Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
  • F24D17/0015—Domestic hot-water supply systems using solar energy
  • F24D17/0021—Domestic hot-water supply systems using solar energy with accumulation of the heated water
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
  • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/181—Construction of the tank
  • F24H1/182—Insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
  • F24H4/02—Water heaters
  • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a water heater for domestic use, for the production of domestic hot water and its storage at atmospheric pressure in a tank made of synthetic material.
• this water heater is adapted for heating domestic hot water of a dwelling.
• Pressure electric water heaters are known, equipped with a reservoir containing water under pressure, the reservoir is generally constituted by a double wall forming a cylinder, a thermal insulator is inserted in the space between the two walls of the tank, the inner wall of the tank is made of stainless steel or enamelled steel, this inner wall has a thickness greater than 1.2mm to support the maximum pressure of the domestic hot water network that can reach 7bar, the water heater is equipped with an immersion heater type electrical resistance placed inside the tank or a steatite type electrical resistance placed in a thimble formed by the inner wall of said tank.
• the glove should be located generally in the lower part of the tank.
• Pressurized solar water heaters equipped with a reservoir containing pressurized water are also known, the reservoir generally consists of a double wall generally forming a cylinder. A thermal insulation is inserted in the space between the two walls of the tank, the inner wall is made of stainless steel or enamelled steel, this inner wall is of a thickness greater than 1.2mm to support the maximum pressure of the network Domestic hot water that can reach 7bar, the water heater is also equipped with:
• a planar solar thermal collector generally consisting of a copper tube (exchanger tube) fixed on a metal plate covered with a layer of selective absorbent.
• these water heaters have the disadvantage of a high cost, related to the thickness of the inner wall of the tank, case of stainless steel inner wall, and or a limited lifetime (about 10 years) for the case of the enamelled steel tank, the additional cost is also linked to the addition of heat pipe heat exchangers for the case of the vacuum tube solar water heater, or related to the cost of the exchanger tube and Absorbent plate in the case of water heater with flat sensor.
• pressureless solar water heaters comprising a tank containing water at atmospheric pressure, the tank consists of a double wall generally forming a cylinder, a thermal insulator is inserted in the space between the two walls of the tank, the inner wall is usually stainless steel with a thickness of about 0.5mm, the water heater also includes a vacuum tube solar collector (double-walled glass tube thermally insulated by a vacuum in space directory between the two walls) whose inner face of the inner wall of the vacuum tube is covered with a layer of selective absorbent.
• a vacuum tube solar collector double-walled glass tube thermally insulated by a vacuum in space directory between the two walls
• the tubes are placed generally under the tank and connected directly to the tank, the water of the tank is heated directly in the glass tubes, and circulates between the tank and the vacuum tubes by thermosiphon phenomenon.
• these water heaters are placed on the roof of the house or on the terrace of the building, the water tank feeds the domestic hot water network by gravity, which has the disadvantage of low pressure and or low flow in the domestic hot water system: relative pressure at the outlet of the water heater ⁇ 0.5bar.
• the water heater comprises a tank containing water at atmospheric pressure, the tank consists of a double wall forming a cylinder, a thermal insulator is inserted in the space between the two walls of the tank, the inner wall is generally made of stainless steel and about 0.5mm thick, the water heater also includes a vacuum tube solar collector (double-walled glass tube thermally insulated by a vacuum in the directory space between the two walls) whose inner side of the inner wall is covered with a selective absorbent.
• a vacuum tube solar collector double-walled glass tube thermally insulated by a vacuum in the directory space between the two walls
• the tubes are placed generally under the tank and connected directly to the tank.
• the water in the tank is heated directly in the glass tubes and circulates between the tank and the vacuum tubes by thermosiphon phenomenon.
• a metal (heat exchanger) tube generally of copper generally longer than 30m and with a diameter greater than or equal to 12mm, is placed in the form of a coil inside the tank and allows the instantaneous production of water hot sanitary pressurized by the passage of the network water inside the exchanger tube placed in the tank.
