WO2014008740A1 - Pwm与ai复用端口及其控制方法、控制器 - Google Patents

Pwm与ai复用端口及其控制方法、控制器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014008740A1
WO2014008740A1 PCT/CN2012/086005 CN2012086005W WO2014008740A1 WO 2014008740 A1 WO2014008740 A1 WO 2014008740A1 CN 2012086005 W CN2012086005 W CN 2012086005W WO 2014008740 A1 WO2014008740 A1 WO 2014008740A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pwm
unit
signal
sampling unit
operational amplifier
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/086005
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周翔
邓秋连
张陆续
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Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Sany Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Sany Heavy Industry Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd, Sany Heavy Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to DE201211006686 priority Critical patent/DE112012006686T5/de
Publication of WO2014008740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014008740A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/26—Automatic controllers electric in which the output signal is a pulse-train
    • G05B11/28—Automatic controllers electric in which the output signal is a pulse-train using pulse-height modulation; using pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/08—Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of port multiplexing, and in particular to a controller, a PWM and an AI multiplexing port, and a control method thereof. Background technique
  • control products continue to develop towards high-end development and diversification of types.
  • the high-end development of control products specifically includes the port's intelligence level, flexibility, and general-purpose performance improvement, such as the existing high-level and low-level switch inputs, voltage-type and resistive analog inputs, and high-end.
  • Types of ports such as high current and bridge output circuits can be flexibly programmed to configure the control equipment and specific configuration methods.
  • the variety of control products is developed according to the application requirements of different typical applications for system designers to choose. .
  • the above two development directions are mutually complementary in terms of market potential.
  • high-end products are easy to meet the needs of complex, high-end system designers for protection levels, intelligence, etc.
  • the selected products are easier to meet the needs of different applications, and are easy to flexibly match to provide users with the best application solutions.
  • Port multiplexing is an important part of controlling the high-end development of products.
  • AI refers to Analog Signal Input
  • DI refers to the digital signal input port
  • DO refers to the digital signal output port
  • PWM refers to the pulse width modulation port (Pulse Width Modulation).
  • input and output port multiplexing limits the degree of flexibility of the control product itself to a certain extent. Summary of the invention
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide an effective PWM and AI multiplexing port, including: a PWM output driving unit, a sampling unit, a load unit, and a switching unit;
  • the first end of the sampling unit is connected to the output end of the PWM output driving unit, and the second end of the sampling unit is used for connecting with a port load or for receiving an AI signal; the first end of the switching unit and the PWM output
  • the output end of the driving unit is connected, the second end of the switching unit is connected to the first end of the load unit; the second end of the load unit is grounded; when the switch unit is disconnected, the sampling unit is used Collecting a PWM current value output by the PWM output driving unit; when the switching unit is turned on, the PWM output driving unit is turned off, and the sampling unit is configured to collect the AI signal.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexing port further includes: an operational amplifier for amplifying information collected by the sampling unit; a non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first end of the sampling unit, and an inverting input The end is connected to the second end of the sampling unit.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexing port further includes: a filter circuit for filtering an output signal of the operational amplifier; the filter circuit includes: a filter resistor and a filter capacitor; The terminal is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the filter resistor is grounded through the filter capacitor.
  • the operational amplifier is a high common mode voltage current measuring amplifier.
  • load unit and/or the sampling unit are resistors.
  • the switch unit is a program control switch or a manual switch.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a controller provided with any of the above-described PWM and AI multiplexed ports.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a A method for controlling a PWM and AI multiplexed port, the method is based on the PWM and AI multiplexed port, including a PWM signal output step and an AI signal input step, wherein: the PWM signal output step is: The two ends are connected to the external port load, disconnect the switch unit, and thereby disconnect the connection between the load unit and the sampling unit; the input pin of the PWM output drive unit receives the controller a PWM signal, the PWM current flowing from the PWM output driving unit enters the external port load after passing through the collecting unit; meanwhile, the PWM current flows through the sampling unit at both ends of the sampling unit A voltage proportional to the PWM current is generated, and the voltage is used as a control signal of an externally controlled object or converted into a digital signal by analog/digital conversion as a control signal of an externally controlled object.
  • the AI signal input step is: connecting a second end of the sampling unit to the external
  • the PWM and AI multiplexed port further includes: an operational amplifier for amplifying information collected by the sampling unit, and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected a first end of the sampling unit, the inverting input end is connected to the second end of the sampling unit; and the PWM signal output step is further, generating a proportional to the PWM current at both ends of the sampling unit After the voltage is applied, the voltage is introduced into the operational amplifier for voltage amplification.
  • the AI signal input step is further, after the sampling unit receives the AI signal sent by the external AI signal source, and then introduces the AI signal into the operational amplifier for signal amplification.
  • the PWM and AI multiplex port further includes a filter circuit for filtering an output signal of the operational amplifier, and the filter circuit includes: a filter resistor And a filter capacitor; a first end of the filter resistor is connected to an output end of the operational amplifier, and a second end of the filter resistor is connected through the filter capacitor Ground.
  • the PWM signal output step is further configured to filter a voltage signal output from the operational amplifier by the filter circuit after a voltage proportional to the PWM current is amplified by the operational amplifier.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexed port of the invention increases the configurable load loop inside the PWM port, that is, the load unit and the switch unit, and switches the working mode of the multiplexed port through the on/off of the switch unit, and realizes the AI when the switch unit is turned on.
