WO2013186423A1 - Group of elements and method for lifting the nacelle and/or the rotor of a wind generator - Google Patents

Group of elements and method for lifting the nacelle and/or the rotor of a wind generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013186423A1
WO2013186423A1 PCT/ES2013/070391 ES2013070391W WO2013186423A1 WO 2013186423 A1 WO2013186423 A1 WO 2013186423A1 ES 2013070391 W ES2013070391 W ES 2013070391W WO 2013186423 A1 WO2013186423 A1 WO 2013186423A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
lifting
elements
group
support structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2013/070391
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco BALLESTER MUÑOZ
Original Assignee
Ingecid, Investigación Y Desarrollo De Proyectos, S.L.
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Publication of WO2013186423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013186423A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/916—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure with provision for hoisting onto the structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a set of elements that serve to raise the rotor blades and / or the gondola up to the top of a wind turbine tower, also called nacelle, until the gondola with the blades is placed in its operative position at the end Tower top.
  • the invention also relates to the phases of the lifting procedure. The same system can be used to descend from the top of the tower said wind turbine components for replacement, repair or maintenance.
  • This invention can also be applied for lifting / lowering the components that must be placed on top of similar constructions, such as any type of pylon or mast.
  • a wind turbine is a machine that transforms wind energy into electrical energy. It consists of a tower-shaped structure that supports the rotor that is coupled to a gondola at a certain height, components that produce wind turbine electricity.
  • the rotor is composed of the propeller blades, generally three, that transmit the power of the wind, the rotor being part of the bu e with which the rotor is linked to the gondola or nacelle that is the frame in which they are located the electrical and mechanical elements necessary to convert the rotational mechanical energy of the rotor into electrical energy.
  • the gondola joins the tower by a toothed crown that allows the rotor to be oriented to the wind.
  • the dimensions of the wind turbine have resulted in high-rise towers, supporting a rotor with blades that can each reach a length of 50 meters, with a weight of the rotor assembly that oscillates around 50 Tons.
  • the gondola can reach a weight of between 200 and 400 Tons in the future.
  • the invention proposes a lifting procedure with the help of elements that allow both the elevation and the positioning of the turbine of the wind turbine, formed by the rotor and the gondola, in its place of location at the top of the tower.
  • lifting and positioning elements are easy to transport and assemble, with simple disassembly once the installation of the gondola and the rotor has been carried out in the tower; they can be used both for machines installed on land, "onshore”, and at sea, “offshore”.
  • the procedure allows the gondola to be raised separately or together with the rotor blades to place them in their location at the top of the tower, using for this work the wind turbine tower itself as an ascension element.
  • This invention is designed, mainly, for towers built "in situ”.
  • the invention uses one or more load lifting devices that are anchored at the base of the tower, anchored to the foundation, devices with one or more cables each, cables ascending from their firing position to a support structure that is at the top of the tower, to descend the cable (s) on the opposite side of the tower to the ground where the gondola and rotor blades will be placed before its elevation.
  • the end (s) of the cables will be secured to a displacement element of advantageous configuration to slide vertically through the tower, without horizontal displacements, when the lifting devices are put into operation.
  • the support structure located at the top of the tower will be where the cables that leave the vertical lifting devices run, and this support structure can also serve to move the load horizontally by means of a car that travels through a lane, once said load is located at the top.
  • the gondola will be placed in its operative position, anchored in the toothed crown that is at the end of the tower, through the operation of mobile pulleys present in the support structure and linked to the car.
  • Said support structure is composed of easily transportable and mountable materials.
  • Figure 1 View of the wind turbine tower with the support element.
  • Figure 2. Shows the elevation by the gondola tower.
  • Figure 3. Shows the placement of the rotor in the gondola at a certain height.
  • Figure 4. Plan view of the support element, the gondola and the rotor.
  • Figure 5. Shows the lifting phase when the load reaches the top of the tower.
  • Figure 6. Detail of the gondola in its horizontal displacement; It is shown without a rotor to appreciate the car that can be moved along the rail.
  • Figure 7. View of the gondola with rotor located in the vertical axis of the tower, before being placed in its location.
  • FIG. 8 Shows the installed wind turbine, the support structure having been removed.
  • a support structure (2) that has a vertical part (3) that is secured by anchors (4 ) to the tower (1), perpendicular to another horizontal part (5) that is arranged parallel to the ground.
  • the horizontal part (5) has a section located above the end of the tower (1), with dimensions that are at least equivalent to the width of the upper end of the tower plus the width of the gondola (7).
