WO2014019189A1 - 具有留置导管的真空采血器 - Google Patents

具有留置导管的真空采血器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014019189A1
WO2014019189A1 PCT/CN2012/079568 CN2012079568W WO2014019189A1 WO 2014019189 A1 WO2014019189 A1 WO 2014019189A1 CN 2012079568 W CN2012079568 W CN 2012079568W WO 2014019189 A1 WO2014019189 A1 WO 2014019189A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
blood
needle
blood collection
syringe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/079568
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建铭
Original Assignee
Zhang Jianming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Jianming filed Critical Zhang Jianming
Priority to PCT/CN2012/079568 priority Critical patent/WO2014019189A1/zh
Publication of WO2014019189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014019189A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/153—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
    • A61B5/154—Devices using pre-evacuated means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150389—Hollow piercing elements, e.g. canulas, needles, for piercing the skin
    • A61B5/150404—Specific design of proximal end
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150633—Protective sleeves which are axially extensible, e.g. sleeves connected to, or integrated in, the piercing or driving device; pivotable protective sleeves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150732—Needle holders, for instance for holding the needle by the hub, used for example with double-ended needle and pre-evacuated tube
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/15074—Needle sets comprising wings, e.g. butterfly type, for ease of handling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150992—Blood sampling from a fluid line external to a patient, such as a catheter line, combined with an infusion line; blood sampling from indwelling needle sets, e.g. sealable ports, luer couplings, valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/15003—Source of blood for venous or arterial blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
    • A61B5/150259—Improved gripping, e.g. with high friction pattern or projections on the housing surface or an ergonometric shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150351—Caps, stoppers or lids for sealing or closing a blood collection vessel or container, e.g. a test-tube or syringe barrel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150572—Pierceable protectors, e.g. shields, caps, sleeves or films, e.g. for hygienic purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a human external vacuum blood collection device for clinical medical treatment, in particular to a vacuum blood collection device with an indwelling catheter.
  • a vacuum blood collection tube device in the prior art is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and includes a blood collection needle 1 and a blood sample collection tube 2, and a blood collection needle 1
  • One end is a vascular puncture needle 31, and the other end is provided with a rubber sleeve blood collection needle 51, and the middle is connected by a PVC soft connection tube 13.
  • the protective sleeve on the two needle tubes is first removed, and the blood vessel is inserted into the needle tube.
  • the two-handed operation is required to pull the blood collection needle 51 out of the collection tube 2.
  • the blood collection needle 51 The outer blood collection sealing sleeve is restored, and the blood collection needle tube is wrapped to prevent the blood in the catheter from flowing out to pollute the environment, and then the previous intubation operation is repeated; if it is not necessary to draw blood, the human body puncture needle tube must be pulled out first. Then, put on the needle tip sheath, and then remove the blood collection needle tube 51 on the collection tube 2. It can be seen that the vacuum blood collection device has a separate structure of the blood collection needle 1 and the collection tube 2, and the blood collection process needs to pay attention to the soft connection tube at the same time.
  • the two needles lead to complicated and cumbersome operation, multiple operation steps even require hands and a certain and just enough force to complete the extraction and insertion of the needle tube, and at this time, it is impossible to care for the needle tube at the other end, and thus It involves the coordinated operation of more than one medical staff.
  • This complicated and cumbersome operation and the presence of two needles Invisibly increases the workload and psychological burden of medical staff, and it is prone to misuse in the case of patients with unconsciousness, incitement, uncooperative patients, and infants and children with large physical activity.
  • the puncture needle inserted into the blood vessel is easy to oscillate during the puncture process and the blood collection process. This swing directly causes the needle tip of the puncture needle to damage the blood vessel. This kind of injury can hardly be avoided without cooperating with the large range of the limb movement of the patient. And the damage caused is even greater.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter which is simplified in structure, simple in operation, and difficult to damage blood vessels.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following route.
  • a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter, comprising a vascular puncture needle, a blood collection needle tube and a blood sample collection tube, the main point of which is that there is also a syringe, the puncture needle is an indwelling needle, and the indwelling needle comprises a puncture needle tube, a catheter, The puncture needle seat and the rubber plug blocking the blood, the puncture needle tube is sleeved in the catheter, the needle tip of the puncture needle tube is exposed outside the catheter, the tail end of the puncture needle tube is fixed on the puncture needle seat, and the puncture needle tube and the puncture needle seat form a kind a sliding member that slides back relative to the syringe, the tail end of the indwelling needle catheter is eccentrically inserted on the front end portion of the barrel in a manner close to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel, and the inside of the barrel has a sealed cavity and a cylindrical cavity, wherein the sealing is sealed The cavity is located at the front end of the
  • a blood sample collection tube having a rear end wall plug sealing layer may be a blood collection needle pierced rear
  • the cylindrical cavity of the front end face of the blood sample collection tube has a space for accommodating the blood sample collection tube that is pushed forward by the piercing of the sealing layer, the indwelling needle catheter die, the sealing cavity, the blood collection needle tube die, and the pierced sealing layer
  • the blood sample collection tube lumen forms a blood channel.
  • the vascular puncture needle tube, the blood collection needle tube and the blood sample collection tube are rigidly coupled by a syringe, so that the three are not only integrally constructed but also constitute a traditional syringe structure, the structure is simplified, the holding operation is convenient, and the operation process is the same as that of the traditional syringe.
  • the operation is extremely similar.
  • the puncture needle is replaced with an indwelling needle.
  • the indwelling needle can be a general medical indwelling needle structure.
  • the needle tip of the puncture needle only serves to puncture the blood vessel and guide the catheter into the blood vessel. Once the blood is returned, the puncture needle is then withdrawn.
  • the blood vessels are retained by the flexible catheter in the blood vessels as a channel for blood collection.
  • the needle When collecting blood, the needle is first inserted into the human blood vessel by the needle tip of the indwelling needle. When the blood is returned, the needle is pushed backwards, the needle tip is retracted into the catheter a little, the puncture height is lowered, and the catheter is sent to the blood vessel. Then, continue to withdraw the puncture needle until the catheter, hold the syringe, hold the blood sample collection tube in the other hand or the other hand in the same hand, so that the back end of the blood collection needle pierces the sealing layer of the blood sample collection tube plug. Due to the negative pressure of the blood sample collection tube lumen, blood flows into the collection tube at a faster rate.
  • the object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following means.
  • a backstop that is mounted between the sliding member and the barrel, and the sliding member that retracts to retract the needle into the barrel lumen will resist contact with the backstop if pushed forward.
  • the sliding member that is retracted in position cannot be pushed forward due to the blocking of the check device. Therefore, it is ensured that the retracted puncture needle can no longer be pulled out, and the syringe vacuum blood collection device of the present invention can be used for one-time use.
