WO2014019100A2 - System for heating air and sanitary water with solar energy, comprising a heat exchanger/storage device capable of storing heat in a solid mass and transferring heat from the fluid air to the fluid water for sanitary use - Google Patents

System for heating air and sanitary water with solar energy, comprising a heat exchanger/storage device capable of storing heat in a solid mass and transferring heat from the fluid air to the fluid water for sanitary use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014019100A2
WO2014019100A2 PCT/CL2013/000045 CL2013000045W WO2014019100A2 WO 2014019100 A2 WO2014019100 A2 WO 2014019100A2 CL 2013000045 W CL2013000045 W CL 2013000045W WO 2014019100 A2 WO2014019100 A2 WO 2014019100A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar energy
heating air
sanitary water
fluid
plates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2013/000045
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2014019100A3 (en
Inventor
Pedro Pablo De Goyeneche Alarcon
Original Assignee
YACOMETTI MANOSALVA, Claudia Paola
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Application filed by YACOMETTI MANOSALVA, Claudia Paola filed Critical YACOMETTI MANOSALVA, Claudia Paola
Publication of WO2014019100A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014019100A2/en
Publication of WO2014019100A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014019100A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/20—Solar heat collectors using working fluids having circuits for two or more working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
    • F24S10/748—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. zig-zag
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • System for heating air and sanitary water with solar energy comprising a heat accumulator / exchanger device that is capable of accumulating it in a solid mass and transferring it from the air fluid to the sanitary water fluid
  • the present invention relates to a sanitary water heating system through solar heating, wherein said system comprises a conventional flat solar collector, air fluid direction means and a heat accumulator / exchanger, the latter being able to accumulate the heat in a solid body and transfer it to the sanitary water fluid.
  • the present invention is specifically in the field of the use of passive solar energy as a source of heat for residential heating and more specifically for heating domestic water.
  • the present invention aims at the capture of solar energy and the accumulation of heat in a solid mass to be transferred to a water fluid that is of use sanitary, regardless of electrical auxiliary means to reach and maintain the desired temperature or to conserve said heat.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide an accumulator / heat exchanger that is of reduced cost, extended duration in time, can be installed in the same construction process of the house as a non-structural wall or as part of the slab , or it can be installed later as a wall attached or buried to not be seen.
  • Still another of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a direct air heating system towards the interior of the room, together with the fact of accumulating heat to transfer it to an aqueous fluid for sanitary use.
  • the present invention relates to a system for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, wherein said system comprises a conventional flat solar collector, means of directing the air fluid and a heat accumulator / exchanger device that is capable of accumulating heat and transferring it from the air fluid to the water fluid for sanitary use.
  • Said conventional flat solar collector is of the type that uses air as a heat extracting fluid, with a closed air inlet and outlet circuit that communicates with the said means of fluid direction of the system.
  • This collector can be preferably located on the roof of the house, georeferentially oriented according to standards of the geographical place where it is installed.
  • Said closed air inlet and outlet circuit of the solar collector communicates with the said means of fluid direction of the system, which consists of conductive channels of the fluid that direct the air to and from the collector, to communicate it with said device accumulator / heat exchanger.
  • Said conductive channels have an upper end, tightly connected to the fluid inlet and outlet of the solar collector, and a lower end that is tightly connected to said heat accumulator / exchanger device.
  • These conductive channels have external insulating means consisting of layers of insulating material that it prevents the loss of heat from the air that passes through it from the collector to the accumulator / exchanger device and has a cross section such that it is capable of directing and not dissipating the fluid that it conducts.
  • These conductive channels have, halfway, with air fluid propellants, consisting of small fans, as well as valve means that direct the passage of hot air, either to let it pass to and from the accumulator / exchanger device or to redirect it directly into the house as heated air.
  • air fluid propellants consisting of small fans, as well as valve means that direct the passage of hot air, either to let it pass to and from the accumulator / exchanger device or to redirect it directly into the house as heated air.
  • the said accumulator / heat exchanger device fulfills the function of receiving the hot air that comes from the solar collector through the conductive channels, accumulating the heat contained in the hot air and transferring it to an aqueous fluid for sanitary use, where said device It is capable of accumulating as much heat as is sufficient to give the water the necessary temperature regardless of auxiliary means (electrical, gas, etc).
  • Said accumulator / heat exchanger device is composed of accumulator and heat exchanger means formed of a solid material, it also has conductive means of liquid fluid disposed within the solid material, external insulating means and central conductive means of the hot air fluid.
  • the accumulator and heat exchanger means of the accumulator / heat exchanger device consist of two solid plates of conductive / accumulator material, which centrally have inside a metal net or mesh for structuring the solid material, which is made of reinforced concrete, concrete.
  • These solid plates are spaced and parallel to each other facing their inner major faces defining a gap between them, where the conductive means of the hot air fluid will be arranged, which will be described later; these plates house inside a continuous conduit which are the conductors of liquid fluid and having an inlet end and an outlet end, where said ends of the continuous conduit exit outward from the plates.
  • These solid plates are in charge of receiving, accumulating and transferring by conduction the heat coming from the hot air that passes between them, so that said heat accumulates in the solid material and then transfers it to the liquid fluid (sanitary water) that passes through the continuous conduit arranged inside.
  • the continuous conduit that goes inside the solid plates is arranged inside the plates in the form of a coil, that is, in a helical form, presenting straight areas along the solid plate and curved bending zones close to the ends of said plates.
  • the arrangement of the continuous conduit within the plates should be such that the sections do not touch each other, that they are sufficiently separated to be surrounded by the solid material that forms the plates, in fact if the plate was seen in a cross-sectional view.
  • each of the sections of the duct are spaced and vertically overlapped, so that none of the sections are aligned horizontally and have the particularity of lacking any type of joint, assembly or fit all the way through the interior of said solid plates, which prevents future leaks and dispenses with maintenance.
  • each of its cross sections, with respect to the adjacent duct sections is in relation to the amount of mass of the solid material of the plate that must surround said duct, such that the thermal transmission energy is greater than the thermal energy that is required to heat the water and the relationship between length, diameter and thickness of the continuous conduit depends on the amount of conductive solid mass that surrounds the section of the conduit, the temperature of said solid mass, the inlet temperature of the water and the flow through the continuous conduit.
  • This continuous conduit is of a material suitable for conducting sanitary water at high temperatures, such as some type of resistant but flexible polymer, specifically made of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene).
  • PEX cross-linked polyethylene
  • the said central conductive means of the hot air fluid are arranged in the space between the two solid material plates and consist of curved end channels formed by a set of sheets metallic spaced from each other, where each sheet has two main longitudinal faces, longitudinal edges and end edges.
  • Each of the sheets has along it a central straight zone, a straight end zone and an intermediate curved zone, so that they are born in an inlet to one side of the upper face of the plates, extends a slight stretch in a straight way, they curl and continue in a greater straight section along the space between the plates, to curl again and finish off in a small straight section towards the exit mouth.
  • these channels that transport the hot air are formed by the space between the metallic sheets and the inner walls of the solid plates, where the elongated and curved shape of them obeys the need to avoid that the air suffers shocks in its displacement, facilitating a fluid and tangential advance to the walls of the solid plates, such that the heat contained therein does not transfer to the solid plates at some points only, which would happen if the hot air path had sections at right angles, for example ; but heat is transferred throughout the entire length of said solid plates.
  • the end edges of the sheet assembly form inlet / outlet mouths of said central conductive means and are spaced apart forming cavities aligned that appear as an assembly on the face of the accumulator / exchanger device where the connection with the conductive channels that bring hot air from the solar collector of the entire system is located; while the longitudinal edges of the set of metal sheets can butt with the inner major face of the solid plates or slightly embedded in the solid plates, a fact that improves the conduction of heat towards said plates, since these are not only heated by effect of the hot air that passes between them, but also because of the heat accumulated in the same metallic sheets that are transferred by conduction, so that these sheets are properly made of metal, but preferably of Aluminum, since this one presents better stability to the long of the time.
