WO2014008976A2 - Charger device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Charger device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014008976A2
WO2014008976A2 PCT/EP2013/001802 EP2013001802W WO2014008976A2 WO 2014008976 A2 WO2014008976 A2 WO 2014008976A2 EP 2013001802 W EP2013001802 W EP 2013001802W WO 2014008976 A2 WO2014008976 A2 WO 2014008976A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
charging
battery
motor vehicle
charging device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/001802
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2014008976A3 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Achhammer
Original Assignee
Audi Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi Ag filed Critical Audi Ag
Publication of WO2014008976A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014008976A2/en
Publication of WO2014008976A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014008976A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging device for a high voltage battery of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one AC voltage connection to an AC voltage source to be used for charging and a conversion device converting the AC voltage into a charging voltage, wherein the conversion device comprises a voltage doubler circuit.
  • high voltage batteries are used to operate an electric motor and / or other systems, such as air conditioning systems.
  • the high-voltage battery has a higher voltage than the usually existing low-voltage battery, the voltage can be for example 12 V.
  • the voltage of a high-voltage battery, which usually supplies a high-voltage network inside the motor vehicle is above 12 V.
  • Such a high-voltage battery must, in particular in the case of pure electric motor vehicles, be charged frequently in order to ensure the corresponding functionalities, in particular the driving operation of an electric motor vehicle.
  • an AC voltage source for example, a public AC voltage network is used.
  • a charging device is necessary, which converts the AC voltage into a suitable charging voltage, thus a DC voltage.
  • charging devices are known which have a rectifier stage, which generates a DC voltage from the AC voltage which is applied to a DC intermediate circuit. sen.
  • the DC voltage of the DC link is used via a DC-DC converter (DC / EC converter) for charging the high-voltage battery from the DC link.
  • the charging device has a very high weight and a very large size.
  • DE 600 28 854 T2 discloses a battery charger for a hybrid vehicle. It is assumed that a charger having a DC / AC inverter, which converts a DC input voltage into an AC voltage and drives the AC voltage to a predetermined voltage level, in addition, a voltage doubling section is provided, the output AC voltage of the DC / AC inverter or an input AC voltage drives up without the DC / AC inverter is connected to a doubled voltage. In addition, a rectification is made possible by the voltage doubling section. Thus, the local main battery can be charged with both a DC power supply and an AC power supply.
  • the battery charger described therein may further include an electrical terminal for an external input and output signal disposed between the converter section and the voltage doubler section so that an AC voltage of an external power supply can be applied.
  • DE 600 28 854 T2 discloses a voltage doubling section in which a first capacitor is initially charged during a half-cycle of an external AC voltage, during which the voltage of this first capacitor is shifted to a second capacitor during the second, negative half-cycle so that DC pulses spaced from one another are summarized which have a negative impact on the high-voltage battery or other components of the overall system. tems, in particular the charging device, can have. The transferable power is therefore not optimal. Another problem of this prior art is that one of the AC potentials is at a DC potential of the high voltage network, so that the potential hazard is increased in the event of a fault when touching a DC potential of the high voltage network.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a charging device in which a more uniform charging voltage and a higher usable power are available.
  • the invention provides, in a charging device of the type mentioned at the beginning, that the voltage doubler circuit has at least two capacitors connected in such a way that one half-wave of the alternating voltage charges an associated capacitor.
  • each half-wave is assigned a capacitor to be charged in the voltage doubler circuit.
  • diodes can be used.
  • both half-waves of an AC voltage are rectified in each case a capacitor, wherein the circuit of the capacitors is such that the total voltage of the arrangement of both capacitors, which are in particular connected in series, can charge in the unloaded state up to twice the voltage amplitude of the AC voltage ,
  • the battery voltage should be naturally less than twice the voltage amplitude of the AC voltage to load the half-waves of the alternating voltage alternately in each case one of the capacitors and feed it via the serial arrangement with simultaneous discharge of each another capacitor a pulsed, described by the charging voltage DC current in the high-voltage battery, as soon as after switching on in the capacitors at least the battery voltage is reached.
  • a charging current flows into the high-voltage battery at each half-wave, so that a total of a higher power is transferable.
  • a more uniform, pulsed DC voltage is generated as a charging voltage whose negative effects on the battery and / or the remaining electronics are lower.
  • a connecting line in particular a connecting line per phase
  • the AC voltage terminal is grounded so that none of the charging lines of the high voltage battery is connected to ground.
  • a lying on ground point or lying on ground line can therefore be sent selected so that there is no direct connection of charging lines of the high voltage battery and thus the high voltage network of the motor vehicle to ground.
  • not one of the AC potentials is directly on a DC potential of the high-voltage network, so that the potential hazard in case of failure in contact with a DC potential of the high-voltage network during charging is lower.
  • a central, lying on ground first connecting line of the AC voltage terminal is connected via a respective capacitor to the charging lines of the high voltage battery, wherein the second connecting line of the AC voltage terminal via each one of two diodes whose directions of passage are opposite, each with a charge connected.
  • the other connecting lead is coupled via diodes of the voltage doubler circuit connected in the opposite direction to the charging leads of the high-voltage battery (and thus also to the capacitors on the other terminal side).
  • the charging device has at least one inductor, in particular two inductors, for smoothing the charging current profile and / or as a current limiting element.
  • provision can be made, for example, for a first inductance to be provided in a line connecting the first connecting line to the capacitors and / or a second inductance to be arranged in an output line of the converting device connected to a charging line of the high-voltage battery.
  • Such inductors serve two different purposes. On the one hand, high current surges at the time of switching on can be avoided, after which any instantaneous value of the alternating voltage is then switched to an, for example, uncharged capacitor.
  • the inductance acts as a current limiter, in this case, for example, the first inductance.
  • the inductances also serve to smooth the pulsed charging voltage characteristic and the charging current characteristic resulting therefrom during the charging process.
  • the at least one inductance thus advantageously reduces the current in the switch-on or when matching the capacitors to the battery voltage when switching on and also ensures a smoothing of the current flow. It is also expedient if the AC voltage source is a three-phase AC voltage source and / or an AC voltage network.