  • the support structure (2) is formed by a framework of beams that are two beams in parallel forming the horizontal part (5), linked to another beam of greater width that forms the vertical part (3) anchored to the tower (1).
  • the support structure contains a carriage (10) horizontally movable along the horizontal part (5) by means of a rail; In this embodiment, it moves along the section (6) of the horizontal part (5) above the end of the tower (1).
  • the support structure (2) contains a pulley system (9), with at least one pulley that is linked to the carriage (10), in this preferred embodiment being a hoist.
  • the anchor (4) by which this support structure (2) is installed will be arranged close to the top of the tower and is made by bolts that are screwed into a series of female threads as waits embedded in the tower structure ( 1), concrete or similar material, distributed around the perimeter of the tower (1) in a convenient way for its function.
  • the invention also contains one or more lifting devices (11) that are winches anchored to the foundation.
  • the gondola (7) of the wind turbine will be located diametrically opposite to the lifting devices (11) with respect to the tower (1).
  • the tower (1) may contain a guidance system formed by one or more rails attached to the surface of the tower, which facilitate the lifting of the gondola (7 ) and / or the rotor (8) and the movement of the displacement element (13).
  • the gondola (7) will be placed before the ascension phase in the displacement element (13).
  • the gondola (7) will be secured to said displacement element (13) by conventional means.
  • the lift will be stopped to install the rotor (8) in the gondola (7).
  • This work will be carried out with the contest of self-propelled mobile cranes, continuing with the elevation until the end of the vertical route, to place the gondola (7) and / or the rotor (8) at a height above the upper end of the tower (one) .
  • the carriage (10) will start operating, which allows the load to move horizontally until it is positioned vertically coinciding with the axis of the tower, exerting up to this moment the pulling force of the carriage / the lifting devices (11), winches. Once in that position it is lowered by operation of the pulley system (9) until the gondola (7) fits into the upper end of the tower, in the wind turbine crown. As stated above, you can first ascend the gondola and then the rotor or carry out the ascension of both loads with only.
  • the support structure (2) is disassembled, leaving the elements that make up the anchor (4) embedded in the upper part of the tower. if necessary for the wind turbine repair work.

Abstract

The invention relates to a group of elements and to a method for lifting the rotor and/or the nacelle up the tower of a wind generator, containing a supporting element (2) that is arranged on the upper part of the tower (1), at least one winch-type lifting device (11) arranged on the ground with cables (12) that ascend up to the supporting element (2) and are connected to a chain hoist pulley system (9), lowering the cable(s) (12) until attachment of same to a displacement element (13) that moves vertically on the tower (1) in order to raise the nacelle (7) and the blades of the rotor (8), by means of the pull of the winches, up to the supporting element (2), where a carriage (10) is moved on a rail up to the vertical of the axis of the tower in order to lower the nacelle (7) and the rotor (8) to the site thereof, by means of at least one chain hoist.

Description

GRUPO DE ELEMENTOS Y PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA GROUP OF ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURE FOR THE
ELEVACIÓN DE LA GÓNDOLA Y/O EL ROTOR DEL AEROGENERADOR ELEVATION OF THE GONDOLA AND / OR THE ROTOR OF THE AIRLINER
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
Esta invención se refiere a un conjunto de elementos que sirven para elevar hasta lo alto de la torre de un aerogenerador las palas del rotor y/o la góndola, también llamada nacelle, hasta colocar la góndola con las palas en su posición operativa en el extremo superior de la torre. La invención también refiere las fases del procedimiento de elevación. El mismo sistema se puede usar para descender desde lo alto de la torre dichos componentes del aerogenerador para su recambio, reparación o mantenimiento. This invention relates to a set of elements that serve to raise the rotor blades and / or the gondola up to the top of a wind turbine tower, also called nacelle, until the gondola with the blades is placed in its operative position at the end Tower top. The invention also relates to the phases of the lifting procedure. The same system can be used to descend from the top of the tower said wind turbine components for replacement, repair or maintenance.