  • the two solid concrete plates together with the central channels that conduct the hot air are completely covered by external insulating means, which comprise a thick and continuous layer of insulating material, ideally made of high density polystyrene or polyurethane foam, those that cover the major and minor faces of the accumulator / exchanger device, also having the necessary openings for connection with the conductive channels that bring hot air from the solar collector of the entire system, just in the areas of the inlet / outlet mouths of the central channels that carry the hot air; In addition to the lateral openings necessary for the entry / exit of the continuous conduit that carries water and passes through each of the solid plates.
  • external insulating means comprise a thick and continuous layer of insulating material, ideally made of high density polystyrene or polyurethane foam, those that cover the major and minor faces of the accumulator / exchanger device, also having the necessary openings for connection with the conductive channels that bring hot air from the solar collector of the entire system, just in the areas of the inlet / outlet mouth
  • the accumulator / exchanger device that is part of the heating system, together with the solar collector that is arranged on the roof of the house and the conductive channels that connect to both parts, is a completely isolated device, such that it can be attached to a wall of the house already built, can be shaped as a wall - not structural - by itself, as it is also feasible to be buried next to the house without intervening its facade or appearance.
  • this accumulator / exchanger device can be installed as a slab of the building, so that it is arranged horizontally, with all the components of the vertical device, but in this case the arrangement of the metal sheets that make up the central channels where Hot air passes differs from the position of the first case being arranged in symmetry with the inlet / outlet mouths in the center of the sides.
  • Figure 1 shows an isometric view of the complete system.
  • Figure 2 shows an isometric view of the accumulator / heat exchanger device.
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the upper floor of the heat exchanger / heat exchanger; the cuts shown in figures 5 and 6 are indicated in the figure.
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the elevation of the accumulator / heat exchanger, showing the conductive means of the fluid.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the accumulator / heat exchanger device; The figure shows the section shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the elevation of the heat accumulator / exchanger device, showing the air conductive means.
  • Figure 7 shows an isometric section view of the accumulator / heat exchanger device, where the conductive air means are seen.
  • Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the plant of an embodiment of the invention applicable to a slab. Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the invention relates to a system (1) for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, wherein said system comprises, as can be seen in Figure 1, a conventional flat solar collector (C), means of direction of the air fluid (B) comprising two conductive columns and a heat accumulator / exchanger device (A), which is capable of accumulating heat and transferring it from the air fluid to the sanitary water fluid that passes through itself, where said heat accumulator / exchanger device (A), as can be clearly seen in Figure 5, is composed of heat accumulators and exchangers (10) composed of a solid material, liquid fluid conductive means (20 ) arranged inside the solid material, central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) and external insulating means (40).
  • said accumulator and heat exchanger means of the accumulator / exchanger device (A) consist of two solid plates (11) of solid conductive / accumulator material, each with an inner major face (111). ), an outer major face (112), side faces major (113) and minor lateral faces (114), where each of the plates has a metal net or mesh (12) centered inside it for structuring the solid material, where said material is reinforced concrete.
  • the mentioned solid plates (11) are spaced and parallel to each other facing their inner major faces (111) defining a separation space (13) between them; while they house inside a continuous conduit (21) that has two inlet / outlet openings (116) located in one of the smaller lateral faces (11).
  • said liquid fluid conducting means (20) disposed within the solid material of the plates (11), comprise a continuous conduit (21) having an inlet end (211) and an outlet end (212), where said ends (211 and 212) of the continuous conduit exit outwardly from the plates (11) through said inlet / outlet openings (116) located in one of the minor side faces (114) of said plates (11).
  • Said continuous duct (21) that goes inside the solid plates (11), has straight zones (213) and curved bending zones (214), where said bending zones curved (214) are arranged close to the minor side faces (114) of said plates (11), while straight areas (213) are arranged along said plates (11);
  • said conduit is of a material suitable for conducting sanitary water at high temperatures, such as some kind of resistant but flexible polymer, said material being preferably of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene); wherein said continuous conduit (21) does not have any type of joint, assembly or coupling along its entire length through the interior of said solid plates (11).
  • the separation between each of its cross sections, with respect to the adjacent duct sections of said continuous duct (21), is in relation to the amount of mass of the solid material of the plate (11 ) which must surround said conduit such that the thermal transmission energy is greater than the thermal energy required to heat the water.
  • the relationship between length, diameter and thickness of the continuous conduit (21) depends on the amount of solid conductive mass that surrounds the section of the conduit, the temperature of said solid mass, the water inlet temperature and the flow through the continuous conduit. (twenty-one).
  • the central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) consist of curved channels (31) formed by a set of sheets (32) spaced apart, where each sheet (32) it has two main longitudinal faces opposite each other (321 and 322), longitudinal edges (323) and end edges (324), a central straight zone (326), a straight end zone (325) and an intermediate curved zone (327 ), said set of sheets (32) forming curved channels (31), arranged in the separation space (13) between the solid plates (11). (see figure 5)
  • Said end edges (324) of the sheet assembly (32) form inlet / outlet mouths (33) of said central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid and are spaced apart forming cavities (331) aligned with each other, joined by lateral laminar pieces (332) they are arranged between said solid plates (11) adjacent to some of their lateral faces (111, 112, 113, 114) and are connected with said conductive columns that conform to the steering means of the air fluid (B) of the complete system (1).
  • the aforementioned longitudinal edges (323) of the sheet assembly (32) can be butted with the internal major face of solid plates (11) or sausages on the inner major side of them.
  • Said set of sheets (32) of the central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) are sheets of conductive material, preferably of Aluminum.
  • the outer insulating means (40) of the accumulator / heat exchanger device (A), comprise a continuous layer (41) of insulating material that covers the major and minor faces of the accumulator / exchanger device (A), as seen in the Figure 2, defining two major insulating walls (411), major side insulating walls (412) and two minor side walls (413); wherein said insulating material is high density polystyrene or is polyurethane foam.
  • the insulating material (41) has openings (42) for the outlet / inlet of the continuous duct (21) having an inlet end (211) and an outlet end (212), where said ends (211 and 212) of the duct continuously, they exit outwardly through said openings (42) of the insulating material and have openings (43) for the exit / entry of said central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid.

Abstract

A system is disclosed for heating air and sanitary water with solar energy, comprising a heat exchanger/storage device (A) capable of storing heat in a solid mass and transferring heat from the fluid air to the fluid sanitary water, wherein the device (A) is composed of heat exchange and storage means formed by two plates (11) of solid material, liquid fluid conducting means formed by a continuous duct (21) arranged inside the solid material, central hot air fluid conducting means formed by channels (31), and longitudinal metal sheets (32) and outer insulating means formed by a continuous layer (41) of insulating material.

Description

Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria con energía solar que comprende un dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor que es capaz de acumularlo en una masa sólida y transferirlo del fluido aire hacia el fluido agua de uso sanitario System for heating air and sanitary water with solar energy comprising a heat accumulator / exchanger device that is capable of accumulating it in a solid mass and transferring it from the air fluid to the sanitary water fluid
MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de calefacción de agua sanitaria a través de calefacción solar, donde dicho sistema comprende un colector solar plano convencional, medios de dirección del fluido aire y un acumulador/intercambiador de calor, siendo este último capaz de acumular el calor en un cuerpo sólido y transferirlo hacia el fluido agua sanitaria. The present invention relates to a sanitary water heating system through solar heating, wherein said system comprises a conventional flat solar collector, air fluid direction means and a heat accumulator / exchanger, the latter being able to accumulate the heat in a solid body and transfer it to the sanitary water fluid.