• Thermodynamic water heaters are also known comprising a reservoir containing water under pressure, the reservoir is generally constituted by a double wall forming a cylinder, a thermal insulator is inserted in the space between the two walls of the reservoir, the inner wall is of a thickness greater than 1.2mm in stainless steel or enamelled steel, the thermodynamic water heater also includes a refrigerant circuit generally consisting of a compressor, a finned tube evaporator, a flash element and a condenser which is usually made by an aluminum tube placed around the inner wall of the tank, a fan can transmit heat from the air to the evaporator.
• a refrigerant circuit generally consisting of a compressor, a finned tube evaporator, a flash element and a condenser which is usually made by an aluminum tube placed around the inner wall of the tank, a fan can transmit heat from the air to the evaporator.
• the present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a reliable water heater (lifetime greater than 20 years) for producing hot water and reduce the cost of obtaining the water heater.
• this water heater is adapted for heating domestic hot water of a dwelling.
• the present invention relates to a water heater comprising a tank consisting of an inner layer of synthetic material and a preferably galvanized sheet cladding.
• an insulator preferably an expanded polyurethane foam.
• the internal hot water contains domestic hot water at a relative pressure of less than 1 bar, the domestic hot water in the tank is heated by an internal and / or external heat source (electrical resistance, and or solar thermal collector and or a heat pump and or a fuel boiler).
• the wall of the inner tank of said tank is made of a synthetic material having a thickness of less than 5 mm,
• the hot water installation of the habitat is supplied directly by the hot water of said tank, and the filling of said tank is provided by the cold water network injected preferably in the lower part of said tank and preferably automatically; for example depending on the water level in said tank.
• said inner tank of said tank consists of a standard packaging of commercial polymer material.
• the hot water stored in the tank at atmospheric pressure is injected into the domestic hot water system of the pressure vessel using a booster, so that a flow of domestic hot water at the tap.
• the surppressor can be equipped with an automatic control according to the pressure in the domestic hot water installation of the home and or depending on the measurement of the water flow in the hot water system, an expansion tank can also be added to limit the number of startup of the surpresser, especially in case of low opening of the valve.
• a non-return valve is preferably placed upstream of the booster for maintaining the pressure during the shutdown of the booster.
• a calibrated recirculation duct connects a point of the circuit downstream of said booster to a point in the circuit upstream of said booster, so that With a low flow rate at the tap, the recirculation flow rate is high, allowing the blower to operate at an optimum internal flow rate.
• This control system can be further improved by the addition of a pressure limiter placed in the said recirculation duct, this limiter may consist for example of a valve and a control system depending on the pressure in downstream of said booster. Thus, said valve opens when the pressure downstream of said booster exceeds a predetermined limit.
• said booster is variable speed whose speed is regulated according to the pressure downstream of said booster.
• the said booster is equipped with a single-phase asynchronous motor controlled by a triac in dimmer mode, and the speed variation is achieved by an electronic card by the dimmer mode, so the
• the suction of water in the tank takes place at a height which follows the level of water in the tank, thus the suction takes place just below the water level. in said tank which can vary, thus a continuous suction is guaranteed even for a sucked flow rate greater than the cold water inlet flow rate in said tank, while maintaining a constant outlet water temperature, and thus benefiting the stratification effect in the said tank, this system allows a high water flow to the tap even for a network of cold water at low pressure.
• This adaptation of the suction height to the water level in the tank can be carried out using a floating duct whose extremized (inlet) is maintained just below the water level by a burbot mass per example.
• the heat source is a planar sensor connected to at least one duct connected to the lower part of said tank, thus the cold water of said tank goes down into the sensor and heats up. to return to the tank only by thermosiphon phenomenon.
• the heat source is a vacuum tube sensor equipped with a collector, connected to at least one duct connected to the lower part of said tank, thus the cold water of the said tank goes down into the collector and into the vacuum tubes, heats up to go up into the collector and into the tank only by thermosiphon phenomenon.
• said collector of said vacuum tube solar collector is placed between said tank and said casing of the tank.
• the insulation and the covering of the said tank are also used for the said collector, thus limiting the cost of obtaining the heating water.
• said The tank is connected to a first air outlet and, on the other hand, said solar collector is connected to a second vent located above said first vent, thus in the absence of water in said tank and in the solar collector, a flow of ambient air is effected from the first venting by first passing through said polymer tank and then by said solar collector to be heated, this hot air is then evacuated by the said second venting by natural convection (chimney effect), and this air circulation can cool the said tank and evacuate part of the heat absorbed by the solenoid sensors, thus it avoids a degradation of said tank by excessive temperature ve in case of lack of absence of water.