  • the present invention provides an optimized backstop device:
  • the backstop device is composed of an elastic buckle and a concave hole, and the elastic buckle is located on the syringe barrel, and the concave hole is located on the sliding member, and the sliding member that is retracted into position has the concave hole just engaged with the elastic buckle, thereby preventing the puncture needle tube from being pushed forward.
  • the elastic buckle is composed of a elastic suspension tongue and a buckle at the top end of the tongue.
  • the tail end of the sliding groove of the cylinder is hollowed out at a distance parallel to the sliding groove and is hollowed out at the end of the sliding groove and the sliding groove 'U' Shaped wear, this 'U
  • the center of the shape forms a resilient suspension tongue, and the buckle is located at the top end of the elastic suspension tongue and protrudes in the sliding groove, and the concave hole is located on the push handle of the puncture needle holder.
  • the puncture needle holder push back in position along the sliding groove, and the recess is just engaged with the buckle.
  • the invention can be further optimized to:
  • An indwelling needle catheter disposed adjacent to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel and extending forward is parallel to the center of the cylindrical cavity of the syringe.
  • the sealed cavity at the front of the syringe is a blood returning cavity, and the outer peripheral surface of the syringe has a see-through portion for observing blood return at a position matching the sealing cavity.
  • the front end portion of the syringe has a wedge shape which is extended downwardly and downwardly.
  • the blood vessel puncture needle tube is fixed to the needle barrel at the lower end of the wedge shape, and the see-through portion of the blood returning body can be observed on the inclined surface of the wedge shape.
  • the upper end of the wedge-shaped bevel intersects the outer peripheral surface of the barrel, and the lower end of the wedge-shaped bevel forms a small boss A near the outer circumferential surface of the barrel.
  • the tail end of the catheter is fixed to the syringe through the boss A.
  • the wedge-shaped bevel is facing the operator who is leaning over and is easy to observe.
  • the see-through portion can be made of a transparent material.
  • the sealing cavity at the front of the syringe has an 'L' shape, which is 'L'
  • the front part of the shape of the cross-section is a catheter seat, and the back part is a rubber plug that blocks blood.
  • the puncture needle tube passes through the horizontally-folded section and is fixed to the puncture needle seat behind the rubber stopper.
  • the syringe behind the blood block and the side of the cylindrical cavity have a needle receiving cavity, and the needle tube with the puncture needle seat is accommodated in the cavity, and the axial side of the receiving cavity is axially
  • the extension has a sliding groove with a closed end, and the needle shank protrudes out of the sliding groove and is exposed outside the barrel.
  • the puncture needle seat and the puncture needle tube can be pushed and pulled back and forth along the sliding groove, and the closed end of the sliding groove can prevent the puncture needle seat and the puncture needle tube which are retracted from passing through the syringe.
  • a small boss B is disposed on the rear wall of the sealing chamber near the top of the 'L' shaped vertical fracture, and the front end of the blood collection needle is fixed on the boss B.
  • the blood collection needle is concentrically arranged with the cylindrical cavity and extends rearward along the center of the cylindrical cavity.
  • the rear wall of the sealed chamber is spaced from the front end wall of the cylindrical cavity, and the blood collection needle tube extending rearwardly through the front end wall of the cylindrical cavity is simultaneously supported on the front end wall of the cylindrical cavity.
  • the blood collection needle has a good support connection rigidity.
  • the blood collection needle tube is covered with a blood collection sealing sleeve, and the blood sample collection tube tube plug center is provided with a core hole extending axially to the sealing layer, and the inner diameter of the core hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the blood collection sealing sleeve.
  • the blood sample collection tube plug sealing layer has a thickness of 3-0.5 MM, preferably 1.5-0.5 MM.
  • the cylindrical cavity has a configuration adapted to the blood sample collection tube plug, which not only facilitates the loading and unloading of the blood sample collection tube, but also forms a tight connection with the blood sample collection tube plug. relationship.
  • a further optimization of this configuration may be such that the blood sample collection tube is inserted into the cylindrical cavity and the adapted configuration is a dimensionally transitionally coupled configuration.
  • the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity is symmetrically disposed circumferentially symmetrically with the elastic contact of the blood sample collection tube plug, and when the two are in the contact state, the rear end of the blood collection needle is just to be pierced. Before the sealing layer.
  • the elastic snap configuration can be a short arc cam or the blood sample collection tube plug is made of a resilient material.
  • the elastic snap-in configuration can cause an elastic tight connection between the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity and the plug, but the blood sample collection tube can still be pushed forward or backward relative to the cylindrical cavity when an axial force is applied.
  • Such short arc convex card points are bumps protruding from the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, the thickness is low and the front and rear sides have curved transitions to facilitate the crawling of the pipe plug.
  • the configuration in the cylindrical cavity that fits the plug is a plurality of elastic snap contacts that are circumferentially distributed or symmetrically distributed along the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, and another suitable configuration is made in the tube.
  • L on the outer circumference of the plug a groove and a projecting point formed on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, the protruding point entering from the end of the vertical section of the L-shaped groove at the front end face of the pipe plug
  • the groove can slide therein, and when the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity is elastically caught by the pipe plug, the protruding point has entered L In the vertical section of the shaped groove but not yet reaching the bottom end of the vertical section, the rear end of the blood collection needle tube is just before the sealing layer to be pierced, and after the current blood sample collection tube to the blood collection needle tube pierces the sealing layer, The protruding point just reaches the bottom end of the vertical section, at this time, the blood sample collection tube is rotated, and the protruding point enters A cross-section in an
  • the blood sample collection tube is threaded into the cylindrical cavity and the adapted configuration is a threaded connection configuration.
  • the blood sample collection tube plug is composed of a sealing rubber plug and a protective cover, the sealing rubber plug is plugged in the collecting tube lumen, and the protective cover is plugged on the collecting tube nozzle and the sealing rubber plug.
  • the configuration adapted to the cylindrical cavity is generally provided on the protective cover. This configuration not only facilitates the extraction and insertion of the blood sample collection tube, but also forms a tight connection relationship with the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the length of the cylindrical cavity is smaller than the length of the blood sample collection tube, and the tail of the blood sample collection tube interposed in the cylindrical cavity is exposed outside the cylindrical cavity.
  • the syringe is provided with an elongated slot along the axial direction of the syringe as an operation window at a position corresponding to the inside of the syringe in the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the operation window has two, relatively distributed in the syringe. On both sides.
  • the blood can be observed through the operation window, the state of the blood volume in the blood sample collection tube can be observed, the insertion state and the insertion degree of the blood sample collection tube can also be observed, and the blood sample collection tube can be first passed through the operation window.
  • the pinch plug is forced back out of the blood sample collection tube to prevent detachment of the collection tube body from the tube plug when exiting the blood sample collection tube.