  • the detection of the signal works in the PWM mode when the switch unit is disconnected, which can improve the flexibility of the port and multiplex the PWM port to achieve high-precision acquisition of different range AI signals to meet the diverse application requirements of the field.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a PWM and AI multiplexed port according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a PWM and AI multiplexed port according to the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of implementing an exception port load
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary analog signal source for the second implementation of the PWM and AI multiplexed ports of the present invention.
  • the PWM and AAI multiplexing port embodiment of the present invention includes: a PWM output driving unit 1, a sampling unit 3, a load unit 8, and a switching unit 7; wherein, the first end of the sampling unit 3 and the PWM output driving unit The output of 1 is connected, and the second end of the sampling unit 3 is used for connection with a port load or for receiving an AI signal (wherein the port load is used when the PWM and AI multiplex ports are used as a PWM port, and the AI is received when used as an AI port) Signal); the first end of the switch unit 7
  • the output end of the PWM output driving unit 1 is connected, the second end of the switching unit 7 is connected to the first end of the load unit 8; the second end of the load unit 8 is grounded; when the switching unit 7 is disconnected, the sampling unit 3 is used for acquiring PWM Current value; when the switching unit 7 is turned on, the PWM output driving unit 1 is turned off, and the sampling unit 3 is used to collect the above AI signal.
  • the PWM output driving unit 1 may be a structure as shown by reference numeral 11 in FIG. 2, and the sampling unit 3 may be an electrical unit capable of collecting current and voltage, such as a resistor 31 or an impedance unit, in the same manner.
  • the load unit 8 is the resistor 71 shown in FIG. 2;
  • the switch unit 7 can be the manual switch 81 shown in FIG. 2, of course, it can also be a program-controlled switch (not shown); When the program-controlled switch is used, the switch unit 7 receives the control command to realize the transition between the open state and the closed state.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexing ports further include: an operation for amplifying the information collected by the sampling unit 3 (such as the resistor 31) Amplifier 4.
  • the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 4 can be connected to the first end of the sampling unit 3 (such as the resistor 31), and the inverting input can be connected to the second end of the sampling unit 3 (such as the resistor 31).
  • operational amplifier 4 is a high common mode voltage and current measuring amplifier, such as the INA193 dedicated high common mode voltage and current measuring amplifier, which can support common mode up to 40V and achieve reliable sampling at 24V common mode voltage.
  • a high common mode voltage and current measuring amplifier such as the INA193 dedicated high common mode voltage and current measuring amplifier, which can support common mode up to 40V and achieve reliable sampling at 24V common mode voltage.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexing ports further include: a filtering circuit for filtering the output signal of the operational amplifier 4.
  • the filter circuit includes a filter resistor 5 and a filter capacitor 6; the first end of the filter resistor 5 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier 4, the second end of the filter resistor 5 is grounded through the filter capacitor 6; the second end of the filter resistor 5 As the output of the filter circuit.
  • the working principle of the above PWM and AI multiplexed port is as follows: When the second end of the sampling unit 3 is used for connection with the port load, the PWM and AI multiplexed ports can be used as PWM ports, switches The unit 7 is disconnected (can be realized by manual or program control), the load unit 8 is disconnected from the sampling unit 3, and the PWM and AI multiplexed ports operate according to the PWM mode, that is, the input pin of the PWM output driving unit 1 receives the PWM signal.
  • the PWM current flowing from the PWM output driving unit 1 enters the port load outside the PWM and AI multiplexed ports through the sampling unit 3 (which can be a resistor) inside the PWM and AI multiplexed ports; the PWM current flows through the sampling unit 3 A voltage proportional to the PWM current is generated at both ends of the sampling unit 3, and the voltage is introduced into the operational amplifier 4, and after being amplified by the operational amplifier 4, the operational amplifier is sequentially passed through a filter circuit composed of the filter resistor 5 and the filter capacitor 6.
  • the output voltage signal of 4 is organized into a stable voltage signal which is substantially proportional to the PWM current, and can be directly used as a control signal or converted into a digital signal by analog/digital conversion to participate in computer control.
  • the switch unit 7 is turned on (can be realized by manual or program control), and the load unit 8 is connected to the sampling unit 3 At the same time, the PWM output is zero to turn off the PWM output driving unit 1.
  • the sampling unit 3 is used to collect the voltage signal corresponding to the current value of the AI signal flowing through the sampling unit 3. At this time, the sampling unit can be realized by suitable parameter matching.
  • the current value on the 3 is adjusted to the linear amplification area of the operational amplifier 4, and is amplified by the operational amplifier 4 to a signal that is easily recognized to be proportional to the AI signal, thereby realizing AI port multiplexing; in specific operation, the AI signal can be a voltage signal. Or current signal, when the AI signal is a voltage signal, the process of adjusting the size of each component to adapt to the operational amplifier 4 is explained as follows:
  • the resistance of the load unit 8 is R f
  • the resistance of the sampling unit 3 is such that the terminal voltage of the sampling unit 3 has the following relationship with the external voltage signal V:
  • the value of the above v is within the linear range of the operational amplifier 4; it can be understood that the sampling unit is ensured by selecting the load unit 8 having different parameters. 3 linear amplification of the voltage across the op amp 4 In the area, different ranges of AI signals can be collected, such as 0 ⁇ 5V, 0 ⁇ 10V, etc.