  • the alternating voltage network can be a public alternating voltage network with particular advantage, which means that a user can load his built-in particular in an electric motor vehicle high voltage battery via a simple connection to a power outlet.
  • a controller is provided to control the charging operation.
  • the control device is designed for charging, for example, for closing provided on the high-voltage battery or at the output of the voltage doubler circuit contactors. It is also conceivable, moreover, to provide a switching means for the AC voltage source in order to realize a further switching possibility here.
  • the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle, comprising a high-voltage battery and a charging device according to the invention.
  • All statements relating to the charging device according to the invention can be analogously transferred to the motor vehicle according to the invention, with which therefore also the advantages mentioned can be obtained.
  • the motor vehicle can also be a control part which forms part of the charging device or is provided separately. include device, which controls the charging process, in particular by controlling appropriate switching means, such as shooters.
  • the charging device but in particular at least the voltage doubler circuit, can also be integrated into the high-voltage battery itself.
  • Fig. 2 shows a charging device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows the charging current waveform in the high voltage battery.
  • the motor vehicle 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention, which is designed here as an electric motor vehicle 1.
  • the motor vehicle 1 comprises an electric motor 2 which is connected to a high-voltage battery 4 via an only indicated high-voltage network 3.
  • a low-voltage network powered by a low-voltage battery, the voltage is lower than that of the high-voltage battery may be provided, which is not shown in detail for reasons of clarity.
  • the charging device comprises a converter device 6, which converts via an AC voltage connection 7 from an external AC voltage source 8 supplied AC voltage into a charging voltage and thus a charging current for the high-voltage battery 4.
  • the motor vehicle 1 further comprises a battery control device 9, which controls the battery 4 in general and also the charging process in particular.
  • the more detailed structure of the charging device 5 is shown in FIG.
  • the AC voltage source 8 is connected via the AC voltage terminal 7 and corresponding connection lines 10 to the converter device 6 as part of the charging device 5.
  • the converter device 6 comprises a voltage doubler circuit 11, via which a suitable rectification of the AC voltage is to take place.
  • a central connection line 10 is coupled via a first inductance L1 to a connection point 12 lying between two capacitors C1 and C2. As shown, this first connecting line is grounded 17.
  • the second lower connecting line 10 in FIG. 2 is also coupled to the capacitors C1 and C2 via diodes D1 and D2 connected in an opposite forward direction. In this way, the capacitor C1 is charged during the positive half cycle through the diode D2, during the negative half cycle via the diode D1, the capacitor C2.
  • External connection points 13 of the series connection of the capacitors C1 and C2 are connected to the high-voltage network and thus charge lines 14 of the high-voltage battery 4, usually via a contactor 15 here comprehensive switching means 16, which can be controlled by the control unit 9.
  • a second inductance L2 is presently provided.
  • the inductance L1 acts as a current limiter, so that the not yet charged capacitors C1 and C2 are spared.
  • the voltage curve of the charging voltage generated by the voltage doubler circuit 11 is shown in FIG.
  • the capacitors C1 and C2 are alternately charged by the respective half-waves. This is how a DC voltage builds up. If this DC voltage now exceeds the battery voltage of the high-voltage battery 4, the Charging process: Whenever one of the capacitors C1 and C2 is charged by the respective half-waves, this results in a charge current charging the high-voltage battery 4 and discharging the respective other capacitor C2, C1.
  • the charging current is a periodically slightly fluctuating direct current, as shown in FIG. 3, which is, however, smoothed by the inductors L1 and L2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A charger device (5) for a high-voltage battery (4) of a motor vehicle (1), comprising at least one alternating voltage connection (7) to an alternating voltage source (8), to be used for charging, and a converter device (6) which converts the alternating voltage into a charge voltage, wherein the converter device (6) comprises a voltage-doubling circuit (11), and the voltage-doubling circuit (11) has at least two capacitors (C1, C2,) which are connected in such a way that in each case a half wave of the alternating voltage charges an assigned capacitor (C1, C2).

Description

Ladeeinrichtung für eine Hochspannungsbatterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Kraftfahrzeug  Charging device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ladeeinrichtung für eine Hochspannungsbatterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs, umfassend wenigstens einen Wechselspannungsan- schluss an eine zum Laden zu verwendende Wechselspannungsquelle und eine die Wechselspannung in eine Ladespannung umwandelnde Wandlungseinrichtung, wobei die Wandlungseinrichtung eine Spannungsverdopplerschaltung umfasst. The invention relates to a charging device for a high voltage battery of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one AC voltage connection to an AC voltage source to be used for charging and a conversion device converting the AC voltage into a charging voltage, wherein the conversion device comprises a voltage doubler circuit.
In heutigen Kraftfahrzeugen, insbesondere Elektro- und Hybridkraftfahrzeugen, werden sogenannte Hochspannungsbatterien eingesetzt, um einen Elektromotor und/oder andere Systeme, beispielsweise Klimasysteme, betreiben zu können. Die Hochspannungsbatterie hat dabei eine höhere Spannung als die üblicherweise auch vorhandene Niedrigspannungsbatterie, deren Spannung beispielsweise bei 12 V liegen kann. Mithin liegt die Spannung einer Hochspannungsbatterie, die üblicherweise ein Hochspannungsnetz innerhalb des Kraftfahrzeuges versorgt, oberhalb von 12 V. In today's motor vehicles, especially electric and hybrid vehicles, so-called high voltage batteries are used to operate an electric motor and / or other systems, such as air conditioning systems. The high-voltage battery has a higher voltage than the usually existing low-voltage battery, the voltage can be for example 12 V. Thus, the voltage of a high-voltage battery, which usually supplies a high-voltage network inside the motor vehicle, is above 12 V.
