts by weight of hydraulic binder, from 0 to 90 parts by weight of filler, from 10 to 250 parts by weight of rubber ,from 0 to 3 parts by weight of additive, from 25 to 55 parts by weight of water.
- the rubber concrete composition with polymeric binder is:
- polymeric binder 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder, from 0 to 160 parts by weight of filler, from 10 to 500 parts by weight of rubber aggregates, from 0 to 3 parts by weight of additive, from 25 to 55 parts by weight of water.
- Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of three layer panel according to the present invention comprising two outer reinforced concrete layers, one inner rubber concrete layer, connections between outer layers.
- Figure 2 shows a cross-section view of a four layer panel according to the present invention comprising two outer reinforced concrete layers, two inner layers: one made of rubber concrete, the other made of plastic cellular material, connections between outer layers.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic plan view of connections between concrete outer layers in both directions of panel.
- the panel can be used in green building, either as a a load-bearing wall, or as a partitions, or as a floor, with low acoustic transmission, low thermal conductivity, low thickness and low weight.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The concrete multilayer panel with rubber aggregate wythe is composed of an inner layer, made of concrete with rubber aggregates and two outer layers of reinforced concrete, continuous and structurally connected by shear connectors. The panel can have other a shape of a plane plate or a double T section or a shell or any other section can be used either as a load-bearing wall or as partitions or as a floor. This panel have a static function, a low acoustic transmission a low thermal conductivity, a low thickness and a low weight. The panel can be used in green building and moreover recycled rubber or recycled aggregates are advantageous for environment and ecology.
Description
CONCRETE MULTILAYER PANEL WITH RUBBER AGGREGATE WYTHE
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION :
The present invention relates to a precast concrete panel to use for building, such as structural walls and floors and more particularly to a reinforced concrete panel with an inner layer made of with rubber aggregate concrete.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The precast panel, also called a concrete sandwich or multilayer panel, is composed of two outer layers (or wythes) made of reinforced concrete, separated by an insulating and lightening layer. The two outer layers are connected by shear connectors passing through the insulation wythe. These connectors, tension/compression ties, are spaced at regular intervals to avoid the wythes from separating.
One type of prior art precast concrete sandwich panel of this class is US3996713 (A). In this Patent the shape of panel can be only a plane plate, that is the unique geometry which permits to place their special type of anchor. This panel requires an adequate structural thickness of all concrete layers but cannot permit the design of slim panels. The metal anchor readily transfer heat from one concrete layer to the other through the metal. Consequently there is a low resistance transfer path heat throughout the entire sandwich panel. Normally for the insulation layer are used materials of mineral, vegetable, animal and synthetic origins. These materials have the form of panels and require many working operations also during the panel casting. The higher is the number of operations performed (cutting, position of isolation panel, etc.,) the greater is the possibility of an error during the execution and consequently the insulating thermal/acoustical properties can be reduced and worsen. Also many insulating materials, specially the bio-materials, have high thickness, prone to deterioration with time and humidity and beside have a fairly high cost.
The rubber aggregates obtained from recycled tires, are commonly used as flooring substrates with subflooring functions and with bituminous binders for roads. In the prior art the rubber particles are used also as structural concrete, the rubber size less than 1mm and amount of rubber is between 1% and 30% of the cement weight. In other patents the rubber particle size is less than 3/8 inch (9.51 mm) and the amount of rubber is between 0.05% and 20% of the weight of the concrete composition.
The rubber aggregates are also used for the acoustic barriers along the roads. The panel for the acoustic barrier is composed of a concrete substrate and a thin layer (thicker than 1 inch= 2,54 cm) made of a material containing binder and particles of rubber (with a volume of 25% of the
binder) . The panels of a Patent are 5 x 16 sq.in., the two layers are joined together by a chemical bond.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
concrete multilayer panel with rubber aggregate wythe is composed of insulating inner layers and two concrete outer layers. The two concrete layers are reinforced (e.g. welded wire fabric, bars, etc), are continuous and are connected together by shear connectors (e.g. truss, bending reinforcement bars, etc). The inner layer is made of concrete which contains rubber aggregates that improve heat and sound insulation and reduce the thermal and acoustic bridges. The panel can have either a shape of a plane plate, or a double T section, or a shell, or any other section. This panel have a static and insulating function, it can be used either as a load-bearing wall, or as partitions, or as a floor.