Descripción del arte previo Description of the prior art
La presente invención se sitúa específicamente en el campo del uso de la energía solar pasiva como fuente de calor para calefacción habitacional y más específicamente para calentar agua sanitaria.  The present invention is specifically in the field of the use of passive solar energy as a source of heat for residential heating and more specifically for heating domestic water.
El uso de energía solar pasiva ha tenido altísimo desarrollo para sus aplicaciones a nivel doméstico, encontrándose un gran grupo de invenciones que se basan en la captura de la radiación solar para transferir su calor directamente al agua que pasa por conductos presentes en el mismo colector, de modo que dicha agua se calienta directamente; sin embargo es conocido que las calorías obtenidas no son suficientes para alcanzar una temperatura alta y constante como para un uso doméstico tal que reemplace completamente los sistemas tradicionales de calentamiento de agua (por gas, electricidad, etc) , por esa razón, la mayoría de los sistemas deben contar con un acumulador auxiliar que aporta calor por medio eléctricos normalmente, tal que el agua alcance la temperatura requerida, sin embargo estos medios demuestran que no son autosuficientes y finalmente recurren al gasto de electricidad para compensar la falta de calorías, por lo que el uso de la energía solar ha servido más bien como un medio de precalentamiento del agua y no como el único medio para calentamiento en su uso final. The use of passive solar energy has had very high development for its domestic applications, a large group of inventions being found that are based on the capture of solar radiation to transfer its heat directly to the water that passes through ducts present in the same collector, so that said water is directly heated; however it is known that the calories obtained are not sufficient to reach a high and constant temperature such as for domestic use such that it completely replaces traditional water heating systems (by gas, electricity, etc.), for that reason, most of The systems must have an auxiliary accumulator that provides heat by means of electricity normally, such that the water reaches the required temperature, however these means demonstrate that they are not self-sufficient and finally resort to the expense of electricity to compensate for the lack of calories, so that the use of solar energy has served rather as a means of preheating water and not as the only means for heating in its final use.
Conocido es en el arte previo el llamado muro "Trombe" que es de antigua data, el que se basa en el principio de convección natural del aire cuando es confinado en un espacio delimitado, dado que el "muro trombe" propone la disposición de una cavidad acristalada en uno de los muros, con salidas superiores y entradas inferiores de aire en conexión con el interior de la vivienda, tal que la radiación acumulada en el espacio generado entre el muro y la cubierta acristalada aumenta la temperatura del mismo, produciendo flujos internos convectivos que expulsan aire caliente por salidas superiores y reciben aire frió por entradas inferiores. Este sistema tradicional ha demostrado su ineficacia como sistema autónomo, dado que no es lo suficientemente capaz de forzar la entrada y salida del aire, debiendo agregarle medios de forzado del aire; tampoco ofrece la posibilidad de calentar fluidos acuosos, sino que está dirigido preferentemente a calentar aire. Known in the prior art is the so-called "Trombe" wall that is of ancient data, which is based on the principle of natural air convection when it is confined in a delimited space, since the "trombe wall" proposes the provision of a glazed cavity in one of the walls, with upper outlets and lower air inlets in connection with the interior of the house, such that the radiation accumulated in the space generated between the wall and the glazed roof increases its temperature, producing internal flows convectors that expel air hot through upper outlets and receive cold air through lower inlets. This traditional system has proved ineffective as an autonomous system, since it is not sufficiently capable of forcing air inlet and outlet, and means of forced air must be added; nor does it offer the possibility of heating aqueous fluids, but is preferably aimed at heating air.
Otros de las soluciones que se ven en el arte previo y que buscan resolver el problema del uso de la energía solar para calefacción de ambientes y calentar agua de uso sanitario, son soluciones que basan la captación de radiación directamente en los muros constructivos de los inmuebles, disponiendo de canales internos que reciben el calor conducido a través del concreto y que por medios de canalización forzada entregan el aire caliente hacia el interior de la vivienda, tal como se ve en la patente US4147300 donde se aprecia un tipo de muro que posee en su cara externa un panel translúcido para captar la radiación solar y canales internos por donde pasa un fluido que extrae el calor del concreto y lo dirige hacia el interior de la habitación. La principal desventaja de este tipo de soluciones es que acogiendo el principio del "muro trombe", el nivel de radiación recibida es muy bajo y deben auxiliar el proceso con medios eléctricos que mejoren la ganancia de calor, tal como se ve en una de las figuras del documento citado; se suma a esta desventaja el hecho de la estructura en si del muro es costosa por el uso de cristales y tienen la limitación de tener que estar orientadas hacia puntos precisos para recibir la radiación adecuada. Caso similar se ve en las patentes GB2228078, FR2512524 y GB2373849, donde se describe un muro con cubierta acristalada que cuenta con medios eléctricos para forzar el paso del aire hacia el interior de una habitación. Other solutions that are seen in the prior art and that seek to solve the problem of the use of solar energy for heating environments and heating water for sanitary use, are solutions that base the collection of radiation directly on the building walls of buildings , having internal channels that receive the heat conducted through the concrete and that by means of forced channeling deliver the hot air into the interior of the house, as seen in US4147300 where a type of wall can be seen in its outer face a translucent panel to capture the solar radiation and internal channels through which a fluid that extracts heat from the concrete passes and directs it into the interior of the room. The main disadvantage of this type of solutions is that by accepting the principle of the "thrombus wall", the level of radiation received is very low and they must assist the process with electrical means that improve heat gain, as seen in one of the document figures aforementioned; In addition to this disadvantage, the fact that the structure of the wall itself is expensive due to the use of crystals and have the limitation of having to be oriented towards precise points in order to receive adequate radiation. Similar case is seen in the GB2228078, FR2512524 and GB2373849 patents, where a wall with glazed roof is described that has electrical means to force the passage of air into a room.
Otras de las soluciones que se ven en el estado de la técnica, son aquellas que cuentan con el uso de un colector solar plano, preferentemente dispuesto en el techo de la vivienda, el que opera con un fluido que se calienta (agua o aire) y que entrega aire caliente directamente hacia el interior con medios de tipo ventiladores, tal como se ve en los documentos de patente US4295415, DE19521414, DE19845557 y US5339798; ninguno de dichos documentos describe la solución de calentar agua sanitaria a través del intercambio de calor en los mencionados muros donde se haya acumulador tanto calor como sea necesario para calentar agua que vaya a uso sanitario directo prescindiendo de medios auxiliares de ganancia de temperatura. Other solutions seen in the state of the art are those that have the use of a flat solar collector, preferably arranged on the roof of the house, which operates with a fluid that is heated (water or air) and that delivers hot air directly into the interior with fan-type means, as seen in patent documents US4295415, DE19521414, DE19845557 and US5339798; None of these documents describe the solution of heating domestic water through the exchange of heat in the aforementioned walls where there is as much heat as necessary to heat water that goes to direct sanitary use without auxiliary means of temperature gain.
La presente invención tiene por objetivo la captación de la energía solar y la acumulación del calor en una masa sólida para ser transferido hacia un fluido agua que es de uso sanitario, prescindiendo de medios auxiliares eléctricos para llegar y mantener la temperatura deseada o para conservar dicho calor. The present invention aims at the capture of solar energy and the accumulation of heat in a solid mass to be transferred to a water fluid that is of use sanitary, regardless of electrical auxiliary means to reach and maintain the desired temperature or to conserve said heat.
Otro de los objetivos de la presente invención es proveer un acumulador/intercambiador de calor que es de costo reducido, duración extendida en el tiempo, puede ser instalado en el mismo proceso de construcción de la vivienda como muro no estructural o como parte de la losa, o puede ser instalado con posterioridad como un muro adosado o ser enterrado para no ser visto.  Another objective of the present invention is to provide an accumulator / heat exchanger that is of reduced cost, extended duration in time, can be installed in the same construction process of the house as a non-structural wall or as part of the slab , or it can be installed later as a wall attached or buried to not be seen.
