WO2013184042A2

WO2013184042A2 - Multistage turbomachine (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2013184042A2
Application number: PCT/RU2013/000479
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Николаевич КОСТЮКОВ
Original assignee: Kostyukov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Priority date: 2012-06-09
Filing date: 2013-06-10
Publication date: 2013-12-12
Also published as: RU2012124190A; WO2013184042A3

Abstract

The multistage turbomachine with control, monitoring and protection systems, etc., which comprises a ventilated or air-tight housing, within which a working wheel with a bladed impeller is installed on a shaft, is characterized in that at the input opening end of the inter-blade channels the impeller is adjacent to a distributor, with a gap therebetween, said distributor containing apertures and being capable of periodically aligning the input openings of the inter-blade channels of the impeller during the rotation thereof with an input pipeline and with at least one connecting pipeline for the supply of a working medium, and at the output opening end of the inter-blade channels the impeller is adjacent to a gas distribution apparatus, with a gap therebetween, said gas distribution apparatus containing apertures and being capable of periodically aligning said apertures with the output openings of the inter-blade channels of the impeller during the rotation thereof, the apertures of the gas distribution apparatus being designed so as to form stages of discharge pressure in the working medium, for instance in such a way that a certain number of inter-blade channels of the impeller, on the side of

Description

Multistage turbomachine (options)

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in compressors, turbocompressors, gas and steam turbines, vacuum pumps, engines for various purposes, in turbine expanders, in refrigeration machines and in heat pumps ..

Known turbocharger, which structurally can be made radial and axial. In turbochargers, the pressure of the working fluid increases as a result of the transfer of energy to the flow when flowing around the blades of the impeller.

Turbochargers are single-stage and multi-stage. "Refrigerating machines" Moscow. Food industry. 1973 p. 193.

The disadvantage of this design is the insufficiently high discharge pressure and insufficiently low vacuum pressure created by one impeller of the compressor.

Radial and axial gas and steam turbines are also known in which the potential energy of heated and compressed gas or steam, when it expands in a scapular apparatus, is converted into kinetic energy, and then into mechanical work on a rotating shaft. "Heat engineering" Moscow. "Engineering" 1986, p. 179

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of high efficiency, especially in small units.

The technical result achieved in this invention is to simplify the design of a multi-stage compressor, reduce the dimensions in the axial direction and increase the efficiency, especially of small-sized, gas and steam turbines.

The specified technical result is achieved in that, according to the first embodiment, a multi-stage turbomachine, with protection control control systems, etc., containing a vented or sealed housing, inside of which an impeller with a blade impeller is installed on the shaft, in which, depending on its configurations are formed by radial, or axial, or radial-axial, or axial - radial interscapular channels, characterized in that, on the side of the inlet openings of the interscapular channels, the impeller adjoins the distributor with a gap Yeh-lii, containing windows and configured to periodically align the inlet openings of the interscapular channels of the impeller, when it is rotated, through the windows in the distributor, first with the inlet pipe, and then, when it is rotated, with at least one connecting pipe for supplying the working fluid, the impeller blades can have different configuration e.g.

made straight or curved, for example radial and bent to the side opposite to the rotation of the impeller, the interscapular channels are made, for example, with a cross-section in the form of a diffuser, from the side of the outlet openings of the interscapular channels, the impeller, depending on the configuration of the impeller and the direction of movement of the working fluid, for example in axial or in the radial direction, adjoin with a gap to the end, or to a cylindrical, or to a cone-shaped gas distribution device that contains windows with ozhnostyu their periodic alignment with the outlets

of the impeller channels of the impeller, during its rotation, the windows in the gas distribution apparatus and in the distributor are made in such a way that they form at least two stages of the working fluid pressure, for example, so that a certain number of interscapular channels of the impeller are connected from the inlet openings by the distributor, with the inlet pipe, from the side of the outlet openings go out the window in the gas distribution apparatus, forming the first stage of pressure injection and containing an example is a diffuser and an exhaust pipe, connected, for example, by a connecting pipe, to another window in the distributor that extends to a certain number of interscapular channels of the impeller from the side of the inlet openings, while the outlet openings of these channels of the impeller exit to the window in the gas distribution device,

forming a second stage of pressure injection and containing, for example, a diffuser and an outlet pipe, for example connected by a connecting pipe, by means of a distributor, with another, for example, with a third stage of pressure of the working fluid injection, the number of interscapular channels,

