WO2014012274A1 - 一种led单元及恒流式单元稳压led灯 - Google Patents

一种led单元及恒流式单元稳压led灯 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014012274A1
WO2014012274A1 PCT/CN2012/079390 CN2012079390W WO2014012274A1 WO 2014012274 A1 WO2014012274 A1 WO 2014012274A1 CN 2012079390 W CN2012079390 W CN 2012079390W WO 2014012274 A1 WO2014012274 A1 WO 2014012274A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
led
circuit
led control
control unit
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PCT/CN2012/079390
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张志军
Original Assignee
Zhang Zhijun
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Publication of WO2014012274A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014012274A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an LED unit and a constant current unit regulated LED lamp including a plurality of LED units. Background technique
  • the LED tube is called LED, which is the abbreviation of English Light Emi tt ing Diode.
  • the diode is made of a compound of gallium (Ga) and arsenic (AS) and phosphorus (P), that is, on the PN junction, holes and electrons. When jumping between, more energy is emitted in the form of light.
  • the color of light depends on the material of the LED, and it has red, yellow, green, white and other colors.
  • the normal working voltage of the red and yellow ultra-high brightness LEDs is generally in the range of 1. 9V to 2.
  • the forward working voltage of the green and white LEDs is generally around 3V, and the forward working current is 10 ⁇ . 25mA or so.
  • the circuit needs to meet two aspects: First, to meet the forward operating voltage of the LED light-emitting diode; Second, to meet the forward operating current of the LED light-emitting diode. At present, most of the products in the use of LEDs are only played by the advantages of the LED itself.
  • the control circuit is powered by constant voltage, voltage regulation or various types of voltage regulator (switch) power supplies and constant current sources.
  • the ratio of the overall power consumption to the actual load consumption of the LED is about 4:1, and since the transformer is an inductive load, the power factor is low. This causes a certain amount of reactive power loss.
  • the invention provides an LED control unit and a constant current unit voltage regulator LED control circuit including a plurality of LED control units, which solves the problems of the switching power supply for driving the LED lamps and the excessive starting current of the constant current source in the prior art. Effects, under the same brightness conditions, achieve low power, high brightness, power efficiency High, and the circuit works stably and reliably.
  • the invention provides an LED control unit comprising at least one light emitting diode and a voltage stabilizing circuit connected in parallel across the light emitting diode; the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for realizing stable operation of the circuit.
  • the power consumption of the Zener diode is very important, especially when the LED is damaged, the current flowing through the Zener diode can ensure the normal operation of the whole circuit.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the volt-ampere characteristic of the Zener diode to stabilize the operating current of the LED of the controlled LED; and can also use the characteristics of the forward voltage drop of the common diode to connect the diodes in series to make it positive.
  • the voltage drop is greater than the operating voltage of the LED, and the current limiting resistor acts as a stabilizer.
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit includes at least one voltage stabilizing tube or diode whose forward voltage drop is close to the operating voltage of the light emitting diode and is connected in parallel with the light emitting diode and the current limiting resistor.
  • each of the current limiting resistors is connected in series with one of the light emitting diodes.
  • the at least one diode in the LED voltage stabilizing circuit is six forward series silicon diodes or eleven forward series tantalum diodes.
  • the forward voltage drop of the PN junction of the silicon diode is generally between 0. 5V and 0. 7V, and the voltage drop in the forward junction is 0.
  • the series-connected voltage regulation value VZ of 6 is 3. 3V, which is close to the operating voltage of the LED; when the forward junction voltage drop of the ⁇ diode is 0.3V, the sum of the 1 ⁇ forward-connected ⁇ diodes The voltage regulation value VZ is 3. 3V, which is close to the working voltage of the light emitting diode.
  • the further technical effect is to use a light-emitting diode with a junction voltage drop of about 2V to 3V, and the voltage regulator diode has a voltage regulation value of 2. 2V to 5.6V.
  • the one Zener diode can stably parallel the unit circuits of the LEDs and the current limiting resistors of five groups or less.