  • a contact surface is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the side of the needle barrel adjacent to the vascular puncture needle tube, and the bottom surface of the contact table has a concave shape or a concave curved shape which is adapted to the elbow of the human body.
  • the contact table facilitates the contact between the syringe and the human body, and increases the friction between the syringe and the human skin, so that the syringe is not easily slipped.
  • a flexible applicator is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the side of the needle tube adjacent to the vascular puncture needle tube.
  • the soft applicator is fixed to the syringe, and has wings on both sides, and the bottom surface of the wing is a flat shape or a A concave curved shape that fits the elbow of the human body.
  • the application of the blade facilitates the contact between the syringe and the human body, and increases the friction between the syringe and the human skin, so that the syringe is not easily slipped.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: the structure is simplified, the holding operation is convenient, and the operation process is extremely similar to the operation of the conventional syringe, and the operation is minimized.
  • the workload and psychological burden of medical staff even in the case of patients with unconsciousness, incitement, uncooperative patients and infants and children with large physical activity, are not prone to misuse, thus improving the safety of operation and Success.
  • the replacement of the puncture needle with the indwelling needle prevents the puncture needle tip from damaging the blood vessel, and reduces the occurrence of phlebitis and metal allergy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the insertion state of a blood sample collection tube of a vacuum blood collection tube apparatus in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the state in which the blood sample collection tube of the vacuum blood collection tube device is withdrawn in the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic front view showing the appearance of a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the appearance of a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a vacuum blood collection device with an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a syringe in a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic left side view showing the structure of a syringe in a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the syringe in the vacuum blood collection device with the indwelling catheter of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing another direction of the syringe in the vacuum blood collection device having the indwelling catheter of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the blood collection needle holder in the vacuum blood collection device with the indwelling catheter of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a blood collection needle holder in a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of a puncture needle holder in a vacuum blood collection device having an indwelling catheter according to the present invention.
  • a vacuum blood collection device with an indwelling catheter, a slotted needle tube 31, a puncture needle holder 32, a catheter 41, a wedge member 42, a syringe 43 , a blood collection needle 51, and a blood collection needle holder 52 , blood barrier rubber plug 53 , connecting cover 54 , wrap 6 and blood sample collection tube 2 .
  • catheter 41 wedges in the tube mounting hole of the syringe 43 through the wedge member 42.
  • the wedge member can be made of medical stainless steel or medical hard plastic.
  • Syringe 43 It is a hollow eccentric tapered shell and a inverted cucurbit cross-section cylindrical shell composite made of medical transparent material.
  • the syringe 43 The front end portion has a wedge shape which is downwardly extended, and the upper end of the wedge-shaped inclined surface intersects with the outer peripheral surface of the barrel, and the downward end of the wedge-shaped inclined surface is near the outer peripheral surface of the barrel (ie, near the inner side edge of the casing)
  • a small boss A433 the boss A433 is provided with a conduit mounting through hole in the center.
  • a protruding connecting ring 434 is disposed directly behind the barrel 43 and behind the boss A433 to secure the blood collection needle assembly.
  • Syringe with inverted hoist section 43 Most of the section near the upper part is contained in a cylindrical shape, and a small section near the lower portion is accommodated in a crescent shape (see Fig.
  • Cavity 431 The rear end of the cylindrical cavity 431 is open, and the crescent shape extends axially to form a needle receiving cavity 432. A sliding groove 435 is closed on the side wall of the crescent shaped cavity. Cylindrical cavity 431 Two symmetrically distributed operating windows 436 are provided at the locations where the two side walls are adapted to the blood sample collection tube 2 tube plug. Cylindrical cavity 431 The inner wall is symmetrically disposed circumferentially with a short arc convex click point 437 that is elastically engaged with the blood sample collection tube plug, so that the blood sample collection tube 2 is inserted into the cylindrical cavity 431. When the middle is upright, it will not fall off, and the collecting tube at the convex card point does not pierce the collecting tube sealing plug, and the short arc convex card point 437 and the blood sample collecting tube plug are made of elastic material. production.
  • Sliding groove 435 The back end is provided with a backstop device, and the rear end surface of the sliding groove behind the backstop device is a flat structure.
  • the rear end plane of the convex card blocks the front end surface of the needle seat, so that the needle seat can no longer be Put the sleeve forward.
  • the backstop is composed of an elastic snap and a pocket 323 which is formed by a resilient tongue 438. And a buckle 439 at the top of the tongue, which is close to the slot sliding groove 435.
  • the tail end is hollowed out at a distance parallel to the sliding groove 435 and is hollowed out at the trailing end of the sliding groove and the sliding groove 435 'U
  • the shape of the U-shape forms a resilient suspension tongue 438.
  • the buckle 439 is located at the top end of the elastic suspension tongue 438 and protrudes in the sliding groove 435.
  • the concave hole 323 is located at the puncture needle holder 32.
  • the puncture needle holder 32 which is retracted in position along the sliding groove 435, has a recess 323 on the cross arm 321 which is engaged with the buckle 439, thereby preventing the puncture needle 31. Push forward.
  • the blood collection needle assembly is made up of a blood collection needle 51, a blood collection needle holder 52, and a blood blocking rubber stopper.
  • the connection cover 54 is composed.
  • the connecting cover 54 is provided with a connecting ring 541 on the outer side, the connecting ring 541 is axially permeable, and the connecting cover 54 is connected with the ring 541 and the syringe connecting ring 434 Insert the fixed joint.
  • the blood collection needle holder 52 and the connection cover 54 are made of medical transparent material, and the blood collection needle holder 52 is an open-shaped cavity body having a side wall of the cavity on one side and an open cover on the other side.
  • the blood collection needle holder 51 is thermally welded or glued to form a hollow cavity, and the hollow body is formed by the axial connection of the connecting ring 541 and the connecting ring 434 (see FIG. 7 of the component).
  • L The 'cavity is the sealing cavity 55, wherein the hollow cavity is the 'L'-shaped vertical fracture, the axial axial clearance of the connecting ring 541 and the axial through-opening of the connecting ring 434 are the 'L'-shaped transverse fracture, blood collection.
  • Needle seat 52 has a cavity side wall which is the rear wall of the sealing cavity 55, and a blood collection needle 51 is arranged on the outer side of the outer side wall of the cavity body, and a boss B521 is fixed, and a blood collection needle tube is arranged in the center of the boss B521.
  • the mounting hole is provided with a hollow boss C522 at the lower side of the side wall of the cavity, and the blood blocking rubber plug 53 is tightly assembled in the boss C522.
  • This sealed chamber 55 serves as a blood return observation chamber.
  • Blood collection needle 52 One end is fixed to the blood collection needle holder 51 mounting hole, and communicates with the blood return observation chamber.