Eine derartige Hochspannungsbatterie muss, insbesondere bei reinen Elekt- rokraftfahrzeugen, häufig geladen werden, um die entsprechenden Funktionalitäten, insbesondere den Fahrbetrieb eines Elektrokraftfahrzeugs, sicherzustellen. Üblicherweise wird dabei eine Wechselspannungsquelle, beispielsweise ein öffentliches Wechselspannungsnetz verwendet. Hierzu ist entweder im Kraftfahrzeug selber oder beispielsweise in Form einer Ladestation außerhalb des Kraftfahrzeugs eine Ladeeinrichtung notwendig, die die Wechselspannung in eine geeignete Ladespannung, mithin eine Gleichspannung, umwandelt. Entsprechend sind Ladeeinrichtungen bekannt, die eine Gleichrichterstufe, die aus der Wechselspannung eine Gleichspannung erzeugt, welche an einem Gleichspannungs-Zwischenkreis anliegt, aufwei- sen. Die Gleichspannung des Zwischenkreises wird über einen Gleichspannungswandler (DC/EC-Wandler) zum Laden der Hochspannungsbatterie aus dem Gleichspannungs-Zwischenkreis verwendet. Such a high-voltage battery must, in particular in the case of pure electric motor vehicles, be charged frequently in order to ensure the corresponding functionalities, in particular the driving operation of an electric motor vehicle. Usually, an AC voltage source, for example, a public AC voltage network is used. For this purpose, either in the motor vehicle itself or for example in the form of a charging station outside the motor vehicle, a charging device is necessary, which converts the AC voltage into a suitable charging voltage, thus a DC voltage. Accordingly, charging devices are known which have a rectifier stage, which generates a DC voltage from the AC voltage which is applied to a DC intermediate circuit. sen. The DC voltage of the DC link is used via a DC-DC converter (DC / EC converter) for charging the high-voltage battery from the DC link.
Diese beschriebene, bekannte Lösung ist recht aufwendig und zudem kostenintensiv. Zudem weist die Ladeeinrichtung ein sehr hohes Gewicht und eine sehr hohe Baugröße auf. This described, known solution is quite complicated and also costly. In addition, the charging device has a very high weight and a very large size.
DE 600 28 854 T2 offenbart ein Batterieladegerät für ein Hybridfahrzeug. Dabei wird von einem Ladegerät ausgegangen, das einen Gleichspan- nungs/Wechselspannungs-Wechselrichter aufweist, der eine Eingangs- Gleichspannung in eine Wechselspannung wandelt und die Wechselspannung auf ein vorbestimmtes Spannungsniveau hochtreibt, wobei zusätzlich ein Spannungsverdopplungsabschnitt vorgesehen ist, der die Ausgangs- Wechselspannung von dem Gleichspannungs/Wechselspannungs- Wechselrichter oder eine Eingangs-Wechselspannung hochtreibt, ohne dass der Gleichspannungs/Wechselspannungs-Wechselrichter mit einer verdoppelten Spannung verbunden ist. Zudem wird durch den Spannungsverdopplungsabschnitt eine Gleichrichtung ermöglicht. Somit kann die dortige Hauptbatterie sowohl mit einer Gleichspannungsversorgung als auch mit einer Wechselspannungsversorgung geladen werden. Das dort beschriebene Batterieladegerät kann jedoch ferner einen elektrischen Anschluss für ein externes Eingangs- und Ausgangssignal aufweisen, der zwischen dem Wandlerabschnitt und dem Spannungsverdopplerabschnitt angeordnet ist, so dass eine Wechselspannung einer externen Spannungsversorgung angelegt werden kann. DE 600 28 854 T2 discloses a battery charger for a hybrid vehicle. It is assumed that a charger having a DC / AC inverter, which converts a DC input voltage into an AC voltage and drives the AC voltage to a predetermined voltage level, in addition, a voltage doubling section is provided, the output AC voltage of the DC / AC inverter or an input AC voltage drives up without the DC / AC inverter is connected to a doubled voltage. In addition, a rectification is made possible by the voltage doubling section. Thus, the local main battery can be charged with both a DC power supply and an AC power supply. However, the battery charger described therein may further include an electrical terminal for an external input and output signal disposed between the converter section and the voltage doubler section so that an AC voltage of an external power supply can be applied.
DE 600 28 854 T2 offenbart dabei einen Spannungsverdopplungsabschnitt, in dem zunächst während einer Halbwelle einer externen Wechselspannung ein erster Kondensator aufgeladen wird, wobei während der zweiten, negativen Halbwelle die Spannung dieses ersten Kondensators zu einem zweiten Kondensator verschoben wird, so dass zusammenfassend voneinander beabstandete Gleichspannungspulse entstehen, die einen negativen Einfluss auf die Hochspannungsbatterie oder sonstige Komponenten des Gesamtsys- tems, insbesondere der Ladeeinrichtung, haben können. Die übertragbare Leistung ist mithin nicht optimal. Ein weiteres Problem dieses Standes der Technik ist es, dass eines der Wechselspannungspotentiale auf einem Gleichstrompotential des Hochspannungsnetzes liegt, so dass das Gefährdungspotential im Fehlerfall bei Berührung eines Gleichstrompotentials des Hochspannungsnetzes erhöht ist. DE 600 28 854 T2 discloses a voltage doubling section in which a first capacitor is initially charged during a half-cycle of an external AC voltage, during which the voltage of this first capacitor is shifted to a second capacitor during the second, negative half-cycle so that DC pulses spaced from one another are summarized which have a negative impact on the high-voltage battery or other components of the overall system. tems, in particular the charging device, can have. The transferable power is therefore not optimal. Another problem of this prior art is that one of the AC potentials is at a DC potential of the high voltage network, so that the potential hazard is increased in the event of a fault when touching a DC potential of the high voltage network.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ladeeinrichtung anzugeben, bei der eine gleichmäßigere Ladespannung und eine höhere nutzbare Leistung vorliegen. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a charging device in which a more uniform charging voltage and a higher usable power are available.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einer Ladeeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Spannungsverdopplerschaltung wenigstens zwei so verschaltete Kondensatoren aufweist, dass jeweils eine Halbwelle der Wechselspannung einen zugeordneten Kondensator auflädt. To achieve this object, the invention provides, in a charging device of the type mentioned at the beginning, that the voltage doubler circuit has at least two capacitors connected in such a way that one half-wave of the alternating voltage charges an associated capacitor.