• At least one of the vents can be equipped with a flapper-type valve for example which opens when the water level drops below a predetermined value.
• a flapper-type valve for example which opens when the water level drops below a predetermined value.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation according to a first application of the invention: application to an electric water heater according to a first embodiment.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation according to a first application of the invention: application to an electric water heater according to a second embodiment.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation in accordance with a second application of the invention: application to a vacuum tube solar water heater.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic representation in accordance with a third application of the invention: application to a thermodynamic water heater
• a vertical water heater has been illustrated.
• the present invention applies to any type of water heater and in particular horizontal water heater.
• This water heater (1) comprising a reservoir (2) containing hot water (21) at a relative pressure of less than 1 bar, said reservoir (2) consists of at least one internal tank (22). ) in contact with the domestic hot water (21), and an external covering (23) between which is placed a thermal insulator (24), and a heat source (3) for heating said hot water (21). ), in this case the heat source (3) is an electric heating element.
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the cold water network (4) via a valve (41) controlled according to the domestic hot water level (21) of said tank (22).
• the said inner tank (22) in the upper part is connected to the sanitary hot water installation (5) of the habitat via an outlet (28), so that the domestic hot water system (5) is fed with the hot water of said tank (22) naturally located in the upper part of the tank (22).
• Said water heater (1) is installed at a height and allows the domestic hot water system to be fed by said outlet (28) by gravity.
• the cold water network allows the automatic filling of said tank by the lower part to maintain stratification of the temperature in said tank.
• Said inner tank (22) is made at least 50% of its weight of polymer material.
• This tank can also be made of a packaging material of the trade in polymer material.
• a schematic representation according to a first application of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2: application to an electric water heater according to a second embodiment.
• a vertical water heater has been illustrated.
• the present invention applies to any type of water heater and in particular horizontal water heater.
• This water heater (1) comprising a reservoir (2) containing hot water (21) at a relative pressure of less than 1 bar, said reservoir (2) consists of at least one internal tank (22). ) in contact with the domestic hot water (21), and an external covering (23) between which is placed a thermal insulator (24), and a heat source (3) for heating said hot water (21). ), in this case the heat source (3) is an electric heating element.
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the cold water network (4) via a valve (41) controlled according to the level of domestic hot water (21) of said tank (22), thus allowing the automatic filling said tank (22) by the cold water of the network.
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the sanitary hot water installation (5) of the habitat via an outlet (28) and an electric booster (6) thus allowing the supply of said water installation domestic hot water (5) by hot water (21) under pressure.
• a non-return valve (61) is placed between the tank (22) and the booster (6) allows the maintenance of the pressure during the shutdown of the booster.
• Said booster (6) is controlled as a function of the pressure downstream of said booster by the control means (62), thus maintaining a pressure between two predetermined values in the hot water installation (5)
• Said outlet (28) is connected upstream to the upper part of the domestic hot water (21) in the tank (22) by a conduit (271) and the end of said duct (271) is equipped with means ( 272) automatically positioned according to the domestic hot water level (21) of said inner tank (22)
• This adaptation of the suction height to the water level in the tank can be achieved using a flexible duct with a density greater than 1 whose end (input) is maintained just below the level of water. water by means (272) which is in this case a float for example.
• a calibrated recirculation duct (63) connects a point of the downstream circuit of said booster (6) to a point in the circuit. upstream of said booster (6), and for low flow to the tap, the recirculation flow is high allowing the operation of the booster (6) at an optimum internal flow.
• This control system is further improved by the addition of a limiter of pressure (64) placed in said recirculation duct (63), this pressure limiter (64) consists of a valve and a control system depending on the pressure downstream of said booster (6). Thus the said valve opens when the pressure exceeds a predetermined limit
• FIG. 3 A schematic representation in accordance with a second application of the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 3: application to a solar water heater with vacuum tubes.
• a vertical water heater has been illustrated.
• the present invention applies to any type of water heater and in particular horizontal water heater.