Esta invención también puede ser de aplicación para las labores de elevación/descenso de los componentes que deben situarse en lo alto de construcciones similares, como puede ser cualquier tipo de pilón o mástil.  This invention can also be applied for lifting / lowering the components that must be placed on top of similar constructions, such as any type of pylon or mast.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En los últimos años la energía eólica ha experimentado un importante desarrollo que la ha situado como una de las energías renovables más implantadas, al ser una forma eficaz de producir energía eléctrica y evitar por completo la emisión de dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera. La preocupación internacional por las posibles consecuencias medioambientales, económicas y sociales del cambio climático ha provocado que se hayan replanteado las formas en el uso de la energía, encontrando en las energías renovables o energías verdes una solución al deterioro medioambiental causado por las energías convencionales . In recent years, wind energy has undergone an important development that has placed it as one of the most implanted renewable energies, as it is an effective way to produce electricity and completely avoid the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The international concern about the possible environmental, economic and social consequences of climate change has led to the rethinking of ways in the use of energy, finding a solution to renewable energy or green energy environmental deterioration caused by conventional energies.
Un aerogenerador eólico es una máquina que transforma la energía del viento en energía eléctrica. Se compone de una estructura en forma de torre que soporta a una determinada altura el rotor que está acoplado a una góndola, componentes que producen la electricidad del aerogenerador. El rotor se compone de las palas dispuestas en hélice, generalmente son tres, que transmiten la potencia del viento, formando parte del rotor el bu e con el que el rotor se vincula a la góndola o nacelle que es el armazón en cuyo interior se encuentran los elementos eléctricos y mecánicos necesarios para convertir la energía mecánica rotacional del rotor en energía eléctrica. La góndola se une a la torre por una corona dentada que permite la orientación del rotor al viento.  A wind turbine is a machine that transforms wind energy into electrical energy. It consists of a tower-shaped structure that supports the rotor that is coupled to a gondola at a certain height, components that produce wind turbine electricity. The rotor is composed of the propeller blades, generally three, that transmit the power of the wind, the rotor being part of the bu e with which the rotor is linked to the gondola or nacelle that is the frame in which they are located the electrical and mechanical elements necessary to convert the rotational mechanical energy of the rotor into electrical energy. The gondola joins the tower by a toothed crown that allows the rotor to be oriented to the wind.
En un principio las torres eran metálicas, necesitando grúas de gran capacidad para la elevación o descenso de la góndola y el rotor hasta su posición en la torre, grúas que son móviles y se trasladan hasta el lugar de ubicación del aerogenerador para estos trabajos.  In the beginning the towers were metallic, needing large capacity cranes for raising or lowering the gondola and the rotor to its position in the tower, cranes that are mobile and move to the location of the wind turbine for these jobs.
Las dimensiones del aerogenerador, con diseños cada vez más potentes, ha desembocado en torres de gran altura, soportando un rotor con palas que pueden alcanzar cada una de ellas una longitud de 50 metros, con un peso del conjunto del rotor que oscila alrededor de 50 Toneladas. La góndola puede llegar a alcanzar en el futuro un peso de entre 200 a 400 Toneladas.  The dimensions of the wind turbine, with increasingly powerful designs, have resulted in high-rise towers, supporting a rotor with blades that can each reach a length of 50 meters, with a weight of the rotor assembly that oscillates around 50 Tons. The gondola can reach a weight of between 200 and 400 Tons in the future.
El aumento de las potencias y tamaños de los aerogeneradores ha motivado la aparición de nuevas tecnologías constructivas, como la introducción de torres de hormigón ejecutadas "in situ" que son usadas como elemento de soporte para la elevación de las cargas del aerogenerador al aportar mayor capacidad de resistencia a la flexión y a la torsión que las tradicionales torres metálicas. Esto permite obtener una importante reducción de costes y una simplificación del proceso . The increase in the powers and sizes of wind turbines has led to the emergence of new construction technologies, such as the introduction of concrete towers executed "in situ" that are used as a support element for lifting wind turbine loads by providing greater resistance to bending and torsion than traditional metal towers. This allows to obtain a significant cost reduction and a simplification of the process.
Descripción de la invención La invención propone un procedimiento de elevación con el concurso de elementos que permiten tanto la elevación como el posicionamiento de la turbina del aerogenerador, conformada por el rotor y la góndola, en su lugar de ubicación en lo alto de la torre. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention proposes a lifting procedure with the help of elements that allow both the elevation and the positioning of the turbine of the wind turbine, formed by the rotor and the gondola, in its place of location at the top of the tower.
Estos elementos de elevación y posicionamiento son de fácil transporte y montaje, con sencillo desmontaje una vez se ha realizado la instalación de la góndola y el rotor en la torre; pueden ser usados tanto para las máquinas instaladas en tierra, "onshore", como en el mar, "offshore".  These lifting and positioning elements are easy to transport and assemble, with simple disassembly once the installation of the gondola and the rotor has been carried out in the tower; they can be used both for machines installed on land, "onshore", and at sea, "offshore".
