WO2013186785A1 - Procédés et systèmes intelligents à déplacement de fluide et leurs applications innovantes - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes intelligents à déplacement de fluide et leurs applications innovantes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013186785A1
WO2013186785A1 PCT/IN2013/000026 IN2013000026W WO2013186785A1 WO 2013186785 A1 WO2013186785 A1 WO 2013186785A1 IN 2013000026 W IN2013000026 W IN 2013000026W WO 2013186785 A1 WO2013186785 A1 WO 2013186785A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
ram
displacement
line
plunger
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PCT/IN2013/000026
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English (en)
Inventor
Sumbramaniam UDHAYAMARTHANDAN
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Udhayamarthandan Sumbramaniam
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Publication of WO2013186785A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013186785A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • F03B17/04—Alleged perpetua mobilia

Definitions

  • the invention is related to systems of ⁇ novel hydraulic Ram pumps, used for displacement of fluid collected into the system. More specifically it works like an automatic reciprocating ram pump capable of displacing fluid during pressure stroke and filling in during reversal motion of the ram, enhanced by buoyancy lift.
  • the systems evade the use of direct electricity or fuel power and work best as gravitational energy extractor / converter devices.
  • a pump is a device used to move fluids, such as gases, liquids or slurries.
  • a pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. Pumps alone do not create pressure; they only displace fluids, causing a flow. Adding resistance to flow causes pressure. Pumps fall into two major groups, positive displacement pumps and roto dynamic pumps. Their names describe the method for moving a fluid. FIG.
  • PA PMP.12 shows the schematic diagram of a commonly followed distant pumping systems of water from extraction source, consisting of water source S, Base Collection Tank BCT, pump set (PMP-Si), connected to uphead conduction pipe line Li, delivering water into first stage uphead collection tank ICT, optional overhead tank OHT b (shown in dotted lines).
  • the capacity of the pump is set based on hydraulic head to be pumped up and efficiency. Pumps consume round the clock energy during operation.
  • Novel hydraulic ram systems comprising- of fluid source, bottom collection tanks, floating ram connected with hollow air float, fluid loading unit, infeed & exit lines using direct or indirect fluid loading methods based on piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanisms.
  • An apex fluid supply tank is the extra part of indirect fluid loading ram systems.
  • the plunger mechanism being the most preferred system, due to lower friction and better efficiency than piston mechanism.
  • the downward vertical movement of the ram causes displacement of entrapped fluid in collection tank and the upward reversal movement of ram enhanced by buoyancy uplift of airfloat on release of water or pressure, leading to filling in of fluid into bottom collection tank.
  • This reciprocating ram pumps operate by mere gravitational energy and total weight of ram with fluid loaded into ram, and automatic buoyancy lift by Air float.
  • gravitational energy can be best harnessed using smart fluid displacement systems.
  • Archimedes principle of floating and immersion, Pascal's law of pressure equilibrium in hydraulic machine systems, law of conservation of energy, are best applicable to these ram systems.
  • these rams find vast innovative applications in hydropower generation for instant fluid recycling back to source, , mass water transport without direct electricity / fuel power, hydro ship propulsion and hydraulic machines like cranes.
  • the primary objective of the main invention is to lift water to higher altitudes by mere use of forces of nature, without the need for direct input energy.
  • the smart fluid displacement systems and methods unlike traditional pumping up operations, best make tactical use of gravity and antigravity forces feasible in fluid systems and air floats, thereby drastically reducing direct input power requirement.
  • the secondary objectives are instant recycling of water back to source after hydropower generation, major reduction of direct pumping power required, mass water transport, major fuel reduction in ship propulsion using new concept called hydro ship and application to cranes in harbours and ships.
  • FIG.SFD(IPS)-1 shows the vertical cross sectional view of a three units operated indirect fluid loaded system using piston mechanism. Whereas, alternate two units are sufficient, the third extra unit is meant for emergency breakdown services.
  • the system comprises of a bottom fluid collection tank Ei connected with exit line ELj fitted with exit valve EiV] leading to conduction line CL, conducting fluid to destined end point of discharge.
  • the hydraulic fluid loading unit Fi comprising of bottom Hollow Air float Hi A fitted with piston rings (PS), to which upper intermediate linkage cylinder IML, for storage of preloaded weight / fluid density addition to the ram, and fluid loading tank FT) above, the total vertical system (F,) being supported by guiders (Gd) for vertical movement.
  • the fluid from source (S) is conducted via infeed line IF, into either via top infeed line TIF into the Ram (F,) or bottom infeed line BIF into bottom collection tank Ej.
  • top infeed line TIF the infeed pipe is bored into the wall of Ei (sealed leak proof) further enters into slot space (SP) in IML, connected via flange and expandable hose (EH) fixed to top surface of hollow air float, linked to drain pipe DP bored radially via hollow air float body (leak proof), the bottom extended below H]A bottom and fitted with drain valve DV.
  • the role of expandable hose EH is critical to have continuity of fluid flow from source S into the downward moving Ram.
  • This circuit is meant for draining down fluid from source S via hollow air float top into bottom collection tank.
  • the fluid from source S can also be drawn into Ei by bottom infeed line BIF via valve IiVi.
  • the infeed options being case specific, based on effective release and rising level of fluid in E, .
  • the Apex fluid supply tank Gi fitted with clearing pump CP] attached with pipe line with foot valve FV contacting fluid in FT t .
  • Apex fluid supply tanks Gi /G 2 /G 3 are supplied with fluid from S by pump FP via piping and exclusive valves. Fluid from Gi can flow into FTi via flexible hoses fitted with control valves.
  • the purpose of clearing pump CP] is to clear up fluid from FT) via foot valve FV during upward stroke of Ram F,.
  • the respective exit lines ELi(unit 1) / EL 2 (unit 2) / EL 3 (unit 3) lead upwards to the required head of lift leading to downward conduction line CL meant for discharging of displaced fluid to distained end point. Similar configurations are applicable to unit 2 and unit 3 also.
  • Unit 1 is shown with bottom downward stroke of floating Ram F[ in Ei.
  • Inlet lines from source S (TIF or BIF) are closed, fluid is allowed to flow into FT] from Gi by gravity through flexible hose FH, causing increase in density / weight of Ram Fi to overcome the buoyancy floating equilibrium force, leading to immersion of Fi into pre stored fluid in E) (referring unit 2 position).
  • the scrapping action of pistons PS fitted to hollow air float Hi A, develop pressure in the entrapped space between Hi A bottom and Ei.
  • Exit valve EjVi being open, the hydraulic pressure developed due to the moving down Ram Fi lead to pressurized exit of fluid via exit line EL], up into conduction line CL leading to distained end point of discharge at a head of 'h'.
  • the weight of Ram, pre stored fluid weight in IML are designed to overcome frictional resistance of piston PS.
  • the float buoyancy capacity of HiA is based on volume of hollow air space in order to enhance reversal of F, on release of fluid load from FT] back to G ⁇ . That means the buoyancy floating equilibrium of F] prior to fluid loading in FT) is disturbed by way of density addition of the Ram by fluid loading in FT,, leading to downward movement pressure stroke of Fi in E, causing fluid displacement equivalent to volume of fluid loaded into FTj.
  • Unit 2 is shown with upward reversal stroke of floating Ram F 2 in E 2 .
  • Inlet lines from source S (TIF or BIF) are opened, fluid is allowed to flow back into G 2 from FT 2 by pumping action of CP 2 via foot FV, causing decrease in weight of Ram F 2 leading to floating reversal of F 2 over fluid in E 2 (referring unit 2 position).
  • the simultaneous pumping up of fluid from FT 2 to G 2 and entry of inflowing fluid from source in E 2 either via TIF or BIF lead to upward reversal lift of Ram F 2 in E 2 and reaches the topmost feasible point. This is the filling stroke of fluid into unit 2.
  • exit valve E 2 V 2 in line EL 2 is closed.