  • Is is the current value of the AI current signal
  • Vs is the port voltage of the sampling unit 3
  • Rs is the sampling resistance value of the sampling unit 3.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 further illustrate the PWM and AI multiplexing ports of the present application in further detail.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the PWM and AI multiplexed port of the present invention.
  • the external port of terminal 9 of the PWM and AI multiplexed port of this embodiment is loaded with 2.
  • the second end of the resistor 31 as the sampling unit is connected to the port load 2, and the PWM and AI multiplexed ports are used as the PWM port.
  • the switch 81 as the switching unit is turned off (can be realized by manual or program control), and the resistor 71 as the load unit is disconnected from the resistor 31.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexed ports operate in the PWM mode, that is, the PWM output driving unit 1
  • the input pin receives the PWM signal, and the PWM current flowing from the PWM output driving unit 1 passes through the resistor 31 inside the PWM and AI multiplexed port and enters the port load 2 outside the PWM and AI multiplexed port; the PWM current flows through the resistor 31.
  • a voltage proportional to the PWM current is generated at both ends of the resistor 31.
  • the voltage is introduced into the operational amplifier 4, and after being amplified by the operational amplifier 4, the operational amplifier 4 is driven by a filter circuit composed of the filter resistor 5 and the filter capacitor 6 in sequence.
  • the output voltage signal is organized into a stable voltage signal that is substantially proportional to the PWM current, and can be directly used as a control signal or converted into a digital signal by analog/digital conversion to participate in computer control.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexed ports used as PWM ports are used as output ports.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary analog signal source for the second implementation of the PWM and AI multiplexed ports of the present invention.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexed port terminals 9 of the present embodiment are externally connected to an analog signal source.
  • the switch 81 as the switching unit is turned on (can be realized by manual or program control) as the load unit.
  • the resistor 71 is connected to the resistor 31, and the PWM output is zero to turn off the PWM output driving unit 1.
  • the resistor 31 collects the voltage signal corresponding to the current value of the AI signal flowing through the resistor 31, and the matching can be realized by appropriate parameter matching.
  • the current value on the resistor 31 is adjusted to the linear amplification region of the operational amplifier 4, and amplified by the operational amplifier 4 to a signal that is easily recognized to be proportional to the AI signal, thereby realizing AI port multiplexing; in specific operation, the AI signal may be a voltage Signal or current signal, when the AI signal is a voltage signal, the process of adjusting the size of each component to adapt to the operational amplifier 4 is explained as follows: ⁇ set the AI voltage signal to V, the resistance of the resistor 71, and the resistance of the resistor 31.
  • the terminal voltage of the resistor 31 has the following relationship with the external voltage signal V:
  • the above value is within the linear range of the operational amplifier 4. It can be understood that by selecting the resistor 71 having different parameters, the voltage across the resistor 31 is ensured. In the linear amplification region of the operational amplifier 4, different ranges of AI signals can be acquired, such as 0 ⁇ 5V, 0 ⁇ 10V, and the like.
  • Is is the current value of the AI current signal
  • Vs is the port voltage of the resistor 31
  • Rs is the sampling resistance value of the resistor 31.
  • Embodiments of the present invention increase the configurable load loop, that is, the load unit and the switch unit, within the PWM port, and switch the operation mode of the multiplexed port through the on/off of the switch unit: realize the size of the external analog signal when the switch unit is turned on Detection, when the switch unit is disconnected In PWM mode.
  • the flexibility of the port can be improved, and the multiplexed PWM port can realize high-precision acquisition of AI signals in different ranges, and meet the needs of diverse applications on site.
  • the application also provides a controller provided with any of the above PWM and AI multiplex ports. Since the PWM and AI multiplexed ports have the above technical effects, the controller provided with the PWM and AI multiplexed ports also has the above technical effects.
  • the present application also provides a PWM and AI multiplexed port control method based on the PWM and AI multiplexed ports, including a PWM signal output step and an AI signal input step.
  • the PWM and AI multiplexed port includes a PWM output driving unit 1, a sampling unit 3, a load unit 8 and a switching unit 7; the first end of the sampling unit 3 is connected to the output end of the PWM output driving unit 1, and the sampling unit 3 is The second end is connected to the port load or used to receive the AI signal; the first end of the switch unit 7 is connected to the output end of the PWM output drive unit 1, and the second end of the switch unit 7 is connected to the first end of the load unit 8; The second end of the unit 8 is grounded when the switch unit 7 is turned off, the sampling unit 3 is used to collect the PWM current value output by the PWM output drive unit 1; when the switch unit 7 is turned on, the PWM output drive unit 1 is turned off, the sampling unit 3 Used to acquire AI signals.
  • the PWM signal output step is to connect the second end of the sampling unit 3 with the external port load, open the switch unit 7, and thereby disconnect the connection between the load unit 8 and the sampling unit 3; the input tube of the PWM output driving unit 1
  • the foot receives the PWM signal generated by the controller, and the PWM current flowing from the PWM output driving unit 1 passes through the collecting unit 3 and enters the external port load; meanwhile, the PWM current generates and is generated at both ends of the sampling unit 3 when flowing through the sampling unit 3.
