WO2014014910A1 - Energy pellet - Google Patents
Energy pellet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014014910A1 WO2014014910A1 PCT/US2013/050679 US2013050679W WO2014014910A1 WO 2014014910 A1 WO2014014910 A1 WO 2014014910A1 US 2013050679 W US2013050679 W US 2013050679W WO 2014014910 A1 WO2014014910 A1 WO 2014014910A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pellet
- binder
- component
- energy water
- wood
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
- C10L5/143—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with lignin-containing products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/24—Combating dust during shaping or briquetting; Safety devices against explosion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
- C10L5/16—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with bituminous binders, e.g. tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/083—Torrefaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to energy pellets made from torrefied wood and whole-tree (white) wood and methods of making same. More particularly, this invention relates to energy pellets made from torrefied wood or white wood combined with lignin and a biomass-based plastizer to form a water-resistant and durable high-energy-density pellet.
- One of the desirable biomass materials being developed is torrefied wood.
- Torrefied wood is wood that has been partially oxidized to drive off the water and the organic volatiles and a fraction of the cellulose, so that a "blackened" wood chip is the result.
- the torrefied wood chips are friable and can be easily formed into a high-energy, high-density pellet.
- a pellet made from southern yellow pine wood with its high resin content it will remain as a pellet for days when immersed in water - indicating excellent water repellency.
- a pellet made from southern yellow pine needs no binder, since the pellets from that wood is exposed to the 40,000+ psi of the extruder and temperatures exceeding 100°C, the natural components flow to form a water repellant binder naturally.
- most of the natural binders are burned off so that the resulting pellet has poor water repellency, and in a worst case, the pellets turn into a black "mud" upon exposure to water.
- Torrefied wood has the strong advantage of being closer to coal in its burning capabilities than white wood. And the energy (bulk) density of torrefied wood is much greater than white wood so its shipping costs are much lower.
- lignin is a macromolecule is chemically bound to cellulose and hemicellulose. In pulping processes or enzymatic biorefineries, the lignin is separated from the cellulose and hemicellulose and its molecular weight is reduced (i.e., the lignin is "chopped up").
- This isolated lignin at ambient conditions is a solid, but it can be melted at elevated temperature, with lower molecular weight lignin generally having a lower melt point.
- the problem is that isolated solidified lignin is very friable, and its melt point may not be ideal for the pelletizing system so that the lignin melts and flows within the pelletizer but solidifies upon exiting and cooling.
- the binder For a binder to work well in forming energy pellets, the binder must melt and flow under the extruder conditions of elevated temperature and pressure. As the pellets emerge from the extruder and cool, the binder must reform as a solid, coating and protecting the smaller elements - loose fibers of white wood or particles of torrefied wood.
- Lignosulfonate is a byproduct of the sulfite pulping process. Lignosulfonates have demonstrated commercial utility as binders for animal foods. Lignosulfonates are a poor choice as energy pellet binders because: (1) lignosulfonates have high levels of organically-bound sulfur - as high as 10% by mass - that converts to sulfur dioxide upon combustion; and (2) lignosulfonates contain residual sugar from the pulping process. These sugars are hydrophilic and deleteriously affect the water resistance of energy pellets. The sulfonate groups on the lignin are also hydrophilic, exacerbating the water resistance problem.
- a high-energy water-resistant pellet having at least 75% torrefied wood and the remainder being a two-component binder comprising from about 2% to about 25% by total weight of the pellet.
- the starting material is torrefied wood having a moisture content of below 15% water, with the equilibria water content being about 10-15% water.
- the binder is a two-component system - with a plastizer to adjust the melt point, such as tall oil pitch, rosin, fatty acids, animal oils, vegetable oils, or corn- oil proteins, preferably from 3% to about 20% of the binder, and lignin from about 80- 97% of the binder.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-energy, high-density water-repellant fuel pellet from torrefied wood or white wood that includes a two- component binder.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a high-energy pellet.
- a preferred fuel pellet of the present invention is produced from torrefied wood having a moisture content of below 15% water, with the equilibria water content being about 10-15% water, that has been mixed with a binder and compressed by passing through an extruder, typically at a temperature at which the binder is in a molten state while the torrefied wood is compressed.
- Forming the pellets commonly involves hydraulic extrusion through a fuel pellet die. Of course, other suitable compression equipment known to those skilled in the art may be used.