  • the fluid pumping energy to Apex fluid supply tank Gi can be eliminated by way of keeping the level of Gl below infeed fluid supply line. Accordingly, the tank capacity of E], volume of Fi can be progressively increased to render extra hydraulic pressure to lift water through exit line EL.
  • FIG.SFD(IPL)-2 shows the vertical cross sectional view of a two units operated indirect fluid loaded system using plunger mechanism. The major difference in this system being the absence of piston elements, rising of displaced fluid via annular space between Ram surface and the bottom collection tank extending upwards upto the delivery end head. Indirect fluid loading and unloading, charging fluid into Ei/E 2 from source are similar to piston mechanism.
  • the system comprises of a bottom fluid collection tank E ] having raised up level upto delivery head level 'h', fitted with overflow tray OFT ! encircumferencing the top portion having outlet -lines leading to conduction line CL conducting fluid to destined end point of discharge.
  • the hydraulic fluid loading unit F comprising of bottom Hollow Air float H ] A without piston elements, connected to upper intermediate linkage IML for pre loaded weight / fluid storage for density addition to the ram, above which fluid loading tank FT] is placed.
  • Ram Fi moves via reciprocally guiders (Gd).
  • the fluid from source (S) enters the Ram via infeed line IF], top infeed line TIF connected to expendable hose EH, coupled to hollow air float H]A top, drain pipe DP fitted with drain valve DV.
  • the role of expandable hose EH is critical to have continuity of fluid flow from source S into the downward moving Ram.
  • Bottom infeed line BIF can also be used for filling fluid into Ei from source S.
  • Slot space SP in Ram F ⁇ takes care of free movement of Fi against horizontal pipe line TIP.
  • FT] is connected to Apex fluid supply tank Gi via flexible hosing FH, pumping up from FT, to Gi is rendered by pumps CP] via foot valve FV.
  • the apex fluid supply tanks G 1 /G2 G3 are fed with fluid from source S via feed pump FP. Similar configuration is applicable to unit 2 also
  • Upward filling stroke Referring to position of unit 2, the upward filling stroke of Ram F 2 into bottom collection tank E 2 , when fluid is pumped up from FT 2 into G 2 by pump CP 2i the release of fluid load into F 2 and simultaneous inflow of fluid from source S into E 2 causes fluid level rise in E 2 , leading to upward reversal of Ram F 2 in E 2 .
  • This filling stroke continues till all the fluid from FT 2 is cleared up into G 2 .
  • the filled in volume in E 2 is equivalent to cleared up fluid volume from FT 2 to G 2 .
  • the alternate up and down reciprocal movement of plunger Ram in bottom collection tank lead to continuous displacement of fed in fluid from source S to end use point at a head level of 'h' .
  • FIG.SFD(DPS)-3 shows the vertical cross sectional view of a two units operated direct fluid loaded system using piston mechanism. In this system, the apex fluid supply tanks are eliminated and loading of Ram is taken care by direct entry of inflow fluid from source S.
  • the system comprises of a bottom fluid collection tank Ei connected with exit line ELi fitted with exit valve EjV], extending upward to the required hydraulic lift head 'h", leading into conduction line CL delivering fluid to end point of discharge.
  • Floating on the cushion fluid in Ei is the hydraulic fluid loading unit F, comprising of bottom Hollow Air float HjA fitted with piston rings (PS), to which upper intermediate linkage cylinder IML for storage of pre loaded weight / fluid to add density to the ram, and top placed fluid loading tank FT], the total vertical system (F,) being supported by guiders (Gd) for vertical movement.
  • Drain pipe DP connects bottom of FT, extends downwards through IML, bottom hollow air float H, A and further down into E, fitted with drain valves DV.
  • the fluid loading takes place under closed condition of drain valves DV and fluid release from FT ! takes place by opening of drain valves DV, downward via drain pipe DP.
  • Upward filling in stroke Referring to unit 2, under closed conditions of exit valve E 2 V 2 in exit line EL 2 , the fluid from tank FT 2 is released into drain pipe DP by opening of drain valves DV, The falling fluid via gravity from FT 2 raises the level of entrapped fluid in E 2 , and simultaneous release of fluid from FT 2 resulting in loss of weight / density of F 2 cause upward buoyancy lift of F 2 in E 2 and continues till complete release of fluid from FT 2 into E 2 .
  • the volume of filled in fluid in E 2 is exactly equal to volume of fluid released from FT 2 .
  • infeed line IF 2 is closed.
  • the system comprises of a bottom fluid collection tank Ei extending upwards till the distained delivery head level 'h' .
  • Encircumferencing the top open portion of Ei is overflow trough unit OFTi, discharging out fluid from Ei falling into conduction line CL, discharging displaced fluid to distained end point.
  • Floating on the cushion fluid in Ei is the hydraulic ram unit Fi comprising of bottom Hollow Air float HiA without piston elements, connected to upper intermediate linkage IML for storage of pre loaded weight / fluid to add density to the ram Fi, above which fluid loading tank FTi is placed.
  • the Ram surface walls -further extend above the level of OFT ! as per stroke length criteria required.
  • Ram F reciprocates vertically via guiders (Gd).
  • the fluid from source (S) enters the Ram via infeed line IF 1; top infeed line TIF connected to expandable hose EH, coupled to top surface of FT ⁇ Slot space SP in Ram Fj takes care of free movement of F] against horizontal pipe line TIF without hindrance.
  • Drain pipe DP fitted with drain valve DV connects bottom of FTi passes radially downward through IML, further into hollow air float 3 ⁇ 4A and further extends into Ej . Drain pipe DP facilitates transport of fluid from FT, into Ei without interfering into IML stored fluid.
  • the role of expandable hose EH is critical to have continuity of fluid flow from source S into the downward moving Ram.
  • Bottom infeed line BIF can also be used for service operation.
  • the hydraulic pressure required for rising of entrapped fluid in Ei via fluid exit slit FES / annular space between E, and F, is pre-designed based on material weight of Ram F,, pre-stored weight /fluid IML and loaded fluid in FT ] .
  • Volume of displaced fluid from Ei is exactly equal to volume of fluid loaded into FTi from source S via TIF. Similar configuration is applicable to unit 2 also.
  • Upward filling stroke Referring to position of unit 2, the upward return stroke of Ram F 2 into bottom collection tank E 2 is enhanced by release of fluid from FTi downward via drain pipe DP, under opened state of drain valves DV reaching down into E 2 . Simultaneous action of fluid release cum weight reduction of FT 2 and rising level of released fluid into E 2 causes upward buoyancy lift of F 2 into E 2 . The upward reversal motion gets stopped on completion of release of fluid from FT 2 in to E 2 by closure of drain valves DV. The filled in volume in E 2 is equivalent to cleared up fluid volume from FT 2 which is also the displacement volume.
  • plunger Ram in bottom collection tank lead to continuous displacement of fed in fluid from source S to end use point at head of 'h'.
  • the major advantages of direct fluid loaded system using plunger mechanism are 1) major reduction of friction and friction losses during displacement 2) avoiding of wear and tear of contact elements 3) smoother functioning 4) improved efficiency factor 5) simplicity of construction and reduction of components 6) Use of weight of flowing in fluid into systems without indirect loading externally.
  • the major disadvantages being the increased structural costs of bottom collection tanks and increased length of Rams.
  • the depth of bottom collection tanks need to be almost double compared to require fluid lift head 'h' apart from cushion fluid storage depth.
  • the fluid released transfer from upper hydraulic fluid loading tank FT] to bottom collection tank i via hollow air float H)A can be configured as a single larger pipe or evenly spaced multiple small size pipe. Higher the dia of drain pipe DP faster will be the released of fluid from FTi
  • FIG.SFD(DPL-TSC)-5 shows the vertical cross sectional view of a two units operated direct fluid loaded system using plunger mechanism with telescopic seal coupling placed between inner surface of bottom collection tank and outer surface of Ram . This is a modification of direct fluid loaded system using plunger mechanism by way of simplification and major reduction of structural heights.
