WO2014003665A1 - Drive system and method of driving a vehicle - Google Patents

Drive system and method of driving a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014003665A1
WO2014003665A1 PCT/SE2013/050784 SE2013050784W WO2014003665A1 WO 2014003665 A1 WO2014003665 A1 WO 2014003665A1 SE 2013050784 W SE2013050784 W SE 2013050784W WO 2014003665 A1 WO2014003665 A1 WO 2014003665A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
planetary gear
drive system
combustion engine
electric machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2013/050784
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nils-Gunnar VÅGSTEDT
Niklas Pettersson
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to BR112014031812A priority Critical patent/BR112014031812A2/en
Priority to EP13809609.4A priority patent/EP2867044A4/en
Publication of WO2014003665A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014003665A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/196—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems acting within the driveline, e.g. retarders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403—Synchronisation before shifting
    • F16H2061/0411—Synchronisation before shifting by control of shaft brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of driving a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • Hybrid vehicles can be driven by a primary motor which can be a combustion engine and a secondary motor which can be an electric machine.
  • the electric machine is
  • the electric machine can thereby alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle.
  • the electric machine braked, the electric machine generates electric energy which is stored in the energy storage.
  • the stored electric energy can be used later, for example, for driving the
  • the Swedish patent application SE 1051384-4 which has not been made public, shows a hybrid drive system with a planetary gear which comprises three components,
  • components of the planetary gear is connected to an output shaft of the combustion engine, a second component of the planetary gear is connected to an input shaft to the gear box and a third component of the planetary gear is connected to a rotor of an
  • the electric machine is connected to an energy storage such that it alternately can work as motor and generator.
  • the rotation speed of electric machines can be controlled in a stepless manner. By controlling the rotation speed of the electric machine, the input shaft to the gear box can be given a desired rotation speed.
  • the hybrid drive system is however dependent on that the hybrid battery functions in order to make it possible to start the vehicle.
  • the gear rotates with the idle running rotation speed of the combustion engine.
  • the second of the components of the planetary gear which is connected to the gear box is at rest as long as the vehicle is stationary.
  • the third of the components of the planetary gear is braked by a brake device during a staring process of the vehicle. Thereby a driving moment can be transferred to the gear box. This driving moment results in that the vehicle starts.
  • the brake device
  • the friction brake may be activated with a power device which may be hydraulic,
  • the brake device has the
  • combustion engine to the gear box can be varied in a suitable manner during the
  • the brake device brakes the ring wheel of the
  • a control unit may with advantage control the brake device such that
  • the vehicle gets a desired speed increase when the vehicle is started.
  • the vehicle gets a desired speed increase when the vehicle is started.
  • process of the vehicle may refer to the time it takes for the vehicle to reach a speed at which a starting gear can be disengaged and replaced by a higher gear in the gear box.
  • the staring process may be defined as a time period of 1 to 3 seconds or of another suitable length.
  • the drive system comprises a
  • control unit is adapted to control the combustion engine with the help of the motor control function at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle.
  • the rotor of the electro machine gets a positive rotation speed. It is thereby no longer possible to use the brake device for transferring a driving moment from the combustion engine to the gear box.
  • a control unit can calculate the rotation speed with which the output shaft of the combustion engine is to rotate in
  • control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated
  • control unit calculates, which knowledge
  • the control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated rotation speed, after which the new gear is engaged.
  • the drive system comprises an electric machine w hich comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor of the electric machine is connected to the third of the components of the planetary gear such that
  • control unit is adapted to control the electric machine such that it gives the third component of the
  • the gear box can essentially
  • the drive system comprises an energy storage which is connectable to the electric machine such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the 1 4 -08- 2013
  • the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle which is driven by a primary motor in the form of a combustion engine and a secondary motor in the form of said electric machine. Except for the energy storage, the vehicle comprises control equipment in order to control the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine.
  • the electric machine has thereby, in addition to the function to enable the control of the rotation speed of the input shaft of the gear box, also the ability to
  • the drive system alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle.
  • the drive system is a motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle.
  • control unit which is adapted to activate the brake device at operation
  • the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, the energy storage and the
  • the energy storage and the electric machine put a load on the third component of the planetary gear with a
  • This braking moment generates electric energy which is stored in the energy storage. If the energy storage is out of operation, the electric machine cannot create this braking moment. In this case, the brake device is activated such that it
  • the vehicle can thereby start and be driven to a service place or the like where it is possible to
  • the brake device functions as an auxiliary equipment which ensures that the vehicle can start when the energy storage has an undesired function.
  • the control unit is
  • the control unit may, for example, receive information from an electric measurement instrument which measures a parameter which is related to the electric energy which is led between the regular energy storage and the electric machine.
  • the electric measurement instrument may measure a
  • the drive system According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the drive system
  • the indication member may be a warning lamp or a sound alarm
  • the driver becomes immediately informed when the energy storage
  • control unit may be adapted to automatically
  • the driver may
  • combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel of the planetary gear, the input shaft
  • the rotor of the electric machine is connected to the ring wheel of the planetary gear.
  • the included components may be given a compact construction.
  • the sun wheel and the planet wheel holder may be connected to the output shaft of the
  • the rotor of the electric machine may be fixedly arranged on an external peripheral
  • the internal peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally provided with cogs.
  • the external peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally
  • the ring is smooth and very well suited for carrying the rotor of the electric machine.