  • the blood flow path is formed by the catheter 41, the blood return observation chamber, and the blood collection needle 52.
  • the blood collection needle 52 is concentrically arranged with the cylindrical cavity 431 and extends rearward along the center of the cylindrical cavity 431.
  • the blood sample collection tube 2 is inserted into the cylindrical cavity 431 in a pluggable manner, and the blood sample collection tube 2 has a rear end wall of the tube plug which is pierced by the rear end of the blood collection needle 51.
  • the sealing layer 21 has a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the cylindrical cavity 431 of the front end surface of the blood sample collection tube 2 has a space for accommodating the blood sample collection tube 2 which is pushed forward by the sealing layer 21, and the blood collection needle tube 51 is covered with a blood collection sealing sleeve, and the blood sample collection tube 2 is provided with a core hole 22 extending axially to the sealing layer 21, and the inner diameter of the core hole 22 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the blood collection sealing sleeve.
  • the blood collection needle When the blood collection sealing sleeve is inserted into the pipe plug along the core hole 22, the blood collection sealing sleeve is subjected to axial compression and compression, and is radially twisted and expanded and deformed, so as to be squeezed and rubbed against the inner wall of the core hole 22, and the blood collection needle tube is not allowed to be 51. Take out the sealant plug.
  • the grooved puncture needle 31 and the puncture needle hub 32 constitute a puncture needle assembly.
  • Puncture needle 31 One end passes through the blood blocking rubber plug 53 (see FIG. 12) on the blood collection needle assembly, and the 'L' shaped cavity is transversely broken and placed in the catheter 41. The needle tip is exposed outside the catheter 41, and the other end is fixed to the needle holder.
  • the puncture hub cross arm 321 is transversely passed through the syringe sliding slot 435 and is slidable in the slot, and the puncture needle pusher 322 protrudes out of the sliding slot 435 and is exposed to the syringe 43 Outside.
  • the closed sliding groove 435 at the end prevents the retracted puncture needle holder 32 and the puncture needle 31 from passing out of the syringe 43.
  • a flexible applicator is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the side of the syringe adjacent to the vascular puncture needle 31.
  • the soft flap 6 is fixed to the syringe 43 and has wings on both sides.
  • the bottom surface of the flap 6 has a flat shape or a concave curved shape which is adapted to the elbow of the human body.
  • the bottom of the flap 6 is provided with a viscous glue dot.
  • the puncture needle pushing handle When using, pinch the syringe 43 and puncture the needle tip into the blood vessel. After observing the blood return from the blood returning chamber, the puncture needle pushing handle is removed. The needle tip is retracted into the catheter 41 a little, the puncture angle is lowered, the catheter 41 is fed into the blood vessel, and then the puncture needle pusher 322 is slid back along the sliding groove 435, and the puncture needle 31 is punctured. As the movement moves backwards, the blood barrier rubber plug 53 in the blood returning chamber is tightly fitted with the puncture needle tube 31, and the blood does not leak out of the rubber stopper, and the push handle 322 slides to the sliding groove 435.
  • the puncture tip is also retracted into the catheter wedge 42 after the conduit 41 In the blood vessel, the elastic buckle on the chute is reset, and the rear end plane of the buckle blocks the front end surface of the cross arm of the needle seat, so that the needle seat can no longer move forward, so the purpose of anti-needle stab is achieved, and at the same time, only the duct 41 Stay in the blood vessels, and after various operations and shaking on the system, the catheter 41 will not cause damage to the blood vessels, reducing phlebitis and metal allergic reactions.