  • the system comprises of a bottom fluid collection tank Ei extending upwards just above the feed in line TIF from source S.
  • the hydraulic fluid loading unit F comprising of bottom Hollow Air float HiA without piston elements, connected to upper intermediate linkage IML for storage of pre loaded weight / fluid to add density to the ram, above which fluid loading tank FTi is placed.
  • the top surface of FT] is closed and connected with expandable hose EH coupled to top infeed line TIF of infeed line IF] from source S.
  • drain pipe DP fitted with drain valves DV at top and bottom which extends radially through intermediate linkage IML, hollow air float H]A and further below.
  • the inner surface of bottom collection tank is fitted with upper inner orifice 10 to which fastened is a circular telescopic seal coupling / a flexible diaphragm , the bottom of which is fastened to outer orifice 00 of Ram F,.
  • This telescopic seal coupling blocks the fluid movement under pressure not to pass beyond level of 10 to move into the annular space area between ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • Telescopic seal coupling extends downwards and helps to prevent fluid entry above inner orifice 10 of E].
  • the hardness of outer surface of Telescopic seal coupling can be made harder to withstand pressure by metal discs / hard polymer discs embedment over the flexible diaphragm material surfaces.
  • the exit lines ELi originating from bottom of Hi A fitted with control valve CV and extend upwards via hollow air float Hi A, IML, FTi and further leading to upper conduction line CL, and CL discharging fluid to end point destination.
  • the mechanical advantage is determined based on the ratio of surface area of cross section of ram both Hi A to total cross section of exit line ELi. As fluid is completely loaded into FTi from source S, infeed line IF, and drain valve DV are closed. By this time an equal volume of fluid from E 1; equivalent to loaded fluid volume in FT ! is discharged up into upper conduction line CL and delivered to end use point.
  • Upward filling stroke Referring to position of unit 2, the upward return stroke of Ram F 2 into bottom collection tank E 2 is enhanced by release of fluid from FT] downward via drain pipe DP, under opened state of drain valves DV leading down into E 2 . Simultaneous action of fluid release cum weight reduction of FT 2 and rising level of released fluid into E 2 causes upward buoyancy lift of F 2 into E 2 . Under closed condition of control valve CV of exit lines EL 2 . The upward reversal motion of F 2 gets stopped on completion of release of fluid from FT 2 into E 2 by closure of drain valves DV. The filled in volume in E 2 is equivalent to cleared up fluid volume from FT 2 which is also the displacement volume.
  • plunger Ram with telescopic seal coupling in bottom collection tank lead to continuous displacement of fed in fluid from source S to end use point at a head of 'h'.
  • the telescopic seal coupling based direct plunger Rams facilitate drastic reduction of heights of vertical structures of bottom collection tanks and floating Rams. This system is the best featured version of smart fluid displacement systems and methods, by way of simplicity of construction, trouble free working, reduced structural costs and best working efficiency.
  • Indirect fluid loaded system with telescopic seal coupling mechanism In case of indirect fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system, instead of plunger mechanism, the plunger with telescopic seal coupling can be effectively for major reduction of costs of vertical structure.
  • FIG.SFD(IPL)-2 for indirect fluid loading system part and FIG.SFD(DPL-TSC)-5 for plunger -with telescopic seal coupling can be incorporated.
  • the exit line in this case can be preferably from exterior wall of bottom collection tank leading to conduction line CL and end point of discharge.
  • Bottom collection Tank The bottom collection tanks are designed to withstand heavy hydraulic pressure exerted by the Ram movement (piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling ) by suitable reinforcement and support structures. Preferably the circular cross section configuration is used, compared to other geometrical shapes.
  • the fluid exit lines ELi from bottom collection tank Ei are configured based on lift head ('h'), hydraulic pressure stability during pressure stroke , total cross sectional area based on flow Q sec rate as single or multiple. Size of bottom collection tank volume (cross sectional geometry, cross sectional area - width / length, height, cushion fluid support volume, stroke volume and length of hydraulic fluid loading unit, option on piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism.
  • the number of units used for displacement applications depends on Q sec flow rate, emergency / service units, construction costs etc.
  • the direct fluid loaded plunger based smart fluid displacement systems offer lowest friction.
  • the direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system applying plunger with telescopic seal coupling (TSC) features lowest construction costs of structure.
  • the hollow air float component is a critical feature of the invention, being responsible for the automatic antigravity reversal motion on release of upper loaded fluid into bottom collection tank. It is a sealed housing filled with air at normal atmospheric pressure.
  • the construction material can be of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Fibre Reinforced plastic (FRP) or Steel or suitable other polymeric material (poly carbonates etc), non corrosive surface coated (to avoid saline water corrosivity).
  • the hollow air float is to be attached to the bottom piston and upper vertical pole unit via proper holding mechanisms. In order to bear the compression stress during downward loading stroke and relief stress during upward unloading stroke, the hollow air float needs external metal plate reinforcement or combined external and internal reinforcement.
  • the hollow air floats can also be of a multiple (double, Triple or multiple) three dimensional units stacked and bound as per requirement.
  • the internal / external surface support reinforcements, thickness of hollow air float, specific volume, weight are based on compressive pressure load on hollow air float apart from total fluid head weight of the unit, which are decisive factors for expulsion of displaced fluid out from bottom collection tank.
  • the volume of hollow air float unit bears a relation to that of the volume equivalent / combined weight of the ram (material weight of ram, weight of load in IML and weight of fluid loaded in fluid loading tank) so that, reversal buoyancy lift of ram is feasible.
  • the piston elements can be single layer or multi layers to give balance of vertical movement. Coming to the piston material part, it can be chosen from vast raw materials like rubber, synthetic rubber, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene etc. Corrosion resistance, hardness, dimensional stability, abrasion resistance, non cracking tendency, strength, wear and tear life are to be taken into consideration.
  • the intermediate linkage IML connects hollow air float Hi A and bottom of hydraulic fluid loading tank FT] is a common feature of indirect or direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement systems. It also houses the dead weight / standard fluid storage meant for increasing the density of the Ram during the downward movement.
  • the Hydraulic fluid loading tank FTj is designed in proportional volume of displacement fluid (weight w) from bottom collection tank during the Rams (Fj)downward pressure stroke. Energy requirement of displacement quantity fluid from bottom collection tank during pressure stroke to a head of 'h' for a given efficiency of pumping ( ⁇ ) by normal pumping is as followed.
  • the effective stroke length of h 2 can be determined.
  • the right hand side factors of the equation 2 can be balanced by choosing any two factors and finding the third factor equating to equation 1.
  • the efficiency of Ram pressurization is estimated higher due to the absence of piston elements and hence is best preferred.
  • the efficiency is estimated much lower than plunger due to friction contact of piston surface and bottom collection tank inner surfaces.
  • the dead weight of the Ram quantity of fluid loaded in IML in consideration of reduced efficiency of the piston Ram can be proportionately increased compared to plunger system.
  • the plunger system is the best preferred mechanism due to the practical limitations of such a large area piston.
  • the direct plunger with telescopic sealed coupling TSC is expected to give superior efficiency due to ease of operation, reduction of structural costs, construction material and simplicity etc.
  • the -hydraulic pressure exerted over the entrapped surface fluid into the bottom collection tank is equalent to hydraulic pressure developed in the exit line (EL in case of direct loading systems or fluid exit slit (FES) gap between bottom collection tank inner surface and outer surface of the Ram, which confirms Pascal's Law of equilibrium of pressure in closed hydraulic circuit systems.
  • EL exit line
  • FES fluid exit slit
  • the input energy for displacement is based on mere forces of nature (dead weight, acceleration due to gravity and weight of fluid loaded into fluid loading tank FTi). Gravitational energy supported by flowing in fluid weight are instrumental for downward automatic movement of the Ram.