- the temperature of the torrefied wood and binder in the extruder is above 100°C but is not allowed to exceed 280°C to avoid adverse exothermal torrefication conditions.
- the temperature is maintained between 100°C and 165°C.
- Another embodiment of the present invention uses whole-tree (white) wood in place of torrefied wood.
- the white-wood is ground to a size that allows free-flow into the throat of the extruder.
- the water-resistant high-energy pellet comprises at least 75% torrefied wood and preferably at least about 85% torrefied wood, and the remainder a binder comprising from about 2% to about 25%, preferably about 3% to about 15%, by total weight of the pellet.
- the binder comprises of a plasticizer, such as tall oil pitch, preferably from 5% to about 20% by weight of the binder, and lignin from about 80% to about 97% by weight of the binder.
- the optimal ratio of the lignin to plasticizer will depend upon the characteristics of the torrefied wood, the lignin, and the plasticizer that are contained within the pellet. Those choices typically are made with economics being the primary factor.
- Lignin a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, of sufficiently low T g will flow and provide protective coverage within the pellet that is needed for water repellency but may not flow under the conditions of the pelletizer which operates at 105°C and >40,000 psi.
- the individual characteristics of the lignin chosen may not be suitable without a plasticizer since its T g may be too high which inhibits its flow at the
- the binders contemplated for use in this invention are totally natural organics, preferably tall oil pitch, fatty acids, rosin and the like.
- Tall oil pitch is the bottoms product from the first distillation column of a refinery that has tall oil as a feedstock and makes distilled rosins and fatty acids as products.
- the tall oil pitch may be used, or the "spent" tall oil pitch from which the valuable sterol fraction has been removed could be used.
- the binders of this invention may also include vegetable or animal oils to plasticize the lignin while providing water repellency.
- Com oil and corn protein isolated from ethanol processing provides a ready commercial source of natural plasticizers. Com protein has demonstrated binding capability, and provides additional binding capability to the lignin.
- Tall oil pitch is an excellent binder for fire logs, and TOP is currently commercially used for this application.
- the cost of TOP can be relatively high ($400- $600/ton).
- the "spent" tall oil pitch, which has the valuable sterol fraction removed is less expensive.
- Torrefied wood pellets have a bulk density (40-45 lbs/ft 3 ), about twice that of non-pelletized torrefied wood (16-20 lbs/ft 3 ), so making pellets dramatically reduces volume and subsequent transportation costs. Torrefied wood pellets have an energy density about the same as coal, 12,000 Btu/lb. Size-reduction characteristics of wood pellets - how they break down under mechanical forces - are much different than that of coal, which is a problem when large fractions of wood pellets are fed into existing pulverizing equipment used by all coal-buming power-generation equipment. However, size-reduction characteristics of torrefied wood pellets are very similar to those of coal. Thus the mechanical handling characteristics and energy density of torrefied wood pellets are very similar to coal, making those pellets much more acceptable as a direct substitute for coal.
- one of the critical characteristics of the high-energy-content torrefied wood pellets of this invention is that they are water repellant.
- Another important property is pellet strength and attrition resistance, since dust creates not only worker health and safety issues but also dust severely reduces the bulk density of the pellets so that a ship loaded with pellets crossing an ocean carries a lower mass loading causing the shipping rates per ton to be higher. This densification effect is counter-intuitive because the dust particles separate the individual pellets thereby decreasing the bulk density instead of partitioning entirely in the interstitial areas of the bulk pellets.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2879247A CA2879247A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2013-07-16 | Energy pellet |
US14/414,202 US20150203774A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2013-07-16 | Energy pellet |
US15/723,351 US20180037835A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2017-10-03 | Energy pellet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261673573P | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | |
US61/673,573 | 2012-07-19 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/414,202 A-371-Of-International US20150203774A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2013-07-16 | Energy pellet |
US15/723,351 Continuation-In-Part US20180037835A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2017-10-03 | Energy pellet |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014014910A1 true WO2014014910A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
Family
ID=49949205
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/050679 WO2014014910A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2013-07-16 | Energy pellet |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150203774A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2879247A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014014910A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2653362C1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-05-08 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна" | Method for fuel briquettes production from wood waste |
WO2019229526A1 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Borregaard As | ANTl-AUTOOXIDATIVE WOOD PELLET BINDER |
EP3378922A4 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-05-06 | The Industry & Academic Cooperation in Chungnam National University (IAC) | Toxic gas-reducing, environmentally-friendly ignition coal, and method of manufacturing same |
WO2020190862A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Melt-flowable extracts from biomass as a selective additive for agglomerated biomass with binding and moisture resistance properties |