  • the rotor of the electric machine may be connected to the ring wheel via a
  • Fig. 1 shows a drive line of a vehicle with a drive system according to the present
  • Fig. 2 shows the drive system in more detail
  • Fig. 3 shows how the rotation speed of the different components in a planetary gear
  • Fig. 4 shows how the driving moment of different components in the planetary gear
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the drive system.
  • Fig I shows a drive line for a heavy vehicle 1.
  • the drive line comprises a combustion engine 2, a gear box 3, a number of drive shafts 4 and drive wheels 5. Between the
  • Fig 2 shows the components in the intermediate part 6 in more detail.
  • combustion engine 2 is provided with an output shaft 2a and the gear box 3 with an
  • the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gear box.
  • the intermediate part 6 comprises a
  • housing 8 which encloses an electric machine 9 and a planetary gear.
  • stator 9a and a rotor 9b.
  • the stator 9a is a stator 9a and a rotor 9b.
  • stator core which is attached in a suitable manner on the inside of the stator core
  • the stator core comprises the windings of the stator.
  • the electric machine 9 is adapted to during certain operation occasions use stored electric energy for
  • the planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside of the stator 9a and rotor 9b of the electric machine.
  • the planetary gear comprises in a customary manner a sun
  • the sun wheel 10 is attached on a peripheral surface of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine.
  • the sun wheel 10 and the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine rotate as a unit with a first rotation speed ni.
  • the planet wheel holder 12 comprises an attachment portion 12a which is attached on a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gear box with the help of a spline joint 14. With the help of this joint, the planet wheel holder 12 and the input shaft 3a of the gear box can rotate as a unit with a second rotation speed m.
  • the ring wheel 1 1 comprises an external peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted.
  • the rotor 9b and the ring wheel 1 1 constitute a rotatable unit which rotates with a third rotation speed m.
  • the vehicle comprises a locking mechanism which is movable between a first open position in which the three components 10- 12 of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate with different rotation speeds and a second locked position in which it locks together two of the components 10, 12 of the planetary gear such that the three components 10- 12 of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed.
  • the locking mechanism comprises a displaceable coupling member 15.
  • the coupling member 15 is attached on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine with the help of a spline joint 16.
  • the coupling member 15 is in this case arranged, secured against turning, on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and displaceably arranged in an axial direction on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine.
  • the coupling member 15 comprises a coupling portion 15a which is connectable to a coupling portion 12b of the planet wheel holder 12.
  • the locking mechanism comprises a schematically shown displacement member 17 is adapted to displace the coupling member 15 between the first free position Ii when the coupling portions 15 a, 12b are not in engagement with each other and the second locked position when the coupling portions 1 5a, 12b are in engagement with each other.
  • the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box can rotate with different rotation speeds.
  • the coupling portions 15a, 12b When the coupling portions 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other, the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box will rotate with the same rotation speed.
  • An electric control unit 18 is adapted to control the displacement member 17.
  • the control unit 18 is also adapted to decide at which occasions the electric machine is to work as motor and at which occasions it is to work as generator. In order to decide this, the control unit 18 can receive actual information from suitable operation parameters.
  • the control unit 18 can be a computer with a software for this purpose. 1 4 -08- 2013
  • the control unit 18 can of course constitute one or more separate control units.
  • the control unit 1 8 controls a schematically shown control equipment 19 which controls the flow of electric energy between an energy storage 20 and the stator windings 9a of the electric machine. At occasions when the electric machine 9 works as motor, stored electric energy from the energy storage 20 is supplied to the stator 9a. At occasions when the electric machine works as generator, electric energy from the stator 9a is supplied to the energy storage 20.
  • the energy storage 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage which is in the order of 200-800 Volt. Since the intermediate part 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3 in a vehicle is limited, it is required that the electric machine 9 and the planetary gear constitute a compact unit.
  • the components 10. 1 1 , 12 of the planetary gear are here arranged substantially
  • the ring wheel 1 1 of the planetary gear, the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are here rotatably arranged around a
  • the vehicle 1 comprises a brake device in the form of a schematically shown brake 21 which is activated with an also
  • the brake 28 may, for example, be a friction brake which is activated by a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric power device 22.
  • the ring wheel 1 1 comprises in the shown example a protruding ring-shaped part 11a
  • control unit 18 receives information from an electric meter 24 which senses a parameter which is related to the electric
  • the energy storage 20 does probably not function in the desired manner. If essentially no electric energy is transported to and from the
  • the energy storage 20 is
  • control unit 18 estimates that the energy storage 20 has an undesired function. If the control unit 18 estimates that the energy storage 20 has an undesired function, it activates an indication member 25 in the
  • the indication member 25 may be a flashing light or a sound alarm. The task of the indication member 25 is to make the driver aware that the energy storage 20 has an undesired function. If the vehicle 1 is stationary, the control unit 18 may
  • the vehicle 1 is equipped with a motor control function 26 1 4 -08- 2013
  • the control unit 18 thereby has the possibility to activate the motor control function 26 and create a momentless state in the gear box 3 when engaging and disengaging gears in the gear box 3.
  • Fig. 3 and 4 show an example of how the rotation speed n and the moment T may vary with time t for the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine, the rotor 9b of the electric machine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box at the start of the vehicle 1 when the energy storage 20 has an undesired function.