  • the reversal anti-gravity upward movement of the Ram is enhanced by mere fluid weight released into the system, the raising level of fluid in Bottom collection tank E ' i during filling stroke, the buoyancy reversal lift of hollow air float are instrumental in natural reverse movement of the Ram for upward stroke.
  • This novel reversal automatic movement of the Ram forms the heart of energy source of smart fluid displacement systems and methods.
  • Such a phenomenon happening in the operation of controlled lowering (immersion) and upward lifting of sub-marine ships in open sea is a non-obvious energy source.
  • a sub-marine equivalent floating Ram is placed in closed well (bottom collection tank) compared to open sea and its descending pressure energy is utilized.
  • Direct fluid loading systems are much efficient than indirect fluid loading systems due to the extra pumping energy requirement between FT) to G].
  • the plunger mechanism gives better efficiency than piston mechanism.
  • the ultimate superior system is the direct plunger based system using telescopic sealed coupling mechanism and hence it is the most preferred system amongst the six systems disclosed in this invention of smart fluid displacement systems and methods.
  • Guiders Towards vertical unshattered movement of the ram into bottom collection tanks, the vertical guiding mechanisms are very crucial.
  • Guiders fixed to body of bottom collection tank are grounded fixers can be wheels or balls or curved studs made of abrasion resistance materials guided by tracks or grooves or rack and pinion systems. The friction aspects of the guider should also be bare minimum.
  • Corrosion proof materials for fluid contact surfaces, pipes, valves need important considerations while handling saline and effluent waters.
  • FIG.SFD(HP AP)-6 shows the vertical cut view of combined configuration of 1) a Dam based hydro power plant with natural head / pumped storage hydro power plant having tail race. 2) Artificially from downward high head formed new class hydro power plant, by using direct plunger based smart fluid displacement system units.
  • the hydro power plant unit consists of fluid intake line IL, connected with fish protection device FP, leading to an intermediate forebay IFB, the penstock PS to take fluid downwards, leading to turbine unit TU coupled with alternator.
  • Water is taken from source S, used for power generation and is let down into draft tube DT by gravity next to the draft tube is the downward infeed line leading to plunger based smart fluid displacement system via infeed line IF and header Hd.
  • the alternate reciprocal action of the ram Ft and F 2 lead to delivery of collected water from hydro power plant, to uphead overflow trough and water is delivered back to forebay or at source S via conduction line CL.
  • the water after power generation can be let down into the plunger based smart fluid displacement system unit, pressurized and delivered back to source S from OFT) and conduction line CL.
  • FIG.SFD(HP AP)-7 shows the application of direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using telescopic seal coupling (TSC).
  • TSC telescopic seal coupling
  • FIG.SFD(HP AP)-8 a shows the vertical cut view of hydro power plants constructed within reservoir (Dam / barrage / lake / sea etc) applying direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger mechanism.
  • reservoir Dam / barrage / lake / sea etc
  • plunger mechanism direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger mechanism.
  • Such schemes are applicable where land areas are insufficient or unsuited for power plant construction. Places like Mid Sea, Island areas etc. can be preferably built with this type of within reservoir hydro power plants applying smart fluid displacement systems.
  • the support structures of the hydro power plant can be constructed on a floating ring structure also.
  • FIG.SFD(HP AP)-9 shows the vertical cut view of the hydro power plants constructed within reservoir (Dam / barrage / lake / sea etc) applying direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism.
  • water is withdrawn via a forebay line IFB & extraction line E)/EL 2 taken downwards for the required fluid head upto turbine unit TU, the falling water from turbine unit is alternatively conducted into bottom collection tank E ⁇ /E 2 , the downward plunger action of F]/ F 2 displaces entrapped fluid in E 1 /E 2 via fluid exit slit (FES), overflow trough (OFTi/OFT 2 ) and conducted back to source via conduction line (CL) via exit line ELi/EL 2 either as over head discharge above reservoir level via conduction line CL or as bottom delivery into the reservoir via bottom exit lines (BEL).
  • FES fluid exit slit
  • OFTi/OFT 2 overflow trough
  • BEL bottom exit lines
  • FIG.SFD(HP AP)-10 shows the configuration of a raised head tower based, Dam less continuous hydro power plant applying direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger mechanism.
  • water from any source S (Dam / Barrage / Run of river, pumped storage dam, running rivers, Canals, Lakes, large scale water storage points, sewage effluent treatment plants, sea coasts) is drawn from source via intake line IL, intermediate fore bay IFB, conducted down head by gravity flow alternately into floating rams Fi / F 2 based in bottom collection tank Ei / E 2 , the pressurization causes pre stored fluid in Ei / E 2 to get discharged fluid up head via fluid exit slit FES into high head tower (OT), thus forming a high head (h) above fluid source level above the ground as per requirement.
  • OT high head tower
  • the water from OT is released via penstock (C/3), used for hydro power generation from turbine unit TU, coupled to the alternator, and the free falling water from draft tube (DT) is conducted back to source (S) intermediate fore bay (IFB) or as per convenience.
  • source (S) intermediate fore bay
  • the Q sec flow rate of withdrawal water from source (S) flowing rate of water into smart fluid displacement system units, up head discharge rate out from smart fluid displacement system and out put Q sec from OT for power generation and discharge rate back to intermediate falling IFB are kept equal by control valves.
  • the novel feature of this type of recycled hydro power plant is that, the water into the flow circuit is responsible for ' power generation, without the need for Dam / Barrage, thus saving major civil costs and saves environment / ecological disasters of hydro power plants.
  • FIG.SFD(HP AP)-11 shows the raised head tower based hydro power plant applying direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using telescopic seal coupling (TSC) mechanism.
  • TSC telescopic seal coupling
  • the indirect / direct fluid loaded systems of smart fluid displacement systems using piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanisms are best applicable to mass water pumping without direct electrical or fuel energy.
  • the direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger with telescopic seal coupling is given a demonstration of mass water transport applications from source to end use points like building tops, over head tanks meant fof distance transport of water.
  • FIG.SFD (PMP AP) -13 shows the vertical cut view of a direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger mechanism meant for supply of water form source to end use destinations like building tops or high head towers meant for local or transport to distance sources using the high head advantage.
  • S source
  • hd header
  • FIG.SFD(PMP AP)-14 shows the vertical configuration of a direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism meant for fluid displacement into building top overhead tank (OHTj) or high head tank HHT] meant for transport of water to remote distance as bottom delivery line (BDL) or top delivery line (TDL).
  • OHTj building top overhead tank
  • HHT high head tank
  • BDL bottom delivery line
  • TDL top delivery line
  • TSC telescopic seal coupling
  • the water during down ward pressure stroke of the ram is delivered uphead via exit line s ELi EL 2 falls into high head tank HHT.
  • the stored water from high head tank HHT is further conducted to remote distance reservoirs WSR, /WSR 2 or others via gravity flow through respective conduction lines CL.
  • Wall WL is constructed above land, surrounding lake / pond to the required height so as to increase the storage space of the reservoir for long term use and thus system avoid overflow out discharges out sea without any use to land consumers. Absence of direct electricity / fuel power makes the applications more sustainable to solve the water needs of the society and ensures water for all anywhere.
  • FIG.SFD shows the vertical cut view of an open sea rainwater harvesting system, attached with direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism. It is a well known fact that 90% of fresh water rain falls back into the sea, which is a major fresh water resource loss to the planet. Cost of construction of dams, limited land area availability restricts, water storage option on land sources.
  • the smart fluid displacement system components like, hollow air float, and hydraulic fluid loading unit can be conveniently used up for rain water harvesting in open seas.