El procedimiento permite subir separada la góndola o conjuntamente con las palas del rotor para situarlos en su lugar de ubicación en lo alto de la torre, utilizando para este trabajo la propia torre del aerogenerador como elemento de ascensión. Esta invención este ideada, principalmente, para torres construidas "in situ".  The procedure allows the gondola to be raised separately or together with the rotor blades to place them in their location at the top of the tower, using for this work the wind turbine tower itself as an ascension element. This invention is designed, mainly, for towers built "in situ".
Para este fin, la invención utiliza uno o varios dispositivos de elevación de cargas que están afianzados en la base de la torre, anclados a la cimentación, dispositivos con uno o más cables cada uno de ellos, cables que ascienden desde su posición de tiro hasta una estructura soporte que se halla en la parte superior de la torre, para descender el/los cables por el lado opuesto de la torre hasta el suelo donde se colocarán la góndola y palas del rotor antes de su elevación. El o los extremos de el/los cables se asegurarán a un elemento de desplazamiento de configuración ventajosa para deslizarse verticalmente por la torre, sin desplazamientos horizontales, al ponerse en funcionamiento los dispositivos de elevación. For this purpose, the invention uses one or more load lifting devices that are anchored at the base of the tower, anchored to the foundation, devices with one or more cables each, cables ascending from their firing position to a support structure that is at the top of the tower, to descend the cable (s) on the opposite side of the tower to the ground where the gondola and rotor blades will be placed before its elevation. The end (s) of the cables will be secured to a displacement element of advantageous configuration to slide vertically through the tower, without horizontal displacements, when the lifting devices are put into operation.
La estructura soporte ubicada en la parte superior de la torre será por donde discurren los cables que salen de los dispositivos de elevación vertical, pudiendo también servir esta estructura soporte para desplazar la carga en sentido horizontal mediante el concurso de un carro que se desplaza por un carril, una vez dicha carga se halla situada en la parte superior. La góndola se colocará en su posición operativa, anclada en la corona dentada que se encuentra en el extremo de la torre, mediante el funcionamiento de poleas móviles presentes en la estructura soporte y vinculadas al carro. Dicha estructura soporte está compuesta por materiales fácilmente transportables y montables. The support structure located at the top of the tower will be where the cables that leave the vertical lifting devices run, and this support structure can also serve to move the load horizontally by means of a car that travels through a lane, once said load is located at the top. The gondola will be placed in its operative position, anchored in the toothed crown that is at the end of the tower, through the operation of mobile pulleys present in the support structure and linked to the car. Said support structure is composed of easily transportable and mountable materials.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayuda a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña la presente memoria descriptiva de planos, mostrando el modo de realización preferente, donde, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente : To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, the present descriptive specification of drawings is attached, showing the preferred embodiment, where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, represented the following:
Figura 1.- Vista de la torre del aerogenerador con el elemento soporte. Figure 1.- View of the wind turbine tower with the support element.
Figura 2.- Muestra la elevación por la torre de la góndola. Figura 3.- Muestra la colocación del rotor en la góndola a una determinada altura. Figure 2.- Shows the elevation by the gondola tower. Figure 3.- Shows the placement of the rotor in the gondola at a certain height.
Figura 4.- Vista en planta del elemento soporte, la góndola y el rotor.  Figure 4.- Plan view of the support element, the gondola and the rotor.
Figura 5.- Muestra la fase de elevación cuando llega la carga a la parte superior de la torre.  Figure 5.- Shows the lifting phase when the load reaches the top of the tower.
Figura 6.- Detalle de la góndola en su desplazamiento horizontal; se muestra sin rotor para apreciar el carro desplazable por el carril.  Figure 6.- Detail of the gondola in its horizontal displacement; It is shown without a rotor to appreciate the car that can be moved along the rail.
Figura 7.- Vista de la góndola con rotor situada en la vertical del eje de la torre, antes de ser colocada en su lugar de ubicación.  Figure 7.- View of the gondola with rotor located in the vertical axis of the tower, before being placed in its location.
Figura 8.- Muestra el aerogenerador instalado, habiéndose retirado la estructura soporte.  Figure 8.- Shows the installed wind turbine, the support structure having been removed.