  • Rotation speed m and moment Ti of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine are shown with dashed lines, rotation speed
  • the ring wheel 11 rotates at the start of the vehicle in an opposite direction in relation to the sun wheel
  • the control unit 1 8 activates the power device 22 such that it applies the brake 21 with a force against the ring-shaped part 1 l a of the ring wheel such that the ring wheel is braked with a moment T3 which in this case is 300 Nm. Since the ring wheel 1 1
  • the driving moment T 2 gets the input shaft 3a of the gear box going such that it starts to rotate, i.e. n 2 becomes larger than zero. Thereby the oppositely directed rotation
  • the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine is increased. It is thereby ensured that the ring wheel 1 1 also thereafter during the starting process can rotate with an oppositely directed rotation speed n 3 and provide a braking moment which drives the input shaft 3a of the gear box.
  • the input shaft 3a of the gear box gets a successively increasing rotation speed 3 ⁇ 4 and the vehicle 1 an increasing speed up to the time B.
  • the speed of the vehicle increases substantially linearly until the time B when the starting process is completed.
  • the moments Ti, T 2 , T3 present constant values up to the time B.
  • the combustion engine 2 is braked with an exhaust brake, a controllable turbo or is retarded in another manner such that the rotation speed ni is reduced.
  • the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 sinks at the same time as the input shaft 3a of the gear box maintains a constant rotation speed ⁇ 2.
  • the control unit 18 deactivates the brake device 21, 22.
  • the vehicle 1 is now driven with a constant speed.
  • the rotation speed n 3 of the electric machine 9 increases.
  • the rotation speed n 3 of the ring wheel 1 1 changes from being a negative rotation speed to a positive rotation speed.
  • the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 15a, 12b get into engagement with each other.
  • the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box are now locked in relation to each other and will thereby rotate with the same rotation speed.
  • the electric machine 9 rotates with the same rotation speed n 3 as the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box.
  • the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 to a disengaged position.
  • the connection between the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box ceases.
  • the control unit 18 calculates the rotation speed m which the input shaft 2a of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order to achieve a momentless state in the gear box 3.
  • the control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed ni, after which the gear is disengaged. After that the gear has been disengaged, a new gear is to be engaged.
  • the control unit 18 calculates here the rotation speed m which the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order for it to rotate with the same rotation speed as the input shaft 3a of the gear box.
  • the control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed m, after which the new gear is engaged.
  • the control unit 18 thereafter activates the motor control function 26 again in order to control the rotation speed i such that all the components in the planetary gear obtain the same rotation speed m, n2, n3 ⁇ 4.
  • the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 15a, 12b get into engagement with each other. After locking the planetary gear, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle.
  • a brake device 21 , 22 is used instead of the energy storage 20 and the electric machine 9 for starting the vehicle 1 when the energy storage 20 has an undesired function.
  • the brake device 21 , 22 With the help of the brake device 21 , 22, the vehicle 1 can be started and driven to a service place or the like where the energy storage 20 can be exchanged or repaired.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the drive system.
  • the vehicle comprises no hybrid battery 20 or electric machine 9. Except for that, the drive system comprises the same components and in the embodiment in Fig. 2.
  • the planetary gear here replaces a conventional clutch mechanism.
  • the vehicle 1 is always started with the help of the brake device 21, 22, after which the motor control function 26 is used when gears are to be shifted in the vehicle 1.
  • the brake device 21, 22 can be made lighter than a corresponding clutch element.
  • the brake device 21 , 22 may be constructed such that it holds the ring wheel 1 1 when the planet wheel holder 12 reaches a rotary speed at which the ring wheel is standstill. In this case, a gear ratio is created between the combustion engine 2 and the input shaft 3a of the gear box.
  • the brake device may be of an 1 4 -08- 2013
  • a transmission ratio can be arranged between the rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1 .
  • the rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1 do thus not have to rotate

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a drive system and a method of driving a vehicle (1). The drive system comprises a combustion engine (2) with an output shaft (2a), a gear box (3) with an input shaft (3a) and a planetary gear which comprises a sun wheel (10), a ring wheel (11) and a planet wheel holder ( 12). The output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components (10) and the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to a second of said components (12). The drive system comprises a brake device (21, 22) which is adapted to supply a braking moment to a third of the components (11, 11a) of the planetary gear and a control unit ( 18) which is adapted to activate the brake device (21, 22) such that it brakes the third component (11) of the planetary gear with a braking moment during at least a starting process of the vehicle (1).

Description

r~
'The ?w.
PCT Interna ^i- ;^p . ^c 1 4 «08* 2013
Drive system and method of driving a vehicle
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention concerns a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of driving a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 14.
To use a conventional clutch mechanism which disconnects the input shaft of the gear box from the combustion engine during gear changing processes in the gear box
involves disadvantages. When a stationary vehicle starts, the discs of the clutch
mechanism slide against each other. Thereby heating of the discs is provided. This heating results in an increased fuel consumption and a wear of the clutch discs. A
conventional clutch mechanism is also relatively heavy and expensive. It occupies also a relatively large space in the vehicle. To use a hydraulic moment converter also
results in losses.