  • the present invention also provides a constant current unit regulated LED control circuit comprising a rectifier bridge connected to a power supply, at least one LED control unit series branch connected to the rectifier bridge as described above, and at least one current limiting resistor.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: the step-down of the system is not stepped down by the transformer or the resistor, the capacitive step-down and the voltage dividing principle, but the voltage reduction is achieved by the unit voltage regulator circuit.
  • the unit voltage regulator circuit can directly install a resistor to implement the step-down.
  • Each unit voltage regulator circuit can arbitrarily add the number of diodes under the condition of power consumption to meet the design requirements of the required step-down value, and the unit step-down power Very small, so that the entire control system without any power components and heating components, so that the circuit can get stable and reliable work.
  • each of the one or a group of current limiting resistors is connected in series with an LED control unit series branch. Further, the at least one LED control unit is connected in parallel between the series branches.
  • the number of LED control units in the series branch of the LED control unit is 54-90 at an AC 220V voltage.
  • the circuit portion adopts an SMT chip process, and the entire device is completely applied to the surface of the PCB.
  • the effect of adopting this technical means is that the circuit has only one circuit board as a whole, without any external auxiliary circuit, and the installation is convenient and convenient for maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an LED control unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an LED control unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a constant current type voltage regulator LED control circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4a is a graph showing the total current of the red branch of the present invention.
  • Figure 4b is a voltage curve diagram of the red branch LED of the present invention.
  • Figure 4c is a graph showing the current of the red branch LED of the present invention.
  • Figure 5a is a graph showing the total current of the green branch of the present invention.
  • Figure 5b is a graph showing the voltage of the green branch LED of the present invention
  • Figure 5c is a current diagram of the green branch LED of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of the resistor buck unit.
  • VL LED junction voltage
  • VR current limiting resistor voltage drop
  • R current limiting resistor
  • Vz Zener voltage regulator value
  • Z diode
  • I z overcurrent regulator tube current
  • IL LED junction current
  • LED LED
  • C capacitor
  • HL1, HL2 constant current module
  • ZL rectifier bridge
  • BX fuse
  • DY LED unit
  • the LED control unit circuits according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention respectively have two parallel LED light emitting diodes and three parallel LED light emitting diodes as working units. Its two ends use a voltage stabilizing circuit to stabilize its working voltage. The voltage stabilized by the voltage stabilizing circuit is close to the working voltage of the LED. The so-called proximity can be slightly larger than, equal to or slightly smaller than the LED can work normally.
  • each series of finite current resistors, the current limiting resistor acts as a current limiting, and the size of the resistor depends on the stable voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit, so that the light-emitting diode is divided.
  • the voltage is close to (slightly greater than, equal to, or slightly less than) its operating voltage.
  • a diode or diode with a forward voltage drop close to the operating voltage of the LED and in parallel with the LED is used in series.
  • the circuit, the diode of the circuit is represented by Z, and the number can be determined within the range of 1 to 7 depending on the selected voltage.
  • a branch diagram of a circuit diagram of a constant current type voltage regulator LED control circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention includes a resistor connected in series with an LED voltage regulator circuit, due to the characteristics of the Zener diode
  • the curve determines that before it enters the regulation value, the voltage value changes with the change of the current, and the nonlinear variation range directly follows the change of the total voltage. Therefore, as long as the current limiting resistor R1 is properly selected, the circuit will A satisfactory control effect can be obtained.
  • the direct current step-down circuit using resistance is analyzed as follows:
  • the above principle is also to make full use of the working principle of the constant voltage characteristic of the common diode PN junction and the constant current operation of the constant current diode.
  • the control of the LED light emitting diode is constant voltage and then constant current. Because the voltage is stabilized, its current is naturally stabilized.
  • the voltage regulation value Vz of the unit voltage regulator circuit is 3.31V
  • the forward working voltage VL of the LED is 1.88V
  • the actual current limiting resistor R is 75 ⁇
  • the forward working current II of the LED is 18.5mA.