Erfindungsgemäß wird mithin eine andere Art einer Spannungsverdopplerschaltung vorgeschlagen, bei der letztlich jeder Halbwelle ein aufzuladender Kondensator der Spannungsverdopplerschaltung zugeordnet ist. Hierfür können beispielsweise, wie noch näher dargelegt werden wird, Dioden verwendet werden. Letztlich werden also beide Halbwellen einer Wechselspannung in je einem Kondensator gleichgerichtet, wobei die Schaltung der Kondensatoren derart ist, dass die Gesamtspannung der Anordnung beider Kondensatoren, welche insbesondere in Reihe geschaltet sind, sich im unbelasteten Zustand bis auf das doppelte der Spannungsamplitude der Wechselspannung aufladen kann. According to the invention, therefore, another type of voltage doubler circuit is proposed in which, in the end, each half-wave is assigned a capacitor to be charged in the voltage doubler circuit. For this purpose, for example, as will be explained in more detail, diodes can be used. Ultimately, therefore, both half-waves of an AC voltage are rectified in each case a capacitor, wherein the circuit of the capacitors is such that the total voltage of the arrangement of both capacitors, which are in particular connected in series, can charge in the unloaded state up to twice the voltage amplitude of the AC voltage ,
Wird eine derartige, von der Wechselspannungsquelle gespeiste Anordnung zum Laden an die Hochspannungsbatterie angeschlossen, deren Batteriespannung dabei selbstverständlich kleiner als das Doppelte der Spannungsamplitude der Wechselspannung sein sollte, laden die Halbwellen der Wechselspannung im Wechsel jeweils einen der Kondensatoren auf und speisen damit über die serielle Anordnung bei gleichzeitiger Entladung des jeweils anderen Kondensators einen gepulsten, durch die Ladespannung beschriebenen Gleichstrom in die Hochspannungsbatterie ein, sobald nach Einschalten in den Kondensatoren wenigstens die Batteriespannung erreicht ist. If such, supplied by the AC voltage source arrangement for charging to the high-voltage battery connected, the battery voltage should be naturally less than twice the voltage amplitude of the AC voltage to load the half-waves of the alternating voltage alternately in each case one of the capacitors and feed it via the serial arrangement with simultaneous discharge of each another capacitor a pulsed, described by the charging voltage DC current in the high-voltage battery, as soon as after switching on in the capacitors at least the battery voltage is reached.
Auf diese Weise fließt ein Ladestrom in die Hochspannungsbatterie bei jeder Halbwelle, so dass insgesamt eine höhere Leistung übertragbar ist. Zudem wird eine gleichmäßigere, gepulste Gleichspannung als Ladespannung erzeugt, deren negative Auswirkungen auf die Batterie und/oder die übrige Elektronik geringer sind. Durch die Verwendung einer Spannungsverdopplerschaltung ergibt sich insgesamt eine günstige Lösung mit wenig Aufwand und Gewicht, die insbesondere auch unmittelbar in eine Hochspannungsbatterie integriert werden kann, zumindest aber im Kraftfahrzeug angeordnet werden kann. In this way, a charging current flows into the high-voltage battery at each half-wave, so that a total of a higher power is transferable. In addition, a more uniform, pulsed DC voltage is generated as a charging voltage whose negative effects on the battery and / or the remaining electronics are lower. By using a Spannungsverdopplerschaltung results in a total of a cheap solution with little effort and weight, which can be integrated in particular directly into a high voltage battery, but at least in the vehicle can be arranged.
In besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Anschlussleitung, insbesondere eine Anschlussleitung pro Phase, des Wechselspannungsanschlusses derart auf Masse liegt, dass keine der Ladeleitungen der Hochspannungsbatterie mit Masse verbunden ist. Ein auf Masse liegender Punkt beziehungsweise die auf Masse liegende Leitung kann mithin geschickt so gewählt werden, dass keine unmittelbare Verbindung von Ladeleitungen der Hochspannungsbatterie und mithin dem Hochspannungsnetz des Kraftfahrzeugs zu Masse besteht. Auf diese Weise liegt nicht eines der Wechselspannungspotentiale direkt auf einem Gleichstrompotential des Hochspannungsnetzes, so dass das Gefährdungspotential im Fehlerfall bei Berührung eines Gleichstrompotentials des Hochspannungsnetzes beim Ladevorgang geringer ist. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention can be provided that a connecting line, in particular a connecting line per phase, the AC voltage terminal is grounded so that none of the charging lines of the high voltage battery is connected to ground. A lying on ground point or lying on ground line can therefore be sent selected so that there is no direct connection of charging lines of the high voltage battery and thus the high voltage network of the motor vehicle to ground. In this way, not one of the AC potentials is directly on a DC potential of the high-voltage network, so that the potential hazard in case of failure in contact with a DC potential of the high-voltage network during charging is lower.