Realización preferente de la invención Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
De acuerdo con las figuras, como trabajo inicial en el procedimiento de elevación es preciso instalar en la torre (1), en su parte superior, una estructura soporte (2) que presenta una parte vertical (3) que se asegura mediante anclajes (4) a la torre (1), perpendicular a otra parte horizontal (5) que se dispone paralela al suelo. La parte horizontal (5) presenta un tramo situado encima del extremo de la torre (1), con unas dimensiones que, al menos, sean equivalentes a la anchura del extremo superior de la torre más la anchura de la góndola (7) . Este diseño resulta ventajoso para posibilitar la elevación de la góndola (7) y/o el rotor (8), y permitir el movimiento horizontal una vez la carga ha alcanzado la cima de la torre (1) . According to the figures, as initial work in the lifting procedure it is necessary to install in the tower (1), in its upper part, a support structure (2) that has a vertical part (3) that is secured by anchors (4 ) to the tower (1), perpendicular to another horizontal part (5) that is arranged parallel to the ground. The horizontal part (5) has a section located above the end of the tower (1), with dimensions that are at least equivalent to the width of the upper end of the tower plus the width of the gondola (7). This design is advantageous to enable the lifting of the gondola (7) and / or the rotor (8), and allow horizontal movement once the load has reached the top of the tower (1).
La estructura soporte (2) se conforma por un entramado de vigas que son dos vigas en paralelo formando la parte horizontal (5), vinculadas a otra viga de mayor anchura que forma la parte vertical (3) anclada a la torre ( 1 ) . The support structure (2) is formed by a framework of beams that are two beams in parallel forming the horizontal part (5), linked to another beam of greater width that forms the vertical part (3) anchored to the tower (1).
La estructura soporte contiene un carro (10) desplazable horizontalmente por la parte horizontal (5) mediante un carril; en este modo de realización se mueve por el tramo (6) de la parte horizontal (5) que se encuentra encima del extremo de la torre (1) .  The support structure contains a carriage (10) horizontally movable along the horizontal part (5) by means of a rail; In this embodiment, it moves along the section (6) of the horizontal part (5) above the end of the tower (1).
La estructura soporte (2) contiene un sistema de poleas (9), con al menos una polea que está vinculada al carro (10), siendo en este modo de realización preferente un polipasto.  The support structure (2) contains a pulley system (9), with at least one pulley that is linked to the carriage (10), in this preferred embodiment being a hoist.
El anclaje (4) mediante el que se instala esta estructura soporte (2) se dispondrá próximo a la cima de la torre y se realiza mediante pernos que se enroscan en una serie roscas hembras a modo de esperas embebidas en la estructura de la torre (1), hormigón o material similar, distribuidas por el perímetro de la torre (1) de manera conveniente para su función.  The anchor (4) by which this support structure (2) is installed will be arranged close to the top of the tower and is made by bolts that are screwed into a series of female threads as waits embedded in the tower structure ( 1), concrete or similar material, distributed around the perimeter of the tower (1) in a convenient way for its function.
La invención contiene también uno o varios dispositivos de elevación (11) que son cabrestantes anclados a la cimentación. En la posición inicial, la góndola (7) del aerogenerador se situará de manera diametralmente opuesta a los dispositivos de elevación (11) respecto a la torre (1) . Preferentemente, serán dos cabrestantes con un cable (12) cada uno de ellos que ascienden desde su posición hasta la estructura soporte (2) hasta llegar cada uno de los cables (12) al sistema de poleas (9), polipasto, dividiéndose en este punto cada uno de los cables en dos cables, de forma que descienden cuatro cables, dos por cada polipasto, para asegurar al elemento de desplazamiento (13) que consiste en una plataforma que contiene ruedas o rodamientos que le permiten desplazarse verticalmente por la superficie de la torre ( 1 ) . The invention also contains one or more lifting devices (11) that are winches anchored to the foundation. In the initial position, the gondola (7) of the wind turbine will be located diametrically opposite to the lifting devices (11) with respect to the tower (1). Preferably, there will be two winches with a cable (12) each of them ascending from its position to the support structure (2) until each of the cables (12) reaches the pulley system (9), hoist, dividing in this point each of the cables in two cables, so that four cables descend, two for each hoist, to secure the displacement element (13) consisting of a platform containing wheels or bearings that allow you to move vertically across the surface of the tower (1).