  • the PWM current is proportional to the voltage, and the voltage is used as a control signal of the external controlled object or converted into a digital signal by analog/digital conversion as a control signal of the external controlled object.
  • the AI signal input step is: connecting the second end of the sampling unit 3 to the external AI signal source, turning on the switch unit 7, and further connecting the load unit 8 and the sampling unit 3; turning off the PWM output driving unit 1; sampling unit 3 Receive analog signals sent by an external AI source. Further, it is also possible to improve the PWM and ⁇ multiplexed ports. That is, the multiplexing port further includes: an operational amplifier 4 for amplifying the information collected by the sampling unit 3, the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 4 is connected to the first end of the sampling unit 3, and the inverting input is connected to the second of the sampling unit 3. end.
  • the PWM signal output step is further, after generating a voltage proportional to the PWM current at both ends of the sampling unit 3, the voltage is introduced into the operational amplifier 4 for voltage amplification;
  • the ⁇ signal input step is further, receiving at the sampling unit 3 After the ⁇ signal sent by the external ⁇ signal source is externally connected, the ⁇ signal is introduced into the operational amplifier 4 for signal amplification.
  • the PWM and ⁇ multiplex port further includes a filter circuit for filtering the output signal of the operational amplifier 4, the filter circuit includes: a filter resistor 5 and a filter capacitor 6; The first end of the resistor 5 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 4, and the second end of the smoothing resistor 5 is grounded through the filter capacitor 6.
  • the PWM signal output step is further such that after the voltage proportional to the PWM current is amplified by the operational amplifier 4, the voltage signal output from the operational amplifier 4 is filtered by the filter circuit.
  • a configurable load circuit that is, a load unit and a switch unit, is added inside the PWM port, and the operation mode of the multiplexed port is switched by controlling the on/off of the switch unit: the switch unit is turned on The detection of the size of the external analog signal is realized, and the PWM mode is operated when the switching unit is turned off.
  • the port flexibility is improved, and the multiplexed PWM port can achieve high-precision acquisition of different ranges of ⁇ signals to meet the needs of diverse applications in the field.
  • the PWM and ⁇ multiplex port provided by the invention and the control method and controller thereof can improve the flexibility of the port and multiplex the PWM port to achieve high-precision acquisition of different ranges of ⁇ signals, which meets the needs of diverse applications in the field. Therefore, the present invention has industrial applicability.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