  • open floating tanks As the top of these open tanks are kept operied, during rain, fresh water falls into open floating tanks (FT,, FT 2 ,...etc) the fluid loading of which causes immersion of entire net work of floating tanks. The immersion is permissible upto maximum holding volume beyond which the contained water is allowed to over flow out. Extra collector hoppers arrangements in order to achieve larger rain water collection area is also possible. (HPR - shown in dotted lines). As per requirement, the fresh water from these floating storages can be conducted to the end use destinations via application of any one of the direct or indirect fluid loading smart fluid displacement systems ( piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanisms) via conduction lines.
  • the direct or indirect fluid loading smart fluid displacement systems piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanisms
  • the invention can be made usable at aquatic/marine vessels for deriving propulsion energy for movement, as well as meeting electrical power demands of the ship during movement as well as at stoppages.
  • the invention is adaptable to vessels traveling in stagnant aquatic sources like Seas, Bays, Oceans and Lakes.
  • FIG.SFD (SH AP)-17 shows the vertical cut view of a direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system applied plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism using weight of falling water applied hydro ship.
  • This hydro ship is comprised of two main units I & II. Unit I is made of main ship body (M.S) attached to bottom hydro turbine unit.
  • Unit II is made of intermediate water conduction from unit I to smart fluid displacement system encompassed in a second ship float (SSF).
  • Unit I and unit II are linked by flexible chain or rope linkage (LCi, LC 2 , LC 3 , LC 4 ) just for the reason to avoid the up and down oscillation of unit II, which can disturb the balance of unit I. .
  • the main ship body of unit I houses the bottom down head hydro power turbine unit, which is attached to the bottom by means of fish protection covers FPi, leading to horizontal extraction line 2 via gate valve Gi with handle.
  • Line 2 takes down a downward bend as Penstock (3), which in turn leads to waterjet end which moves the bottom turbine unit Di .
  • These hydro turbines can be of a single configuration or double turbine configuration as demonstrated in this description or of manifold as per design criteria.
  • the down head turbine units Dj, D 2 operate from two bottom sides of the ship, at a hydraulic head level 'hi 'which in turn is taken to the respective gear boxes GBi and GB 2 via connecting shafts CST!
  • the gear boxes can deliver the drive either to both side fitted paddle wheels PW b PW 2 or drive connection shafts CS,, CS 2 which in turn give drive to bottom base propellers (BPPL, and BPPL 2 ).
  • BPPL bottom base propellers
  • the turbines T] and T 2 in turn will run the propulsion drive (paddle wheels or back propellers) via mechanical or electrical transfer drives.
  • the mechanical motion can also be utilized for lighting and other service needs of ship by proper manipulation (line generators).
  • the hydro power generation system is responsible for the propulsion and other energy needs of the ship.
  • the task of turbine outlet fluid disposal back into reservoir, by means of effective pumping out system applying good deal of mechanical advantage, facilitated by fluid behaviour, gravity and antigravity forces is provided by smart fluid displacement systems.
  • the outlet water from turbines Ti and T 2 is conducted via draft tubes DT ( and DT 2 ending in a common header (Hd) which in turn is connected to inner flexible hose (IFH), ending in inlet valve line to bottom collection tanks or E 2 via valves E 1 V 1 and E 2 V 2 .
  • the turbine outlet water from Ti and T 2 is alternatively allowed to be accumulated down head in E) and E 2 ,which in turn is cleared out by means of alternate downward stroke of hydraulic fluid loading unit.
  • valve Gj/G 2 On opening of valve Gj/G 2 in main ship , the flowing water downhead runs turbines T ! &T 2 ( leading to main propulsion ship drive systems.
  • the falling water from T]&T 2 conducted downhead via drafts tube (DTi/DT 2 ) is taken to sub-ship fixed plunger based smart fluid displacement system.
  • the alternate plunger action of Fi/F 2 in Ei/E 2 results in fluid displacement from Ej/E 2 upward via fluid exit line EL (by over head discharge or bottom head discharge back to sea / reservoir).
  • Indirect / direct fluid loaded systems using piston or plunger or plunger with telescopic seal coupling the direct fluid loaded plunger with telescopic seal coupling is best suited.
  • FIG.SFD(SH AP)-18 shows the vertical cut view configuration of a main ship (MS) being supplied with propulsion electrical energy from attached sub-ship with generator (SSG) using raising up level based direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism.
  • MS main ship
  • SSG sub-ship with generator
  • the risks of hydro turbine provision below the main ship body, is the limitation of movement of the ship restricted to deep waters, risk of damage to bottom turbine & sub ship bottom assembled by underwater rocks or wreckages.
  • the dynamic balancing again is a constrain.
  • This category significantly facilitates simplicity of main ship (MS) and sub-ship (SSG) constructions, as well as conversion scope of existing ships with least modification by way of provision of sub-ship with generator attachment (capacity based on main ship capacity plus sub-ship weight) and conversion of fuel propelled IC engines into electrical motors of suitable capacity or still maintaining the IC engines partly for emergency operational services apart from major adaptation to electrical motor based propulsion.
  • MS main ship
  • SSG sub-ship
  • FIG.SFD(SH AP)-18 shows the vertical cut view of the main ship (MS) being supplied with propulsion electrical energy from attached sub-ship with generator (SSG) using raising up level based direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system applying plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism.
  • the main ship with capacity load (LD) derives electrical supply from generator (GNi & GN 2 ) placed at sup-ship via transfer lines (TL).
  • Electrical conduction unit (ECU) in main ship (MS) via conversion gadgets like transformer feeds electricity to run the main propulsion motor (M) which is linked to gear box (GB).
  • Mechanical drive from (gear or hydraulic drives) gear box is used to run the bottom placed propellers BPPLi & BPPL 2 or more numbers as per construction design.
  • the sub-ship assembly with generator is constructed to the body of air float (FL), bottom protection housing for direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement unit, primary generator (GN 2 ), fluid infeed lines from reservoir (S) and conduction lines etc.
  • the pressurized fluid from direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system is transferred to high head placed vertical tower (VT) with top overhead tank (OT).
  • Fluid from source (S) via fish protection device (FP) via gate control (g,) is conducted via line B/2 into the prime turbine unit (DO which houses turbine (Ti) mechanically connected to electrical generator (GNi).
  • the falling water from turbine (Tj) falls into draft tube (DT), taken via bottom conduction line (CLi) leading to downward placed header (hd).
  • fluid is alternately transferred to the direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement units FpE ! and F 2 -E 2 via respective lines L
  • Each of F]-E ! and F 2 -E 2 smart fluid displacement units are comprised of hydraulic fluid loading tanks FT] / FT 2 , hollow air floats HiA / H 2 A moving into respective bottom collection tanks Ei or E 2 . Drain pipes (DP) in F ] /F 2 renders transfer of fluid from FTVFT 2 into Ei/E 2 and also enhancing anti-gravity upward movement of F[/F 2 in Ei E 2 .
  • /E 2 can be lifted up via exit lines Iai/Ia 2 through exit valves EIVi EIV 2 leading to uphead placed vertical tower fitted with top overhead tank (OT) during the downward pressurization stroke of Fi in Ei or F 2 in E 2 .
  • the top face of OT is kept closed by top lid to avoid fluid splashing out during movement.
  • Fluid from OT can be conducted downhead either via neck point (N placed top line (TL) or bottom line C 2 /3 fitted at bottom point in OT fitted with bottom point valve (BPV).
  • Conduction lines C]/3 or C 2 /3 form equallent hydraulic head (ht).
  • fluid can be filled only upto neck point (Ni) to take up (downward conduction via top line (TL), valve TPV and penstock Ci/3) or of full volume level in total of OT, downward conduction via line C 2 /3 and valve BPV).
  • Both lines Cj/3 and C 2 /3 lead downward into turbine unit (D 2 ) fitted with turbine (T 2 ) which is linked to second electricity generator (GN 2 ).
  • the used up water from turbine (T 2 ) is taken downwards via draft tube (DT 2 ) to exit lines (EL) delivering fluid back into reservoir source (S) by gravity.