simultaneously connected to the windows in the distributor and to the windows in

the gas distribution apparatus at different stages of pressure decreases as the discharge pressure increases and the volume of the working fluid decreases, the last stage of pressure injection contains, for example, a diffuser and an outlet pipe connected to discharge pipe and consumer, or with any additional compressor, for example, in the form of another multistage turbomachine.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that on the side of the outlet openings of the interscapular channels, the surface of the gas distribution apparatus located between the windows is made with the possibility of periodic overlapping completely, or partially, of at least one interscapular channel, when the impeller rotates, and from the inlet side interscapular channels, the surface of the distributor located between the windows, is made with the possibility of periodic overlap in whole or in part, at least one many

the interscapular channel of the impeller, when it is rotating, for example, at the time of closing the outlet of the same channel with a gas distribution apparatus.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that between the last and first stages of pressure injection, an additional stage of release of the compressed working fluid is made, for example, in such a way that in the additional stage of release the window in the gas distribution apparatus is temporarily connected to the outlet of at least one the impeller channel, while the inlet of this channel is blocked by the distributor, then, when the impeller rotates, the outlet of this channel can be for a certain time, p overlap of the gas distribution apparatus and is open from the inlet side of the window in the distributor which is connected with the inlet pipeline, then, during the rotation of the impeller, the impeller channel is combined with the window in the gas distribution apparatus and a window in the dispenser in a first stage pumping the working fluid.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the last stage of pressure injection is made in such a way that the outlet pipe is made in the form of an active ejector nozzle, the outlet of which is connected, for example, to a consumer of a compressed working fluid, and the ejector inlet is connected to an additional exhaust stage of the working fluid while inlet side

the interscapular channels of the impeller, which are in the additional stage of the release of the working fluid are blocked by the distributor.

In addition, a multistage turbomachine, characterized in that the distributor, the impeller blades, the gas distribution apparatus and other elements of the multistage turbomachine form both a turbine and a compressor in one turbomachine, and are made in such a way that part of the interscapular channels the same impellers are located in one or several stages of expansion of the working fluid in the turbine, while the other part of the interscapular channels in the same impeller are located in one or more stages of the working fluid injection in the compressor.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the distributor, or at least part of it, is made in the form of an input guide apparatus, for example, with the possibility of adjusting the cross-section of the distributor windows, and in the distributor windows, for example, guide vanes, for example rotary ones, are made.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that

the gas distribution apparatus, the impeller blades and the distributor are designed in such a way that when the interscapular channel moves from the high pressure stage to the lower pressure stage, the outlet opening of the impeller interscapular channel begins to open first, while the inlet of this interscapular channel is blocked by the distributor for a longer period of time.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that

connecting pipes contain heat exchangers for heat dissipation.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that

the interscapular channels of one impeller and the windows in the gas distribution apparatus and distributor form, for example, two or more symmetrically executed identical compression stages of the working fluid.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that in the housing, on one shaft, either coaxially or on different shafts with a common or separate drive, for example, two impellers or more, for example

interconnected by connecting pipelines.

In addition, the multi-stage turbomachine is characterized in that the casing is sealed, the inlet pipe is connected, for example, to an evaporation tank containing a heat exchanger for supplying heat, and the exhaust pipe is connected, for example, to a condenser containing a heat exchanger for heat removal, while the condenser and the evaporation tank are connected by a pipeline containing throttle valve.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the impeller the impeller is made closed and contains blades made between two surfaces and forming interscapular channels with inlet and outlet openings

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the holes in the interscapular channels of the impeller are alternately inlet and outlet, to the impeller on both sides, on the side of the openings in the interscapular channels, the gas distribution apparatus and distributor are adjacent with a gap at the same time, for example, such that the first stage of the injection of the working fluid, the inlet pipe is connected to the window in the distributor, which opens to the holes in the channels of the impeller, which, on the other hand, go to the window

a gas distribution device, for example, containing a blade diffuser and connected, for example, by a connecting pipe with a window, made on the same side of the distributor impeller in the second pressure stage, while in this stage, on the other side of the impeller, the channel openings go to the window in the gas distribution device for example, containing a blade diffuser and connected. for example with an exhaust pipe and beyond, for example with a consumer of a compressed working fluid, or, for example, by connecting nogo conduit is in gas distribution box connected to the window unit in the distributor located to the same side of the impeller, and exiting at the next pressurisation step.