  • the forward operating current I z of the Zener diode is 7.5 mA.
  • the branch current is 26 mA and the branch power is 5.72W, this circuit works stably and consumes reasonable power.
  • the circuit adapts to ⁇ 15% of the power supply fluctuations.
  • the power supply voltage is 253V.
  • the operating current of the Zener diode rises at the same time due to the rise of the rated voltage.
  • the change of the regulation value Vz rises to about 1 Q%, and the operating current and voltage are presented.
  • the voltage regulation value Vz of the unit voltage regulator circuit is 3.42V.
  • the forward working current Iz of the Zener diode is 8.1mA
  • the forward working voltage VL of the LED is 1.89V.
  • the forward operating current II is 19.7mA, which is in line with the forward operating current range of the LED.
  • the regulator voltage Vz of the unit regulator circuit is 3.04V
  • the forward operating voltage of the LED is 1.85V
  • the forward operating current of the LED is 14.9mA.
  • the forward operating current is 4.5mA
  • Figure 4a-c is a diagram of a set of red LED full branch test results
  • the range of the variation of the regulation voltage Vz is also in the range of 0. 32V, the variation of the regulation value Vz is also in the range of 0.32V. Inside. Therefore, the amount of change in the operating current flowing through the LED light-emitting diode is 7. 1 mA, indicating that the range of brightness variation is also close. The total power of the branch is only changed from 3.46W to 7.41W, and the brightness of its branch also exceeds 400cd.
  • Figure 5a-c is a diagram of the test results of a set of green LED full branches
  • the Zener diode is a non-linear component, and therefore, the voltage regulation value is different when flowing through different forward working currents Iz, for example: the voltage regulation value Vz is 3. 29V forward
  • the operating current Iz is 8.4 mA
  • the operating current Iz is 8.4 mA.
  • Different voltage regulation values will also cause different current changes of the LEDs, but the range of variation is ok for the product. It can be seen that when the power supply voltage changes within the range of 187V ⁇ 25 3V, the circuit can work stably within its range, and no components are overloaded and heated, and the circuit works normally.
  • the power of its products is shown in Table 3: Table 3
  • the voltage regulator circuit can meet all the technical requirements of the LED traffic signal within a certain voltage regulation range, and the design is ingenious, novel, has a unique working principle, and can form a product, changing the traditional LED control mode.
  • Table 4 is a set of test data using resistor current limiting without constant current module. The circuit is shown in Figure 6. : Table 4
  • the circuit has a wide voltage working range, and can operate continuously over a wide voltage range, thereby having a dimming function. Since the cell regulator circuit has its unique circuit structure, when the power supply voltage rises, the rising voltage portion will be limited by the current limiting resistors R1 and 70. The voltage regulator circuits are evenly distributed. Therefore, the voltage rise of each voltage regulator unit is very small. It can be seen from Table 4 that when the power supply voltage varies between 180V and 250V, the voltage VR1 across the total current limiting resistor R1 is 3. Change from 9 to 17.6V, that is: When the power supply voltage has a change of 70V, the change value of VR1 is only 1.3.7V. The change voltage of 56.3V is evenly distributed by 70 unit voltage regulator circuits, and the result of equalization is that a satisfactory dimming effect can be obtained.
  • the technology also has the following characteristics:
  • the constant current type regulator circuit has no inductive components, although it has a capacitor, its capacity is extremely small, making the circuit as a whole resistive. So basically no reactive loss, power factor COS O l ;
  • step-down mode The step-down of the system is not stepped down by transformer or resistor, capacitive step-down and voltage divider, but by a constant-current unit regulator circuit.
  • the unit regulator circuit can directly install a resistor to achieve step-down (as shown in Figure 6).
  • Each unit regulator circuit can be used under the condition of power consumption.
  • the number of diodes is arbitrarily added to meet the design requirements of the required step-down value, and the unit step-down power is small, so that the entire control system does not have any power components and heating elements, and the circuit can be stably and reliably operated.