En otro modo de realización, con objeto de conseguir condiciones de seguridad y estabilidad, la torre (1) puede contener un sistema de guiado formado por uno o más carriles adosados a la superficie de la torre, que faciliten la elevación de la góndola (7) y/o el rotor (8) y el movimiento del elemento de desplazamiento (13) .  In another embodiment, in order to achieve safety and stability conditions, the tower (1) may contain a guidance system formed by one or more rails attached to the surface of the tower, which facilitate the lifting of the gondola (7 ) and / or the rotor (8) and the movement of the displacement element (13).
La góndola (7) se colocará antes de la fase de ascensión en el elemento de desplazamiento (13) . El aseguramiento de la góndola (7) a dicho elemento de desplazamiento (13) se realizará por medios convencionales. Una vez se ha realizado el anterior trabajo comienza la fase de ascensión con el funcionamiento de los dispositivos de elevación (11), cabrestantes, que realizan un tiro de manera constante, sin aceleraciones que perjudicarían la ascensión.  The gondola (7) will be placed before the ascension phase in the displacement element (13). The gondola (7) will be secured to said displacement element (13) by conventional means. Once the previous work has been done, the ascension phase begins with the operation of the lifting devices (11), winches, which make a constant shot, without accelerations that would damage the ascent.
A una determinada altura, tal que permita la colocación, se detendrá la elevación para instalar el rotor (8) en la góndola (7) . Este trabajo se realizará con el concurso de grúas móviles autopropulsadas, continuando posteriormente con la elevación hasta el final del recorrido vertical, para situarse la góndola (7) y/o el rotor (8) a una altura por encima del extremo superior de la torre (1) .  At a certain height, such that it allows placement, the lift will be stopped to install the rotor (8) in the gondola (7). This work will be carried out with the contest of self-propelled mobile cranes, continuing with the elevation until the end of the vertical route, to place the gondola (7) and / or the rotor (8) at a height above the upper end of the tower (one) .
En este momento entrará en funcionamiento el carro (10) que permite que se mueva en sentido horizontal la carga hasta situarse en la vertical coincidente con el eje de la torre, ejerciendo hasta este momento la fuerza de tiro del carro el/los dispositivos de elevación (11), cabrestantes. Una vez está en esa posición se la hace descender mediante el funcionamiento del sistema de poleas (9) hasta encajar la góndola (7) en el extremo superior de la torre, en la corona del aerogenerador . Como se ha expresado anteriormente, se podrá ascender primero la góndola y luego el rotor o realizar la ascensión de ambas cargas con untamente . At this time, the carriage (10) will start operating, which allows the load to move horizontally until it is positioned vertically coinciding with the axis of the tower, exerting up to this moment the pulling force of the carriage / the lifting devices (11), winches. Once in that position it is lowered by operation of the pulley system (9) until the gondola (7) fits into the upper end of the tower, in the wind turbine crown. As stated above, you can first ascend the gondola and then the rotor or carry out the ascension of both loads with only.
Después de estar el aerogenerador configurado, con la góndola y el rotor en lo alto de la torre, se procede al desmontaje de la estructura soporte (2), quedando embebidos en la zona superior de la torre los elementos que conforman el anclaje (4) por si fuese necesario para las labores de reparación del aerogenerador .  After the wind turbine is configured, with the gondola and the rotor at the top of the tower, the support structure (2) is disassembled, leaving the elements that make up the anchor (4) embedded in the upper part of the tower. if necessary for the wind turbine repair work.
Debe entenderse que la invención ha sido descrita según la realización preferida de la misma, por lo que puede ser susceptible de modificaciones siempre y cuando dichas alteraciones no varíen sustancialmente las características del invento que se reivindican a continuación .  It should be understood that the invention has been described according to the preferred embodiment thereof, so that it may be subject to modifications as long as said alterations do not substantially vary the characteristics of the invention claimed below.

Claims

REIVI DICACIONES REIVI DICATIONS
1. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación de la góndola y/o el rotor del aerogenerador y la instalación en su lugar de ubicación en extremo superior de la torre (1), caracterizado porque comprende: 1. - Group of elements for the elevation of the gondola and / or the rotor of the wind turbine and the installation in its place of location at the upper end of the tower (1), characterized in that it comprises:
.- una estructura soporte (2) anclada en la parte superior de la torre (1) .  .- a support structure (2) anchored at the top of the tower (1).
.- uno o más dispositivos de elevación (11) de cargas con al menos un cable (12) .  .- one or more lifting devices (11) of loads with at least one cable (12).
un elemento de desplazamiento (13) que se desplaza verticalmente en la torre (1) .  a sliding element (13) that moves vertically in the tower (1).
2. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la estructura soporte (2) presenta una parte horizontal (5) que se dispone paralela al suelo y una parte vertical (3), perpendicular al horizontal, que se asegura mediante anclajes (4) a la torre (1) .  2. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (2) has a horizontal part (5) that is arranged parallel to the ground and a vertical part (3), perpendicular to the horizontal, which is secure through anchors (4) to the tower (1).
3. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la estructura soporte (2) son dos vigas en paralelo formando la parte horizontal (5), vinculadas a otra viga de mayor anchura que forma la parte vertical (3) y que está anclada a la torre ( 1 ) .  3. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (2) is two beams in parallel forming the horizontal part (5), linked to another beam of greater width that forms the vertical part (3 ) and that is anchored to the tower (1).
4.- Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la parte horizontal (5) de la estructura soporte (2) contiene un tramo (6) que se encuentra encima del extremo de la torre (1) y que presenta dimensiones este tramo (6) equivalentes a la anchura del extremo superior de la torre (1) más la anchura de la góndola (7) . 4.- Group of elements for lifting, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the horizontal part (5) of the support structure (2) contains a section (6) that is located above the end of the tower (1) and having dimensions this section (6) equivalent to the width of the upper end of the tower (1) plus the width of the gondola (7).
5. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la estructura soporte (2) contiene un carro (10) que se desplaza horizontalmente por un carril por la parte horizontal (5) . 5. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (2) contains a carriage (10) that travels horizontally along a rail along the horizontal part (5).
6. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según las reivindicaciones 4 y 5, caracterizado porque el carro (10) se desplaza por el tramo (6) de la parte horizontal (5) situado encima del extremo de la torre (1) .  6. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the carriage (10) moves along the section (6) of the horizontal part (5) located above the end of the tower (1).
7. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la estructura soporte (2) contiene un sistema de poleas (9) con al menos una polea.  7. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (2) contains a pulley system (9) with at least one pulley.
8.- Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicaciones 6 y 7, caracterizado porque el sistema de poleas (9) se encuentra vinculado con el carro (10) .  8.- Group of elements for lifting, according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the pulley system (9) is linked to the carriage (10).
9. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicaciones 7 y 8, caracterizado porque el sistema de poleas (9) consiste al menos en un polipasto.  9. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the pulley system (9) consists of at least one hoist.
10. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según cualquiera de la reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque cada uno de los cables (12) se dividen en dos en la estructura soporte (2) tras pasar cada uno de ellos por un polipasto (9) .  10. - Group of elements for lifting, according to any of the preceding claim, characterized in that each of the cables (12) is divided into two in the support structure (2) after each of them passing through a hoist (9) .
11. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los cables (12) ascienden desde el dispositivo de elevación (11) de cargas hasta la estructura soporte (2) para asegurar al elemento de desplazamiento (13) .  11. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables (12) ascend from the lifting device (11) to the support structure (2) to secure the displacement element (13).
12. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el dispositivo de elevación (11) de cargas es un cabrestante anclado en la base de la torre (1) . 12. - Group of lifting elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the device Lifting (11) of loads is a winch anchored at the base of the tower (1).
13. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque los anclajes (4) mediante los que se instala la estructura soporte (2) se disponen próximos a la cima de la torre (1) y son pernos que se enroscan a una o varias roscas hembras que quedan embebidas en la torre (1) .  13. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 2, characterized in that the anchors (4) by which the support structure (2) is installed are arranged close to the top of the tower (1) and are bolts that are screw one or more female threads that are embedded in the tower (1).
14. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el elemento de desplazamiento (13) consiste en una plataforma que contiene ruedas o rodamientos que le permiten su movimiento por la superficie de la torre (1) .  14. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement element (13) consists of a platform containing wheels or bearings that allow its movement along the surface of the tower (1).
15. - Grupo de elementos para la elevación, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el elemento de desplazamiento (13) está configurado por un sistema de guiado formado por uno o más carriles adosadas a la superficie de la torre (1) .  15. - Group of elements for lifting, according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement element (13) is configured by a guidance system formed by one or more rails attached to the surface of the tower (1).