According to the second option, a multi-stage turbomachine, with protection control control systems, etc., containing a ventilated or sealed housing, inside of which at least one impeller with a blade impeller is installed on the shaft, in which, depending on its configuration radial, or axial, or radial-axial, or axle, radial interscapular channels are formed, characterized in that, on the side of the outlet openings of the interscapular channels of the impeller, a distributor is installed with a gap, made with

the possibility of periodically combining the outlet openings of the interscapular channels, when the impeller rotates, by means of windows made in the distributor, for example, with at least one connecting pipe for supplying the working fluid, and then, along the rotation of the impeller, with the exhaust nozzle of the blade

the impellers are made, for example, rectilinear or curvilinear, for example trough-shaped, for example, opposite and bent to the side the impeller rotates and form interscapular channels with a cross-section, for example, confuser-diffuser, direct or confuser, from the side of the inlet openings of the interscapular channels, the impeller, adjoining with a gap, depending on the configuration of the impeller and the direction of movement of the working fluid, for example, in the axial or radial direction to the end, or to a cylindrical, or to a cone-shaped gas distribution apparatus containing windows, with the possibility

periodically combining them with the inlets of the interscapular channels of the impeller, during its rotation, while the windows in the gas distribution apparatus are made in such a way that they are a nozzle apparatus, for example, in the form of a number of blades installed in the windows forming nozzles, for example, confuser, or confuser-diffuser and the impeller, gas distributor and distributor directed to the impeller blades, in the direction of its rotation, form expansion stages of the working fluid in such a way that a certain ETS

of the impeller ducts of the impeller, from the side of the inlet openings and the nozzle apparatus, connected by means of a gas distribution apparatus to the inlet pipe, exit from the side of the outlet openings into the window in the distributor of the working fluid from the first expansion stage, connected, for example

connecting pipe with a window in the gas distribution apparatus, forming, by means of a nozzle apparatus, a certain amount

of the interscapular channels of the impeller and the next window in the distributor, the second stage of expansion of the working fluid, for example, connected by means of a connecting pipe, gas distribution apparatus and nozzle apparatus to the next, for example, the third stage of expansion of the working fluid, while the last expansion stage of the working fluid contains an exhaust pipe connected, for example, to atmosphere, with another expansion machine, or with a jet engine nozzle, and the number and, for example, the volume of interscapular channels, connected at the same time with certain windows in the distributor and in the gas distribution apparatus, at different stages of expansion of the working fluid, increases as the pressure and temperature of the working fluid drop at different stages of expansion.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the connecting pipelines contain heat exchangers for supplying heat.

16 . A multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the interscapular channels of one impeller and the window in the gas distribution apparatus and the distributor form, for example, two or more symmetrically made

identical stages of expansion of the working fluid.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the impeller of the impeller is closed type and contains blades made between two surfaces and forming interscapular channels with inlet and outlet openings

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that it contains at least two impellers located in one housing, the impellers are mounted on one or on separate shafts, for example coaxially and made, for example, in such a way that in front of the inlets of the interscapular channels of the first impeller a gas distribution device is made, in the windows of which are made, for example, blade nozzle devices, outlet openings of the interscapular channels of the first wheel, exit to the intermediate blade nozzle device installed in the housing with a gap to the inlet openings of the interscapular channels of the second wheel, the outlet openings of which exit to the distributor, in the windows of which at least one connecting pipe is made, connected to a window in the gas distribution apparatus of the first wheel, and an exhaust pipe connected, for example, to a jet nozzle engine with atmosphere or with another expansion machine, with the first stage

the expansion of the working fluid is made in the gas distribution apparatus and in the part of the interscapular channels of the first impeller, the second expansion stage is made in the intermediate nozzle apparatus and in the part of the interscapular channels of the second impeller, respectively, the third expansion stage is made in the gas distribution apparatus and in the part of the interscapular channels of the first wheel, and the fourth expansion stage is made in the intermediate nozzle apparatus and in the part of the interscapular channels of the second impeller of the turbomachine.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that it contains at least two impellers located in one housing, the impellers are mounted on separate shafts, for example coaxially, with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions, and are made, for example, in such a way that before

the inlet openings of the interscapular channels of the first impeller are equipped with a gas distribution apparatus, in the windows of which are made, for example, scapular nozzle apparatuses, the outlet openings of the interscapular channels of the first wheel exit with a gap to the inlets of the interscapular channels of the second wheel, the outlet openings of which exit to the distributor, in the windows of which at least one connecting pipe is connected, connected to the window in

the gas distribution apparatus of the first wheel, and the exhaust pipe, connected, for example, with a jet engine nozzle, to the atmosphere, or to another expansion machine, while the first stage of expansion of the working fluid is made

gas distribution apparatus and in the part of the interscapular channels of the first impeller, the second expansion stage is made in the part of the interscapular channels of the second impeller, respectively, the third expansion stage is made in

gas distribution apparatus and in the part of the interscapular channels of the first wheel, and the fourth expansion step is made in the part of the interscapular channels of the second wheel of the turbomachine.