In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass, insbesondere für jede Phase der Wechselspannung, eine zentrale, auf Masse liegende erste Anschlussleitung des Wechselspannungsanschlusses über jeweils einen Kondensator mit den Ladeleitungen der Hochspannungsbatterie verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Anschlussleitung des Wechselspannungsanschlusses über jeweils eine von zwei Dioden, deren Durchlassrichtungen entgegengesetzt sind, mit jeweils einer Ladelei- tung verbunden ist. Es existiert mithin ein mittiger Anschlusspunkt in der Spannungsverdopplerschaltung zwischen den Kondensatoren, an den die auf Masse liegende Anschlussleitung des Wechselspannungsanschlusses angekoppelt ist. Die andere Anschlussleitung ist über in entgegengesetzter Richtung verschaltete Dioden der Spannungsverdopplerschaltung mit den Ladeleitungen der Hochspannungsbatterie (und somit auch den Kondensatoren auf der anderen Anschlussseite) gekoppelt. Je nachdem, ob eine positive oder negative Halbwelle vorliegt, wird mithin der eine oder der andere der beiden Kondensatoren geladen, was sich aus der jeweiligen Verschaltung der Dioden der Spannungsverdopplerschaltung ergibt. Dadurch, dass die erste Anschlussleitung auf Masse liegt, ist die zuvor beschriebene Ausgestaltung hier zwangsläufig realisiert, so dass eine direkte Verbindung der Leitungen des Hochspannungsnetzes mit Masse vermieden wird. In a specific embodiment of the present invention can be provided that, in particular for each phase of the AC voltage, a central, lying on ground first connecting line of the AC voltage terminal is connected via a respective capacitor to the charging lines of the high voltage battery, wherein the second connecting line of the AC voltage terminal via each one of two diodes whose directions of passage are opposite, each with a charge connected. There is therefore a central connection point in the voltage doubler circuit between the capacitors, to which the grounded connection line of the AC voltage connection is coupled. The other connecting lead is coupled via diodes of the voltage doubler circuit connected in the opposite direction to the charging leads of the high-voltage battery (and thus also to the capacitors on the other terminal side). Depending on whether a positive or negative half wave is present, therefore, one or the other of the two capacitors is charged, which results from the respective connection of the diodes of the voltage doubler circuit. Due to the fact that the first connection line is grounded, the previously described embodiment is inevitably implemented here, so that a direct connection of the lines of the high-voltage network to ground is avoided.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Ladeeinrichtung wenigstens eine Induktivität, insbesondere zwei Induktivitäten, zur Glättung des Ladestromverlaufs und/oder als Strombegrenzungselement aufweist. Bezüglich des zuvor diskutierten konkreten Ausführungsbeispiels kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass eine erste Induktivität in einer die erste Anschlussleitung mit den Kondensatoren verbindenden Leitung vorgesehen ist und/oder eine zweite Induktivität in einer mit einer Ladeleitung der Hochspannungsbatterie verbundenen Ausgangsleitung der Wandlungseinrichtung angeordnet sind. Derartige Induktivitäten dienen zwei unterschiedlichen Zwecken. Zum einen können hohe Stromstöße im Zeitpunkt des Einschaltens vermieden werden, nachdem dann ein beliebiger Momentanwert der Wechselspannung auf einen beispielsweise ungeladenen Kondensator geschaltet wird. In diesem Fall wirkt die Induktivität als Strombegrenzer, vorliegend beispielsweise die erste Induktivität. Gleichzeitig dienen die Induktivitäten jedoch auch dazu, den gepulsten Ladespannungsverlauf und den daraus folgenden Ladestromverlauf beim Ladevorgang zu glätten. Die wenigstens eine Induktivität reduziert also vorteilhafter Weise den Strom im Einschaltmoment beziehungsweise beim Angleichen der Kondensatoren an die Batteriespannung beim Zuschalten und sorgt zudem für eine Glättung des Stromflusses. Es ist ferner zweckmäßig, wenn die Wechselspannungsquelle eine dreiphasige Wechselspannungsquelle und/oder ein Wechselspannungsnetz ist. Die Verwendung einer mehrphasigen Wechselspannung zum Laden, insbesondere einer dreiphasigen Wechsefspannung, ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung besonders vorteilhaft, da der über alle drei Phasen gleichgerichtete Gesamtstrom zum Laden der Hochspannungsbatterie grundsätzlich schon relativ wenig Restwelligkeit aufweist, das bedeutet, die Überlagerung der mehreren Phasen, die über entsprechendeIn a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention can be provided that the charging device has at least one inductor, in particular two inductors, for smoothing the charging current profile and / or as a current limiting element. With regard to the concrete exemplary embodiment discussed above, provision can be made, for example, for a first inductance to be provided in a line connecting the first connecting line to the capacitors and / or a second inductance to be arranged in an output line of the converting device connected to a charging line of the high-voltage battery. Such inductors serve two different purposes. On the one hand, high current surges at the time of switching on can be avoided, after which any instantaneous value of the alternating voltage is then switched to an, for example, uncharged capacitor. In this case, the inductance acts as a current limiter, in this case, for example, the first inductance. At the same time, however, the inductances also serve to smooth the pulsed charging voltage characteristic and the charging current characteristic resulting therefrom during the charging process. The at least one inductance thus advantageously reduces the current in the switch-on or when matching the capacitors to the battery voltage when switching on and also ensures a smoothing of the current flow. It is also expedient if the AC voltage source is a three-phase AC voltage source and / or an AC voltage network. The use of a multi-phase AC voltage for charging, in particular a three-phase Wechsefspannung, is particularly advantageous in the context of the present invention, since the rectified across all three phases total current for charging the high-voltage battery basically has relatively little residual ripple, that is, the superposition of the multiple phases, the over appropriate
Spannungsverdopplerschaltungen gleichgerichtet werden, gleichen bereits die dabei entstehende Welligkeit aus. Mithin ist eine entsprechend erweiterte Version der Ladeeinrichtung vorteilhaft denkbar. Gleichverdichtetden voltage doubler circuits already compensate for the resulting ripple. Consequently, a correspondingly expanded version of the charging device is advantageously conceivable.
Das Wechselspannungsnetz kann mit besonderem Vorteil ein öffentliches Wechselspannungsnetz sein, das bedeutet, ein Benutzer kann seine insbesondere in einem Elektrokraftfahrzeug verbaute Hochspannungsbatterie über einen einfachen Anschluss an einer Steckdose laden. The alternating voltage network can be a public alternating voltage network with particular advantage, which means that a user can load his built-in particular in an electric motor vehicle high voltage battery via a simple connection to a power outlet.
Dabei sei an dieser Stelle noch angemerkt, dass üblicherweise zur Steuerung des Ladebetriebs ein Steuergerät vorgesehen ist. Dies kann selbstverständlich auch im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung realisiert werden, worin das Steuergerät zum Laden beispielsweise zum Schließen von an der Hochspannungsbatterie beziehungsweise am Ausgang der Spannungsverdopplerschaltung vorgesehener Schütze ausgebildet ist. Denkbar ist es zudem auch, ein Schaltmittel zur Wechselspannungsquelle vorzusehen, um hier eine weitere Schaltmöglichkeit zu realisieren. It should be noted at this point that usually a controller is provided to control the charging operation. This can of course also be realized in the context of the present invention, wherein the control device is designed for charging, for example, for closing provided on the high-voltage battery or at the output of the voltage doubler circuit contactors. It is also conceivable, moreover, to provide a switching means for the AC voltage source in order to realize a further switching possibility here.