• This water heater (1) comprising a reservoir (2) containing sanitary hot water (21) at a relative pressure of less than 1 bar, said reservoir (2) consists of at least one internal tank (22). ) in contact with the domestic hot water (21), and an external covering (23) between which is placed a thermal insulator (24), and a heat source (3) for heating said hot water (21). ), in this case the heat source (3) is an electric heating element (8) and a vacuum tube solar collector (10) equipped with a collector (106),
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the cold water network (4) via a valve (41) controlled according to the domestic hot water level (21) of said tank (22).
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the sanitary hot water installation (5) of the habitat via an outlet (28)
• Said water heater (1) is installed in height and allows the domestic hot water system (5) to be fed by said outlet (28) by gravity,
• the cold water network allows the automatic filling of said tank (22) by the lower part to maintain stratification of the temperature in said tank (22).
• Said inner tank (22) is made at least 50% of its weight of polymer material.
• This tank can also be made of a packaging material of the trade in polymer material.
• Said tank (2) is connected to a solar thermal collector (10) comprising at least 3 vacuum glass tubes (103), said tube (103) is formed of at least one double glass wall (104), the space between the two glass walls is closed and emptied, the inner layer of the inner wall (105) of said tube (103) is covered with a layer of absorbent solar radiation.
• Said collector (106) is connected on the one hand to said tube (103) placed at a level below said manifold (106), and on the other hand to the lower part of said tank (22) by a conduit (91)
• the cold water (21) of said heavier tank (22) descends into said collector (106) and into said tube (103) to be heated by the solar radiation and then goes up by natural convection in said collector (106). ) and in said tank (22). Thus all the water (21) of said tank (22) is heated by said solar collector (10).
• said tank (22) is connected to a first air outlet (710) and on the other hand said manifold (106) is connected a second venting (9m) located above said first vent (710), thus in the absence of water in said tank (22) and in said sensor ( 10), a flow of ambient air is effected from the first vent (710) first passing through said tank (22) of polymeric material and then passes through said collector (106) to be heated this hot air is then evacuated by the said second vent (9m) by natural convection (chimney effect), and this air circulation can cool the said tank and evacuate much of the heat absorbed by the solar collector (10), thus avoiding a degradation of said tank (22) by excessive temperature.
• At least one of the vents is equipped with a valve, for this case a float (73) is placed in said tank (22) below said vent (710) which opens when the water level (21) falls below a predetermined value.
• thermodynamic water heater A schematic representation according to a third application of the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 4: application to a thermodynamic water heater
• a vertical water heater has been illustrated.
• the present invention applies to any type of water heater and in particular horizontal water heater.
• This water heater (1) comprising a reservoir (2) containing hot water (21) at a relative pressure of less than 1 bar, said reservoir (2) consists of at least one internal tank (22). ) in contact with domestic hot water (21), and an external covering (23) between which is placed a thermal insulation (24),
• the water heater is equipped with a heat pump (30) consisting of at least one compressor (301), a condenser (302) placed in the sanitary water (21) in the lower part of said tank (22), an expansion element (303) and an evaporator (304).
• a heat pump (30) consisting of at least one compressor (301), a condenser (302) placed in the sanitary water (21) in the lower part of said tank (22), an expansion element (303) and an evaporator (304).
• the said evaporator (304) is cooled by ambient air using a fan (30e).
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the cold water network (4) via a valve (41) controlled according to the level of domestic hot water (21) of said tank (22), thus allowing the automatic filling said tank (22) by the cold water of the network.
• Said internal tank (22) is connected to the sanitary hot water installation (5) of the habitat via an outlet (28) and an electric booster (6) thus allowing the supply of said installation d domestic hot water (5) by hot water (21) under pressure.
• a non-return valve (61) is placed between the tank (22) and the booster (6) allows the maintenance of the pressure during the shutdown of the booster (6).
• Said booster (6) is controlled as a function of the pressure downstream of said booster by the control means (62), thus maintaining a pressure between two predetermined values in the hot water installation (5)

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
• Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

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Cited By (4)

Citations (8)

• 2012
  • 2012-06-29 MA MA35021A patent/MA34794B1/ar unknown
  • 2012-10-15 WO PCT/MA2012/000022 patent/WO2014003526A1/fr active Application Filing

Patent Citations (8)

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