In addition, a multistage turbomachine, characterized in that at least two multistage turbomachines in separate housings, interconnected, for example by connecting pipelines in series or inconsistently, for example, so that the first stage of expansion of the working fluid is made in one wheel, in one turbomachine, and the second expansion stage is made in one wheel, in another turbomachine, respectively, for example, the third expansion stage is made, for example, in the wheel of the first turbomachine, for example, tvortaya expansion step is executed in the second turbomachine wheel, both wheels or both turbomachine performed on a single shaft or on separate shafts, e.g. coaxially.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the nozzle of the nozzle apparatus is configured to change its cross section, for example, rotary, for example, with the possibility of changing the direction of supply to the blades of the working fluid and, accordingly, changing the direction of rotation of the impeller impeller.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that

the distributor, the impeller blades, the gas distribution apparatus and other elements of a multi-stage turbomachine form both a turbine and a compressor in one turbomachine, and are made in such a way that part of the interscapular channels of the same impeller are located in one or several stages of expansion of the working fluid in the turbine , while the other part of the interscapular canals in the same the impellers are located in one or several stages of pumping the working fluid in the compressor.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that it is made in the form of a centrifugal turbine, with the distributor, impeller blades and

the gas distribution apparatus, nozzle apparatus and other elements of the multi-stage turbomachine are made in such a way that the impeller is made radial, the inlet openings of the interscapular channels and the adjacent nozzle apparatus are made on the shaft side, and the outlet openings of the interscapular channels, distributor and exhaust pipes are made from the outside impeller radius.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that on the side of the inlet openings of the interscapular channels, the surface of the gas distribution apparatus adjacent to the impeller and located between the windows is made with the possibility of periodically overlapping completely or partially at least one interscapular channel during rotation of the impeller, and from the side of the outlet openings, the surface of the distributor made between the windows is made with the possibility of periodic overlapping completely, or partially as inimum one interblade channel of the impeller, for example at the time of the overlap with the inlet side gas distribution apparatus.

In addition, a multi-stage turbomachine, characterized in that the holes in the interscapular channels of the impeller are alternately inlet and outlet, to the impeller on both sides, on the side of the openings in the interscapular channels, the gas distribution apparatus and distributor are adjoined with a gap at the same time, so that, for example, in turbines , in the first stage of expansion, the window in

the gas distribution apparatus by means of nozzles is combined with holes in the interscapular channels extending from the other side to the window in the distributor connected, for example, by a connecting pipe to the window

gas distribution apparatus, made on the same side of the impeller, which through nozzles goes to the interscapular channels of the impeller in the second stage of expansion of the working fluid, while on the other hand, the interscapular channels of the impeller exit to the window in the distributor connected to the exhaust pipe, or, for example, the window into the distributor by means of, for example, a connecting pipe, is connected to a window made on the same side of the impeller gas distribution apparatus, exiting, through nozzles to the interscapular channels of the impeller in the third stage of expansion of the working fluid, and on the other hand, these channels of the impeller exit to the distributor connected to the exhaust pipe, or with the next stage of expansion of the working fluid.

The drawings show:

FIG. 1 Multistage turbomachine as a centrifugal compressor. Front view, cut.

FIG. 2 Multistage turbomachine as a radial, centripetal turbine. Front view, cut.

FIG. 3 Multistage turbomachine as a two-wing four-stage axial turbine, detailed scheme, section view.

FIG. 4 Multistage turbomachine as a turbine and compressor combined in one unit. Front view, cut.

FIG. 5 Multistage radial-axial turbomachine. Fragment of the compressor impeller.

FIG. 6 Multistage turbomachine, radial axial, Fragment of a turbine impeller.

FIG. 7 Multistage turbomachine in the form of an axial turbine with a two-way inlet and outlet of the working fluid. Detailed diagram, section.