PWM与 AI复用端口及其控制方法、 控制器 本申请要求于 2012 年 7 月 12 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210240547.X 、发明名称为" PWM与 AI复用端口及控制器"的中国专利 申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请。 技术领域
本发明涉及端口复用领域， 具体涉及一种控制器、 PWM与 AI复用端 口及其控制方法。 背景技术
目前， 控制产品不断向高端化发展及种类多样化发展。 其中， 控制产 品的高端化发展具体包括端口的智能化程度、 灵活性、 通用性能的提升等， 如现有的高电平与低电平开关量输入、 电压型与电阻型模拟量输入， 高端 大电流和桥输出电路等类型端口可灵活编程配置的控制设备及具体的配置 办法； 控制产品的种类多样化发展则是根据不同典型的应用场合的应用需 求开发多种类型供系统设计者进行选择。 上述两种发展方向在市场潜力方 面是互为补充的关系， 一方面， 高端化的产品容易满足复杂、 高端的系统 设计者对于防护等级、 智能化等方面的需求， 另一方面多种可供选择的产 品更加容易切合不同应用需求， 且便于灵活搭配， 为用户提供最佳的应用 解决方案。
端口复用是控制产品高端化发展的重要组成部分， 目前常见的一般有 不同输入类型或不同输出类型端口的互相复用， 如 AI/DI复用， DO/PWM 复用等其中， AI是指模拟信号输入端口 （ Analog Signal Input ), DI是指数 字信号输入端口（ Digital Signal Input ), DO是指数字信号输出端口（ Digital Signal Output ), PWM是指脉沖宽度调制端口 （ Pulse Width Modulation ), 但很少有输入输出端口复用相关的技术， 因此在一定的程度上限制了控制 产品本身灵活性的程度。 发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷和不足， 本发明的第一目的在于提供一 种有效的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 包括： PWM输出驱动单元、 采样单元、 负载单元、开关单元； 所述采样单元的第一端与所述 PWM输出驱动单元的 输出端连接， 所述采样单元的第二端用于与端口负载连接或用于接收 AI信 号； 所述开关单元的第一端与所述 PWM输出驱动单元的输出端连接，所述 开关单元的第二端连接所述负载单元的第一端； 所述负载单元的第二端接 地；在所述开关单元断开时，所述采样单元用于采集所述 PWM输出驱动单 元输出的 PWM电流值； 在所述开关单元导通时， 所述 PWM输出驱动单元 关闭， 所述采样单元用于采集所述 AI信号。
进一步地， 所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口还包括： 用于放大所述采样单 元采集的信息的运算放大器； 所述运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述采样 单元的第一端， 反相输入端连接所述采样单元的第二端。
进一步地， 所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口还包括： 用于对所述运算放大 器的输出信号进行滤波的滤波电路； 所述滤波电路包括： 滤波电阻及滤波 电容； 所述滤波电阻的第一端连接所述运算放大器的输出端， 所述滤波电 阻的第二端通过所述滤波电容接地。
进一步地， 所述运算放大器为高共模电压电流测量放大器。
进一步地， 所述负载单元和 /或所述采样单元为电阻。
进一步地， 所述开关单元为程控开关或手动开关。
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷和不足， 本发明的第二目的在于提供一 种控制器， 设置有上述任一种 PWM与 AI复用端口。
为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷和不足， 本发明的第三目的在于提供一 种 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法，该方法基于上述 PWM与 AI复用端口， 包括 PWM信号输出步骤和 AI信号输入步骤， 其中： 所述 PWM信号输出 步骤为， 将所述采样单元的第二端与所述外接端口负载相连接， 断开所述 开关单元， 进而断开所述负载单元与所述采样单元之间的连接； 所述 PWM 输出驱动单元的输入管脚接收控制器产生的 PWM信号，从所述 PWM输出 驱动单元流出的 PWM 电流经所述采集单元后进入所述外接端口负载； 同 时，所述 PWM电流在流经所述采样单元时，在所述采样单元的两端产生与 所述 PWM电流成正比的电压，所述电压作为外部被控对象的控制信号或通 过模拟 /数字转换将该电压转换成数字信号后作为外部被控对象的控制信 号。 所述 AI信号输入步骤为， 将所述采样单元的第二端与所述外接 AI信 号源相连接， 导通所述开关单元， 进而使所述负载单元与所述采样单元连 通； 关断所述 PWM输出驱动单元； 采样单元接收所述外接 AI信号源发送 的模拟信号。
进一步地， 所述 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法中， 所述 PWM与 AI 复用端口还包括： 用于放大所述采样单元采集的信息的运算放大器， 所述 运算放大器的同相输入端连接所述采样单元的第一端， 反相输入端连接所 述采样单元的第二端； 并且， 所述 PWM信号输出步骤进一步为， 在所述采 样单元的两端产生与所述 PWM电流成正比的电压后，将该电压引入所述运 算放大器进行电压放大。 所述 AI信号输入步骤进一步为， 在所述采样单元 接收所述外接 AI信号源发送的 AI信号后，将 AI信号引入所述运算放大器 进行信号放大。