  • the electrical output from GN] and GN 2 can be transferred to the main ship electrical connection unit (ECU) via transfer lines (TL) with suitable protection and flexible coilages.
  • the total output of GNi & GN 2 can be effectively utilized for all operations involved in main ship and second ship with generator towards propulsion, lighting, operating of pumps and other utilities which are based on design of construction.
  • Protection housing (PH) takes care of all bottom placed working units below float (FL) the uphead placed fluid tanks OT, turbine unit, generator and fluid conduction lines are all properly fixed to the sub-ship (SSG) by suitable foundation and supports.
  • the main ship and sub-ship are linked by means of flexible chains or ropes LCi, LC 3 on top and LC 2 , LC at bottom. This flexible linkage restricts oscillations of fluid movement restricted to sub-ship (SSG) only.
  • the vertical tank (OT) can be made conically shaped, to prevent water tumbling within the tower during in ship's movement.
  • FIG.SFD(SH AP)-19 shows the vertical cut view of a direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using plunger with telescopic seal coupling mechanism applied without under water apex fluid supply tank using piston / piston cum plunger mechanisms applied underwater immersible ships.
  • Construction The bottom, placed hydro turbine propulsion is applicable to underwater immersible ship propulsion, meant for underwater explorations / marine life study vessels, submarines etc.
  • the overall system comprises of an immersible ship (IMS), which is connected to downhead placed smart fluid displacement unit housed by protection housing PH.
  • IMS immersible ship
  • a vertical cable pipe housing (CPH) / trunk Connected to the open end of downhead placed smart fluid displacement system is a vertical cable pipe housing (CPH) / trunk, to which extents a spindle (SP), supporting coils of air hose (AH ] ) meant for air supply to bottom protection housing (PH) as well to outershell of main ship IMS.
  • Cable pipe housing (CPH) is connected by a flexible trunk (FLT) ( leak proof into CPH), which is connected to cable support float (CSF).
  • Air hose line (AH 2 ) is meant for air supply to the shell of IMS. Where as cable support float. (CSF) always remain at top of water by floating, the coils of Air Hose (AH]) can be extended as per downward head (hd) immersible ship (IMS) position under water.
  • the whole assembly is connected in by suitable linkage, such that when ship (IMS) moves, protection housing PH, cable support float CSF also moves along with.
  • the immersion ship (IMS) is comprised of outer shells (OS) and inner shell (IS).
  • the water space (WS) between OS & IS is responsible for downward immersion of immersible ship (IMS) by water loading and expulsion of water by air entry, which causes upward lift of IMS due to reduction of density.
  • the inner space surrounded by inner shell (IS) houses all controls, drive, crew movement and other activities.
  • Entry valve (EV) is used for fluid entry and exit valve (EXV) is responsible for fluid expulsion.
  • IMS Connected to the front end of IMS are single or double or higher number of fluid entry lines B/2 via gate valve g,, g 2 , etc., and fish protection devices FV], FV 2 ..etc, line B/2 takes downward bend leading to turbines units Di,D 2 etc comprised of turbines T], T 2 , etc which in turn are linked to the connection shafts CS 1 ; CS 2 ,etc. giving drive to bottom placed propellers BPPLi, BPPL 2 , etc. via gear box (GB).
  • the outlet water from turbines Ti, T 2 is taken via line IF through outlet valve (OV) into downhead header (hd) connected to downhead placed floating rams Fi & F 2 via respective valves E 1 V 1 & E 2 V 2 .
  • Conduction line (CL) is protected by outer piping (OP) linking IMS bottom and protection housing (PH) of downhead placed smart fluid displacement system.
  • Water falling from turbine via 'hd' is alternately let down into FT) or FT 2 via control valves EjVi or E 2 V 2 , the fluid loading of which expels pre-loaded fluid in bottom collection tanks Ei or E 2 via respective exit valves ⁇ , EIV 2 to be expelled out by bottom exit line (lb).
  • the required atmospheric air pressure is taken care by air hose cable (AH)) held in support by CPH, FLT and CSF floating unit.
  • the main ship IMS and all the fluid expulsion units PH, CPH are linked by fixers (FX) at suitable points.
  • the study state dynamic motion of the whole unit can be a balanced design feature.
  • the increasing head (hd) takes care of fluid pressure in the reservoir and turbine force increases with increase in downward head (hd).
  • the mutual weight aspects of all components, propulsion force requirement and other energy needs of the ship can be suitably incorporated in the design criteria.
  • the falling out fluid from turbines is cleared away back into the reservoir (R) by the alternate self pumping pressurization of Fi(FTi-HiA) and F 2 (FT 2 -H 2 A) in E]/E 2 respectively via exit line (Ib),facilitated by the action of plunger with Telescopic seal coupling.
  • the air hose line (AHi) flexibly suspended from cable support float (CSF) takes care of atmospheric air pressure requirement into protection housing (PH).
  • IMS needs to be taken to the reservoir surface, fluid from water space (WS) can be replaced by air entry lifting the whole assembly upwards.
  • the tprbine power can be utilized for air replacement in the WS by disconnection of propulsion drive.
  • the second Air hose line AH 2 leading to outer shell (OS) can be used to release water from immersible Ship IMS, by gravity into conduction line CL, to be delivered under pressure -into sea using bottom placed smart fluid displacement system held in protection housing PH. This eliminates need for used of compressed air to expel water from submarine to lift up.
  • Propulsion power calculation of the ship Assuming the IC engine capacity of 2000 kW for a ship of 50000 tonnes, as per general consumption levels, 25000 liters of oil will be consumed per day. This power is meant for main ship body and cargo load, which is the total carrying capacity of 50000 tonnes. Based on such Kw assumption and total tonnage of ship, the hydro electric equivalent rating of propulsion power can be calculated, taking into consideration of additional pulling loads of sub ship fitted with smart fluid displacement system, bottom hydro turbine unit, joint trunks etc.
  • FIG.SFD(HDL AP)-20 show the vertical cut view of a free floating indirect fluid loaded Smart fluid displacement system with out apex fluid supply tank applicable for Cranes / Lever moving device, applicable in harbours, coastal dredging, ship loading and unloading operations. Unlike piston based smart fluid displacement systems and methods, here no bottom collection tanks, piston etc are used. Construction : Referring to FIG.SFD(HDL AP)-20, the whole set up is erectable in a fluid reservoir (R) (sea, lake etc).
  • R fluid reservoir
  • FTi fluid loading tank
  • HiA hollow air float
  • a fluid clearance pump (CP) is fitted near the top of FT] being supported by hollow air float (HiA) top base, foot valve (FV) placed at the bottom of FTi is connected to clearance pump (CP), connected to the vertical pole (VL) is a lever (LR) supported by two fulcrum points FLi & FL 2 .
  • the other end of lever is connectable to hoist pulleys or hooks or baskets or other elements as per end use.
  • guiders (gd) fixed to suitable pillars or harbours fixers or ship fixers. Based on the principle of couple ' forces and lever mechanism, suitable mechanical advantage (lifted weight distance / movement distance of VL).
  • lever (LR) As FLj moves down, lever (LR) is pulled down which in turn causes the other end of lever (load LD) to move up.
  • the load LD can be taken to the required destination.
  • the lever (LR) After reaching the unloading points, the lever (LR) is loaded down by the lifting of fulcrum point (FL ⁇ . This can be enhanced by clearing out fluid from FT[ via clearing pump CP evacuating fluid from FT] to fall back into reservoir (R). As clearing pump (CP) is switched on, it is important to see that fluid entry valves EV are kept in closed condition. As all the fluid in FTj is cleared FTi-H)A hydraulic fluid loading unit moves to the upper most floating position.
  • the leverage mechanical advantage, lifted weight versus quantity of fluid loaded in FT] are designable based on principle of couple / leverage principles. This attachment can be made to cranes in harbors, ships or coastal dredging units, thus gravity fluid loading and anti-gravity fluid unloading can be best utilized for improved energy efficiency. Suitable auxiliary movements as per requirements can also be incorporated. The electricity and fuel costs can be tremendously saved.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-21A As per FIG.SFD(EP)-21A, within a larger outer vessel VSf a smaller inner vessel VS 2 (equivalent to bottom collection tank E]) was placed and filled with water.