The preferred panel according to this invention is illustrated in Figure.1 and in Figure 3.
Figurel is a cross section of a three layers panel composed of two reinforced concrete outer layers (1 and 3) and an inner layer made of concrete containing rubber aggregates (2), shear connectors (5) that link the layers 1 and 3, (4) reinforcement system of the layers 1 and 3.
Another embodiment with the best thermal insulation characteristics is illustrated in Figure 2 where the inner layer is composed of two sub-layers.
Figure 2 is a cross section of four layers panel: two reinforced concrete outer layers (1 and 3), a first inner layer in concrete with rubber aggregates (2); a second inner made of plastic cellular material (6); connectors (5) that link the layers 1 and 3; (4) reinforcement system of the layers 1 and 3.
Another embodiment of this invention relates the bio-materials use with a further benefit for the environment and for man. The hydraulic binder of concrete layers is Portland cement without blast furnace slag to remove radioactivity, the aggregates are natural quarry and/or recycled from demolition of concrete. The reinforcements are made of austenitic steel or FRP to eliminate the Faraday's cage effect.
Figure 3 shows a plant and a schematic arrangement of the connectors (5).
The connectors (5) that link the reinforced concrete layers 1 and 3 are preferably trusses (fig.l, fig.2) arranged according to the two axes of the panel (fig. 3). These reinforcements may be chosen from materials such as steel, stainless steel, austenitic steel or FRP (Fiber Reinforced
Polymer).
The rubber concrete inner layer ( 2) is composed of hydraulic binder, filler, rubber aggregates and additives.
The hydraulic binder is preferably Portland cement but can also be any kind of hydraulic cementicious binder chosen from a group including: alumina cement, , blast furnace slag cement, calcined pozzolan cement, gypsum hemihydrates, polymeric binder or any mixtures thereof. The filler is preferably fine silica sand but can also be any material chosen from the group including: limestone filler, amorphous silica, rice powder, silica fume, microsilica, furnace slag, granulated slag, blast steel slag, fly ash, metal oxides and hydroxides, clay, polymeric fiber or spheres, or any mixtures thereof.
The rubber aggregate is preferably obtained from the recycled tyres but can also be rubber waste.
It is important to note that the rubber aggregate can directly be used without any preliminary treatment. The rubber sizes are between 0,1 mm e 30,0 mm in order to the necessity and insulating capacity requested.
The admixture ( additives ) can be chosen from a group including water-reducing, accelerating, retarding, admixture foaming, flocculating, puffing, homogenization agents, clayite, metakaolin, aluminium powder.silica fume, pigments, colorants, plasticizersmineral oxides, mineral hydroxides, clays, magnesite or dolomite, metal oxides and hydroxides, pumice, slag,granulated volcanic scoria tuff, shale, slate, perlite, vermiculite, polymeric beads.calcium silicatehydrate and polymeric resin, or any mixtures thereof.
The mix- design of rubber concrete is:
100 parts by weight of hydraulic binder, from 0 to 90 parts by weight of filler, from 10 to 250 parts by weight of rubber ,from 0 to 3 parts by weight of additive, from 25 to 55 parts by weight of water.
The rubber concrete composition with polymeric binder is:
100 parts by weight of polymeric binder, from 0 to 160 parts by weight of filler, from 10 to 500 parts by weight of rubber aggregates, from 0 to 3 parts by weight of additive, from 25 to 55 parts by weight of water.
The panel of our invention have an inner layer made of rubber aggregates concrete that have special properties and advantages as compared to the prior art of reinforced concrete multilayer panels:
- Low acoustic transmission at least 30% less than a prior art panel.
- Low thermal conductivity with λ between 0.25 and 0.6 W/mK
- Reduction of the thickness and the weight of panel if compared to the prior art with the same static functions.
- Corrosion inhibition of reinforcement for basic pH.
- The concrete with rubber have a high "not connected porosity" and low weight about 1/3 if compared to a normal concrete.
- Reduction of times for the preparation and positioning of insulating materials, because the rubber layer is casted directly in the mould.
- Easy adaptation to all shapes, also with a convex or concave mould.
- Durability.
- High fire resistance more than traditional insulating materials.
- Environmental and ecological advantages because the rubber aggregates can be made of recycling tyres.
- Easy laying of the panels and easy connecting between them. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows a cross-section view of three layer panel according to the present invention comprising two outer reinforced concrete layers, one inner rubber concrete layer, connections between outer layers.