  • the advanced SMT chip process makes the whole product only on one circuit board, and the product realizes ultra-thin and ultra-small volume.
  • this product has a completely different working principle compared with the traditional LED control method.
  • the novel design concept has got rid of the traditional LED control method and has taken a new path in the field of LED control.
  • the circuit part of this product mainly uses the SMT chip process, so that the entire product device is completely applied to the surface of the PCB.
  • the thickness of the LED lamp does not exceed 16mm, and the total thickness of the chip LED does not exceed 6.
  • the water can be processed by the single tube, and the product can realize underwater work.
  • the overall layout is reasonable, the installation is simple, and the maintenance is convenient.
  • the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., which are within the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the protection of the present invention. Within the scope.

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  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种LED单元及恒流式单元稳压LED控制电路，其中一种恒流式单元稳压LED控制电路，包括与电源连接的整流桥、至少一个与整流桥连接的如上所述的LED控制单元串联支路和至少一个限流电阻。该方案利用稳压管及二极管正向压降的特性，起到了全单元的稳压作用，其控制方式更廉价、实用，且效率更高；此外，当电源电压低于正常供电电压时，由于全电路均工作在低于稳压值的工作状态，所低的电压被全部的单元稳压电路所均分，故所有LED的亮度均匀下降，从而在一定的电压范围内可以实现连续调光功能；实践证明：全电路可在AC/DC120V至270V的电压范围内可靠工作。

Description

说 明 书
一种 LED单元及恒流式单元稳压 LED灯
技术领域
本发明涉及一种 LED单元及包括多个 LED单元的恒流式单元稳压 LED灯。 背景技术
发光二极管的筒称为 LED,是英文 Light Emi t t ing Diode的缩写 由镓（Ga ) 与砷（AS )、 磷（P )的化合物制成的二极管， 也就是在 PN结上， 空穴和电子之 间跳跃时， 能量多的以光的形式发出。 光的颜色视发光二极管的制造材料而定， 有红、 黄、 绿、 白等多种颜色。
随着我国工业的发展， 各类 LED的照明及显示设备已经大量得到使用， 它 取代了传统的白炽灯， 实现了节约能源和环境保护的绿色环保目标。 同时， 低 成本、 长寿命也是它特有的优点之一。