16. - Procedimiento para la elevación de la góndola y/o el rotor del aerogenerador y la instalación en su lugar de ubicación en extremo superior de la torre 16. - Procedure for lifting the gondola and / or the rotor of the wind turbine and installing it in its location at the top end of the tower
(1), caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes fases: (1), characterized in that it comprises the following phases:
.- Instalación en la parte superior de la torre mediante anclajes (4) de una estructura soporte (2), incorporando a dicha estructura al menos un sistema de poleas (9) vinculado a un carro (10) que se puede desplazar horizontalmente por la estructura soporte (2) mediante un carril.  .- Installation at the top of the tower by means of anchors (4) of a support structure (2), incorporating to said structure at least one pulley system (9) linked to a carriage (10) that can be moved horizontally by the support structure (2) by a rail.
Instalación en la base de la torre de, al menos, un dispositivo de elevación (13) con al menos un cable ( 12 ) .  Installation at the base of the tower of at least one lifting device (13) with at least one cable (12).
Instalación del cable/s (12) desde el dispositivo de elevación (13) hasta el sistema de poleas (9), para que descienda el cable/s (12) hasta la posición de un elemento de desplazamiento (13) que se desplaza por la superficie de la torre (1) . Cable / s installation (12) from the lifting device (13) to the pulley system (9), so that the cable / s (12) descends to the position of a sliding element (13) that travels along the surface of the tower (1).
17.- Procedimiento, según reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque incluye la fase de ascensión del elemento de desplazamiento (13) con la góndola (7) hasta una determinada altura en la que se colocará el rotor (8), siguiendo la ascensión hasta la cima de la torre (1) .  17. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it includes the ascension phase of the displacement element (13) with the gondola (7) up to a certain height at which the rotor (8) will be placed, following the ascent to the top of the tower (1).
18.- Procedimiento, según las reivindicaciones 16 y 17, caracterizado porque incluye la fase de realizar el movimiento horizontal de la góndola (7) y/o el rotor (8) mediante el funcionamiento del carro (10) que es movido por el dispositivo de elevación (11) de cargas y, posteriormente, con el funcionamiento del sistema de poleas (9), encajar la góndola en el extremo superior de la torre ( 1 ) .  18. Method according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that it includes the phase of carrying out the horizontal movement of the gondola (7) and / or the rotor (8) by operating the carriage (10) that is moved by the device of lifting (11) of loads and, later, with the operation of the pulley system (9), fit the gondola in the upper end of the tower (1).
19.- Procedimiento para la elevación del rotor y la góndola en la torre del aerogenerador , según las reivindicaciones de 16 a 18, caracterizado porque una vez está instalada la góndola (7) y el rotor (8) se procede a retirar la estructura soporte (2) dejando embebidos en la torre los elementos que conforman el anclaje (4) .  19.- Procedure for lifting the rotor and gondola in the wind turbine tower, according to claims 16 to 18, characterized in that once the gondola (7) and the rotor (8) are installed, the support structure is removed (2) leaving the elements that make up the anchor (4) embedded in the tower.
PCT/ES2013/070391 2012-06-15 2013-06-15 Group of elements and method for lifting the nacelle and/or the rotor of a wind generator WO2013186423A1 (en)

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ESP201230946 2012-06-15
ES201230946A ES2438620B1 (en) 2012-06-15 2012-06-15 GROUP OF ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURE FOR THE ELEVATION OF THE GONDOLA AND / OR THE ROTOR OF THE AEROGENERATOR

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CN110905726A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-03-24 合肥鸿叶紫新能源有限公司 New forms of energy wind power generation stake
US20230365383A1 (en) * 2019-02-07 2023-11-16 Bongchul Chea Apparatus for installation and dissaembly of wind turbine and construction method

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WO1997021621A1 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-19 Tymon Corporation Limited A method and apparatus for raising a load onto a tower
JP2003184730A (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-03 Tomoe Giken:Kk Climbing device for constructing wind power generator and method for constructing wind power generator
ES2338746A1 (en) * 2010-03-22 2010-05-11 Fcc Construccion S.A. Equipment for raising/lowering of wind generator turbines

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US4311434A (en) * 1980-04-07 1982-01-19 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Wind turbine
WO1997021621A1 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-19 Tymon Corporation Limited A method and apparatus for raising a load onto a tower
JP2003184730A (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-03 Tomoe Giken:Kk Climbing device for constructing wind power generator and method for constructing wind power generator
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230365383A1 (en) * 2019-02-07 2023-11-16 Bongchul Chea Apparatus for installation and dissaembly of wind turbine and construction method
CN110905726A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-03-24 合肥鸿叶紫新能源有限公司 New forms of energy wind power generation stake

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ES2438620B1 (en) 2014-12-23
ES2438620A1 (en) 2014-01-17

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