  • press the flap 6 again to let the flap 6 Sticking to the arm will not cause the blood collection system to fall off.
  • the syringe 43 Hold the syringe 43 with one hand and gently push the collection tube from the rear end of the blood sample collection tube 2 so that the needle tip of the blood collection needle 52 pierces the rear sealing layer. Due to the negative pressure in the collection tube 2, the blood enters the blood return chamber through the catheter 41, and then passes through the blood collection needle tube and rapidly flows into the blood sample collection tube.
  • the blood collection needle tube is still in the blood collection sealing sleeve, and the needle tip does not expose the rear end surface of the blood collection sealing sleeve, so that the needle tip of the blood collection needle tube can not be injured, and the blood collection sealing sleeve also plays the insertion guide during the repeated replacement of the blood collection tube.
  • the role of the blood collection needle tip will not stab the person, so it plays a safety protection role.
  • the blood collection sealing sleeve is rebounded and sealed, and the blood collection needle head is sealed to avoid blood pollution.

Abstract

临床医疗上的一种人体外真空采血器械，特别是一种具有留置导管的真空采血器，其结构要点在于，以针筒（43）刚性联接血管穿刺针管（31）、采血针管（51）和血液样本收集管（2），使三者不但一体构造而且组成一种传统的针筒构造。优点在于：结构简化，把持操作方便，且操作过程与传统针筒的操作极其相似，最大限度的减少了医护人员工作量和心理负担，即使在遭遇到意识不清、躁动、不合作的病人以及婴幼儿病人而肢体活动幅度大的情景下，也不容易产生误操作，从而提高了操作的安全性和成功度。而将穿刺针替换成留置针，防止了穿刺针尖损伤血管的现象，减少静脉炎发生和金属过敏反应。

Description

具有留置导管的真空采血器 技术领域
本发明涉及 临床医疗上 一种人体外真空采血器械，特别是一种具有留置导管的真空采血器。
背景技术
现有技术中的 一种真空采血管装置如图 1 、图 2 所示，包括采血针 1 和血液样本收集管 2 ，采血针 1 一端是血管穿刺针管 31 ，另一端是带有胶套采血针管 51 ，中间通过 PVC 软连接管 13 连接。该装置在采血时，先拔除两头针管上保护套，将血管穿刺针管 31 刺入病患手臂静脉中，等血液进入采血导管中，医务人员立即用小拇指压住该血管穿刺针管 31 的针柄，以防穿刺针管脱落；由于血液样本收集管 2 密封胶塞很厚，采血针管 51 针尖斜面角度大，针尖钝，加上采血针管 51 密封胶管在受到轴向挤压时弹力很大，故需要双手才能将采血针管 51 刺入血液样本收集管中，操作相当不便。由于血液样本收集管 2 内是负压，血液流入该收集管中的速度较快。待采集到所需样量，若需采集多管血液样本，还得双手操作才能将采血针管 51 从收集管 2 中拔出。此时采血针管 51 外采血密封套复原，包住采血针管，防止导管中血液流出污染环境，然后再重复之前的插管操作；若是不需要再抽血，就得先拔出人体上穿刺针管 31 ，再套上针尖护套，再拔除收集管 2 上采血针管 51 。由此可见这种真空采血装置由于采血针 1 和收集管 2 分体构造，采血过程需同时关顾软连接管 13 的两头针管，导致操作复杂繁琐，多个操作步骤甚至需要双手且还需施以一定且恰到好处的力道才能完成针管的拔出和插入，而此时就无法关顾到另一头的针管，这样又牵涉到需要一个以上的医护人员的协同操作。这种复杂繁琐的操作步骤以及两头针管的存在， 无形中增加了医护人员工作量和心理负担，在遭遇到意识不清、躁动、不合作的病人以及婴幼儿病人而肢体活动幅度大的情景下，容易产生误操作。而穿刺入血管的穿刺针管在穿刺过程以及采血过程中极易产生摆动，这种摆动直接导致穿刺针管针尖对血管的损伤，在不配合病人肢体活动幅度大的情景下，这种损伤几乎无法避免而且造成的损伤更大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足之处，而提供一种结构简化、操作简单容易、不易损伤血管的具有留置导管的真空采血器。
本发明的目的是通过以下途径来实现的。
具有留置导管的真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针、采血针管和血液样本收集管，其组成要点在于，还包括有一种针筒，穿刺针是一种留置针，该留置针包括穿刺针管、导管、穿刺针座以及阻隔血液的胶塞，穿刺针管套置在导管内，穿刺针管的针尖突露在导管外，穿刺针管的尾端固定在穿刺针座上，穿刺针管和穿刺针座组成一种可以相对针筒后退滑动的滑动部件，留置针导管的尾端以靠近针筒外周面的方式偏心插置在针筒的前端部上，针筒内部具有一密封腔和一筒形空腔，其中密封腔位于针筒前端，留置针导管的管芯与该密封腔连通，采血针管的前端固置在该密封腔壁上，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管的管塞中，采血针管的管芯与该密封腔连通，筒形空腔位于密封腔的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管的管塞在前以可拆装的的方式套置在该筒形空腔中，血液样本收集管管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管后端刺穿的密封层 , 血液样本收集管前端面的筒形空腔具有为刺穿此密封层而前推的血液样本收集管容置的空间，留置针导管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
这样，以针筒刚性联接血管穿刺针管、采血针管和血液样本收集管，使三者不但一体构造而且组成一种传统的针筒构造，结构简化，把持操作方便，且操作过程与传统针筒的操作极其相似。而将穿刺针替换成留置针，这种留置针可以是一般的医用留置针构造，这样，穿刺针管针尖只起穿刺血管并导引导管进入血管的作用，一旦见回血，穿刺针管即后撤出血管，由柔性的导管滞留在血管中作为采血的通道。
采血时，把持针筒首先将留置针穿刺针管针尖刺入人体血管中，等见回血后，向后推穿刺针座推柄，将针尖缩进导管内少许，降低穿刺高度，将导管送入血管中，然后继续后撤穿刺针管直到导管之后，一手持住针筒，另一手或同一手另一手指前顶血液样本收集管，使采血针管后端刺穿血液样本收集管管塞的密封层，由于血液样本收集管管腔的负压，血液流入该收集管中的速度较快。待采集到所需样量，若需采集多管血液样本，只需单手将收集管从筒形空腔中拔出，此时采血针管外软胶套做成的采血密封套复原，包住采血针管，防止导管中血液流出污染环境，然后再插入新的血液样本收集管；若是不需要再抽血，只需先拔出人体上留置针导管，再拔除收集管即可。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下途径来实现。
还包括有一种逆止装置，此逆止装置安装在滑动部件与针筒之间，后退至穿刺针管缩回到针筒内腔中的滑动部件若逆向前推将与此逆止装置阻止接触。
这样，因逆止装置的阻止，后退到位的滑动部件将不能前推。从而既保证后退的穿刺针管不会再推移出伤人，也可以促使本发明所述的这种针筒式真空采血器一次性使用。
这种逆止装置在现有技术中的针形医疗器械中常见，大多都可以应用在本发明中。本发明在此提供一种优化的逆止装置：