然而，一般红色和黄色超高亮度发光二极管的正向工作电压一般在 1. 9V至 2. IV范围内， 绿色及白色的发光二极管正向工作电压一般在 3V左右， 正向工 作电流在 10 ~ 25mA左右。要满足 LED发光二极管的正常工作条件， 其电路需要 满足两个方面： 第一、 满足 LED发光二极管正向工作电压； 第二、 满足 LED发 光二极管正向工作电流。 目前在 LED的使用方面， 绝大部分的产品只是就 LED 本身的优点而发挥， 其控制电路是靠各式变压器恒压、 稳压或各类稳压（开关） 电源、 恒流源供电工作。 由于变压器的转换效率较低， 再加上稳压电源的功耗， 造成整体电源功耗与 LED的实际负载消耗差的比例在 4: 1左右， 且由于变压器 属于感性负载， 功率因数较低， 因而造成一定的无功损耗。 发明内容
本发明提供一种 LED控制单元及包括多个 LED控制单元的恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电路， 解决了现有技术中驱动 LED灯的开关电源、 恒流源启动电流过 大带来的各种影响， 在同等亮度的条件下， 实现了小功率、 高亮度， 电源功效 高， 且电路工作稳定可靠。
本发明提供一种 LED控制单元， 包括至少一个发光二极管和并联在所述发 光二极管两端的稳压电路； 所述稳压电路用于实现本电路的稳定工作。
这种发光二极管并联的控制方式的并联条件是：
1、 LED结压降的一致性； 因为不同结压降将会选择不同的 LED限流电阻， 这样会给大批量生产带来不便。
2、 稳压二极管的功耗很重要， 特别是当 LED损坏时， 流过稳压二极管的电 流能够保证全电路的正常工作。
本发明的有益效果是： 本发明利用稳压二极管的伏安特性， 均勾稳定所控 发光二级管 LED的工作电流； 也可利用普通二极管正向压降的特性， 将二极管 串联使其正向压降大于发光二极管工作电压， 通过限流电阻起到稳定的作用。
进一步， 所述的稳压电路包括至少一个正向压降接近发光二极管工作电压 且与发光二极管及限流电阻相并联的稳压管或二极管。
进一步， 所述每个限流电阻与一个发光二极管串联连接。
进一步， 所述 LED稳压电路中所述至少一个二极管为 6个正向串联的硅二 极管或为 11个正向串联的锗二极管。
采用此进一步的技术手段效果是针对结压降在 3V左右的发光二级管，一般 硅二极管 PN结的正向压降在 0. 5V ~ 0. 7V之间， 在正向结压降为 0. 55V时， 6 支的串联总和稳压值 VZ为 3. 3V , 接近发光二极管的工作电压； 在锗二极管的 正向结压降为 0. 3V时， 1 1个正向串联的锗二极管总和稳压值 VZ为 3. 3V ,接近 发光二极管的工作电压。
进一步的技术手段效果是针对结压降在 2V至 3V左右的发光二级管， 采用 稳压二极管的稳压值在 2. 2V至 5. 6V的稳压范围。
进一步， 所述一个稳压二极管可稳定并联五组以下的 LED及限流电阻所构 成的单元电路。 本发明还提供了一种恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电路， 包括与电源连接的整 流桥、 至少一个与整流桥连接的如上所述的 LED控制单元串联支路和至少一个 限流电阻。
本发明的有益效果是： 系统的降压没有通过变压器或电阻、 电容式降压和 分压原理降压， 而是通过单元稳压电路实现降压。 单元稳压电路可直接安装一 电阻实现降压， 每个单元稳压电路可在功耗允许的条件下任意加装二极管的个 数来满足所需降压值的设计要求， 且单元降压功率很小， 使整个控制系统无任 何功率组件和发热元件， 也使电路可以得到稳定可靠的工作。
进一步，所述每一个或一组限流电阻与一个 LED控制单元串联支路相串联。 进一步， 所述至少一个 LED控制单元串联支路之间并联连接。
进一步，所述 LED控制单元串联支路中 LED控制单元的个数在交流 220V电 压时为 54-90个。
进一步， 所述电路部分采用 SMT贴片工艺， 整个器件完全贴敷在 PCB表面。 采用此技术手段的效果是使得电路整体只有一块电路板， 无任何外接辅助 电路， 安装筒捷、 维修方便。
附图说明
图 1为本发明具体实施例 1所述的一种 LED控制单元的电路图；
图 2为本发明具体实施例 2所述的一种 LED控制单元的电路图；
图 3为本发明具体实施例 3所述的一种恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电路的电 路图；
图 4a为本发明红色支路总电流曲线图；
图 4b为本发明红色支路 LED电压曲线图；