The multi-stage turbomachine contains a housing 1, in which, with the possibility of rotation, an impeller 2 is installed with an impeller 3 formed by blades 4, forming interscapular channels 5, containing inlet openings 6 and outlet openings 7 to which a distributor 8 is connected with a gap, containing windows 9 connected, depending on the purpose of the turbomachine, at least with the inlet pipe 10 in the compressors and with the outlet pipe 1 1 in the turbines, on the other hand the impeller 3 is adjacent to the gas distribution device 12 in Hur formed window 13 in which the nozzles are made, for example set the nozzle blade 14 and also connected, depending on the application turbomachines the inlet pipe 15 in the turbine and the exhaust pipe 16- in the compressor, the gas distribution device 12 and the distributor 8 are interconnected by at least one connecting pipe 17, the compressor may include a diffuser 18 and an additional exhaust pipe 19, made in an additional exhaust stage of the working fluid, and the turbine may contain an intermediate nozzle, for example a blade apparatus 20, the radial turbomachine may contain a spiral chamber 21, pressure feet are formed in the turbomachine: the first stupa 22, the second stage 23, for example the third stage 24 and the fourth stage 25.

Multistage turbomachinery works as follows.

In radial compressors (Fig. 1), when the impeller 2 rotates, due to centrifugal forces, the working fluid moves from the center to the periphery. AT

interscapular channels 4, due to their expansion, kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy. Additionally, the speed of the working fluid decreases in the diffuser 18 and the spiral chamber 21. As a result, the temperature, pressure and density of the working fluid increase. When entering the compressor, the working fluid through the inlet pipe 10 through the windows 9 made in the distributor gets into

the interscapular channels of the impeller coming out of the window 13 of the gas distribution apparatus 12, which forms the first stage 22 of compression of the working fluid, then, through the connecting pipe 17, the working fluid enters through the channels 9 in the distributor into the channels 4 of the impeller 3 leading to the window 13 in the gas distribution apparatus 12, forming the second a compression stage 23 of the working fluid, which can be supplied further, for example, to the third compression stage 24 of the working fluid, or by means of the outlet pipe 16, the compressed working fluid leaves the turbomachine.

To reduce the residual pressure of the working fluid in the interscapular 5 channels of the impeller 3 during their transition from the high-pressure zone to the low-pressure zone, an additional stage of expansion of the working fluid can be performed in the gas distribution device 12, connected to an additional exhaust pipe 19 through which the working fluid leaves a turbomachine, or enters an ejector (not shown in the drawings) formed in the exhaust pipe 16 of the previous high-pressure compression stage 2, where the working pressure of the body aligned and compressed working fluid is supplied to the consumer. The connecting piping 17 may contain heat exchangers (not shown in the drawings) for intermediate cooling of the working fluid in order to reduce the load on the impeller 2 and, for example, to operate the compressor in refrigeration units. For operation in refrigeration units, the connecting piping 17 may include throttle valves, (not shown in the drawings)

In a radial centripetal turbine (Fig. 2)

When the working fluid enters the spiral chamber 21 of the turbine, it has the energy of speed, temperature and pressure. Temperature and pressure of the working fluid

goes into the energy of speed in the output part of the nozzle apparatus 14. The nozzle apparatus 14 formed by the blades also serves to optimally direct the gas flow to the blades of the turbine wheel and to convert the gas energy into kinetic energy. To regulate the flow of the nozzle apparatus 14 can be performed with revolving blades. This will allow you to change the angle of entry of the flow of the working fluid on the blades 4 of the turbine wheel 2 and its power and, for example, the direction of rotation. Acting on, for example, curved blades 4 of the turbine wheel 2, the flow of the working fluid flows around them, and due to a change in the direction of movement and, for example, the jet reactive energy, creates a torque, causing the turbine wheel 2 to rotate.

When entering the turbine, the working fluid through the inlet pipe 15 through the windows 13 made in the gas distribution device 12 enters the interscapular channels 5 of the impeller 3 exiting into the window 9 in the distributor, forming the first stage 22 of the expansion of the working fluid, then, through the connecting pipe 17, the working fluid enters through windows 13 in the gas distribution device 12 into the channels 4 of the impeller 3 facing the window 9 in the distributor 8, forming the second stage 23 of the expansion of the working fluid which can flow further, for example, in Strongly stage expansion of the working body 24 or through the discharge nozzle 1 1 job leaves the body of the turbomachine.