该逆止装置由弹性卡扣和凹坑组成，弹性卡扣位于针筒上，凹坑位于滑动部件上，后退到位的滑动部件其凹坑恰与弹性卡扣卡接，从而阻止穿刺针管前推。
该弹性卡扣由弹性悬舌以及悬舌顶端的卡扣组成，靠近针筒滑动槽尾端沿与滑动槽平行的间隔处掏空并让此掏空在滑动槽尾端与滑动槽' U '形连穿，此' U '形中央即形成一弹性悬舌，卡扣位于此弹性悬舌顶端并突凸在滑动槽中，凹坑位于穿刺针座的推柄上。
沿滑动槽后退到位的穿刺针座推柄，其凹坑恰与此卡扣卡接。
本发明可以进一步优化为：
靠近针筒外周面布置并向前延伸的留置针导管与针筒筒形空腔的中心平行。
针筒前部的密封腔是一种回血腔，针筒外周面与该密封腔相适配的位置上具有可观察回血的透视部。
针筒前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，血管穿刺针管在该楔形的下伸端头与针筒固接，可观察回血的透视部位于该楔形的斜面上。
该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面的位置形成一种小凸台 A ，导管尾端通过此凸台 A 与针筒固接。
这样，该楔形斜面正对着俯身进行操作的操作者，便于观察。
该透视部可以使用透明材料制成。
针筒前部的密封腔呈一种' L '形，该' L '形的横折段前部是导管座，后部是阻隔血液的胶塞，穿刺针管横向穿行过此横折段与胶塞后方的穿刺针座固接。
阻隔血液的胶塞后方、筒形空腔侧部的针筒上具有一种针管容置腔，随穿刺针座后撤的针管容置在此腔中，此容置腔的侧壁上轴向延伸有一种尾端封闭的滑动槽，穿刺针座推柄突穿出此滑动槽并露在针筒外。
这样，可沿此滑动槽前后推拉穿刺针座暨穿刺针管，滑动槽尾端封闭可以阻止后撤的穿刺针座暨穿刺针管穿出针筒。
接近该' L '形竖折断顶部的密封腔后壁上具有一小凸台 B ，采血针管前端固定在此凸台 B 上。
采血针管与筒形空腔同心布置，并沿着筒形空腔中心向后延伸。
该密封腔后壁与筒形空腔前端壁之间具有间隔，向后延伸穿过此筒形空腔前端壁的采血针管同时支座在该筒形空腔前端壁上。
这样，采血针管具备了较好的支撑联接刚性。
采血针管外包覆有采血密封套，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套外径稍大。
这样，采血针管带同采血密封套沿此芯孔穿入管塞时，采血密封套受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，正好与此芯孔内孔壁挤压摩擦，更不致让采血针管脱出密封胶塞。
血液样本收集管管塞密封层厚度为 3-0.5MM, 最好是 1.5-0.5MM 。
这样采血针管可轻松穿破密封层。
筒形空腔内具有与血液样本收集管管塞相适配的构造，此构造不但方便血液样本收集管的装入和取出，同时又与血液样本收集管管塞配合连接形成较紧实的连接关系。
此构造的进一步优化可以是这样：血液样本收集管插置在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种尺寸上过渡配合联接的构造。
还可以是这样：筒形空腔内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管管塞适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前。
这样既方便插在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管直立时不会脱落出来，又从触感上给出了安装在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管的插入程度，从而方便安装。
此弹性卡触构造可以是一种短弧凸卡点，或者此短弧凸卡点或者血液样本收集管管塞由弹性材料制成。
这种弹性卡触构造可以造成筒形空腔内壁与管塞的弹性紧迫连接状态，但在施加轴向力时，血液样本收集管依然会相对筒形空腔做自如的前推或后退。
这种短弧凸卡点顾名思义就是一种突凸在筒形空腔内壁上的凸点，厚度低浅而且前后侧均有弧形过渡，以便于管塞的爬行穿越。
还可以在这种弹性卡触构造的基础上另行增加其他的适配连接构造进行配合使用以达到更好的使用效果，以下是其中一种优化的配合使用：
筒形空腔内与管塞相适配的构造是一种复数个沿筒形空腔的内壁周向分布或对称分布的弹性卡触的构造，另一种相适配的构造是制作在管塞外周面上的 L 形槽以及制作在筒形空腔内壁上的突凸点，该突凸点从位于管塞前端面的 L 形槽竖直段的端头进入 L 形槽并可在其中滑动，当筒形空腔内壁与管塞弹性卡触时，该突凸点已进入 L 形槽中的竖直段中但尚未到达该竖直段的底端，此时采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前，当前顶血液样本收集管至采血针管刺穿密封层后，该突凸点恰到达该竖直段的底端，此时旋转血液样本收集管，该突凸点进入 L 形槽中的横折段。
这样， L 形槽中的横折段可以锁死血液样本收集管在轴向上的自由度，使其相对针筒既不能前推也不能后退。
又可以是这样：血液样本收集管螺纹连接在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种螺纹连接构造。
血液样本收集管管塞由密封胶塞和保护盖组成，密封胶塞套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上。
与筒形空腔相适配的构造一般设置在保护盖上。此构造不但方便血液样本收集管拔出和插入，同时又与血液样本收集管管塞配合连接形成较紧实的连接关系。
筒形空腔的长度小于血液样本收集管的长度，插置在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管的尾部裸露在筒形空腔外。
针筒在与血液样本收集管管塞内含在针筒内相适配的位置上沿针筒轴向设置有一种长条槽作为操作窗，此操作窗共有两个，相对分布在针筒的两侧。
这样可通过此操作窗观察回血，观察血液样本收集管内血量的状态，也可观察血液样本收集管的插入状态和插入程度，还可在拔出血液样本收集管时，先透过此操作窗捏持管塞向后用力退出血液样本收集管，从而防止退出血液样本收集管时收集管本体与管塞的脱离。
血管穿刺针管所靠近的针筒那一侧外周面上设置有一种触台，此触台底面呈一种平面形或呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形。
这种触台方便针筒与人体的靠触，增加针筒与人体肌肤的摩擦力，使针筒不易滑脱。
血管穿刺针管所靠近的针筒那一侧外周面上设置有一种软质敷翼，此软质敷翼与针筒固接，两侧具有翼展，敷翼底面呈一种平面形或呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形。
这种敷翼方便针筒与人体的靠触，增加针筒与人体肌肤的摩擦力，使针筒不易滑脱。
还可以进一步在敷翼底面设置粘性胶点。
综上所述，本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：结构简化，把持操作方便，且操作过程与传统针筒的操作极其相似，最大限度的减少了 医护人员工作量和心理负担，即使在遭遇到意识不清、躁动、不合作的病人以及婴幼儿病人而肢体活动幅度大的情景下，也不容易产生误操作，从而提高了操作的安全性和成功度。 而将穿刺针替换成留置针，防止了穿刺针尖损伤血管的现象，减少静脉炎发生和金属过敏放应。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中一种 真空采血管装置血液样本收集管插入状态示意图。
图2是现有技术中一种 真空采血管装置血液样本收集管撤出状态示意图。
图 3 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器的外观示意主视图。
图 4 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器的外观示意俯视图。
图 5 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器的结构示意剖视图。
图 6 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器的立体示意图。
图 7 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的针筒结构示意剖视图。
图 8 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的针筒结构示意左视图。
图 9 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的针筒立体示意图。
图 10 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的针筒另一种方向的立体示意图。
图 11 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的采血针座立体示意图。
图 12 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的采血针座剖视示意图。
图 13 是本发明所述具有留置导管的真空采血器中的穿刺针座立体示意图。
标号说明：