图 4 c为本发明红色支路 LED电流曲线图；
图 5a为本发明绿色支路总电流曲线图；
图 5b为本发明绿色支路 LED电压曲线图； 图 5c为本发明绿色支路 LED电流曲线图；
图 6为电阻降压单元电路图。
附图标记：
VL、 发光二极管结电压， VR、 限流电阻压降， R、 限流电阻， Vz、 稳压 管稳压值， Z 、 二极管， I z、 过流稳压管电流， I L、 发光二极管结电流， LED, 发光二极管， C、 电容， HL1、 HL2、 恒流模块 ， ZL、 整流桥， BX 、 保险管， DY、 LED单元。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述， 所举实例只用于解释本发 明， 并非用于限定本发明的范围。
如图 1、 图 2所示， 分别为本发明实施例 1和实施例 2所述的 LED控制单 元电路， 分别以两支并联的 LED发光二极管和三支并联的 LED发光二极管为工 作单元， 在它的两端用稳压电路稳定其工作电压， 稳压电路所稳定的电压接近 发光二极管的工作电压， 所谓接近可以是略大于、 等于或略小于， 以 LED可以 正常工作为准。
作为实施例， 在两个和三个并联的 LED发光二极管回路各串有限流电阻， 此限流电阻起到限流的作用， 电阻大小取决于稳压电路稳定的电压， 使分到发 光二极管的电压接近（略大于、 等于或略小于）其工作电压， 在这两个实施例 中， 选用一个正向压降接近发光二极管工作电压且与发光二极管相并联的二极 管或二极管正向串联作为稳压电路， 该电路的二极管用 Z来表示， 其数量可在 1 ~ 7支范围内根据选取的电压而定。
当电源电压在 220V时， 系统采用桥式整流电路， 所得到的直流电压为脉动 直流电压，其直流电压的有效值较低， 故本电路在稳压管两端并接一电容 C , 优 选的其容量为 4. 7 F , 在此起到一定的滤波作用。 因为电路电容的总容量为 1/C=1/C+1/C2+.... +1/Cn, 所以对电源不会产生什么影响。
以上只是利用二极管起到了稳压的效果， 除此以外， 一切符合所稳定的电 压接近发光二极管的工作电压条件的电路及元件都可以作为稳压电路。
如图 3所示， 本发明具体实施例 3所述的一种恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电 路的电路图的支路中包括与 LED稳压电路集联串联的一个电阻， 由于稳压管特 性曲线决定， 在其进入稳压值之前， 电压值是随电流的变化而变化的， 其非线 性的变化范围， 直接跟随了总电压的变化， 因而， 只要合理的选用限流电阻 R1, 电路便可以得到满意的控制效果。 采用电阻直接降压式电路分析如下：
如图 3所示， 电路由 70个单元稳压电路所组成，每一个单元稳压电路并入 两只发光二极管， 流过每一只发光二级管 LED的电流为 17mA, 流过稳压管的电 流为 4mA, 即总电流计算为 38mA。 因此， 合理的选取限流电阻 R1是整个电路的 关键。 所以， 只要我们严格控制整个回路的总电流， 即可用功率很小的电阻实 现限流。 实践中， 我们对发光二极管的控制电路进行试验， 全电路电流在 220V 时为 38.8mA, 总限流电阻 R1两端的电压 VR1=10.9V, R1的取值为 280Ω, 电阻 上的功耗为 0.42W。 为分散功耗， 我们采用了 4只 1.2kO/0.5W的电阻并联使 用， 从而使每只电阻的功耗控制在 0.1W, 当电源电压上升至 250V时， 限流电 阻 R1两端的电压 VR1上升为 17.6V, 流过 R1的电流上升至 63mA, 此时电阻上 的总功耗为 1.11W, 每只电阻的功耗控制在 0.28 W, 完全可以保证全电路能够 正常工作。
上述原理也正是充分利用了普通二极管 PN结的稳压特性工作原理以及恒 流二极管的恒流的工作原理， 对 LED发光二极管的控制是先恒压而后恒流。 因 为稳定了电压， 其电流也就自然得到稳定。
然而， 理论和实际是有一定差距的。 经过试验： 全支路我们选用红色发光 二极管共计 60支， 采用恒流模块控制， 此电路在经过试验后测得：
单元稳压电路的稳压值 Vz为 3.31V, 发光二极管的正向工作电压 VL为 1.88V, 实际限流电阻 R取 75 Ω ,发光二极管正向工作电流 II为 18.5mA,此时， 流过稳压管的正向工作电流 I z为 7.5mA。 支路工作电流 26 mA , 支路功率为 5.72W, 此电路工作稳定且功耗合理。