进一步地， 所述 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法中， 所述 PWM与 AI 复用端口还包括用于对所述运算放大器的输出信号进行滤波的滤波电路， 所述滤波电路包括： 滤波电阻 及滤波电容； 所述滤波电阻 的第一端连接 所述运算放大器的输出端， 所述滤波电阻 的第二端通过所述滤波电容接 地。 并且， 所述 PWM信号输出步骤进一步为， 在与所述 PWM电流成正比 的电压被所述运算放大器放大后， 通过所述滤波电路将所述运算放大器输 出的电压信号进行滤波。
本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口通过在 PWM端口内部增加可配置的负载 回路， 即负载单元及开关单元， 通过开关单元的通断切换复用端口的工作 模式， 在开关单元导通时实现对 AI信号的检测， 在开关单元断开时工作在 PWM模式下， 可提升端口的灵活度， 复用 PWM端口以实现不同范围 AI 信号的高精度采集， 满足现场多样化应用需求。 附图说明
图 1为本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口的第一实施例结构示意图； 图 2为本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口的第二实施例结构示意图； 图 3为本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口第二实施例外接端口负载的示意图； 图 4为本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口第二实施例外接模拟信号源示意图。 具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没 有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的 范围。
如图 1所示， 本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口实施例包括： PWM输出驱 动单元 1、 采样单元 3、 负载单元 8、 开关单元 7; 其中， 采样单元 3的第 一端与 PWM输出驱动单元 1的输出端连接，采样单元 3的第二端用于与端 口负载连接或用于接收 AI信号（其中， PWM与 AI复用端口用作 PWM端 口时连接端口负载， 用作 AI端口时接收 AI信号）； 开关单元 7的第一端与 PWM输出驱动单元 1的输出端连接， 开关单元 7的第二端连接负载单元 8 的第一端； 负载单元 8的第二端接地； 在开关单元 7断开时， 采样单元 3 用于采集 PWM电流值；在开关单元 7导通时， PWM输出驱动单元 1关闭， 采样单元 3用于采集上述 AI信号。
请参考图 2, 具体操作时， PWM输出驱动单元 1可以为如图 2中标号 11所示的结构，采样单元 3可以为电阻 31或阻抗单元等各种能采集电流电 压的电学单元， 同理适用于负载单元 8, 如负载单元 8为图 2所示的电阻 71; 开关单元 7可以为图 2所示的手动开关 81 , 当然， 也可以是程控开关 (图未示）； 在开关单元 7采用程控开关时， 开关单元 7接收控制指令， 以 实现断开状态与闭合状态的转换。
继续参考图 2,优选地， 为了更便捷地对采样单元 3采集的信息进行分 析， 上述 PWM与 AI复用端口还包括： 用于对采样单元 3 (如电阻 31 )采 集的信息进行放大的运算放大器 4。 具体操作时，运算放大器 4的同相输入 端可以连接采样单元 3 (如电阻 31 ) 的第一端， 反相输入端可以连接采样 单元 3 (如电阻 31 ) 的第二端。
优选地，运算放大器 4为高共模电压电流测量放大器，如 INA193专用 高共模电压电流测量放大器， 可以支持最高达 40V的共模及实现在 24V共 模电压下的可靠采样。
优选地， 为了消除噪声以便于更精确地对采样单元 3采集的信息进行 分析， 上述 PWM与 AI复用端口还包括： 用于对运算放大器 4的输出信号 进行滤波的滤波电路。 具体操作时， 滤波电路包括滤波电阻 5 及滤波电容 6; 滤波电阻 5 的第一端连接运算放大器 4的输出端， 滤波电阻 5 的第二 端通过滤波电容 6接地； 滤波电阻 5 的第二端作为滤波电路的输出端。
上述 PWM与 AI复用端口的工作原理筒述如下： 当采样单元 3的第二 端用于与端口负载连接时， PWM与 AI复用端口可用作 PWM端口， 开关 单元 7断开（可以通过手动或程控实现）， 负载单元 8与采样单元 3断开连 接， 此时 PWM与 AI复用端口按照 PWM模式工作， 即 PWM输出驱动单 元 1的输入管脚接收 PWM信号，从 PWM输出驱动单元 1流出的 PWM电 流经 PWM与 AI复用端口内部的采样单元 3 (可以为电阻）后进入 PWM 与 AI复用端口外部的端口负载； PWM电流在流经采样单元 3时， 在采样 单元 3的两端产生与 PWM电流成正比的电压，该电压被引入运算放大器 4, 经过该运算放大器 4放大后， 通过依次由滤波电阻 5及滤波电容 6组成的 滤波电路将运算放大器 4的输出电压信号整理成一个稳定的且与 PWM电流 基本成正比的电压信号， 可以直接使用该电压作为控制信号或通过模拟 /数 字转换将该电压转换成数字信号参与计算机控制。
当采样单元 3的第二端用于接收 AI信号时， PWM与 AI复用端口可用 作 AI端口时， 开关单元 7导通（可以通过手动或程控实现）， 负载单元 8 与采样单元 3连通， 同时令 PWM输出为零以关断 PWM输出驱动单元 1 , 采样单元 3用于采集 AI信号流经采样单元 3的电流值对应的电压信号， 此 时通过合适的参数匹配即可以实现将采样单元 3上的电流值调节到运算放 大器 4的线性放大区， 并经过运算放大器 4放大到方便识别的与 AI信号成 正比的信号， 从而实现 AI端口复用； 具体操作时， AI信号可以是电压信号 或电流信号， 当 AI信号为电压信号时， 各元件大小调整以适应运算放大器 4的过程解释如下：
假设 AI电压信号为 V, 负载单元 8的阻值为 Rf , 采样单元 3的阻值为 则采样单元 3的端电压 与外部电压信号 V存在如下关系：
v¾ - V* /( + Rf )
具体操作时， 通过负载单元 8及采样单元 3阻值的选择， 上述 v 的值 位于运算放大器 4 的线性范围内即可； 可以理解的是， 通过选择具有不同 参数的负载单元 8,确保采样单元 3两端的电压在运算放大器 4的线性放大 区内， 则可以实现不同范围的 AI信号的采集， 如 0~5V、 0~10V等。
当 AI信号为电流信号时候， 可以直接利用如下公式计算采样电流值： Is = Vs /Rs