In the axial turbine (Fig. 3), the flow of the working fluid moves in the axial direction. For example, in a two-turbine turbine containing two impellers in one housing 1, when the turbine enters the turbine, the working fluid passes through the inlet pipe 15 through windows 13 made in the gas distribution apparatus 12 into the interscapular channels 5 of the impeller 3 of the first impeller 2, forcing it to rotate in the first stage expansion 22, then through the outlet 7 of the interscapular channels 5 of the first wheels2, the working fluid enters the intermediate blade nozzle apparatus20 installed in the housing 1 and then enters the inlets 6 of the interscapular channels 4 of the second wheel2, forcing it to rotate in the second expansion stage 23, then the working fluid enters the distributor 6, in the window 9 of which at least one connecting piping ^ connected to window 15 in

gas distribution apparatus 12 of the first wheel through which the working fluid enters the interscapular channels 5 of the impeller 3 of the first impeller 2 causing it to rotate in the third expansion stage 24, then through the outlet openings 7 of the interscapular channels 5 of the first wheel 2, the working fluid enters the intermediate blade nozzle apparatus 20 installed in the housing 1 and further enters the inlet openings 6 of the interscapular channels 4 of the second wheel 2, forcing it to rotate in the fourth expansion stage 25, then the working fluid goes to a distributor 6, in the window 9 of which is made, and an exhaust pipe connected, for example, with a jet engine nozzle (not shown in the drawings) with the atmosphere or with another expansion machine.

The turbomachine can operate simultaneously as a turbine and a compressor (Fig. 4), while the working fluid through the inlet pipe 15 in the gas distribution apparatus 12 enters through the nozzles 14 into the interscapular channels 5 of the impeller 3 of the impeller 2, forcing it to rotate, then the working fluid enters the window 9 in the distributor 8 from where it enters the connecting pipe 17 and into the second stage 22 of the expansion of the working fluid, or through the window 8 it enters the outlet pipe 1 1 and leaves the turbomachine through it. In another part of the turbomachine, the working fluid through the inlet pipe 10 and the window 9 in the distributor 8 enters the interscapular channels 5 of the impeller 3, in the first stage 22 of the compression of the working fluid, and through the window 13 in

the gas distribution apparatus 12 and the diffuser 18, the working fluid enters

the connecting pipe 17, and then compressed in the second stage 23, or through the exhaust pipe 16, the compressed working fluid leaves the turbomachine.

The input of the working fluid into the interscapular ropes of the impeller can be carried out alternately on both sides of the impeller in different stages of expansion or contraction of the working fluid (Fig. 7)

The connecting piping 17 may contain heat exchangers (not shown in the drawings) for the intermediate heating of the working fluid between the pressure steps for increased turbine operation, for example, in closed-loop systems of the working fluid, for example, steam turbines.

The inlet pipe can be connected to a heat exchanger via a heat supply, for example in the form of an evaporation tank, and the outlet pipe is connected to

heat exchanger for heat removal, for example in the form of a condenser, for operation

turbomachines in steam compression refrigeration machines or in steam turbine power plants.

The application of this invention will allow the creation of efficient automobile, aircraft engines and power units, with high efficiency, reliable and compact, with high specific power. Also, the use of this invention will allow you to create efficient vacuum pumps and various compressors, including for use in refrigeration.

Claims

Claim

1. Multi-stage turbomachine, with control systems for protection control, etc., containing a ventilated or sealed housing, inside of which an impeller with a blade impeller is installed on the shaft, in which, depending on its configuration, radial, or axial, or radial-axial or axial-radial inter-blade channels, characterized in that, from the side of the inlet holes of the inter-blade channels, the impeller is adjacent with a gap to a distributor containing windows and made with the possibility of periodically aligning the inlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the impeller, during its rotation, by means of windows in the distributor , first with an inlet pipeline, and then, during its rotation, with at least one connecting pipeline for supplying the working fluid, the impeller blades can have different configurations, for example

made straight or curved, for example radial and bent in the direction opposite to the rotation of the impeller, the inter-blade channels are made, for example, with a cross-section in the form of a diffuser, from the side of the outlet holes of the inter-blade channels, the impeller, depending on the configuration of the impeller and the direction of movement of the working fluid, for example in the axial or in the radial direction, adjacent with a gap to the end, or cylindrical, or cone-shaped gas distribution apparatus, which contains windows, with the possibility of their periodic alignment with the outlet openings

inter-blade channels of the impeller, during its rotation, the windows in the gas distribution apparatus and in the distributor are designed in such a way that they form at least two stages of discharge pressure of the working fluid, for example in such a way that a certain number of inter-blade channels of the impeller, from the side of the inlet openings, are connected by distributor, with an inlet pipeline, from the side of the outlet openings they go out into a window in the gas distribution apparatus, forming the first stage of pressure injection and containing, for example, a diffuser and an outlet pipe, connected, for example, by a connecting pipeline, to another window in the distributor, opening to a certain number of inter-blade channels of the impeller with the sides of the inlet openings, while the outlet openings of these impeller channels exit into a window in the gas distribution apparatus,

forming a second pressure stage and containing, for example, a diffuser and exhaust pipe, for example connected by a connecting pipeline, via a distributor, with the next one, for example with the third stage of the working fluid discharge pressure, while the number of inter-blade channels,

gas distribution apparatus in different pressure stages decreases as the discharge pressure increases and the volume of the working fluid decreases; the last pressure stage contains, for example, a diffuser and an outlet pipe connected to

discharge pipeline and consumer, or with some additional compressor, for example in the form of another multi-stage turbomachine.