Figure 2 shows a cross-section view of a four layer panel according to the present invention comprising two outer reinforced concrete layers, two inner layers: one made of rubber concrete, the other made of plastic cellular material, connections between outer layers.
Figure 3 shows a schematic plan view of connections between concrete outer layers in both directions of panel.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The panel can be used in green building, either as a a load-bearing wall, or as a partitions, or as a floor, with low acoustic transmission, low thermal conductivity, low thickness and low weight.
Claims
1. Multilayer panel comprising two outer reinforced concrete layers, connected between them and an inner layer wherein
the inner layer is concrete with rubber aggregates (e.g. tyres).
2. Multilayer panel comprising two outer reinforced concrete outer layers, connected between them and two inner layers wherein
the first inner layer is concrete with rubber aggregates (e.g. tyres)
the second inner layer is cellular plastic material.
3. Multilayer panel according to claim 1 and claim 2 in which the inner layer is made of : 100 parts by weight of idraulic binder,
from 0 to 90 parts by weight of filler,
from 10 to 250 parts by weight of rubber aggregates with sizes of about 0,2 mm to 30,0 mm, from 0 to 3 parts by weight of additive,
from 25 to 55 parts by weight of water.
4. Multilayer panel according to claim 1 and claim 2 in which the inner layer is made of 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder,
from 0 to 160 parts by weight of filler,
from 10 to 500 parts by weight of rubber aggregates with sizes of about 0,2 mm to 30,0 mm, from 0 to 3 parts by weight of additive
from 25 to 55 parts by weight of water.
5. Multilayer panel according to claim 1 e claim 2 in which connections are trusses selected steel, stainless steel, austenitic steel and FRP.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITTR2012A000007 | 2012-08-03 | ||
| IT000007A ITTR20120007A1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-08-03 | LAYERED PANEL IN REINFORCED CONCROMERATE AND CONGLOMERATED WITH RUBBER AGGREGATES |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014020623A1 true WO2014020623A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
Family
ID=46888592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT2013/000192 WO2014020623A1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2013-07-10 | Concrete multilayer panel with rubber aggregate wythe |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | ITTR20120007A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014020623A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112979227A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Waste steel slag and waste rubber fine aggregate concrete product and preparation method thereof |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3996713A (en) | 1975-04-02 | 1976-12-14 | Ernst Haeussler | Prefabricated multi-layer steel-reinforced concrete panels |
| DE3337247A1 (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-06-28 | Heller, Alfred, 8700 Würzburg | Use of granulated rubber |
| US4495235A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1985-01-22 | Tesch G H | Process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced flat bodies containing a hardenable binder |
| US5002620A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1991-03-26 | Pace Technologies, Inc. | Method of production of fiber-reinforced cellular concrete |
| WO1993025778A1 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-12-23 | Baeckman Bygg Ab S | Wall panel and method and device for manufacturing this panel |
| US5391226A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1995-02-21 | Tiremix Corporation | Rubber-crumb-reinforced cement concrete |
| US5456751A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-10-10 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Particulate rubber included concrete compositions |
| US20050096412A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-05 | Vilem Petr | Rubberized concrete composition and method of making the same |
-
2012
- 2012-08-03 IT IT000007A patent/ITTR20120007A1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-07-10 WO PCT/IT2013/000192 patent/WO2014020623A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3996713A (en) | 1975-04-02 | 1976-12-14 | Ernst Haeussler | Prefabricated multi-layer steel-reinforced concrete panels |
| US4495235A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1985-01-22 | Tesch G H | Process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced flat bodies containing a hardenable binder |
| DE3337247A1 (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-06-28 | Heller, Alfred, 8700 Würzburg | Use of granulated rubber |
| US5002620A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1991-03-26 | Pace Technologies, Inc. | Method of production of fiber-reinforced cellular concrete |
| US5391226A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1995-02-21 | Tiremix Corporation | Rubber-crumb-reinforced cement concrete |
| WO1993025778A1 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-12-23 | Baeckman Bygg Ab S | Wall panel and method and device for manufacturing this panel |
| US5456751A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-10-10 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Particulate rubber included concrete compositions |
| US20050096412A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-05 | Vilem Petr | Rubberized concrete composition and method of making the same |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112979227A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Waste steel slag and waste rubber fine aggregate concrete product and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITTR20120007A1 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
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