Hybrid vehicles can be driven by a primary motor which can be a combustion engine and a secondary motor which can be an electric machine. The electric machine is
equipped with at least one energy storage for storing electric energy and control
equipment for controlling the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine. The electric machine can thereby alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle. When the vehicle is
braked, the electric machine generates electric energy which is stored in the energy storage. The stored electric energy can be used later, for example, for driving the
vehicle and operating different auxiliary systems in the vehicle.
The Swedish patent application SE 1051384-4, which has not been made public, shows a hybrid drive system with a planetary gear which comprises three components,
namely a sun wheel, a planet wheel holder and a ring wheel. One of the three
components of the planetary gear is connected to an output shaft of the combustion engine, a second component of the planetary gear is connected to an input shaft to the gear box and a third component of the planetary gear is connected to a rotor of an
electric machine. The electric machine is connected to an energy storage such that it alternately can work as motor and generator. The rotation speed of electric machines can be controlled in a stepless manner. By controlling the rotation speed of the electric machine, the input shaft to the gear box can be given a desired rotation speed. With a
RECORD COPY-TRANSLATION
(Rule 12,4) 1 4 -08- 2013
hybrid system according to SE 1051384-4 no clutch mechanism needs to be used in the drive line of the vehicle.
With a hybrid system according to SE 1051384-4 no clutch mechanism needs to be
used in the drive line of the vehicle. The hybrid drive system is however dependent on that the hybrid battery functions in order to make it possible to start the vehicle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a drive system for a vehicle of the
initially mentioned kind, where it essentially always is possible to start the vehicle.
This object is achieved with a drive system of the initially mentioned kind, which is
characterized by the features which are specified in the characterizing portion of claim
1. When the combustion engine is starting, a first of the components of the planetary
gear rotates with the idle running rotation speed of the combustion engine. The second of the components of the planetary gear which is connected to the gear box is at rest as long as the vehicle is stationary. The third of the components of the planetary gear
rotates backwards with a negative rotation speed. In order for a driving moment to be
transferred from the combustion engine to the gear box, it is required that the third
component of the planetary gear provides a braking moment. According to the
invention, the third of the components of the planetary gear is braked by a brake device during a staring process of the vehicle. Thereby a driving moment can be transferred to the gear box. This driving moment results in that the vehicle starts. The brake device
may be of an essentially arbitrary but functional kind. It may, for example, comprise a friction brake which is activated with a power device which may be hydraulic,
pneumatic or electric.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the brake device has the
capacity to supply a variable braking moment to the third component of the planetary
gear. With such a brake device, the driving moment which is transferred from the
combustion engine to the gear box can be varied in a suitable manner during the
starting process. Advantageously, the brake device brakes the ring wheel of the
planetary gear. A control unit may with advantage control the brake device such that
the vehicle gets a desired speed increase when the vehicle is started. Preferably, the
vehicle may get a constant speed increase during the starting process. The starting 1 4 -08- 2013
process of the vehicle may refer to the time it takes for the vehicle to reach a speed at which a starting gear can be disengaged and replaced by a higher gear in the gear box.
Alternatively, the staring process may be defined as a time period of 1 to 3 seconds or of another suitable length.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drive system comprises a
motor control function, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the combustion engine with the help of the motor control function at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle. After the start, the rotor of the electro machine gets a positive rotation speed. It is thereby no longer possible to use the brake device for transferring a driving moment from the combustion engine to the gear box. With information about the speed of the vehicle and actual gear in the gear box, a control unit can calculate the rotation speed with which the output shaft of the combustion engine is to rotate in
order to create a moment less state in the gear box. The control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated
rotation speed, after which the actual gear in the gear box is disengaged. When a new gear is to be engaged in the gear box, the control unit calculates, which knowledge
about the speed of the vehicle and the new gear, the rotation speed of the combustion engine at which the new gear can be engaged. The control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated rotation speed, after which the new gear is engaged.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drive system comprises an electric machine w hich comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor of the electric machine is connected to the third of the components of the planetary gear such that
said third component rotates with a third rotation speed, and wherein the control unit is adapted to control the electric machine such that it gives the third component of the
planetary gear a rotation speed which together with the rotation speed of the output
shaft of the combustion engine results in that the input shaft of the gear box gets a
desired rotation speed. With such an electric machine, the gear box can essentially
always be given a desired rotation speed independently of the rotation speed of the
combustion engine.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drive system comprises an energy storage which is connectable to the electric machine such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the 1 4 -08- 2013
vehicle. In this case, the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle which is driven by a primary motor in the form of a combustion engine and a secondary motor in the form of said electric machine. Except for the energy storage, the vehicle comprises control equipment in order to control the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine. The electric machine has thereby, in addition to the function to enable the control of the rotation speed of the input shaft of the gear box, also the ability to
alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the drive system
comprises a control unit which is adapted to activate the brake device at operation
occasions when the vehicle is started and the energy storage is estimated to have an undesired function. If the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, the energy storage and the
electric machine are used at the start of the vehicle. In this case, the energy storage and the electric machine put a load on the third component of the planetary gear with a
braking moment. This braking moment generates electric energy which is stored in the energy storage. If the energy storage is out of operation, the electric machine cannot create this braking moment. In this case, the brake device is activated such that it
brakes the third component of the planetary gear with a suitable moment. The vehicle can thereby start and be driven to a service place or the like where it is possible to
repair or exchange the energy storage. In this case, the brake device functions as an auxiliary equipment which ensures that the vehicle can start when the energy storage has an undesired function. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is
adapted to receive information concerning a parameter in order to determine if the
energy storage has an undesired function. The control unit may, for example, receive information from an electric measurement instrument which measures a parameter which is related to the electric energy which is led between the regular energy storage and the electric machine. The electric measurement instrument may measure a
parameter which concerns the current and/or voltage of the electric energy. If the
energy storage does substantially not deliver or receive electric energy during
operation, it probably has an undesired function. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the drive system
comprises an initiation member which indicates when the energy storage has an 1 4 -08- 2013
undesired function. The indication member may be a warning lamp or a sound alarm
which is activated if the energy storage does not function. With the help of such an
initiation member, the driver becomes immediately informed when the energy storage
does not have a desired function. The control unit may be adapted to automatically
activate the brake device such that the vehicle can be started at occasions when the
energy storage is estimated to be out of operation. Alternatively, the driver may
manually activate the brake device with a button or the like such that the vehicle can
start when the energy storage has an undesired function. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the output shaft of the
combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel of the planetary gear, the input shaft
of the gear box is connected to the planet wheel holder of the planetary gear and the
rotor of the electric machine is connected to the ring wheel of the planetary gear. With such a design, the included components may be given a compact construction. The sun wheel and the planet wheel holder may be connected to the output shaft of the
combustion engine and the input shaft of the gear box, respectively, with the help of
spline joints or the like. It is thereby guaranteed that the sun wheel rotates with the
same rotation speed as the output shaft of the combustion engine and that the planet
wheel holder rotates with the same rotation speed as the input shaft of the gear box.