Aún otro de los objetivos de la presente invención es el de proveer un sistema de calefacción por aire directo hacia el interior de la habitación, a la par con el hecho de acumular el calor para transferirlo a un fluido acuoso para uso sanitario. Still another of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a direct air heating system towards the interior of the room, together with the fact of accumulating heat to transfer it to an aqueous fluid for sanitary use.
La presente invención se relaciona con un sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, donde dicho sistema comprende un colector solar plano convencional, medios de dirección del fluido aire y un dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor que es capaz de acumular el calor y transferirlo del fluido aire hacia el fluido agua de uso sanitario. Dicho colector solar plano convencional es del tipo que usa aire como fluido extractor del calor, contando con un circuito cerrado de entrada y salida de aire que se comunica con los mencionados medios de dirección del fluido del sistema. The present invention relates to a system for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, wherein said system comprises a conventional flat solar collector, means of directing the air fluid and a heat accumulator / exchanger device that is capable of accumulating heat and transferring it from the air fluid to the water fluid for sanitary use. Said conventional flat solar collector is of the type that uses air as a heat extracting fluid, with a closed air inlet and outlet circuit that communicates with the said means of fluid direction of the system.
Este colector puede ser ubicado preferentemente en la techumbre de la vivienda, orientado georeferencialmente de acuerdo a estándares propios del lugar geográfico donde se instale. This collector can be preferably located on the roof of the house, georeferentially oriented according to standards of the geographical place where it is installed.
Dicho circuito cerrado de entrada y salida de aire del colector solar, se comunica con los mencionados medios de dirección del fluido del sistema, los que consiste en canales conductores del fluido que dirigen el aire hacia y desde el colector, para comunicarlo con el mencionado dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor. Said closed air inlet and outlet circuit of the solar collector communicates with the said means of fluid direction of the system, which consists of conductive channels of the fluid that direct the air to and from the collector, to communicate it with said device accumulator / heat exchanger.
Dichos canales conductores poseen un extremo superior, unido de manera estanca a la entrada y salida de fluido del colector solar, y un extremo inferior que está unido estancamente a dicho dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor. Said conductive channels have an upper end, tightly connected to the fluid inlet and outlet of the solar collector, and a lower end that is tightly connected to said heat accumulator / exchanger device.
Estos canales conductores cuentan con medios aislantes externos que consisten en capas de material aislante que impide la pérdida del calor del aire que pasa por su interior desde el colector hacia el dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador y posee una sección transversal tal que es capaz de dirigir y no disipar el fluido que conduce . These conductive channels have external insulating means consisting of layers of insulating material that it prevents the loss of heat from the air that passes through it from the collector to the accumulator / exchanger device and has a cross section such that it is capable of directing and not dissipating the fluid that it conducts.
Dichos canales conductores cuentan, a mitad de camino, con medios propulsores del fluido aire, consistentes en pequeños ventiladores, como asimismo cuentan con medios de válvulas que dirigen el paso del aire caliente, ya sea para dejarlo pasar hacia y desde el dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador o para redirigirlo directamente hacia el interior de la vivienda como aire calefaccionado . These conductive channels have, halfway, with air fluid propellants, consisting of small fans, as well as valve means that direct the passage of hot air, either to let it pass to and from the accumulator / exchanger device or to redirect it directly into the house as heated air.
El mencionado dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor cumple la función de recibir el aire caliente que proviene desde el colector solar a través de los canales conductores, acumular el calor contenido en el aire caliente y transferirlo hacia un fluido acuoso de uso sanitario, donde dicho dispositivo es capaz de acumular tanto calor como el suficiente para darle al agua la temperatura necesaria prescindiendo de medios auxiliares (eléctricos, a gas, etc) . The said accumulator / heat exchanger device fulfills the function of receiving the hot air that comes from the solar collector through the conductive channels, accumulating the heat contained in the hot air and transferring it to an aqueous fluid for sanitary use, where said device It is capable of accumulating as much heat as is sufficient to give the water the necessary temperature regardless of auxiliary means (electrical, gas, etc).
Esto se logra gracias a la conformación material, estructural y dimensional del dispositivo, ya que por sus características materiales es capaz de acumular -por conducción- el calor en su propia masa sólida, evita la fuga de calor y la concentra en las zonas acumuladoras; por las relaciones dimensionales de sus partes es capaz de lograr un calor tal que calienta agua para uso sanitario directo . This is achieved thanks to the material, structural and dimensional conformation of the device, since by its material characteristics is capable of accumulating - by conduction - the heat in its own solid mass, prevents heat leakage and concentrates it in the accumulator areas; Due to the dimensional relations of its parts, it is capable of achieving a heat that heats water for direct sanitary use.
Dicho dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor está compuesto por medios acumuladores e intercambiadores de calor formados de un material sólido, posee también medios conductores de fluido líquido dispuestos por dentro del material sólido, medios aislantes exteriores y medios conductores centrales del fluido de aire caliente. Said accumulator / heat exchanger device is composed of accumulator and heat exchanger means formed of a solid material, it also has conductive means of liquid fluid disposed within the solid material, external insulating means and central conductive means of the hot air fluid.
Los medios acumuladores e intercambiadores de calor del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor consisten en dos placas sólidas de material conductor/acumulador, que presentan centradamente en su interior una red o malla metálica para estructuración del material sólido, el que está fabricado de concreto armado, hormigón. The accumulator and heat exchanger means of the accumulator / heat exchanger device consist of two solid plates of conductive / accumulator material, which centrally have inside a metal net or mesh for structuring the solid material, which is made of reinforced concrete, concrete.
Estas placas sólidas están espaciadas y paralelas entre sí enfrentadas por sus caras mayores interiores definiendo un espacio de separación entre ellas, donde se dispondrán los medios conductores del fluido aire caliente que se describirá más adelante; estas placas alojan en su interior un conducto continuo que son los conductores de fluido liquido y que tiene un extremo de entrada y un extremo de salida, donde dichos extremos del conducto continuo salen hacia el exterior de las placas . These solid plates are spaced and parallel to each other facing their inner major faces defining a gap between them, where the conductive means of the hot air fluid will be arranged, which will be described later; these plates house inside a continuous conduit which are the conductors of liquid fluid and having an inlet end and an outlet end, where said ends of the continuous conduit exit outward from the plates.
Estas placas sólidas son las encargadas de recibir, acumular y transferir por conducción el calor proveniente del aire caliente que pasa entre ellas, de modo que dicho calor se acumula en el material sólido y luego lo transfiere hacia el fluido liquido (agua sanitaria) que pasa por el conducto continuo dispuesto en su interior. These solid plates are in charge of receiving, accumulating and transferring by conduction the heat coming from the hot air that passes between them, so that said heat accumulates in the solid material and then transfers it to the liquid fluid (sanitary water) that passes through the continuous conduit arranged inside.
El conducto continuo que va por dentro de las placas sólidas, va dispuesto por dentro de las placas en forma de un serpentín, es decir, en forma helicoidal, presentando zonas rectas a lo largo de la placa sólida y zonas de doblez curvo cercanas a los extremos de dichas placas. La disposición del conducto continuo dentro de las placas debe ser de tal manera que las secciones no se toquen entre ellas, que estén suficientemente separadas para estar rodeadas del material sólido que conforma a las placas, de hecho si se viera la placa en una vista transversal, cada una de las secciones del conducto van espaciadas y traslapadas verticalmente, de modo que ninguna de las secciones queda alineada horizontalmente y posee la particularidad de carecer de todo tipo de unión, ensamble o acople en todo su recorrido por el interior de dichas placas sólidas, lo que impide futuras filtraciones y prescinde de manutención. The continuous conduit that goes inside the solid plates, is arranged inside the plates in the form of a coil, that is, in a helical form, presenting straight areas along the solid plate and curved bending zones close to the ends of said plates. The arrangement of the continuous conduit within the plates should be such that the sections do not touch each other, that they are sufficiently separated to be surrounded by the solid material that forms the plates, in fact if the plate was seen in a cross-sectional view. , each of the sections of the duct are spaced and vertically overlapped, so that none of the sections are aligned horizontally and have the particularity of lacking any type of joint, assembly or fit all the way through the interior of said solid plates, which prevents future leaks and dispenses with maintenance.