而后就是电路如何适应 ±15%的电源波动。 首先我们分析 220V + 15%的电 路工作状况。此时电源电压为 253V,根据稳压管的特性曲线， 因额定电压上升， 稳压管的工作电流也在同时上升，稳压值 Vz的变化上升在 1 Q %左右， 而工作电 流与电压呈非线性变化， 其动态内阻 RW随电压的上升下降， 因此， 工作电流 Iz有所增加。 当电源电压升至 253V时， 单元稳压电路的稳压值 Vz为 3.42V, 此时稳压管的正向工作电流 Iz为 8.1mA, 发光二极管的正向工作电压 VL为 1.89V, 发光二极管正向工作电流 II为 19.7mA, 符合发光二极管的正向工作电 流范围， 支路功率 P=253Vx ( 19.7mA+ 8.1mA)为 7.03W。 反之， 当电源电压降 至 187V时，单元稳压电路的稳压值 Vz为 3.04V,发光二极管的正向工作电压为 1.85V, 发光二极管正向工作电流为 14.9mA, 此时稳压管的正向工作电流为 4.5mA, 支路功率 P=187Vx ( 14.9mA + 4.5mA ) 为 3.63W。
恒流模块控制的红色 LED全支路试验结果见表一：
表一 所测数据均为平均值
Figure imgf000007_0001
通过表一中偏差值显示，在电源电压波动为 ±15%即 187V- 253V时， 其总 支路电流只有 8.4mA的变化量， 稳压值 Vz的变化量在 0.38V的范围内。 因此， 流过 LED发光二极管的向工作电流变化量仅为 4.8mA, 说明其亮度变化范围十 分接近。 而支路的总功率也只在 3.63W至 7.03W内变化， 其支路亮度已超过 400cd。
图 4a-c是一组红色 LED全支路测试结果的示图
我们用上述工作原理对绿色 LED发光二极管电路进行测试， 其限流电阻 R 取 27 Ω , 支路 LED发光二极管总数仍为 60支， 得到的全支路试验结果见表二： 表二 所测数据均为平均值
Figure imgf000008_0001
表二中偏差值显示，在电源电压波动为 ± 15 %即 187V - 253V时， 其总支路 电流也只有 1 0. 8mA的变化量， 稳压值 Vz的变化量也在 0. 32V的范围内。 因此， 流过 LED发光二极管的向工作电流变化量为 7. 1mA , 说明其亮度变化范围也很 接近。 而支路的总功率也只在 3. 46W至 7. 41W内变化， 其支路亮度也同样超过 400cd。
图 5a-c是一组绿色 LED全支路测试结果的示图
通过实践表明： 稳压二极管由于其属于非线性元件， 因此， 在流过不同的 正向工作电流 Iz时， 其表现的稳压值也不同， 例如： 稳压值 Vz为 3. 29V时正向 工作电流为 4. 7mA , 而稳压值 Vz达到 3. 61V时， 工作电流 Iz则为 8. 4mA。 不同 的稳压值也将弓 )起发光二极管不同的电流变化， 但其变化范围就产品而言是可 由此可见， 当电源电压在 187V ~ 25 3V范围内变化时， 电路能够工作稳定在 其范围内， 且无任何元件过载、 发热， 电路工作正常。 其产品功率如表三所示： 表三
Figure imgf000009_0001
通过上述试验表明， 恒流式单元
稳压电路在一定的稳压范围内能够满足 LED交通信号灯的全部技术要求， 且设计巧妙、 新颖， 有独特的工作原理， 并能形成产品， 改变了传统的 LED控 制模式。
此外， 恒流式单元稳压 LED控制方式也可采用不使用恒流模块做为恒流控 制，表四是一组不用恒流模块而采用电阻限流的试验数据， 其电路如图 6所示： 表四
白色 LED灯的测试结果
Figure imgf000009_0002
通过图 3与表四的特性曲线可以看出： 该电路具有很宽的电压工作范围， 即 可在较宽的电压范围内连续工作， 从而具有调光功能。 由于单元稳压电路有其 独特的电路结构， 当电源电压上升时， 上升的电压部分将被限流电阻 R1和 70 个单元稳压电路均摊， 因此， 每一个稳压单元上升的电压都非常小， 由表四可 以看出，当电源电压在 180V至 250V之间变化时，总限流电阻 R1两端的电压 VR1 在 3. 9至 17. 6V范围内变化， 也就是说： 电源电压有 70V的变化时， VR1的变化 值只有 1 3. 7V。 有 56. 3V的变化电压被 70个单元稳压电路所均摊， 均摊的结果 是可以得到满意的调光效果。