其中， Is即为 AI电流信号的电流值， Vs为采样单元 3的端口电压， Rs为采样单元 3的采样电阻值。
下面进一步图 3和图 4对本申请 PWM与 AI复用端口作进一步地详细 说明。
参照图 3, 图 3为本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口第二实施例外接端口负 载的示意图。
从图 3可以看出， 本实施例 PWM与 AI复用端口的端子 9外接端口负 载 2。
此时， 作为采样单元的电阻 31的第二端与端口负载 2连接， PWM与 AI复用端口用作 PWM端口。 作为开关单元的开关 81断开（可以通过手动 或程控实现）， 作为负载单元的电阻 71与电阻 31断开连接， 此时 PWM与 AI复用端口按照 PWM模式工作， 即 PWM输出驱动单元 1的输入管脚接 收 PWM信号， 从 PWM输出驱动单元 1流出的 PWM电流经 PWM与 AI 复用端口内部的电阻 31后进入 PWM与 AI复用端口外部的端口负载 2; PWM电流在流经电阻 31时， 在电阻 31的两端产生与 PWM电流成正比的 电压， 该电压被引入运算放大器 4, 经过该运算放大器 4放大后， 通过依次 由滤波电阻 5及滤波电容 6组成的滤波电路将运算放大器 4的输出电压信 号整理成一个稳定的且与 PWM电流基本成正比的电压信号，可以直接使用 该电压作为控制信号或通过模拟 /数字转换将该电压转换成数字信号参与计 算机控制。 显然， 用作 PWM端口的 PWM与 AI复用端口是用作输出端口 的。
参照图 4, 图 4为本发明 PWM与 AI复用端口第二实施例外接模拟信 号源的示意图。 从图 4可以看出， 本实施例 PWM与 AI复用端口的端子 9外接模拟信 号源。
当作为采样单元的电阻 31的第二端接收 AI信号时， PWM与 AI复用 端口可用作 AI端口时， 作为开关单元的开关 81导通（可以通过手动或程 控实现）， 作为负载单元的电阻 71与电阻 31连通， 同时令 PWM输出为零 以关断 PWM输出驱动单元 1 , 电阻 31采集 AI信号流经电阻 31的电流值 对应的电压信号， 此时通过合适的参数匹配即可以实现将电阻 31上的电流 值调节到运算放大器 4的线性放大区， 并经过运算放大器 4放大到方便识 别的与 AI信号成正比的信号， 从而实现 AI端口复用； 具体操作时， AI信 号可以是电压信号或电流信号， 当 AI信号为电压信号时， 各元件大小调整 以适应运算放大器 4的过程解释如下： 殳设 AI电压信号为 V, 电阻 71的阻值为 , 电阻 31的阻值为 , 则 电阻 31的端电压 与外部电压信号 V存在如下关系：
v¾ - V* /( + Rf )
具体操作时， 通过电阻 71及电阻 31阻值的选择， 上述 的值位于运 算放大器 4 的线性范围内即可； 可以理解的是， 通过选择具有不同参数的 电阻 71 ,确保电阻 31两端的电压在运算放大器 4的线性放大区内， 则可以 实现不同范围的 AI信号的采集， 如 0~5V、 0~10V等。
当 AI信号为电流信号时候， 可以直接利用如下公式计算采样电流值： Is = Vs /Rs
其中， Is即为 AI电流信号的电流值， Vs为电阻 31的端口电压， Rs为 电阻 31的采样电阻值。
本发明各实施例通过在 PWM端口内部增加可配置的负载回路，即负载 单元及开关单元， 通过开关单元的通断切换复用端口的工作模式： 在开关 单元导通时实现对外部模拟信号大小的检测， 在开关单元断开时工作在 PWM模式下。 本实施例可以提升端口的灵活度， 复用 PWM端口能够实现 不同范围 AI信号的高精度采集， 满足现场多样化应用需求。
本申请还提供一种控制器， 设置有上述任一种 PWM与 AI复用端口。 由于 PWM与 AI复用端口具有上述技术效果， 因此， 设置有 PWM与 AI 复用端口的控制器也具有上述技术效果。
此外， 本申请还提供了一种 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法， 该方 法基于 PWM与 AI复用端口，包括 PWM信号输出步骤和 AI信号输入步骤。 其中， PWM与 AI复用端口包括 PWM输出驱动单元 1、 采样单元 3、 负载 单元 8和开关单元 7; 采样单元 3的第一端与 PWM输出驱动单元 1的输出 端连接， 采样单元 3的第二端用于与端口负载连接或用于接收 AI信号； 开 关单元 7的第一端与 PWM输出驱动单元 1的输出端连接，开关单元 7的第 二端连接负载单元 8的第一端； 负载单元 8的第二端接地在开关单元 7断 开时， 采样单元 3用于采集 PWM输出驱动单元 1输出的 PWM电流值； 在 开关单元 7导通时， PWM输出驱动单元 1关闭， 采样单元 3用于采集 AI 信号。
PWM信号输出步骤为，将采样单元 3的第二端与外接端口负载相连接， 断开开关单元 7, 进而断开负载单元 8与采样单元 3之间的连接； PWM输 出驱动单元 1的输入管脚接收控制器产生的 PWM信号，从 PWM输出驱动 单元 1流出的 PWM电流经采集单元 3后进入外接端口负载； 同时， PWM 电流在流经采样单元 3时，在采样单元 3的两端产生与 PWM电流成正比的 电压， 电压作为外部被控对象的控制信号或通过模拟 /数字转换将该电压转 换成数字信号后作为外部被控对象的控制信号。
AI信号输入步骤为， 将采样单元 3的第二端与外接 AI信号源相连接， 导通开关单元 7, 进而使负载单元 8与采样单元 3连通； 关断 PWM输出驱 动单元 1; 采样单元 3接收外接 AI信号源发送的模拟信号。 进一步地， 还可以对 PWM与 ΑΙ复用端口做改进。 即， 该复用端口还 包括： 用于放大采样单元 3采集的信息的运算放大器 4,运算放大器 4的同 相输入端连接采样单元 3的第一端， 反相输入端连接采样单元 3的第二端。
此时， PWM信号输出步骤进一步为，在采样单元 3的两端产生与 PWM 电流成正比的电压后， 将该电压引入运算放大器 4进行电压放大； ΑΙ信号 输入步骤进一步为， 在采样单元 3接收外接 ΑΙ信号源发送的 ΑΙ信号后， 将 ΑΙ信号引入运算放大器 4进行信号放大。
优选地， PWM与 ΑΙ复用端口的控制方法中， PWM与 ΑΙ复用端口还 包括用于对运算放大器 4的输出信号进行滤波的滤波电路， 滤波电路包括： 滤波电阻 5 及滤波电容 6; 滤波电阻 5 的第一端连接运算放大器 4的输出 端， 滤波电阻 5 的第二端通过滤波电容 6接地。 此时， PWM信号输出步骤 进一步为，在与 PWM电流成正比的电压被运算放大器 4放大后，通过滤波 电路将运算放大器 4输出的电压信号进行滤波。