La separación entre cada una de sus secciones transversales, respecto de los tramos de conductos adyacentes, está en relación con la cantidad de masa del material sólido de la placa que debe circundar a dicho conducto, tal que la energía de transmisión térmica sea mayor a la energía térmica que se requiere para calentar el agua y la relación entre largo, diámetro y espesor del conducto continuo depende la cantidad de masa sólida conductora que circunda la sección del conducto, la temperatura de dicha masa sólida, la temperatura de entrada del agua y el caudal que pasa por el conducto continuo. The separation between each of its cross sections, with respect to the adjacent duct sections, is in relation to the amount of mass of the solid material of the plate that must surround said duct, such that the thermal transmission energy is greater than the thermal energy that is required to heat the water and the relationship between length, diameter and thickness of the continuous conduit depends on the amount of conductive solid mass that surrounds the section of the conduit, the temperature of said solid mass, the inlet temperature of the water and the flow through the continuous conduit.
Este conducto continuo es de un material adecuado para conducir agua sanitaria a altas temperaturas, tal como algún tipo de polímero resistente pero flexible, específicamente está fabricado de PEX (polietileno reticulado) . This continuous conduit is of a material suitable for conducting sanitary water at high temperatures, such as some type of resistant but flexible polymer, specifically made of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene).
Los mencionados medios conductores centrales del fluido de aire caliente se disponen en el espacio que queda entre las dos placas de material sólido y consisten en canales de extremos curvos formados por un conjunto de láminas metálicas espaciadas entre si, donde cada lámina presenta dos caras principales longitudinales, bordes longitudinales y bordes de extremo. Cada una de las láminas posee a lo largo de ella una zona recta central, una zona recta de extremo y una zona curva intermedia, de modo que nacen en una boca de entrada a uno de lados de la cara superior de las placas, se extiende un leve tramo en forma recta, se curvan y continúan en un tramo mayor recto a lo largo del espacio entre las placas, para volverse a curvar y rematar en un pequeño tramo recto hacia la boca de salida. The said central conductive means of the hot air fluid are arranged in the space between the two solid material plates and consist of curved end channels formed by a set of sheets metallic spaced from each other, where each sheet has two main longitudinal faces, longitudinal edges and end edges. Each of the sheets has along it a central straight zone, a straight end zone and an intermediate curved zone, so that they are born in an inlet to one side of the upper face of the plates, extends a slight stretch in a straight way, they curl and continue in a greater straight section along the space between the plates, to curl again and finish off in a small straight section towards the exit mouth.
Asi, estos canales que transportan el aire caliente se conforman por el espacio entre las láminas metálicas y las paredes interiores de las placas sólidas, donde la forma alargada y curva de ellos obedece a la necesidad de evitar que el aire sufra choques en su desplazamiento, facilitando un avance fluido y tangencial a las paredes de las placas sólidas, tal que el calor contenido en él no se transfiera a las placas sólidas en algunos puntos solamente, hecho que sucedería si el trayecto del aire caliente tuviera tramos en ángulo recto, por ejemplo; sino que el calor sea transferido a todo el largo de dichas placas sólidas. Thus, these channels that transport the hot air are formed by the space between the metallic sheets and the inner walls of the solid plates, where the elongated and curved shape of them obeys the need to avoid that the air suffers shocks in its displacement, facilitating a fluid and tangential advance to the walls of the solid plates, such that the heat contained therein does not transfer to the solid plates at some points only, which would happen if the hot air path had sections at right angles, for example ; but heat is transferred throughout the entire length of said solid plates.
Los bordes de extremo del conjunto de láminas conforman bocas de entrada/salida de dichos medios conductores centrales y están espaciadas entre sí conformando cavidades alineadas que aparecen como un conjunto en la cara del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador donde se encuentra la conexión con los canales conductores que traen aire caliente desde el colector solar de todo el sistema; mientras que los bordes longitudinales del conjunto de láminas metálicas pueden ir a tope con la cara mayor interna de las placas sólidas o levemente embutidos en las placas sólidas, hecho que mejora la conducción del calor hacia dichas placas, puesto que éstas no solo se calientan por efecto del aire caliente que pasa entre ellas, sino que también por el calor acumulado en las mismas láminas metálicas que se lo transfieren por conducción, por lo que adecuadamente estas láminas son de metal, pero preferentemente de Aluminio, dado que éste presenta mejor estabilidad a lo largo del tiempo. The end edges of the sheet assembly form inlet / outlet mouths of said central conductive means and are spaced apart forming cavities aligned that appear as an assembly on the face of the accumulator / exchanger device where the connection with the conductive channels that bring hot air from the solar collector of the entire system is located; while the longitudinal edges of the set of metal sheets can butt with the inner major face of the solid plates or slightly embedded in the solid plates, a fact that improves the conduction of heat towards said plates, since these are not only heated by effect of the hot air that passes between them, but also because of the heat accumulated in the same metallic sheets that are transferred by conduction, so that these sheets are properly made of metal, but preferably of Aluminum, since this one presents better stability to the long of the time.
Las dos placas sólidas de concreto en conjunto con los canales centrales que conducen el aire caliente, están cubiertas completamente por medios aislantes exteriores, los que comprenden una capa gruesa y continua de material aislante, idealmente de poliestireno de alta densidad o es espuma de poliuretano, las que cubren las caras mayores y menores del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador, disponiendo además de las aberturas necesarias para la conexión con los canales conductores que traen aire caliente desde el colector solar de todo el sistema, justo en las zonas de las bocas de entrada/salida de los canales centrales que transportan el aire caliente; además de las aberturas laterales necesarias para la entrada/salida del conducto continuo que lleva agua y que pasa por dentro de cada una de las placas sólidas. The two solid concrete plates together with the central channels that conduct the hot air, are completely covered by external insulating means, which comprise a thick and continuous layer of insulating material, ideally made of high density polystyrene or polyurethane foam, those that cover the major and minor faces of the accumulator / exchanger device, also having the necessary openings for connection with the conductive channels that bring hot air from the solar collector of the entire system, just in the areas of the inlet / outlet mouths of the central channels that carry the hot air; In addition to the lateral openings necessary for the entry / exit of the continuous conduit that carries water and passes through each of the solid plates.
El dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador que es parte del sistema de calefacción, en conjunto con el colector solar que se dispone en el techo de la vivienda y los canales conductores que conectan a ambas partes, es un dispositivo completamente aislado, tal que puede ser adosado a un muro de la vivienda ya construida, puede conformarse como un muro -no estructural- por sí solo, como asimismo es factible de quedar enterrado a un costado de la vivienda sin intervenir su fachada o apariencia. The accumulator / exchanger device that is part of the heating system, together with the solar collector that is arranged on the roof of the house and the conductive channels that connect to both parts, is a completely isolated device, such that it can be attached to a wall of the house already built, can be shaped as a wall - not structural - by itself, as it is also feasible to be buried next to the house without intervening its facade or appearance.
Alternativamente, este dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador puede ir instalado como losa del inmueble, de modo que se dispone de manera horizontal, contando con todos los componentes del dispositivo vertical, pero en este caso la disposición de las láminas metálicas que conforman los canales centrales por donde pasa el aire caliente difiere de la posición del primer caso disponiéndose en simetría con las bocas de entra/salida en el centro de los costados. Una descripción detallada de la modalidad preferida de la invención se llevará a cabo en conjunto con las figuras que forman parte de esta presentación, donde se aprecia que: Alternatively, this accumulator / exchanger device can be installed as a slab of the building, so that it is arranged horizontally, with all the components of the vertical device, but in this case the arrangement of the metal sheets that make up the central channels where Hot air passes differs from the position of the first case being arranged in symmetry with the inlet / outlet mouths in the center of the sides. A detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention will be carried out in conjunction with the figures that are part of this presentation, where it is appreciated that:
La figura 1 muestra una vista isométrica del sistema completo . Figure 1 shows an isometric view of the complete system.