US11085003B2 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2021-08-10 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Fuel compositions based on binders from cutin-containing materials |
US11091715B2 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2021-08-17 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Fuel compositions based on binders from birch bark |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10662387B2 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-05-26 | Arr-Maz Products, L.P. | Additive used in the production of wood pellets |
US10858606B2 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-12-08 | Arr-Maz Products, L.P. | Structured composite wood pellets for dust/fines mitigation and method of producing them |
US11033867B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2021-06-15 | Sustainable Fiber Technologies, LLC | Aqueous lignin and hemicellulose dispersion |
US11401661B2 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2022-08-02 | J & J Green Paper, Inc. | Recyclable composition for waterproofing paper utilizing a plant derived wax, pellets of the composition, recyclable waterproof paper laminate including the composition, recyclable hot beverage cup including the laminate, pod for making hot beverages including the laminate, and drinking straw including the laminate |
US11066588B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2021-07-20 | Sustainable Fiber Technologies, LLC | Deicing composition comprising lignocellulosic byproducts |
US11091697B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2021-08-17 | Sustainable Fiber Technologies, LLC | Dust suppressant and soil stabilization composition comprising lignocellulosic byproducts |
BR112020011698B1 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2023-11-07 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc | TOASTED BIOMASS BRIQUETS AND RELATED METHODS |
WO2019227031A1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-11-28 | Arr-Maz Products, L.P. | Additive used in the production of wood pellets |
CN109135862A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽大地节能科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass fuel binder and preparation method thereof |
US11572474B2 (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2023-02-07 | Sustainable Fiber Technologies, LLC | Compositions comprising lignocellulosic byproducts for tire ballasts and associated methods |
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US4552863A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1985-11-12 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Process for the production of activated carbon using wood as a carbon source |
US6152973A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 2000-11-28 | Innovation Investment Consultants Ab | Compressed wood fuel pellet and method and machine for making same |
US20060037236A1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-02-23 | Traeger Joseph P | Flavored wood pellet with wood oil |
KR20100011601A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-02-03 | 주식회사 엔베스텍 | The wood pellet where the binder becomes addition or coating |
KR20110030736A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | Wood pellet and method for making thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7960325B2 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2011-06-14 | Renewable Densified Fuels, Llc | Densified fuel pellets |
SE534484C2 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2011-09-06 | Zilkha Biomass Fuels Llc | Process for producing fuel pellets from a biological raw material, an arrangement therefor and fuel pellets |
CA2686099A1 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-05 | Mark A. Lowe | Oil impregnated particulate biomass, methods of manufacture and use thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-07-16 CA CA2879247A patent/CA2879247A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-16 WO PCT/US2013/050679 patent/WO2014014910A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-16 US US14/414,202 patent/US20150203774A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4552863A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1985-11-12 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Process for the production of activated carbon using wood as a carbon source |
US6152973A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 2000-11-28 | Innovation Investment Consultants Ab | Compressed wood fuel pellet and method and machine for making same |
US20060037236A1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-02-23 | Traeger Joseph P | Flavored wood pellet with wood oil |
KR20100011601A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2010-02-03 | 주식회사 엔베스텍 | The wood pellet where the binder becomes addition or coating |
KR20110030736A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | Wood pellet and method for making thereof |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3378922A4 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2020-05-06 | The Industry & Academic Cooperation in Chungnam National University (IAC) | Toxic gas-reducing, environmentally-friendly ignition coal, and method of manufacturing same |
RU2653362C1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-05-08 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна" | Method for fuel briquettes production from wood waste |
US11085003B2 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2021-08-10 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Fuel compositions based on binders from cutin-containing materials |
US11091715B2 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2021-08-17 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Fuel compositions based on binders from birch bark |
WO2019229526A1 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Borregaard As | ANTl-AUTOOXIDATIVE WOOD PELLET BINDER |
US11286439B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-03-29 | Borregaard As | Anti-autooxidative wood pellet binder |
WO2020190862A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Melt-flowable extracts from biomass as a selective additive for agglomerated biomass with binding and moisture resistance properties |
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CA2879247A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
US20150203774A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
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