The rotor of the electric machine may be fixedly arranged on an external peripheral
surface of the ring wheel. The internal peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally provided with cogs. The external peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally
smooth and very well suited for carrying the rotor of the electric machine. The ring
wheel and the rotor of the electric machine thereby form a rotatable unit. Alternatively, the rotor of the electric machine may be connected to the ring wheel via a
transmission. It is however possible to connect the output shaft of the combustion
engine, the input shaft of the gear box and the rotor of the electric machine with any of the other components of the planetary gear. The initially mentioned object is achieved also by the method according to claims 14- 24.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following preferred embodiments of the invention are described, as examples,
with reference to the annexed drawings, on which: 1 4 -08- 2013
Fig. 1 shows a drive line of a vehicle with a drive system according to the present
invention.
Fig. 2 shows the drive system in more detail,
Fig. 3 shows how the rotation speed of the different components in a planetary gear
may vary at the start of the vehicle,
Fig. 4 shows how the driving moment of different components in the planetary gear
may vary at the start of the vehicle and
Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the drive system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Fig I shows a drive line for a heavy vehicle 1. The drive line comprises a combustion engine 2, a gear box 3, a number of drive shafts 4 and drive wheels 5. Between the
combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3 the drive line comprises an intermediate part
6. Fig 2 shows the components in the intermediate part 6 in more detail. The
combustion engine 2 is provided with an output shaft 2a and the gear box 3 with an
input shaft 3a in the intermediate part 6. The output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gear box. The output shaft
2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are rotatably
arranged around a common axis of rotation 7. The intermediate part 6 comprises a
housing 8 which encloses an electric machine 9 and a planetary gear. The electric
machine 9 comprises in a customary manner a stator 9a and a rotor 9b. The stator 9a
comprises a stator core which is attached in a suitable manner on the inside of the
housing 8. The stator core comprises the windings of the stator. The electric machine 9 is adapted to during certain operation occasions use stored electric energy for
supplying drive power to the input shaft 3a of the gear box and to during other
operation occasions use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gear box for
extracting and storing electric energy.
The planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside of the stator 9a and rotor 9b of the electric machine. The planetary gear comprises in a customary manner a sun
wheel 10, a ring wheel 1 1 and a planet wheel holder 12. The planet wheel holder 12
carries a number of cog wheels 13 which are rotatably arranged in a radial space
between the cogs of the sun wheel 10 and the ring wheel 1 1 . The sun wheel 10 is attached on a peripheral surface of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine. The sun wheel 10 and the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine rotate as a unit with a first rotation speed ni. The planet wheel holder 12 comprises an attachment portion 12a which is attached on a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gear box with the help of a spline joint 14. With the help of this joint, the planet wheel holder 12 and the input shaft 3a of the gear box can rotate as a unit with a second rotation speed m. The ring wheel 1 1 comprises an external peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted. The rotor 9b and the ring wheel 1 1 constitute a rotatable unit which rotates with a third rotation speed m.
The vehicle comprises a locking mechanism which is movable between a first open position in which the three components 10- 12 of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate with different rotation speeds and a second locked position in which it locks together two of the components 10, 12 of the planetary gear such that the three components 10- 12 of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed. In this embodiment, the locking mechanism comprises a displaceable coupling member 15. The coupling member 15 is attached on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine with the help of a spline joint 16. The coupling member 15 is in this case arranged, secured against turning, on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and displaceably arranged in an axial direction on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine. The coupling member 15 comprises a coupling portion 15a which is connectable to a coupling portion 12b of the planet wheel holder 12. The locking mechanism comprises a schematically shown displacement member 17 is adapted to displace the coupling member 15 between the first free position Ii when the coupling portions 15 a, 12b are not in engagement with each other and the second locked position when the coupling portions 1 5a, 12b are in engagement with each other. In the first open position, the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box can rotate with different rotation speeds. When the coupling portions 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other, the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box will rotate with the same rotation speed.