La figura 2 muestra una vista isométrica del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor.  Figure 2 shows an isometric view of the accumulator / heat exchanger device.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en corte de la planta superior del acumulador/intercambiador de calo; en la figura se indican los cortes mostrados en las figuras 5 y 6.  Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the upper floor of the heat exchanger / heat exchanger; the cuts shown in figures 5 and 6 are indicated in the figure.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en corte longitudinal de la elevación del acumulador/intercambiador de calor, mostrando los medios conductores del fluido.  Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the elevation of the accumulator / heat exchanger, showing the conductive means of the fluid.
La figura 5 muestra una vista en corte transversal del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor; en la figura se indica el corte mostrado en la figura 4.  Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the accumulator / heat exchanger device; The figure shows the section shown in Figure 4.
La figura 6 muestra una vista en corte longitudinal de la elevación del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor, mostrando los medios conductores de aire.  Figure 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the elevation of the heat accumulator / exchanger device, showing the air conductive means.
La figura 7 muestra una vista en corte isométrico del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor, donde se ven los medios conductores de aire.  Figure 7 shows an isometric section view of the accumulator / heat exchanger device, where the conductive air means are seen.
La figura 8 muestra una vista en corte de la planta de una modalidad de la invención aplicable a una losa. Descripción detallada de la modalidad preferida de la invención Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the plant of an embodiment of the invention applicable to a slab. Detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention
La invención se refiere a un sistema (1) para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, donde dicho sistema comprende, tal como se puede ver en la figura 1, un colector solar plano convencional (C) , medios de dirección del fluido aire (B) que comprende dos columnas conductoras y un dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor (A) , el que es capaz de acumular el calor y transferirlo del fluido aire hacia el fluido agua de uso sanitario que pasa por dentro de él mismo, donde dicho dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor (A) , tal como puede verse claramente en la figura 5, está compuesto por medios acumuladores e intercambiadores (10) de calor compuestos de un material sólido, medios conductores de fluido líquido (20) dispuestos por dentro del material sólido, medios conductores centrales del fluido de aire caliente (30) y medios aislantes exteriores (40) .  The invention relates to a system (1) for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, wherein said system comprises, as can be seen in Figure 1, a conventional flat solar collector (C), means of direction of the air fluid (B) comprising two conductive columns and a heat accumulator / exchanger device (A), which is capable of accumulating heat and transferring it from the air fluid to the sanitary water fluid that passes through itself, where said heat accumulator / exchanger device (A), as can be clearly seen in Figure 5, is composed of heat accumulators and exchangers (10) composed of a solid material, liquid fluid conductive means (20 ) arranged inside the solid material, central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) and external insulating means (40).
Así como puede verse en detalle en la figura 5, dichos medios acumuladores e intercambiadores de calor del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador (A) consisten en dos placas sólidas (11) de material sólido conductor/acumulador, cada una con una cara mayor interior (111), una cara mayor exterior (112), caras laterales mayores (113) y caras laterales menores (114), donde cada una de las placas presenta centradamente en su interior una red o malla metálica (12) para estructuración del material sólido, donde dicho material es concreto armado. As can be seen in detail in Figure 5, said accumulator and heat exchanger means of the accumulator / exchanger device (A) consist of two solid plates (11) of solid conductive / accumulator material, each with an inner major face (111). ), an outer major face (112), side faces major (113) and minor lateral faces (114), where each of the plates has a metal net or mesh (12) centered inside it for structuring the solid material, where said material is reinforced concrete.
La mencionadas placas sólidas (11) están espaciadas y paralelas entre si enfrentadas por sus caras mayores interiores (111) definiendo un espacio de separación (13) entre ellas; mientras que alojan en su interior un conducto continuo (21) que presenta dos aberturas (116) de entrada/salida ubicadas en alguna de las caras laterales menores ( 11 ) . The mentioned solid plates (11) are spaced and parallel to each other facing their inner major faces (111) defining a separation space (13) between them; while they house inside a continuous conduit (21) that has two inlet / outlet openings (116) located in one of the smaller lateral faces (11).
Asi como puede verse en las figuras 4 y 5, dichos medios conductores de fluido (20) liquido dispuestos por dentro del material sólido de las placas (11) , comprenden un conducto continuo (21) que tiene un extremo de entrada (211) y un extremo de salida (212), donde dichos extremos (211 y 212) del conducto continuo salen hacia el exterior de las placas (11) a través de las mencionadas aberturas (116) de entrada/salida ubicadas en alguna de las caras laterales menores (114) de dichas placas (11). As can be seen in Figures 4 and 5, said liquid fluid conducting means (20) disposed within the solid material of the plates (11), comprise a continuous conduit (21) having an inlet end (211) and an outlet end (212), where said ends (211 and 212) of the continuous conduit exit outwardly from the plates (11) through said inlet / outlet openings (116) located in one of the minor side faces (114) of said plates (11).
El mencionado conducto continuo (21) que va por dentro de las placas sólidas (11), presenta zonas rectas (213) y zonas de doblez curvo (214) , donde dichas zonas de doblez curvo (214) se disponen cercanas a las caras laterales menores (114) de dichas placas (11), mientras que las zonas rectas (213) se disponen a lo largo de dichas placas (11) ; donde dicho conducto es de un material adecuado para conducir agua sanitaria a altas temperaturas, tal como algún tipo de polímero resistente pero flexible, siendo dicho material preferentemente de PEX (polietileno reticulado) ; donde dicho conducto continuo (21) no posee ningún tipo de unión, ensamble o acople en todo su recorrido por el interior de dichas placas sólidas (11) . Said continuous duct (21) that goes inside the solid plates (11), has straight zones (213) and curved bending zones (214), where said bending zones curved (214) are arranged close to the minor side faces (114) of said plates (11), while straight areas (213) are arranged along said plates (11); wherein said conduit is of a material suitable for conducting sanitary water at high temperatures, such as some kind of resistant but flexible polymer, said material being preferably of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene); wherein said continuous conduit (21) does not have any type of joint, assembly or coupling along its entire length through the interior of said solid plates (11).