  • An air filled spherical ball (equivalent to Hollow air float HiA) having inner dia smaller than VSi was placed on water surface of VS,.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-21B On immersing the ball into the fluid held in VSi by pressure (FIG.SFD(EP)-21B), water from VS, was found overflowing out into outer vessel VS).
  • the ball On release of pressure above the ball, the ball automatically raised up (FIG.SFD(EP)-21C) to float above the residual water level in VS 2 .
  • FIG.SFD(EP).22A shows the simulation of bottom collection tank Ei filled with water on to which hollow air float ball H,A is placed floating and a smaller volume inner cylinder resembling fluid loading tank (FT t ) was placed above H t A.
  • fluid was filled manually from cup Gi (resembling apex fluid supply tank), causing increasing of weight of the ram, first stage pouring upto level of water in Ei to reach just the top of Ei and further pouring in measured quantities resulted in overflow out discharge of water from E,. Equaling volume of water poured into FT,, the proof for hydraulic fluid loading downward movement of Ram.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)- 22C on simultaneous suction clearing of water from FT !
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-23A shows the simulation setup on outer bottom collection tank Ej, infeed line IF], floating ram F, comprising of bottom hollow air float barrel (H]A) above which hydraulic fluid loading tank FT, is placed.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-23B shows the downward pressure stroke of the ram Fi by loading of fluid manually into FTi from cup Gi(verification of downward pressure stroke of the ram by fluid loading under infeed valve closed condition).
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-23C shows the reversal anti-gravity upward buoyancy lift of the ram Fiby fluid released out from FT] by siphoning out and simultaneous infeed fluid entry by opening of infeed pipe IFj.
  • Simulation Test for Indirect fluid loaded Smart fluid displacement system using Piston Mechanism As per in FIG.SFD(EP)-24B, a simulation setup of infeed fluid source tank S, having downward infeed line IF ! (fitted with inlet valve IjVi) leading to bottom collection tank E 1; fitted with exit line EL (with exit valve E)Vj)and uphead discharge delivery ends at level Lj and L 2 .
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-24A shows the upward anti-gravity buoyancy lift of empty ram F) enhanced by supply of water from source S via infeed line IFI (infeed valve IiV t being opened) and exit valve EiV) in exit line E
  • Ram Fi stops at top most filling level of E, from S. Confirmation of upward reversal movement of the ram due to buoyancy lift caused by charging in fluid El.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-25A shows the simulation setup of bottom collection tank E ( with overflow trough OFT
  • the floating ram assembly having bottom hollow air float H]A, intermediate linkage IML and upper fluid loading tank FT].
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-26A shows the simulation of a direct fluid loaded smart fluid displacement system using piston mechanism.
  • the bottom collection tank Ei is fitted with bottom infeed line IF] fixed with infeed valve IiVi.
  • the exit line EL is connected to the exit line EL, fitted with EiV, and two levels of high head discharge point at levels Lj and L 2 with specific control.
  • Placed inside Ei and above the cushion fluid level in E, (FIG.SFD(EP)- 26A is the floating ram F, fitted with hollow air float (H,A) with pistons PS, intermediate linkage IML for permanent fluid or high density metals storage.
  • H,A hollow air float
  • IML intermediate linkage IML for permanent fluid or high density metals storage.
  • the space above IML is assumed as direct fluid loading tank at FTi.
  • H)A, IML and bottom of FTi are connected by drain pipe DP fitted with drain valve DV.
  • a removal plug (PLG) is placed up to the bottom of FT] taking care of fluid loading into FT] under closed conditions enhanced downward movement of Fi and Ei causing overhead displacement to levels Li and L 2 .
  • the ram is the guider simulation Gd was also provided via clamps and bearings contacting FT] outer surface during movement.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-26B shows the downward movement of F t in E) on closure of drain valve DL.
  • Verification of pressure stroke Under floating condition of Fi and E] with pre filled water or density material in IML takes care of extra pressure required for the discharge of entrapped fluid in Ei to reach discharge levels Li or L 2 via exit line EL. This is ensured by entry of the ram over pre filled water level in Ei and adjusting weight of ram, weight of fluid or density material added to intermediate linkage IML which causes fluid displacement upto level Li or L 2 .
  • inlet valve I)Vi is closed and exit valve EiV] opened and predetermined volume of water is manually loaded into FTi.
  • the simulation setup consists of bottom collection tank Ei fitted with inlet feed line IF] and inlet valve LV), mainly meant for service operation.
  • the top mouth of Ei is fitted with overflow trough OFTi with conduction lines CL.
  • the floating ram Fi is comprised of bottom hollow air float HiA, intermediate linkage IML (meant for additional fluid or material storage required to add pressure to the ram), fluid loading compartment FTi above IML and also fitted with plug PLG sealing drain pipe DP fitted with drain valve DV meant for transport of fluid from ram into E, .
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-29A,B,C,D demonstrates various stages of fluid discharge levels from Ei based on ram Fi movement.
  • Stage A Pre stored water in bottom collection tank E ! almost above 50% capacity of E).
  • Stage B Entry of empty floating ram F
  • the weight of empty ram results in fluid raise in Ei via fluid exit slit FES (annular space upto level Li, the empty ram descending in Ei based on its weight).
  • Level raise volume in Ei upto level Li is equivalent to weight of ram F](based on Archimedes principle).
  • the level raise ' is also based on surface area of ram Fi cross section and area of FES as per Pascal's Law of equilibrium in hydraulic pressure system.
  • Stage C Water is loaded into IML (under closed conditions of plug PLG) upto the result of fluid raise in FES reaching just the top mouth level of OFT]. This stage is addition to the weight of the ram to overcome required pressure to lift water from E) upto level of OFT].
  • Stage D Predetermined level of water was further loaded into FTj (under closed conditions of plug PLG) resulting in fluid overflow discharge out from OFT ] via annular space FES. This water was collected and measured for volume or weight which was equivalent to weight or volume of water loaded into FT,. On controlled release of water from FT ! by removal of plug PLG, the ram was found reaching position as per stage C, confirming the fact that the volume or weight of water released from FTi into Ej is equivalent to charged fluid in FT].
  • Stage C figure is demonstrated in FIG.SFD(EP)'-26A. This experiment was repeated in several time to reach the fundamental energy equation involved in the fluid displacement system, the simulation setup for displacement volume of 8 liters to head level of 1.5 to 1.75 meters was constructed and all the above said stages A, B,C, D were found confirming to the following basic equation.
  • Displacement fluid weight M w 3 (loaded weight of fluid in FT] in this case)
  • a higher weight of the ram is moved to a smaller distance equaling the smaller weight of displacement fluid weight by a higher distance, a balancement of hydraulic couple system.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-28.1A shows the simulation setup consisting of bottom collection tank E, and the moving ram Fj having bottom hollow air float (Hi A) fitted with centralized exit line pipe EL) via conduction line CL connected with control valve CV and the bottom placed inverse funnel.
  • the bottom outer orifice (00) of hollow air float Hi A and top inner orifice (IO) of bottom collection tank are connected by telescopic sealed coupling using polythene sheet diaphragm, in order to prevent fluid exit via space between (inner of Ej and outer of H)A) during pressure stroke.
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-28.2A shows the simulation setup consisting of bottom collection tank E, fitted with exit line ELi along with exit valve EiV).
  • the floating ram setup Fi comprising of bottom hollow air float (H[A), intermediate linkage space IML (filled with sand or equivalent weight of water in order to provide additional hydraulic pressure during displacement as well as overcoming resistance of the flexible diaphragm (TSQ), a hollow space FTi above IML in order to hold loading fluid into the ram Fp
  • a drain pipe DP passes through IML top hollow air float H]A and bottom placed drain valve DV.