An electric control unit 18 is adapted to control the displacement member 17. The control unit 18 is also adapted to decide at which occasions the electric machine is to work as motor and at which occasions it is to work as generator. In order to decide this, the control unit 18 can receive actual information from suitable operation parameters. The control unit 18 can be a computer with a software for this purpose. 1 4 -08- 2013
8
The control unit 18 can of course constitute one or more separate control units. The control unit 1 8 controls a schematically shown control equipment 19 which controls the flow of electric energy between an energy storage 20 and the stator windings 9a of the electric machine. At occasions when the electric machine 9 works as motor, stored electric energy from the energy storage 20 is supplied to the stator 9a. At occasions when the electric machine works as generator, electric energy from the stator 9a is supplied to the energy storage 20. The energy storage 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage which is in the order of 200-800 Volt. Since the intermediate part 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3 in a vehicle is limited, it is required that the electric machine 9 and the planetary gear constitute a compact unit.
The components 10. 1 1 , 12 of the planetary gear are here arranged substantially
radially inside of the stator 9a of the electric machine. The rotor 9b of the electric
machine, the ring wheel 1 1 of the planetary gear, the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are here rotatably arranged around a
common axis of rotation 5. With such a design, the electric machine 9 and the
planetary gear occupy a relatively small space. The vehicle 1 comprises a brake device in the form of a schematically shown brake 21 which is activated with an also
schematically shown power device 22. The brake 28 may, for example, be a friction brake which is activated by a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric power device 22. The ring wheel 1 1 comprises in the shown example a protruding ring-shaped part 11a
against which the brake 21 is applied with a variable force by the power device (22).
During the operation of the electric machine 9, the control unit 18 receives information from an electric meter 24 which senses a parameter which is related to the electric
energy which is transported to and from the energy storage 20. If the measured electric energy is below an expected value, the energy storage 20 does probably not function in the desired manner. If essentially no electric energy is transported to and from the
energy storage 20 during the operation of the vehicle 1, the energy storage 20 is
estimated to have an undesired function. If the control unit 18 estimates that the energy storage 20 has an undesired function, it activates an indication member 25 in the
driver's cab. The indication member 25 may be a flashing light or a sound alarm. The task of the indication member 25 is to make the driver aware that the energy storage 20 has an undesired function. If the vehicle 1 is stationary, the control unit 18 may
automatically activate the brake device when the vehicle 1 is started. Alternatively, the driver may manually with a button or the like activate the brake device 21, 22 when the vehicle is to be started. The vehicle 1 is equipped with a motor control function 26 1 4 -08- 2013
with which the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 can be controlled. The control unit 18 thereby has the possibility to activate the motor control function 26 and create a momentless state in the gear box 3 when engaging and disengaging gears in the gear box 3.
Fig. 3 and 4 show an example of how the rotation speed n and the moment T may vary with time t for the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine, the rotor 9b of the electric machine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box at the start of the vehicle 1 when the energy storage 20 has an undesired function. Rotation speed m and moment Ti of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine are shown with dashed lines, rotation speed
Π2 and moment T2 of the input shaft 3 of the gear box are shown with continuous lines and rotation speed m and moment T3 of the electric machine 9 are shown with dotted lines. The relationship between the number of cogs zi of the sun wheel 9 and the
number of cogs Z2 of the ring wheel 10 is in this example zi/z2 = 0.7.
The combustion engine 2 starts at t = 0. The combustion engine 2 runs initially idle with the rotation speed n i = 500 rpm and the moment Ti = 200 Nm. The input shaft 3a of the gear box is at rest and has thus initially the rotation speed n2 = 0 rpm. Since all the components in the planetary gear are connected to each other with a predetermined transmission ratio, the ring wheel 1 1 obtains an initial rotation speed m which is
determined by the two other rotation speeds ni , n2. With the above transmission ratio
Z 1 /Z2 = 0.7, the ring wheel obtains the rotation speed m = -350 rpm. The ring wheel 11 rotates at the start of the vehicle in an opposite direction in relation to the sun wheel
10.
The control unit 1 8 activates the power device 22 such that it applies the brake 21 with a force against the ring-shaped part 1 l a of the ring wheel such that the ring wheel is braked with a moment T3 which in this case is 300 Nm. Since the ring wheel 1 1
rotates in the opposite direction in relation to the sun wheel 10, the braking moment T3 is supplied to the input shaft 3a of the gear box. The input shaft 3a of the gear box here gets a driving moment T2 = 500 Nm which is the sum of the driving moment Ti of the output shaft of the combustion engine and the braking moment T3 of the ring wheel.