Neben der Ladeeinrichtung betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung auch ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend eine Hochspannungsbatterie und eine erfindungsgemäße Ladeeinrichtung. Sämtliche Ausführungen bezüglich der erfindungsgemäßen Ladeeinrichtung lassen sich analog auf das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug übertragen, mit welchen mithin auch die genannten Vorteile erhalten werden können. Insbesondere kann das Kraftfahrzeug auch ein einen Teil der Ladeeinrichtung bildendes oder getrennt vorgesehenes Steuer- gerät umfassen, welches den Ladevorgang, insbesondere durch Ansteue- rung entsprechender Schaltmittel, beispielsweise von Schützen, steuert. Insbesondere lässt sich die Ladeeinrichtung, insbesondere jedoch wenigstens die Spannungsverdopplerschaltung, auch in die Hochspannungsbatterie selber integrieren. In addition to the charging device, the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle, comprising a high-voltage battery and a charging device according to the invention. All statements relating to the charging device according to the invention can be analogously transferred to the motor vehicle according to the invention, with which therefore also the advantages mentioned can be obtained. In particular, the motor vehicle can also be a control part which forms part of the charging device or is provided separately. include device, which controls the charging process, in particular by controlling appropriate switching means, such as shooters. In particular, the charging device, but in particular at least the voltage doubler circuit, can also be integrated into the high-voltage battery itself.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigen: Further advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the embodiments described below and with reference to the drawing. Showing:
Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Kraftfahrzeug, 1 is a motor vehicle according to the invention,
Fig. 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Ladeeinrichtung, und Fig. 2 shows a charging device according to the invention, and
Fig. 3 den Lade-Stromverlauf in der Hochspannungsbatterie. Fig. 3 shows the charging current waveform in the high voltage battery.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs 1 , welches hier als ein Elektro-Kraftfahrzeug 1 ausgebildet ist. Entsprechend umfasst das Kraftfahrzeug 1 einen Elektromotor 2, der über ein nur angedeutetes Hochspannungsnetz 3 an eine Hochspannungsbatterie 4 angeschlossen ist. Gegebenenfalls kann zusätzlich ein Niederspannungsnetz, gespeist von einer Niederspannungsbatterie, deren Spannung niedriger als die der Hochspannungsbatterie ist, vorgesehen sein, was jedoch aus Übersichtsgründen nicht näher dargestellt ist. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 1 according to the invention, which is designed here as an electric motor vehicle 1. Correspondingly, the motor vehicle 1 comprises an electric motor 2 which is connected to a high-voltage battery 4 via an only indicated high-voltage network 3. Optionally, in addition, a low-voltage network, powered by a low-voltage battery, the voltage is lower than that of the high-voltage battery may be provided, which is not shown in detail for reasons of clarity.
Um die Hochspannungsbatterie 4 zu laden, ist eine schematisch bei 5 angedeutete Ladeeinrichtung vorgesehen, welche vorliegend auch in die Hochspannungsbatterie 4 integriert sein kann. Die Ladeeinrichtung umfasst eine Wandlereinrichtung 6, die über einen Wechselspannungsanschluss 7 von einer externen Wechselspannungsquelle 8 zugeführte Wechselspannung in eine Ladespannung und mithin einen Ladestrom für die Hochspannungsbatterie 4 umsetzt. Das Kraftfahrzeug 1 umfasst ferner ein Batteriesteuergerät 9, welches die Batterie 4 im allgemeinen und auch den Ladevorgang im speziellen steuert. Die genauere Struktur der Ladeeinrichtung 5 ist in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Die Wechselspannungsquelle 8 ist über den Wechselspannungsanschluss 7 und entsprechende Anschlussleitungen 10 mit der Wandlereinrichtung 6 als Teil der Ladeeinrichtung 5 verbunden. Die Wandlereinrichtung 6 umfasst eine Spannungsverdopplerschaltung 11 , über die eine geeignete Gleichrichtung der Wechselspannung erfolgen soll. Hierzu ist eine zentrale Anschlussleitung 10 über eine erste Induktivität L1 an einen zwischen zwei Kondensatoren C1 und C2 liegenden Anschlusspunkt 12 gekoppelt. Wie gezeigt, liegt diese erste Anschlussleitung auf Masse 17. Die zweite, in Fig. 2 untere Anschlussleitung 10 ist ebenso an die Kondensatoren C1 und C2 gekoppelt, und zwar über in einen der entgegengesetzter Durchlassrichtung geschaltete Dioden D1 und D2. Auf diese Weise wird während der positiven Halbwelle über die Diode D2 der Kondensator C1 geladen, während der negativen Halbwelle über die Diode D1 der Kondensator C2. Äußere Anschlusspunkte 13 der Reihenschaltung der Kondensatoren C1 und C2 sind an das Hochspannungsnetz und mithin Ladeleitungen 14 der Hochspannungsbatterie 4 verbunden, üblicherweise über ein hier Schütze 15 umfassendes Schaltmittel 16, welches von dem Steuergerät 9 angesteuert werden kann. Zwischen dem Kondensator C1 und der Ladeleitung 14 ist vorliegend eine zweite Induktivität L2 vorgesehen. In order to charge the high-voltage battery 4, a schematically indicated at 5 charging device is provided, which in the present case can also be integrated into the high-voltage battery 4. The charging device comprises a converter device 6, which converts via an AC voltage connection 7 from an external AC voltage source 8 supplied AC voltage into a charging voltage and thus a charging current for the high-voltage battery 4. The motor vehicle 1 further comprises a battery control device 9, which controls the battery 4 in general and also the charging process in particular. The more detailed structure of the charging device 5 is shown in FIG. The AC voltage source 8 is connected via the AC voltage terminal 7 and corresponding connection lines 10 to the converter device 6 as part of the charging device 5. The converter device 6 comprises a voltage doubler circuit 11, via which a suitable rectification of the AC voltage is to take place. For this purpose, a central connection line 10 is coupled via a first inductance L1 to a connection point 12 lying between two capacitors C1 and C2. As shown, this first connecting line is grounded 17. The second lower connecting line 10 in FIG. 2 is also coupled to the capacitors C1 and C2 via diodes D1 and D2 connected in an opposite forward direction. In this way, the capacitor C1 is charged during the positive half cycle through the diode D2, during the negative half cycle via the diode D1, the capacitor C2. External connection points 13 of the series connection of the capacitors C1 and C2 are connected to the high-voltage network and thus charge lines 14 of the high-voltage battery 4, usually via a contactor 15 here comprehensive switching means 16, which can be controlled by the control unit 9. Between the capacitor C1 and the charging line 14, a second inductance L2 is presently provided.