2 Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side of the outlet openings of the inter-blade channels, the surface of the gas distribution apparatus located between the windows is made with the possibility of periodically blocking completely or partially at least one inter-blade channel when the impeller rotates, and from the side of the inlet openings of the inter-blade channels, the surface of the distributor located between the windows is made with the possibility of periodically blocking completely or partially at least one

the inter-blade channel of the impeller, during its rotation, for example, at the moment the outlet of the same channel is blocked by the gas distribution apparatus.

3. Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the last and first stages of pressure injection there is an additional stage of release of the compressed working fluid, for example in such a way that in the additional stage of release the window in the gas distribution apparatus is connected for some time With

the outlet of at least one channel of the impeller, while the inlet of this channel is blocked by the distributor, then, when the impeller rotates, the outlet of this channel can be blocked for a certain time by the gas distribution apparatus and open from the side of the inlet into the window in the distributor, which is connected with the inlet pipeline, then, when the impeller rotates, this impeller channel is combined with a window in the gas distribution apparatus and with a window in the distributor in the first stage of injection of the working fluid.

4 Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 3, characterized in that the last stage of pressure injection is designed in such a way that the outlet pipe is made in the form of an active flow nozzle of an ejector, the outlet of which is connected, for example, to

consumer of the compressed working fluid, and the ejector input is connected to an additional working gel release stage, while on the side of the inlet openings the inter-blade channels of the impeller, located in the additional working fluid release stage, are blocked by a distributor.

5. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that

distributor, impeller blades, gas distribution apparatus and other elements of a multi-stage turbomachine form both a turbine and a compressor in one turbomachine, and are designed in such a way that part of the inter-blade channels of the same impeller are located in one or several stages of expansion of the working fluid in the turbine , while the other part of the inter-blade channels in the same impeller is located in one or several stages of discharge of the working fluid in the compressor.

6. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distributor, or at least part of it, is made in the form of an inlet guide vane, for example, with the ability to regulate the cross-section of the distributor windows, and in the distributor windows, for example, guide vanes are made, for example rotary.

7. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that

The gas distribution apparatus, the impeller blades and the distributor are designed in such a way that at the moment of transition of the inter-blade channel from the high-pressure stage to the lower-pressure stage, the outlet of the inter-blade channel of the impeller begins to open first, while the inlet of this inter-blade channel is blocked by the distributor for a longer period of time.

8. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that

The connecting pipelines contain heat removal heat exchangers.

9 . Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that

the inter-blade channels of one impeller and the windows in the gas distribution apparatus and distributor form, for example, two or more symmetrically executed identical compression stages of the working fluid.

10 . Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the housing, on one shaft, either coaxially, or on different shafts with a common or separate drives, for example, two or more impellers are made, for example

connected in series with connecting pipelines.

1 1. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing is sealed, the inlet pipeline is connected, for example, to an evaporation tank containing a heat exchanger for heat supply, and the outlet pipe is connected, for example, to a condenser containing a heat exchanger for heat removal, with In this case, the condenser and the evaporation tank are connected by a pipeline containing a throttle valve.

12. Multi-stage turbomachine, but claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the impeller of the impeller is of a closed type and contains blades made between two surfaces and forming inter-blade channels with inlet and outlet holes

13 Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holes in the inter-blade channels of the impeller are alternately inlet and outlet, the gas distribution apparatus and the distributor are adjacent to the impeller on both sides, from the side of the holes in the inter-blade channels, with a gap, for example in this way that in the first stage of injection of the working fluid, the inlet pipe is connected to a window in the distributor, which opens to the holes in the impeller channels, which, on the other hand, open to the window of the gas distribution apparatus, for example, containing a blade diffuser and connected, for example, by a connecting pipeline with a window made with this on the same side of the distributor impeller in the second stage of pressure injection, while in this stage, on the other side of the impeller, the channel openings open to a window in a gas distribution apparatus, for example, containing a blade diffuser and connected, for example, to the outlet pipe and further, for example, to a compressed consumer working fluid, or, for example, by means of a connecting pipeline, this window in the gas distribution apparatus is connected to a window in the distributor, located on the same side of the impeller and leading to the next pressure injection stage.