The driving moment T2 gets the input shaft 3a of the gear box going such that it starts to rotate, i.e. n2 becomes larger than zero. Thereby the oppositely directed rotation
speed n3 of the ring wheel 1 1 is simultaneously reduced. 1 4 -08-
10
At the time A, the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine is increased. It is thereby ensured that the ring wheel 1 1 also thereafter during the starting process can rotate with an oppositely directed rotation speed n3 and provide a braking moment which drives the input shaft 3a of the gear box. The input shaft 3a of the gear box gets a successively increasing rotation speed ¾ and the vehicle 1 an increasing speed up to the time B. The speed of the vehicle increases substantially linearly until the time B when the starting process is completed. The moments Ti, T2, T3 present constant values up to the time B. At the time B, the combustion engine 2 is braked with an exhaust brake, a controllable turbo or is retarded in another manner such that the rotation speed ni is reduced. The rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 sinks at the same time as the input shaft 3a of the gear box maintains a constant rotation speed Π2. The control unit 18 deactivates the brake device 21, 22. The vehicle 1 is now driven with a constant speed. When the rotation speed m of the combustion engine 2 sinks at the same time as the rotation speed of the gear box is constant, the rotation speed n3 of the electric machine 9 increases. The rotation speed n3 of the ring wheel 1 1 changes from being a negative rotation speed to a positive rotation speed. At the time C all components in the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed. The control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 15a, 12b get into engagement with each other. The output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box are now locked in relation to each other and will thereby rotate with the same rotation speed.
After that the components included in the planetary gear have been locked, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle 1. The electric machine 9 rotates with the same rotation speed n3 as the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box.
At the continued journey, a higher gear needs to be engaged in the gear box 3. The control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 to a disengaged position. The connection between the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box ceases. The control unit 18 calculates the rotation speed m which the input shaft 2a of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order to achieve a momentless state in the gear box 3. The control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed ni, after which the gear is disengaged. After that the gear has been disengaged, a new gear is to be engaged. The control unit 18 calculates here the rotation speed m which the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order for it to rotate with the same rotation speed as the input shaft 3a of the gear box. The control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed m, after which the new gear is engaged. The control unit 18 thereafter activates the motor control function 26 again in order to control the rotation speed i such that all the components in the planetary gear obtain the same rotation speed m, n2, n¾. When all the components in the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed, the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 15a, 12b get into engagement with each other. After locking the planetary gear, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle.
In this case, a brake device 21 , 22 is used instead of the energy storage 20 and the electric machine 9 for starting the vehicle 1 when the energy storage 20 has an undesired function. With the help of the brake device 21 , 22, the vehicle 1 can be started and driven to a service place or the like where the energy storage 20 can be exchanged or repaired.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the drive system. In this case, the vehicle comprises no hybrid battery 20 or electric machine 9. Except for that, the drive system comprises the same components and in the embodiment in Fig. 2. The planetary gear here replaces a conventional clutch mechanism. In this case, the vehicle 1 is always started with the help of the brake device 21, 22, after which the motor control function 26 is used when gears are to be shifted in the vehicle 1. The brake device 21, 22 can be made lighter than a corresponding clutch element. The brake device 21 , 22 may be constructed such that it holds the ring wheel 1 1 when the planet wheel holder 12 reaches a rotary speed at which the ring wheel is standstill. In this case, a gear ratio is created between the combustion engine 2 and the input shaft 3a of the gear box. In such a manner, an extra low gear stage may be created for all ordinary gears in the gear box. The number of gears can therefore be doubled. By connecting the brake device to the ring wheel 1 1, it can easily be built-in in a compact manner in a drive train. A further advantage to connect the brake device 21, 22 to the ring wheel 1 1 and the combustion engine 2 to the sun wheel, it is that it requires a less moment of the combustion engine 2. The invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described on the drawings but can be varied freely within the scope of the claims. The brake device may be of an 1 4 -08- 2013
12
essentially arbitrary with functional kind. If the vehicle is equipped with an energy
storage or an electric machine, a transmission ratio can be arranged between the rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1 . The rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1 do thus not have to rotate
with the same rotation speed.

Claims

Claims
1 . Drive system for a vehicle (1 ), wherein the drive system comprises a combustion engine (2) with an output shaft (2a). a gear box (3) with an input shaft (3a) and a planetary gear which comprises a sun wheel ( 10), a ring wheel (1 1) and a planet wheel holder ( 12), wherein the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft (2a) leads to a rotation of this component, wherein the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to a second of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft leads to a rotation of this component, characterized in that the drive system comprises a brake device (21, 22) which is adapted to supply a braking moment to a third of the components (1 1 , 1 1 a) of the planetary gear and a control unit (18) which is adapted to activate the brake device (21 , 22) such that it brakes the third component (1 1) of the planetary gear with a braking moment during a starting process of the vehicle ( 1).
2. Drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device (21, 22) is adapted to brake the third component (1 1) of the planetary gear with a variable braking moment.
3. Drive system according to claim 2, characterized in that the brake device (21, 22) is adapted to brake the ring wheel (1 1) with a variable braking moment.
4. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel (10) of the planetary gear.
5. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to the planet wheel holder (12) of the planetary gear.
6. Drive system according to according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit ( 18) is adapted to control the brake device (21, 22) such the vehicle provides a desired speed increase during a starting process of the vehicle (1). 1 -08- 2013
14
7 Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive system comprises a motor control function (26), wherein the control unit (17) is
adapted to control the rotary speed of the combustion engine (1 ) with the help of the
motor control function (26) at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle
( 1 ).
8. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the
drive system comprises an electric machine (9) which comprises a stator (9a) and a
rotor (9b), wherein the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is connected to the third of the components ( 1 1) of the planetary gear such that a rotation of the rotor (9b) leads to a
rotation of this component, and wherein the control unit (18) is adapted to control the electric machine (9) such that it gives the third component (1 1) of the planetary gear a rotation speed (m) which together with the rotation speed (ni) of the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine results in that the input shaft (3a) of the gear box gets a
desired rotation speed (¾).