1 采血针 13 软连接管 2 血液样本收集管 21 密封层 22 芯孔 31 穿刺针管 32 穿刺针座 321 横臂 322 推柄 323 凹坑 41 导管 42 楔紧件 43 针筒 431 筒形空腔 432 容置腔 433 凸台 A 434 连接环 435 滑动槽 436 操作窗 437 短弧凸卡点 438 弹性悬舌 439 卡扣 51 采血针管 52 采血针座 521 凸台 B 522 凸台 C 53 血液阻隔胶塞 54 连接盖 541 连接环 55 密封腔 6 敷翼。
下面结合附图对本发明进行更详尽的描述。
具体实施方式
最佳实施例：
参照图 3 、图 4 、图 5 、图 6 、图 7 、图 8 、图 9 ，具有留置导管的真空采血器，由带槽穿刺针管 31 、穿刺针座 32 、导管 41 、楔紧件 42 、针筒 43 、采血针管 51 、采血针座 52 、血液阻隔胶塞 53 、连接盖 54 、敷翼 6 和血液样本收集管 2 组成。
参照图 5 、图 6 、图 7 、图 8 ，导管 41 、楔紧件 42 和针筒 43 组成针筒组件。导管 41 通过楔紧件 42 楔紧在针筒 43 导管安装孔中，楔紧件可以是医用不锈钢、医用硬塑料制成。针筒 43 是一中空偏心锥状壳体与倒葫芦截面状筒形壳体复合体，由医用透明材料制成。这样，针筒 43 前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面（即靠近壳体内侧边缘）的位置形成一种小凸台 A433 ，凸台 A433 中央设置导管安装通孔。在针筒 43 内侧、凸台 A433 的正后方设置凸出连接环 434 ，以便固接采血针管组件。倒葫芦截面的针筒 43 ，靠近上部的大部分截面包容成一种圆柱筒形，靠近下部的小部分截面则包容成一种月牙形（见图 8 ），此圆柱筒形沿轴向延伸形成可插置血液样本收集管的筒形空腔 431 ，该筒形空腔 431 后端开放，此月牙形沿轴向延伸形成针管容置腔 432 ，在此月牙形空腔一侧壁设置一尾端封闭的滑动槽 435 。筒形空腔 431 两侧壁与血液样本收集管 2 管塞相适配的部位上设置有两个对称分布的操作窗 436 。筒形空腔 431 内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管管塞适配处弹性卡触的短弧凸卡点 437 ，以便血液样本收集管 2 插在筒形空腔 431 中直立时不会脱落出来，而且收集管在此凸卡点处采血针管针尖恰好还未刺穿收集管密封胶塞，此短弧凸卡点 437 以及血液样本收集管管塞均由由弹性材料制成。
滑动槽 435 尾端设置了一种逆止装置，逆止装置后的的滑动槽后端面是平面构造，穿刺针座后撤到极限位置时，凸卡后端平面挡住针座前端面，令针座无法再往前穿出套筒。
参照图 10 、图 13 ，该逆止装置由弹性卡扣和凹坑 323 组成，该弹性卡扣由弹性悬舌 438 以及悬舌顶端的卡扣 439 组成，靠近针筒滑动槽 435 尾端沿与滑动槽 435 平行的间隔处掏空并让此掏空在滑动槽尾端与滑动槽 435 ' U '形连穿，此' U '形中央即形成一弹性悬舌 438 ，卡扣 439 位于此弹性悬舌 438 顶端并突凸在滑动槽 435 中，凹坑 323 位于穿刺针座 32 的横臂 321 上。沿滑动槽 435 后退到位的穿刺针座 32 ，其横臂 321 上的凹坑 323 恰与此卡扣 439 卡接，从而阻止穿刺针管 31 反向前推。
参照图 5 、图 11 、图 12 ，采血针管组件由采血针管 51 、采血针座 52 、血液阻隔胶塞 53 和连接盖 54 组成。其中连接盖 54 外侧设置连接环 541 ，连接环 541 内部轴向透空，连接盖 54 上连接环 541 与针筒连接环 434 插入固接。采血针座 52 、连接盖 54 是由医用透明材料制成，采血针座 52 是一敞口形腔体，其一侧具有腔体侧壁，另一侧敞口，连接盖 54 于此敞口处与采血针座 51 通过热熔接或胶接构成中空腔体，此中空腔体与上述连接环 541 、连接环 434 （该部件见附图 7 ）内部轴向透空组成的' L '形空腔即为密封腔 55 ，其中中空腔体即为' L '形竖折断，连接环 541 内部轴向透空以及连接环 434 内部轴向透空即为' L '形横折断，采血针座 52 一侧具有腔体侧壁即为密封腔 55 后壁，在腔体侧壁外侧上部设置采血针管 51 固接凸台 B521 ，凸台 B521 中央有采血针管 51 安装孔，腔体侧壁外侧下部设置一中空凸台 C522 ，凸台 C522 内紧密装配血液阻隔胶塞 53 。此密封腔 55 作为回血观察腔。采血针管 52 一端固接于采血针座 51 安装孔，与回血观察腔连通。这样由导管 41 、回血观察腔和采血针管 52 管芯构成了血液流动通道。
参照图 5 ，采血针管 52 与筒形空腔 431 同心布置，并沿着筒形空腔 431 中心向后延伸 , ，血液样本收集管 2 管塞在前以可拔插的的方式插置在该筒形空腔 431 中，血液样本收集管 2 管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管 51 后端刺穿的密封层 21, 密封层 21 厚度为 1.5MM ，血液样本收集管 2 前端面的筒形空腔 431 具有为刺穿此密封层 21 而前推的血液样本收集管 2 容置的空间，采血针管 51 外包覆有采血密封套，血液样本收集管 2 管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层 21 的芯孔 22 ，此芯孔 22 内径比采血密封套外径稍大。这样，采血针管 51 带同采血密封套沿此芯孔 22 穿入管塞时，采血密封套受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，正好与此芯孔 22 内孔壁挤压摩擦，更不致让采血针管 51 脱出密封胶塞。
参照图 5 、图 6 、图 7 ，带槽穿刺针管 31 与穿刺针座 32 组成穿刺针管组件。穿刺针管 31 一端依次穿过采血针管组件上血液阻隔胶塞 53 （见图 12 ）、' L '形空腔横折断后套置在导管 41 中，针尖露出导管 41 外，另一端固接于穿刺针座 32 上安装孔中，穿刺针座横臂 321 横向穿过针筒滑动槽 435 并可在此槽中滑动，穿刺针座推柄 322 突穿出此滑动槽 435 并露在针筒 43 外。尾端封闭的滑动槽 435 可以阻止后撤的穿刺针座 32 暨穿刺针管 31 穿出针筒 43 外。
参照图 3 、图 4 、图 6 ，血管穿刺针管 31 所靠近的针筒那一侧外周面上设置有一种软质敷翼 6 ，此软质敷翼 6 与针筒 43 固接，两侧具有翼展，敷翼 6 底面呈一种平面形或呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形。敷翼 6 底面设置粘性胶点。
使用时，手捏住针筒 43 ，将针尖刺入血管，等从回血仓观察到回血后，后撤穿刺针座推柄 322 ，将针尖缩进导管 41 内少许，降低穿刺角度，将导管 41 送入血管，然后顺着滑动槽 435 往后滑动穿刺针座推柄 322 ，穿刺针管 31 亦随着往后移动，由于回血仓内血液阻隔胶塞 53 与穿刺针管 31 紧密配合密闭，血液不会渗出胶塞之外，推柄 322 滑动至滑动槽 435 尾端，穿刺针尖亦缩进到导管楔紧件 42 之后，导管 41 留在血管中，滑槽上弹性卡扣复位，卡扣后端平面挡住针座横臂前端面，令针座无法再往前移动，故达到了防针刺伤目的，同时由于只有导管 41 留在血管中，以后系统上各种操作和晃动，导管 41 不会对血管造成损伤，减少静脉炎发生和金属过敏反应。撤出穿刺针管 31 之后，再下压敷翼 6 ，让敷翼 6 粘在手臂上，不会令采血系统脱落，一只手轻扶针筒 43 ，另一只手从血液样本收集管 2 后端部轻推收集管，让采血针管 52 针尖刺破后端密封层 21 ，由于收集管 2 内负压作用，血液通过导管 41 进入回血腔，再通过采血针管，快速流入血液样本收集管 2 中，至要求的样量后，若还需进行多管血液采集，一只手捏住针筒 43 固定住采血系统，另一只手通过针筒 43 上操作窗 436 ，捏住收集管管塞，往外拉动收集管，直至采血针管 52 完全脱出收集管管塞，顺势拉出收集管，再更换插入新收集管进行采血。采血结束后，捏住针筒 43 ，直接撤出血管中导管 41 。竖起采血系统，再退出血液样本收集管 2 ，采血针管仍处于采血密封套内，针尖不露出采血密封套后端面，故能保证采血针管针尖也不会伤到人，而且在反复更换血液收集管过程中，采血密封套还起到插入导向作用，采血针尖不会刺到人，故起到安全防护作用，同时采血密封套回弹密闭，封住采血针管头，避免了血液污染。
本实施例未述部分与现有技术相同。

Claims (26)