  • the bottom of FTi is sealed via mechanical plug PLG guided by inner guides Gd.
  • the bottom outer orifice (00) of hollow air float Hi A and the top position inner orifice (10) of Ei are connected via polyethylene or telescopic sealed coupling using flexible Rexene segments (TSC).
  • Verification of downward pressure stroke As per FIG.SFD(EP)-28.2A, the empty ram F ! without fluidjn FT) is kept placed on E, using telescopic sealed coupling and water is filled into E, by opening of valve E,V, through top level feed into EL] .
  • the filling level of water in Ei keeps the floating ram F
  • plug PLG is inserted to close drain line DL, predetermined volume of water is filled in FT] manually, the added density resulting in downward descending of ram Fi in E).
  • the pressurized water in Ei by combined action the descending ram F, and blocking effect of diaphragm TSC forces entrapped water in Ei to get displaced uphead via exit line ELi (under exit valve EjV
  • Verification of upward buoyancy based anti-gravity reversal movement of ram A shown in FIG.SFD(EP)-28.2A, on opening of plug PLG, water from FT] close downward through drain line DL into E ⁇ .
  • the raising level of water in Ei causes buoyancy based antigravity lifting of ram Fi to preset top position on complete draining of water in E].
  • the TSC diaphragm shrinks down during the stroke.
  • the upward and downward strokes were repeated many times for verification of consistency.
  • the telescopic sealed coupling mechanism based plunger calls for additional energy for displacement to overcome the resistance of the diaphragm TSC which can be enhanced by adjusting weight of material or fluid stored in IML space.
  • FIG.SFD(EP).30A Construction of a simulation ship fitted with bottom hydro turbine unit : As shown in FIG.SFD(EP).30A, the simulation ship with bottom fitted hydro turbine unit was constructed on the following basis. Two hollow air sealed PVC floats (FLi, FL 2 ) were linked by bottom support frame (SPF) which inturn was linked to bottom clamps CL b means of metal strips MSj and MS2. The clamps were fastened to Turbine Housing (TH), which inturn was housing two turbines Ti and T 2 fed fluid via entry lines Q and C 2 (resembling Penstocks) vertically attached to turbine housing (TH). The turbines Ti and T 2 were mounted on bottom shaft BS fitted with bearings at ends to the housing TH.
  • SPF bottom support frame
  • CL b means of metal strips MSj and MS2.
  • the clamps were fastened to Turbine Housing (TH), which inturn was housing two turbines Ti and T 2 fed fluid via entry lines Q and C 2 (resembling Penstocks) vertically attached to turbine housing (TH).
  • bottom shaft BS was linked to upper placed paddle wheel shaft (PS), fitted on both ends of the shop float by bearings.
  • the upper shaft had extended paddle wheels PWi and PW2, placed on both ends.
  • the bottom of the turbine housing (TH) was linked to Draft tube(DT).
  • a belt drive BL connected bottom shaft of turbine and upper paddle shaft.
  • FIG.SFD (EP)-30A the simulation float ship was placed in a water filled reservoir (R) having a water infeed line with valve IV].
  • the simulation ship unit's bottom draft tube was tightly linked to a flexible hose line (FH), the open end of (FH) having linked to an exit tube fixed on the tank wall jW, closable using cork CK 3 .
  • FH flexible hose line
  • the tank was filled at level hi and water infeed valve IV, is kept open.
  • the float ship was set at line position L
  • FIG.SFD(EP)-31A The sub ship assembly prior to fluid displacement is shown in FIG.SFD(EP)-31A.
  • the sub ship SS is constructed by a sealed PVC Air float (SS/AFS), to which a bottom collection tank Ei BCT (resembling a single unit of bottom collection tank in sub ship float) was inserted and filled with water, assuming the position of charged water from turbine down flow from hydro ship over the surface of water in E, the floating plunger ram F, (with bottom hollow air float H ⁇ A and fluid loading tank FT,) was placed and water manually loaded in FT,(as shown FIG.SFD(EP)-31A).
  • SS/AFS sealed PVC Air float
  • FIG.SFD(HDL AP)-20 A simulation experiment setup similar to demonstration in FIG.SFD(HDL AP)-20 was constructed using a 200 liter barrel (R) is filled with 80% of water to represent a reservoir.
  • the bottom of FTi is fitted with fluid entry valves (EV) at both sides and bottom. At the floating top most position, fluid entry valves (EV) are under closed condition.

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  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des systèmes intelligents à déplacement de fluide et leurs applications. Les systèmes intelligents à déplacement de fluide comprennent des réservoirs de récupération inférieurs équipés de conduites d'entrée et de sortie pourvues de soupapes de régulation recevant le fluide tombant par gravité de la source, à l'intérieur desquels se trouve un piston-plongeur flottant assemblé à un système aéroporté creux au niveau d'un espace de liaison intermédiaire inférieur pour le stockage de charge/fluide taré destiné à ajouter de la densité au piston et un réservoir de chargement de fluide placé sur la partie supérieure. La charge de fluide peut provenir d'une source indirecte passant par un réservoir d'alimentation en fluide supplémentaire ou d'une source directe. Des unités des systèmes de déplacement peuvent utiliser un piston ou un plongeur ou un plongeur à mécanismes télescopiques à accouplement étanche pour développer la pression. Les systèmes intelligents à déplacement de fluide pourvus de pistons-plongeurs facilitent l'extraction de l'énergie gravitationnelle utile grâce au poids total du piston-plongeur, au comportement du fluide et à l'effet de flottabilité antigravitationnel du système aéroporté creux.
PCT/IN2013/000026 2012-01-14 2013-01-15 Procédés et systèmes intelligents à déplacement de fluide et leurs applications innovantes WO2013186785A1 (fr)

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IN4364/CHE/2011 2012-01-14
IN4364CH2011 2012-01-14

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108547724A (zh) * 2018-05-08 2018-09-18 李汉明 能利用水力发电余水动能的水力发电系统
CN113406887A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-09-17 日照坤仑智能科技有限公司 自适应六自由度气浮仿真试验台及其计算方法

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US3934964A (en) * 1974-08-15 1976-01-27 David Diamond Gravity-actuated fluid displacement power generator
CN1487206A (zh) * 2003-08-04 2004-04-07 王义靖 浮升式重力泵
US20060045767A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-02 Alvin Liknes Method And Apparatus For Removing Liquids From Wells
GB2417990A (en) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-15 Linde Ag Hydrostatic displacement unit
CN1760538A (zh) * 2004-10-16 2006-04-19 厉弟松 能源生产的诸多方法及装置
CN101201044A (zh) * 2007-11-14 2008-06-18 彭桂生 类连通器结构的浮力提水机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934964A (en) * 1974-08-15 1976-01-27 David Diamond Gravity-actuated fluid displacement power generator
CN1487206A (zh) * 2003-08-04 2004-04-07 王义靖 浮升式重力泵
US20060045767A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-02 Alvin Liknes Method And Apparatus For Removing Liquids From Wells
GB2417990A (en) * 2004-09-14 2006-03-15 Linde Ag Hydrostatic displacement unit
CN1760538A (zh) * 2004-10-16 2006-04-19 厉弟松 能源生产的诸多方法及装置
CN101201044A (zh) * 2007-11-14 2008-06-18 彭桂生 类连通器结构的浮力提水机

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108547724A (zh) * 2018-05-08 2018-09-18 李汉明 能利用水力发电余水动能的水力发电系统
CN108547724B (zh) * 2018-05-08 2024-05-07 李汉明 能利用水力发电余水动能的水力发电系统
CN113406887A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-09-17 日照坤仑智能科技有限公司 自适应六自由度气浮仿真试验台及其计算方法
CN113406887B (zh) * 2021-06-25 2022-02-22 日照坤仑智能科技有限公司 自适应六自由度气浮仿真试验台及其计算方法

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