Wird die Wechselspannungsquelle 8 angeschlossen, wobei hier selbstverständlich auch ein weiteres Schaltmittel, beispielsweise in der zweiten Anschlussleitung 10, vorgesehen sein kann, wirkt zunächst die Induktivität L1 als ein Strombegrenzer, so dass die noch nicht geladenen Kondensatoren C1 und C2 geschont werden. If the AC voltage source 8 is connected, wherein, of course, a further switching means, for example in the second connecting line 10, may be provided, initially the inductance L1 acts as a current limiter, so that the not yet charged capacitors C1 and C2 are spared.
Der Spannungsverlauf der durch die Spannungsverdopplerschaltung 11 erzeugten Ladespannung ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt. Ersichtlich werden zunächst abwechselnd die Kondensatoren C1 und C2 durch die jeweiligen Halbwellen geladen. So baut sich eine Gleichspannung auf. Überschreitet diese Gleichspannung nun die Batteriespannung der Hochspannungsbatterie 4, setzt der Ladevorgang ein: Immer dann, wenn einer der Kondensatoren C1 und C2 durch die entsprechenden Halbwellen aufgeladen wird, entsteht dadurch und durch Entladung des jeweils anderen Kondensators C2, C1 ein Ladestrom, der die Hochspannungsbatterie 4 lädt. Der Ladestrom ist dabei ein periodisch leicht schwankender Gleichstrom, wie Fig. 3 zu entnehmen, der durch die Induktivitäten L1 und L2 jedoch geglättet wird. The voltage curve of the charging voltage generated by the voltage doubler circuit 11 is shown in FIG. As can be seen, the capacitors C1 and C2 are alternately charged by the respective half-waves. This is how a DC voltage builds up. If this DC voltage now exceeds the battery voltage of the high-voltage battery 4, the Charging process: Whenever one of the capacitors C1 and C2 is charged by the respective half-waves, this results in a charge current charging the high-voltage battery 4 and discharging the respective other capacitor C2, C1. The charging current is a periodically slightly fluctuating direct current, as shown in FIG. 3, which is, however, smoothed by the inductors L1 and L2.
Abschließend sei noch angemerkt, dass die Erfindung der Übersichtlichkeit halber für einen einphasigen Wechselstrom dargestellt wurde. Die Prinzipien lassen sich sehr vorteilhaft auf einen dreiphasigen Wechselstrom übertragen, wobei dann durch die Überlagerung der verschiedenen gleichgerichteten Phasen eine weitere Glättung des Verlaufs der Ladespannung und mithin des Ladestroms auftritt. Finally, it should be noted that the invention has been shown for the sake of clarity for a single-phase alternating current. The principles can be very advantageously transferred to a three-phase alternating current, in which case by the superposition of the different rectified phases, a further smoothing of the course of the charging voltage and thus the charging current occurs.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1. Ladeeinrichtung (5) für eine Hochspannungsbatterie (4) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (1), umfassend wenigstens einen Wechselspannungsan- schluss (7) an eine zum Laden zu verwendende Wechselspannungsquelle (8) und eine die Wechselspannung in eine Ladespannung umwandelnde Wandlungseinrichtung (6), wobei die Wandlungseinrichtung (6) eine Spannungsverdopplerschaltung (11) umfasst, 1. charging device (5) for a high-voltage battery (4) of a motor vehicle (1) comprising at least one AC voltage connection (7) to an AC voltage source to be used for charging (8) and a conversion voltage converting the AC voltage into a charging device (6), wherein the conversion device (6) comprises a voltage doubler circuit (11),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Spannungsverdopplerschaltung (11) wenigstens zwei so verschaltete Kondensatoren (C1 , C2) aufweist, dass jeweils eine Halbwelle der Wechselspannung einen zugeordneten Kondensator (C1 , C2) auflädt.  in that the voltage doubler circuit (11) has at least two capacitors (C1, C2) connected in such a way that one half-wave of the alternating voltage charges an associated capacitor (C1, C2).
2. Ladeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Anschlussleitung (10), insbesondere eine Anschlussleitung (10) pro Phase, des Wechselspannungsanschlusses (7) derart auf Masse (13) liegt, dass keine der Ladeleitungen (14) der Hochspannungsbatterie (4) mit Masse (13) direkt verbunden ist. 2. Charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that a connecting line (10), in particular a connecting line (10) per phase, of the AC voltage terminal (7) is grounded (13) such that none of the charging lines (14) of the high-voltage battery (4 ) is directly connected to ground (13).
3. Ladeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, insbesondere für jede Phase der Wechselspannung, eine zentrale, auf Masse (13) liegende erste Anschlussleitung (10) des Wechselspannungsanschlusses (7) über jeweils einen Kondensator (C1 , C2) mit den Ladeleitungen (14) der Hochspannungsbatterie (4) verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Anschlussleitung (10) des Wechselspannungsanschlusses (7) über jeweils eine von zwei Dioden (D1 , D2), deren Durchlassrichtung entgegengesetzt ist, mit jeweils einer Ladeleitung (14) verbunden ist. 3. Charging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in particular for each phase of the AC voltage, a central, ground (13) lying first connecting line (10) of the AC voltage terminal (7) via a respective capacitor (C1, C2) the charging lines (14) of the high-voltage battery (4) is connected, wherein the second connecting line (10) of the AC voltage terminal (7) via one of two diodes (D1, D2), whose forward direction is opposite, each connected to a charging line (14) is.
4. Ladeeinrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie wenigstens eine Induktivität (L1 , L2), insbe- sondere zwei Induktivitäten (l_1 , L2), zur Glättung des Ladestromverlaufs und/oder als Strombegrenzungselement aufweist. 4. Charging device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one inductor (L1, L2), in particular special two inductors (l_1, L2), for smoothing the charging current curve and / or as a current limiting element.
5. Ladeeinrichtung nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Induktivität (L1) in einer die erste Anschlussleitung ( 0) mit den Kondensatoren (C1 , C2) verbindenden Leitung vorgesehen ist und/oder eine zweite Induktivität (L2) in einer mit einer Ladeleitung (14) der Hochspannungsbatterie (4) verbundenen Ausgangsleitung der Wandlungseinrichtung (5) angeordnet sind. 5. charging device according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that a first inductance (L1) in a first connecting line (0) with the capacitors (C1, C2) connecting line is provided and / or a second inductance (L2) in one with a charging line (14) of the high-voltage battery (4) connected output line of the conversion means (5) are arranged.
6. Ladeeinrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wechselspannungsquelle (8) eine dreiphasige Wechselspannungsquelle (8) und/oder ein Wechselspannungsnetz ist. 6. Charging device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the AC voltage source (8) is a three-phase AC voltage source (8) and / or an AC voltage network.
7. Kraftfahrzeug (1), umfassend eine Hochspannungsbatterie (4) und eine Ladeeinrichtung (5) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche. 7. Motor vehicle (1), comprising a high-voltage battery (4) and a charging device (5) according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2013/001802 2012-07-13 2013-06-18 Charger device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle WO2014008976A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012013890.3 2012-07-13
DE102012013890.3A DE102012013890A1 (en) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Charging device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014008976A2 true WO2014008976A2 (en) 2014-01-16
WO2014008976A3 WO2014008976A3 (en) 2014-05-22

Family

ID=48771386

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/001802 WO2014008976A2 (en) 2012-07-13 2013-06-18 Charger device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102012013890A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014008976A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113195297A (en) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-30 戴姆勒股份公司 Circuit arrangement for a motor vehicle, in particular a hybrid or electric vehicle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022200344A1 (en) 2022-01-14 2023-07-20 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Battery and energy system having such a battery

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60028854T2 (en) 1999-04-09 2006-12-28 Fuji Jukogyo K.K. Battery charger for a hybrid vehicle

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1604066A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-12-02 Chloride Group Ltd Battery charges in variable reluctance electric motor systems
JPH0865904A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-03-08 Nippondenso Co Ltd Charger for electric automobile
DE19652950A1 (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-07-02 Ask Antriebs Steuerungs Und In Method and device for the execution of a battery-supported electric three-phase drive system with battery charging device
DE19721450C1 (en) * 1997-05-22 1998-06-25 Siemens Ag Transformerless supply circuit e.g. for AC vehicle
JP3396655B2 (en) * 2000-02-29 2003-04-14 株式会社シマノ Bicycle power supply
JP5736768B2 (en) * 2010-12-24 2015-06-17 株式会社豊田中央研究所 Battery charger

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60028854T2 (en) 1999-04-09 2006-12-28 Fuji Jukogyo K.K. Battery charger for a hybrid vehicle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113195297A (en) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-30 戴姆勒股份公司 Circuit arrangement for a motor vehicle, in particular a hybrid or electric vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014008976A3 (en) 2014-05-22
DE102012013890A1 (en) 2014-01-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102007028077B4 (en) Device for feeding electrical energy into a power supply network and DC-DC converter for such a device
DE112015001844T5 (en) Charger for electric vehicles
DE102012216691A1 (en) Converter circuit and method for controlling the converter circuit
EP2586646B1 (en) Electrical power supply assembly for drive units, for operating a rail vehicle on electrical supply networks
DE102012014178A1 (en) Device and method for charging at least one traction battery of an electric vehicle
DE102017222265A1 (en) DC converter
DE102017212462A1 (en) Galvanically coupled electrical converter
DE4426017C2 (en) Power supply device, in particular battery charger for electric vehicles or the like
WO2020064429A1 (en) Charging circuit for a vehicle-side electrical energy store
DE102018216236B4 (en) Charging circuit for an electrical energy store on the vehicle
DE102012220371A1 (en) Device for charging high voltage battery of electric vehicle from three-phase alternating current voltage source, has switch switched by control device such that current and voltage of source are in phase with each other
EP3478527A1 (en) Bidirectional vehicle electrical system converter and method for operation thereof
DE102018221519B4 (en) Vehicle-side loading device
DE102020111355A1 (en) Charging device and method for charging an electrical energy store of an electrically operated vehicle by means of a DC voltage converter which has different operating modes
WO2014008976A2 (en) Charger device for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle
DE102012206801A1 (en) Circuit for direct current charging station for charging battery of e.g. electric car, has power converter circuitry that performs voltage switching between direct voltages that rest against respective voltage terminals
DE102018221969A1 (en) Charging circuit and vehicle electrical system with charging circuit
EP3043461B1 (en) Supply circuit for supplying a welding device
DE102014012028A1 (en) Device and a method for charging or discharging an electrical energy storage device with any operating voltages
DE102017130992A1 (en) Charging / discharging unit for connecting a mobile electrical energy storage to a voltage network
DE102014203404A1 (en) Converter circuit and method of operating the same
DE112016004305T5 (en) Power supply apparatus
DE102018000580A1 (en) Electric vehicle electrical system with an inverter and with a DC-DC converter, which has an energy storage element in a minus path
DE102018000577A1 (en) Electrical coupling of a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle with a charging station
DE202017007328U1 (en) Charging / discharging unit for connecting a mobile electrical energy storage device to a voltage network

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13734962

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 13734962

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2