同时该技术还具有以下特点：
a、 恒流式单元稳压电路由于没有感性元件， 虽有电容， 但其容量极小，使 电路整体呈阻性。 所以基本上没有无功损耗， 功率因数 COS O l ;
b、 在同等亮度的条件下， 从真正意义上实现了小功率、 高亮度。
c、 经济的降压方式： 系统的降压没有通过变压器或电阻、 电容式降压和分 压原理降压， 而是通过恒流式单元稳压电路实现降压。 当所需产品设计少于 60 支以下的 LED发光二极管时， 单元稳压电路可直接安装一电阻实现降压 （如图 6所示） ， 每个单元稳压电路可在功耗允许的条件下任意加装二极管的个数来 满足所需降压值的设计要求， 且单元降压功率很小， 使整个控制系统无任何功 率组件和发热元件， 也使电路可以得到稳定可靠的工作。
d、 无需电源及功率组件， 直接降低了 LED的控制成本；
e、先进的 SMT贴片工艺使整个产品只做在一块电路板上，产品实现了超薄 超小体积。
从一定意义上说， 本产品与传统的 LED控制方式相比有着截然不同的工作 原理， 新颖的设计理念摆脱了传统的 LED控制方式， 在 LED的控制领域中走出 了一条新路。
本产品的电路部分主要采用 SMT贴片工艺，使整个产品器件完全贴敷在 PCB 表面。 整体只有一块电路板， 无任何外接辅助电路， 灯盘包含 LED的厚度不超 过 16mm, 贴片 LED的总厚度不会超过 6 通过筒单的防水处理， 产品即可实 现水下工作。 且整体布局合理、 安装筒捷、 维修方便。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的 保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种 LED控制单元， 其特征在于， 包括至少一个发光二极管和并联 在所述发光二极管两端的稳压电路； 所述稳压电路用于实现本电路的稳定工 作。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED控制单元， 其特征在于， 所述的稳压电 路包括至少一个正向压降接近发光二极管工作电压且与发光二极管及限流 电阻相并联的稳压管或二极管。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED控制单元， 其特征在于， 所述每个限流 电阻与一个发光二极管串联连接。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2任一所述的 LED控制单元， 其特征在于， 所述 LED稳压电路中所述至少一个二极管为 6个正向串联的硅二极管或为 11个正 向串联的锗二极管。
5. 根据权利要求 4任一所述的 LED控制单元， 其特征在于， 所述一个 稳压二极管可稳定并联五组以下的 LED及限流电阻所构成的单元电路。
6. 一种恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电路， 包括与电源连接的整流桥， 其 特征在于， 还包括至少一个与整流桥连接的如权利要求 1-4 任一项所述的 LED控制单元串联支路和至少一个限流电阻。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的恒流式单元稳压 LED灯， 其特征在于， 所述 每一个或一组限流电阻与一个 LED控制单元串联支路相串联。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的恒流式单元稳压 LED灯， 其特征在于， 所述 至少一个 LED控制单元串联支路之间并联连接。
9. 根据权利要求 9所述的恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电路，其特征在于， 所述 LED控制单元串联支路中 LED控制单元的个数在交流 220V 电压时为 54-90个。
1 0.根据权利要求 6-9任一项所述的恒流式单元稳压 LED控制电路， 其 特征在于，所述电路部分采用 SMT贴片工艺，整个器件完全贴敷在 PCB表面。
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