  1. 具有留置导管的真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针、采血针管和血液样本收集管，其特征在于，还包括有一种针筒，穿刺针是一种留置针，该留置针包括穿刺针管、导管、穿刺针座以及阻隔血液的胶塞，穿刺针管套置在导管内，穿刺针管的针尖突露在导管外，穿刺针管的尾端固定在穿刺针座上，穿刺针管和穿刺针座组成一种可以相对针筒后退滑动的滑动部件，留置针导管的尾端以靠近针筒外周面的方式偏心插置在针筒的前端部上，针筒内部具有一密封腔和一筒形空腔，其中密封腔位于针筒前端，留置针导管的管芯与该密封腔连通，采血针管的前端固置在该密封腔壁上，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管的管塞中，采血针管的管芯与该密封腔连通，筒形空腔位于密封腔的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管的管塞在前以可拆装的的方式套置在该筒形空腔中，血液样本收集管管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管后端刺穿的密封层 , 血液样本收集管前端面的筒形空腔具有为刺穿此密封层而前推的血液样本收集管容置的空间，留置针导管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，还包括有一种逆止装置，此逆止装置安装在滑动部件与针筒之间，后退至穿刺针管缩回到针筒内腔中的滑动部件若逆向前推将与此逆止装置阻止接触。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，该逆止装置由弹性卡扣和凹坑组成，弹性卡扣位于针筒上，凹坑位于滑动部件上，后退到位的滑动部件其凹坑恰与弹性卡扣卡接，从而阻止穿刺针管前推。
  4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，该弹性卡扣由弹性悬舌以及悬舌顶端的卡扣组成，靠近针筒滑动槽尾端沿与滑动槽平行的间隔处掏空并让此掏空在滑动槽尾端与滑动槽' U '形连穿，此' U '形中央即形成一弹性悬舌，卡扣位于此弹性悬舌顶端并突凸在滑动槽中，凹坑位于穿刺针座的推柄上，沿滑动槽后退到位的穿刺针座推柄，其凹坑恰与此卡扣卡接。
  5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，靠近针筒外周面布置并向前延伸的留置针导管与针筒筒形空腔的中心平行。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒前部的密封腔是一种回血腔，针筒外周面与该密封腔相适配的位置上具有可观察回血的透视部。
  7. 根据权利要求 1 或 6 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，血管穿刺针管在该楔形的下伸端头与针筒固接，可观察回血的透视部位于该楔形的斜面上。
  8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面的位置形成一种小凸台 A ，导管尾端通过此凸台 A 与针筒固接。
  9. 根据权利要求 1 或 6 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒前部的密封腔呈一种' L '形，该' L '形的横折段前部是导管座，后部是阻隔血液的胶塞，穿刺针管横向穿行过此横折段与胶塞后方的穿刺针座固接。
  10. 根据权利要求 9 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，阻隔血液的胶塞后方、筒形空腔侧部的针筒上具有一种针管容置腔，随穿刺针座后撤的针管容置在此腔中，此容置腔的侧壁上轴向延伸有一种尾端封闭的滑动槽，穿刺针座推柄突穿出此滑动槽并露在针筒外。
  11. 根据权利要求 9 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，接近该' L '形竖折断顶部的密封腔后壁上具有一小凸台 B ，采血针管前端固定在此凸台 B 上。
  12. 根据权利要求 11 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，采血针管与筒形空腔同心布置，并沿着筒形空腔中心向后延伸。
  13. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，该密封腔后壁与筒形空腔前端壁之间具有间隔，向后延伸穿过此筒形空腔前端壁的采血针管同时支座在该筒形空腔前端壁上。
  14. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，采血针管外包覆有采血密封套，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套外径稍大，采血针管带同采血密封套沿此芯孔穿入管塞时，采血密封套受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，与此芯孔内孔壁挤压摩擦。
  15. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管管塞密封层厚度为 3-0.5MM 。
  16. 根据权利要求 15 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管管塞密封层厚度为 1.5-0.5MM 。
  17. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔内具有与血液样本收集管管塞相适配的构造，其与血液样本收集管管塞配合连接形成较紧实的连接关系，血液样本收集管经由此构造装入和取出筒形空腔。
  18. 根据权利要求 17 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管插置在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种尺寸上过渡配合联接的构造。
  19. 根据权利要求 17 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管管塞适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前，经由此弹性卡触构造筒形空腔内壁与管塞形成弹性紧迫连接状态，但此弹性阻滞力小于手动施加的轴向力。
  20. 根据权利要求 19 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，此弹性卡触构造可以是一种短弧凸卡点，或者此短弧凸卡点或者血液样本收集管管塞由弹性材料制成。
  21. 根据权利要求 20 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，这种短弧凸卡点是一种突凸在筒形空腔内壁上的凸点，厚度低浅而且前后侧均有便于管塞爬行穿越的弧形过渡。
  22. 根据权利要求 17 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔内与管塞相适配的构造是一种复数个沿筒形空腔的内壁周向分布或对称分布的弹性卡触的构造，另一种相适配的构造是制作在管塞外周面上的 L 形槽以及制作在筒形空腔内壁上的突凸点，该突凸点从位于管塞前端面的 L 形槽竖直段的端头进入 L 形槽并可在其中滑动，当筒形空腔内壁与管塞弹性卡触时，该突凸点已进入 L 形槽中的竖直段中但尚未到达该竖直段的底端，此时采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前，当前顶血液样本收集管至采血针管刺穿密封层后，该突凸点恰到达该竖直段的底端，此时旋转血液样本收集管，该突凸点进入 L 形槽中的横折段。
  23. 根据权利要求 17 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管螺纹连接在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种螺纹连接构造。
  24. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管管塞由密封胶塞和保护盖组成，密封胶塞套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上。
  25. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔的长度小于血液样本收集管的长度，插置在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管的尾部裸露在筒形空腔外。
  26. 根据权利要求 1 所述的具有留置导管的真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒在与血液样本收集管管塞内含在针筒内相适配的位置上沿针筒轴向设置有一种长条槽作为操作窗，此操作窗共有两个，相对分布在针筒的两侧。
PCT/CN2012/079568 2012-08-02 2012-08-02 具有留置导管的真空采血器 WO2014019189A1 (zh)

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CN111481213A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-04 亓永杰 一种动脉血抽取收集装置
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