上述 PWM与 ΑΙ复用端口的控制方法中， 在 PWM端口内部增加可配 置的负载回路， 即负载单元及开关单元， 通过控制开关单元的通断切换复 用端口的工作模式： 在开关单元导通时实现对外部模拟信号大小的检测， 在开关单元断开时工作在 PWM模式下。 提升了端口的灵活度， 复用 PWM 端口可以实现不同范围 ΑΙ信号的高精度采集， 满足现场多样化应用需求。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发 明的精神和原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在 本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明提供的 PWM与 ΑΙ复用端口及其控制方法、 控制器， 能够提升 端口的灵活度， 复用 PWM端口以实现不同范围 ΑΙ信号的高精度采集， 满 足现场多样化应用需求。 因此， 本发明具有工业实用性。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种 PWM与 AI复用端口， 其特征在于， 包括： PWM输出驱动单 元（ 1 )、 采样单元（ 3 )、 负载单元（ 8 )和开关单元（ 7 );
所述采样单元（3)的第一端与所述 PWM输出驱动单元（1)的输出端 连接， 所述采样单元（3) 的第二端用于与端口负载连接或用于接收 AI信 号；
所述开关单元（7)的第一端与所述 PWM输出驱动单元（1)的输出端 连接， 所述开关单元（7) 的第二端连接所述负载单元（8) 的第一端； 所 述负载单元（8) 的第二端接地在所述开关单元（7) 断开时， 所述采样单 元（ 3 )用于采集所述 PWM输出驱动单元（ 1 )输出的 PWM电流值； 在所 述开关单元（7)导通时， 所述 PWM输出驱动单元（1)关闭， 所述采样单 元（3)用于采集所述 AI信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 其特征在于， 还包 括： 用于放大所述采样单元（3)采集的信息的运算放大器（4); 所述运算 放大器（4) 的同相输入端连接所述采样单元（3) 的第一端， 反相输入端 连接所述采样单元（3) 的第二端。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 其特征在于， 还包 括： 用于对所述运算放大器（4) 的输出信号进行滤波的滤波电路； 所述滤 波电路包括： 滤波电阻（5 )及滤波电容（6); 所述滤波电阻（5 ) 的第 一端连接所述运算放大器（4) 的输出端， 所述滤波电阻（5 ) 的第二端通 过所述滤波电容（6)接地。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 其特征在于， 所述运算放大器（4) 为高共模电压电流测量放大器。
5、 根据上述权利要求 4所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 其特征在于， 所述负载单元（8)和 /或所述采样单元（3) 为电阻。
6、 根据上述权利要求 5所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 其特征在于， 所述开关单元（7 ) 为程控开关或手动开关。
7、 一种控制器， 其特征在于， 设置有如权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口。
8、 一种 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法， 其特征在于， 该方法基于 如权利要求 1所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口， 包括 PWM信号输出步骤和 AI 信号输入步骤， 其中：
所述 PWM信号输出步骤为， 将所述采样单元（3 ) 的第二端与所述外 接端口负载相连接， 断开所述开关单元（7 ), 进而断开所述负载单元（8 ) 与所述采样单元（ 3 )之间的连接； 所述 PWM输出驱动单元（ 1 )的输入管 脚接收控制器产生的 PWM信号， 从所述 PWM输出驱动单元（ 1 ) 流出的 PWM电流经所述采集单元（ 3 )后进入所述外接端口负载；同时，所述 PWM 电流在流经所述采样单元（3 ) 时， 在所述采样单元（3 ) 的两端产生与所 述 PWM电流成正比的电压，所述电压作为外部被控对象的控制信号或通过 模拟 /数字转换将该电压转换成数字信号后作为外部被控对象的控制信号； 所述 AI信号输入步骤为， 将所述采样单元（3 ) 的第二端与所述外接 AI信号源相连接， 导通所述开关单元（7 ), 进而使所述负载单元（8 )与所 述采样单元（3 )连通； 关断所述 PWM输出驱动单元（ 1 ); 采样单元（3 ) 接收所述外接 AI信号源发送的模拟信号。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法， 其特征 在于， 所述 PWM与 AI复用端口还包括： 用于放大所述采样单元（3 )采 集的信息的运算放大器（4 ), 所述运算放大器（4 ) 的同相输入端连接所述 采样单元（3 ) 的第一端， 反相输入端连接所述采样单元（3 ) 的第二端； 并且，
所述 PWM信号输出步骤进一步为， 在所述采样单元（3 ) 的两端产生 与所述 PWM电流成正比的电压后， 将该电压引入所述运算放大器（4)进 行电压放大；
所述 AI信号输入步骤进一步为， 在所述采样单元（3)接收所述外接 AI信号源发送的 AI信号后， 将 AI信号引入所述运算放大器（4)进行信 号放大。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的 PWM与 AI复用端口的控制方法， 其特征 在于， 所述 PWM与 AI复用端口还包括用于对所述运算放大器（4) 的输 出信号进行滤波的滤波电路， 所述滤波电路包括： 滤波电阻（5 )及滤波 电容（6); 所述滤波电阻（5 ) 的第一端连接所述运算放大器（4) 的输出 端， 所述滤波电阻（5 ) 的第二端通过所述滤波电容（6)接地； 并且， 所述 PWM信号输出步骤进一步为，在与所述 PWM电流成正比的电压 被所述运算放大器（4)放大后， 通过所述滤波电路将所述运算放大器（4) 输出的电压信号进行滤波。
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