Como mejor se ve en la figura 5, la separación entre cada una de sus secciones transversales, respecto de los tramos de conductos adyacentes de dicho conducto continuo (21) , está en relación con la cantidad de masa del material sólido de la placa (11) que debe circundar a dicho conducto tal que la energía de transmisión térmica sea mayor a la energía térmica que se requiere para calentar el agua. La relación entre largo, diámetro y espesor del conducto continuo (21) depende la cantidad de masa sólida conductora que circunda la sección del conducto, la temperatura de dicha masa sólida, la temperatura de entrada del agua y el caudal que pasa por el conducto continuo (21). Tal como se puede ver en las figuras 6 y 7, los medios conductores centrales del fluido (30) de aire caliente consisten en canales (31) curvos formados por un conjunto de láminas (32) espaciadas entre si, donde cada lámina (32) presenta dos caras principales longitudinales opuestas entre si (321 y 322), bordes longitudinales (323) y bordes de extremo (324), una zona recta central (326), una zona recta de extremo (325) y una zona curva intermedia (327) , estando dicho conjunto de láminas (32) que conforman canales curvos (31), dispuestas en el espacio de separación (13) entre las placas sólidas (11). (ver figura 5) As best seen in Figure 5, the separation between each of its cross sections, with respect to the adjacent duct sections of said continuous duct (21), is in relation to the amount of mass of the solid material of the plate (11 ) which must surround said conduit such that the thermal transmission energy is greater than the thermal energy required to heat the water. The relationship between length, diameter and thickness of the continuous conduit (21) depends on the amount of solid conductive mass that surrounds the section of the conduit, the temperature of said solid mass, the water inlet temperature and the flow through the continuous conduit. (twenty-one). As can be seen in Figures 6 and 7, the central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) consist of curved channels (31) formed by a set of sheets (32) spaced apart, where each sheet (32) it has two main longitudinal faces opposite each other (321 and 322), longitudinal edges (323) and end edges (324), a central straight zone (326), a straight end zone (325) and an intermediate curved zone (327 ), said set of sheets (32) forming curved channels (31), arranged in the separation space (13) between the solid plates (11). (see figure 5)
Dichos bordes de extremo (324) del conjunto de láminas (32) conforman bocas de entrada/salida (33) de dichos medios conductores centrales (30) del fluido de aire caliente y están espaciadas entre si conformando cavidades (331) alineadas entre si, unidas por unas piezas laminares laterales (332) se disponen entre dichas placas sólidas (11) adyacentes a alguna de sus caras laterales (111, 112, 113, 114) y se conectan con las mencionadas columnas conductoras que conforman a los medios de dirección del fluido aire (B) del sistema completo (1). Said end edges (324) of the sheet assembly (32) form inlet / outlet mouths (33) of said central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid and are spaced apart forming cavities (331) aligned with each other, joined by lateral laminar pieces (332) they are arranged between said solid plates (11) adjacent to some of their lateral faces (111, 112, 113, 114) and are connected with said conductive columns that conform to the steering means of the air fluid (B) of the complete system (1).
Los mencionados bordes longitudinales (323) del conjunto de láminas (32) pueden ir a tope con la cara mayor interna de las placas sólidas (11) o embutidos en la cara mayor interna de ellas. The aforementioned longitudinal edges (323) of the sheet assembly (32) can be butted with the internal major face of solid plates (11) or sausages on the inner major side of them.
Dicho conjunto de láminas (32) de los medios conductores centrales del fluido (30) de aire caliente, son láminas de material conductor, preferentemente de Aluminio. Said set of sheets (32) of the central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) are sheets of conductive material, preferably of Aluminum.
Los medios aislantes exteriores (40) del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor (A), comprenden una capa continua (41) de material aislante que cubre las caras mayores y menores del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador (A) , tal como se ve en la figura 2, definiéndose dos paredes aislantes mayores (411), paredes aislantes laterales mayores (412) y dos paredes laterales menores (413) ; donde dicho material aislante es poliestireno de alta densidad o es espuma de poliuretano. The outer insulating means (40) of the accumulator / heat exchanger device (A), comprise a continuous layer (41) of insulating material that covers the major and minor faces of the accumulator / exchanger device (A), as seen in the Figure 2, defining two major insulating walls (411), major side insulating walls (412) and two minor side walls (413); wherein said insulating material is high density polystyrene or is polyurethane foam.
El material aislante (41) presenta unas aberturas (42) de salida/entrada del conducto continuo (21) que tiene un extremo de entrada (211) y un extremo de salida (212) , donde dichos extremos (211 y 212) del conducto continuo salen hacia el exterior por dichas aberturas (42) del material aislante y presenta unas aberturas (43) de salida/entrada de dichos medios conductores centrales (30) del fluido aire caliente. The insulating material (41) has openings (42) for the outlet / inlet of the continuous duct (21) having an inlet end (211) and an outlet end (212), where said ends (211 and 212) of the duct continuously, they exit outwardly through said openings (42) of the insulating material and have openings (43) for the exit / entry of said central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, donde dicho sistema comprende un colector solar plano convencional (C) , medios de dirección del fluido aire (B) que comprende columnas conductoras y un dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor (A) que es capaz de acumular el calor y transferirlo del fluido aire hacia el fluido agua de uso sanitario CARACTERIZADO porque dicho dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calorSystem for heating air and domestic water through the use of solar energy, where said system comprises a conventional flat solar collector (C), air fluid direction means (B) that comprises conductive columns and a heat accumulator/exchanger device. (A) that is capable of accumulating heat and transferring it from the air fluid to the water fluid for sanitary use CHARACTERIZED because said accumulator/heat exchanger device
(A) está compuesto por medios acumuladores e intercambiadores de calor (10) compuestos de un material sólido, medios conductores de fluido líquido(A) is composed of accumulator and heat exchanger means (10) composed of a solid material, liquid fluid conductive means
(20) dispuestos por dentro del material sólido, medios conductores centrales (30) del fluido de aire caliente y medios aislantes exteriores (40) . (20) arranged inside the solid material, central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid and external insulating means (40).
Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos medios acumuladores e intercambiadores de calor (1) del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador (A) de calor consisten en dos placas sólidas (11) de material sólido conductor/acumulador, cada una con una cara mayor interior (111), una cara mayor exterior (112), caras laterales mayores (113) y caras laterales menores (114), donde cada una de las placas presenta centradamente en su interior una red o malla metálica para estructuración del material sólido. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that said accumulator and heat exchanger means (1) of the heat accumulator/exchanger device (A) consist of two solid plates (11) of solid conductive/accumulator material, each with one side larger interior face (111), a larger outer face (112), larger lateral faces (113) and smaller lateral faces (114), where each of the plates centrally presents a metal network or mesh inside for structuring the solid material.
3. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 2, CARACTERIZADO porque dichas placas sólidas (11) son de concreto armado. 3. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED because said solid plates (11) are made of reinforced concrete.
4. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 2, CARACTERIZADO porque dichas placas sólidas (11) están espaciadas y paralelas entre sí enfrentadas por sus caras mayores interiores (111) definiendo un espacio de separación (13) entre ellas. 4. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that said solid plates (11) are spaced and parallel to each other facing each other on their largest interior faces (111) defining a separation space (13) between them.
5. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 2 a 4, CARACTERIZADO porque dichas placas (11) de material sólido alojan en su interior un conducto continuo (115) que presenta dos aberturas (116) de entrada/salida ubicadas en alguna de las caras laterales menores (114). 5. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 2 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that said plates (11) of solid material house inside a continuous duct (115) that has two entry/exit openings (116) located on one of the smaller side faces (114).
6. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 a 5, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos medios conductores de fluido (2) líquido dispuestos por dentro del material sólido de las placas (11) , comprenden un conducto continuo (21) que tiene un extremo de entrada (211) y un extremo de salida (212), donde dichos extremos (211 y 212) del conducto continuo salen hacia el exterior de las placas (11) a través de las mencionadas aberturas (116) de entrada/salida ubicadas en alguna de las caras laterales menores (114) de dichas placas (11) . 6. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED in that said liquid fluid conducting means (2) arranged inside the solid material of the plates (11) , comprise a continuous duct (21) that has an inlet end (211) and an outlet end (212), where said ends (211 and 212) of the continuous duct exit towards the outside of the plates (11) through the aforementioned entry/exit openings (116) located on one of the smaller lateral faces (114) of said plates (11).
Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 a 6, CARACTERIZADO porque dicho conducto continuo (21) que va por dentro de las placas sólidas (11), presenta zonas rectas (213) y zonas de doblez curvo (214) , donde dichas zonas de doblez curvo (214) se disponen cercanas a las caras laterales menores (114) de dichas placas (11), mientras que las zonas rectas (213) se disponen a lo largo de dichas placas (11) . System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED because said continuous duct (21) that runs inside the solid plates (11), has straight areas (213 ) and curved folding zones (214), where said curved folding zones (214) are arranged close to the minor lateral faces (114) of said plates (11), while the straight zones (213) are arranged along of said plates (11).
Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a reivindicación 1 a 7, CARACTERIZADO porque dicho conducto continuo (21) que va por dentro de las placas sólidas (11) es de un material adecuado para conducir agua sanitaria a altas temperaturas, tal como algún tipo de polímero resistente pero flexible. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED because said continuous conduit (21) that runs inside the solid plates (11) is made of a material suitable for conducting sanitary water at high temperatures, such as some type of resistant but flexible polymer.
9. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 8, CARACTERIZADO porque dicho conducto continuo (21) que va por dentro de las placas sólidas (11) es de PEX (polietileno reticulado) . 9. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED because said continuous conduit (21) that runs inside the solid plates (11) is made of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene). ).
10. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 8, CARACTERIZADO porque dicho conducto continuo (21) que va por dentro de las placas sólidas (11) no posee ningún tipo de unión, ensamble o acople en todo su recorrido por el interior de dichas placas sólidas (11) . 10. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED because said continuous conduit (21) that runs inside the solid plates (11) does not have any type of union. , assemble or couple along its entire length inside said solid plates (11).
11. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 6 a 10, CARACTERIZADO porque la separación entre cada una de las secciones transversales del conducto continuo (21) , respecto de los tramos de conductos adyacentes, está en relación con la cantidad de masa del material sólido de la placa (11) que debe circundar a dicho conducto tal que la energía de transmisión térmica sea mayor a la energía térmica que se requiere para calentar el agua. 11. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 6 to 10, CHARACTERIZED because the separation between each of the cross sections of the continuous duct (21), with respect to the sections of adjacent ducts, is in relation with the amount of mass of the solid material of the plate (11) that must surround said conduit such that the thermal transmission energy is greater than the thermal energy required to heat the water.
12. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 6 a 11, CARACTERIZADO porque la relación entre largo, diámetro y espesor del conducto continuo (21) depende la cantidad de masa sólida conductora que circunda la sección del conducto, la temperatura de dicha masa sólida, la temperatura de entrada del agua y el caudal que pasa por el conducto continuo (21) . 12. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 6 to 11, CHARACTERIZED because the relationship between length, diameter and thickness of the continuous duct (21) depends on the amount of conductive solid mass. that surrounds the section of the conduit, the temperature of said solid mass, the inlet temperature of the water and the flow rate that passes through the continuous conduit (21).
13. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 12, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos medios conductores centrales del fluido (30) de aire caliente consisten en canales (31) curvos formados por un conjunto de láminas (32) espaciadas entre sí, donde cada lámina (32) presenta dos caras principales longitudinales opuestas entre sí (321 y 322), bordes longitudinales (323) y bordes de extremo (324), una zona recta central (325) , una zona recta de extremo (325) y una zona curva intermedia (327), estando dicho conjunto de láminas (32) que conforman canales curvos (31) , dispuestas en el espacio de separación (13) entre las placas sólidas (11). 13. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 12, CHARACTERIZED in that said central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30) consist of curved channels (31) formed by a set of sheets (32) spaced apart, where each sheet (32) has two main longitudinal faces opposite each other (321 and 322), longitudinal edges (323) and end edges (324), a central straight area (325 ), a straight end zone (325) and an intermediate curved zone (327), said set of sheets (32) that form curved channels (31), arranged in the separation space (13) between the solid plates (11).
14. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos bordes de extremo (324) del conjunto de láminas (32) conforman bocas de entrada/salida (33) de dichos medios conductores centrales (30) del fluido de aire caliente y están espaciadas entre sí conformando cavidades (331) alineadas entre sí, unidas por unas piezas laminares (332). 14. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 13, CHARACTERIZED in that said end edges (324) of the set of sheets (32) form inlet/outlet openings ( 33) of said central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid and are spaced apart forming cavities (331) aligned with each other, joined by lamellar pieces (332).
15. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 14, CARACTERIZADO porque dichas bocas de entrada/salida (33) de dichos medios conductores centrales (30) del fluido aire caliente se disponen entre dichas placas sólidas (11) adyacentes a alguna de sus caras laterales (111, 112, 113, 114). 15. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 14, CHARACTERIZED in that said inlet/outlet ports (33) of said central conductive means (30) of the hot air fluid They are arranged between said solid plates (11) adjacent to one of their lateral faces (111, 112, 113, 114).
16. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 15, CARACTERIZADO porque dichas bocas de entrada/salida (33) se conectan con las mencionadas columnas conductoras que conforman a los medios de dirección del fluido aire (B) del sistema completo . 16. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 15, CHARACTERIZED because said inlet/outlet ports (33) connect with the mentioned conductive columns that make up the air fluid direction means (B) of the complete system.
17. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 16, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos bordes longitudinales (323) del conjunto de láminas (32) van a tope con la cara mayor interna de las placas sólidas (11). 17. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 16, CHARACTERIZED in that said longitudinal edges (323) of the set of sheets (32) abut the largest internal face. of the solid plates (11).
18. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 17, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos bordes longitudinales (323) del conjunto de láminas (32) van embutidos en la cara mayor interna de las placas sólidas (11). 18. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 17, CHARACTERIZED in that said longitudinal edges (323) of the set of sheets (32) are embedded in the largest internal face of the solid plates (11).
19. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 18, CARACTERIZADO porque dicho conjunto de láminas (32) de los medios conductores centrales del fluido (30) de aire caliente, son láminas de material conductor, preferentemente de Aluminio . 19. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 18, CHARACTERIZED in that said set of sheets (32) of the central conductive means of the hot air fluid (30), They are sheets of conductive material, preferably aluminum.
20. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 19, CARACTERIZADO porque dichos medios aislantes exteriores (40) del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador de calor (A) , comprenden una capa continua (41) de material aislante que cubre las caras mayores y menores del dispositivo acumulador/intercambiador, definiéndose dos paredes aislantes mayores (411) , paredes aislantes laterales mayores (412) y dos paredes laterales menores (413). 20. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 19, CHARACTERIZED in that said external insulating means (40) of the accumulator/heat exchanger device (A), comprise a layer continuous (41) of insulating material that covers the major and minor faces of the accumulator/exchanger device, defining two major insulating walls (411), major side insulating walls (412) and two minor side walls (413).
21. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 20, CARACTERIZADO porque el material aislante de dichos medios aislantes exteriores (40) es poliestireno de alta densidad. 21. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 20, CHARACTERIZED because the insulating material of said external insulating means (40) is high-density polystyrene.
22. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 21, CARACTERIZADO porque el material aislante de dichos medios aislantes exteriores (40) es espuma de poliuretano. 22. System for heating air and domestic water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 21, CHARACTERIZED because the insulating material of said external insulating means (40) is polyurethane foam.
23. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 22, CARACTERIZADO porque el material aislante (41) presenta unas aberturas (42) de salida/entrada del conducto continuo (21) que tiene un extremo de entrada (211) y un extremo de salida (212), donde dichos extremos (211 y 212) del conducto continuo salen hacia el exterior por dichas aberturas (42) del material aislante. 23. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 22, CHARACTERIZED because the insulating material (41) has exit/entry openings (42) of the continuous duct (21) that has an inlet end (211) and an outlet end (212), where said ends (211 and 212) of the continuous duct They exit to the outside through said openings (42) of the insulating material.
24. Sistema para calefacción de aire y agua sanitaria a través del uso de energía solar, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 23, CARACTERIZADO porque el material aislante (41) presenta unas aberturas (43) de salida/entrada de dichos medios conductores centrales (30) del fluido aire caliente. 24. System for heating air and sanitary water through the use of solar energy, according to claims 1 to 23, CHARACTERIZED because the insulating material (41) has exit/entry openings (43) of said central conductive means. (30) of the hot air fluid.
PCT/CL2013/000045 2012-07-25 2013-07-25 System for heating air and sanitary water with solar energy, comprising a heat exchanger/storage device capable of storing heat in a solid mass and transferring heat from the fluid air to the fluid water for sanitary use WO2014019100A2 (en)

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