9. Drive system according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive system comprises a hybrid energy storage (20) which is connectable to the electric machine (9) such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the vehicle (1).
10. Drive system according to claim 9. characterized in that the control unit (18) is
adapted to activate the brake device (21 , 22) during a starting process of the vehicle (1) when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
1 1 . Drive system according to any of the claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the
control unit ( 18) is adapted to receive information concerning a parameter in order to estimate if the hybrid energy storage (20) has an undesired function.
12. Drive system according to any of the claims 9- 1 1, characterized in that the drive system comprises an initiation member (25) which indicates when the hybrid energy
storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
13. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims 8-12, characterized in that the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel (10) of the planetary gear, that the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to the planet wheel ΡΓΤ /SF ?nn / 0 50 7 8 ^4/003665 PCT/SE2013/050784g_ ^Q^
15
holder ( 12) of the planetary gear and that the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is
connected to the ring wheel (1 1 ) of the planetary gear.
14. Method of driving a vehicle ( 1 ), wherein the vehicle comprises a combustion
engine (2) with an output shaft (2a), a gear box (3) with an input shaft (3a), and a
planetary gear which comprises a sun wheel ( 10), a ring wheel (1 1) and a planet wheel holder (12 wherein the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to a
first of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft (2a)
leads to a rotation of this component, wherein the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is
connected to a second of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of
this shaft leads to a rotation of this component, characterized by the step to activate a
brake device (21, 22) such that it brakes a third of said components (1 1) of the
planetary gear during a starting process of the vehicle (1 ).
15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by the step to brake the third
component ( 1 1) of the planetary gear with a variable moment.
16. Method according to claim 15, characterized by the step to brake the ring wheel
(11) with a variable moment.
17. Method according to any of the preceding claims 14-16, characterized by the step
to control the brake device (21, 22) such that the vehicle (1) provides a desired speed
increase during a starting process of the vehicle (1 ).
18. Method according to any of the preceding claims 14-17, characterized by the step
to control the rotation speed of the combustion engine ( 1 ) at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle (1).
19. Method according to any of the preceding claims 14- 18, wherein the vehicle
comprises an electric machine (9) which comprises a stator (9a) and a rotor (9b),
wherein the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is connected to the third of the
components ( 1 1) of the planetary gear such that a rotation of the rotor (9b) leads to a
rotation of this component, characterized by the step to control the electric machine (9) such that it gives the third component (1 1) of the planetary gear a rotation speed (¾)
which together with the rotation speed (ni ) of the output shaft (2a) of the combustion I * -08- 2013
16
engine results in that the input shaft (3a) of the gear box gets a desired rotation speed (¾).
20. Method according to any of the preceding claims 19, characterized by the step to connect the electric machine to a hybrid energy storage (20) such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the vehicle ( 1).
21. Method according to claim 20, characterized by the step to activate the brake device (21, 22) during a starting process of the vehicle ( 1) and when the hybrid energy storage is estimated to have an underside function.
22. Method according to any of the preceding claims 20 and 21 , characterized by the steps to receive information concerning a parameter in order to determine if the hybrid energy storage (20) has an undesired function.
23. Method according to any of the preceding claims 20-22, characterized by the step to indicate to a driver of the vehicle (1) when the hybrid energy storage (20) is
estimated to be out of operation.
24. Method according to any of the preceding claims 19-23, characterized by the steps to connect the output shaft (2) of the combustion engine to the sun wheel (9) of the planetary gear, to connect the input shaft (3) of the gear box to the planet wheel holder (1 1 ) of the planetary gear and to connect the rotor (8) of the electric machine to the ring wheel ( 10) of the planetary gear.
25. Computer program comprising computer program code for making a computer implement a method according to any of the claims 1 1-20 when the computer program code is executed in the computer.
26. Computer program product comprising a data storage medium which is readable by a computer, wherein the computer program code of a computer program according to claim 21 is stored on the data storage medium.
27. Vehicle comprising a drive system according to any of the claims 1- 10.
PCT/SE2013/050784 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle WO2014003665A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112014031812A BR112014031812A2 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 drive system and method of driving a vehicle
EP13809609.4A EP2867044A4 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1250704-2 2012-06-27
SE1250704A SE1250704A1 (en) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Drive system and procedure for operating a vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014003665A1 true WO2014003665A1 (en) 2014-01-03

Family

ID=49783637

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP2867044A4 (en)
BR (1) BR112014031812A2 (en)
SE (1) SE1250704A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014003665A1 (en)

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WO2016159846A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab A transmission arrangement for a vehicle
EP3875296A4 (en) * 2017-11-27 2022-08-10 IVECO S.p.A. Power transmission unit for shafts and vehicles for carrying passengers and goods

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016159846A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab A transmission arrangement for a vehicle
EP3875296A4 (en) * 2017-11-27 2022-08-10 IVECO S.p.A. Power transmission unit for shafts and vehicles for carrying passengers and goods
US11571962B2 (en) 2017-11-27 2023-02-07 Iveco S.P.A. Power transmission unit for shafts and vehicle for carrying passengers and goods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE1250704A1 (en) 2013-12-28
EP2867044A1 (en) 2015-05-06
EP2867044A4 (en) 2016-06-29
BR112014031812A2 (en) 2017-06-27

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