14. Multi-stage turbomachine, with control systems for protection control, etc., containing a ventilated or sealed housing, inside of which at least one impeller with a blade impeller is installed on the shaft, in which, depending on its configuration, radial , or axial, or radial-axial, or axial-radial inter-blade channels, characterized in that, on the side of the outlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the impeller, a distributor is installed with a gap, made with the possibility of periodic alignment outlet openings of the inter-blade channels, when the impeller rotates, through windows made in the distributor, for example with at least one connecting pipeline for supplying the working fluid, and then, in the direction of rotation of the impeller, with the outlet pipe, the impeller blades are made, for example, rectilinear or curved, for example trough-shaped, for example radial and bent in the direction opposite to the rotation of the impeller and form

inter-blade channels with a cross-section, for example, confuser-diffuser, straight or confuser, on the side of the inlet openings of the inter-blade channels, the impeller, depending on the configuration of the impeller and the direction of movement of the working fluid, for example in the axial or radial direction, is adjacent with a gap to the end one, or to a cylindrical or cone-shaped gas distribution apparatus containing windows, with the possibility of periodically combining them with the inlet openings of the inter-blade channels of the impeller, during its rotation, while the windows in the gas distribution apparatus are designed in such a way that they represent a nozzle apparatus, for example, in the form of installed in windows of a number of blades forming nozzles, for example confuser, or confuser-diffuser and directed towards the blades of the impeller, in the course of its rotation, the impeller, gas distribution apparatus and distributor form expansion stages of the working fluid in such a way that a certain number of inter-blade channels of the impeller, on the inlet side holes and nozzle apparatus connected by means of

gas distribution apparatus with an inlet pipe, exit from the side of the outlet openings into a window in the distributor for the release of the working fluid from the first expansion stage, connected, for example, by a connecting pipeline with a window in the gas distribution apparatus, forming, through the nozzle apparatus, a certain number of inter-blade channels of the impeller and the next window in the distributor a second stage of expansion of the working fluid, for example connected through a connecting pipeline, gas distribution apparatus and nozzle apparatus with the next one, for example the third stage of expansion of the working fluid, while the last stage of expansion of the working fluid contains an outlet pipe connected, for example, to the atmosphere, with the next expansion machine, or with a jet engine nozzle, and the number and, for example, volume of inter-blade channels connected simultaneously to certain windows in the distributor and in the gas distribution apparatus, in different expansion stages working fluid increases as the pressure and temperature of the working fluid drops in different stages of expansion.

15. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the connecting pipelines contain heat exchangers for heat supply.

16 . Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the inter-blade channels of one impeller and windows in the gas distribution apparatus and

the distributor form, for example, two or more symmetrically designed

identical stages of expansion of the working fluid.

17. Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the impeller impeller is of a closed type and contains blades made between two surfaces and forming inter-blade channels with inlet and outlet holes

18. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that it contains at least two impellers located in one housing, the impellers are installed on one or on separate shafts, for example coaxially and are made, for example, in such a way that in front of the inlet holes inter-blade channels of the first impeller, a gas distribution apparatus is made, in the windows of which are made, for example, blade nozzle devices, the outlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the first wheel, exit into the intermediate blade nozzle device, installed in the housing with a gap to the inlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the second wheel, the outlet holes of which go to distributor, in the windows of which there is at least one connecting pipeline connected to the window in the gas distribution apparatus of the first wheel, and an outlet pipe connected, for example, to the nozzle of a jet engine with atmosphere or to another expansion machine, while the first stage of expansion of the working fluid is made in the gas distribution apparatus and in part of the inter-blade channels of the first impeller, the second stage of expansion is made in the intermediate nozzle apparatus and in part of the inter-blade channels of the second impeller, respectively, the third stage of expansion is made in the gas distribution apparatus and in part of the inter-blade channels of the first wheel, and the fourth stage of expansion is made in the intermediate nozzle apparatus and in part of the interblade channels of the second impeller of the turbomachine.

19. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that it contains at least two impellers located in one housing, the impellers are installed on separate shafts, for example coaxially, with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions, and are made, for example, in such a way what's before

the inlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the first impeller are made of a gas distribution apparatus, in the windows of which are made, for example, blade nozzle devices, the outlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the first wheel, exit with a gap to the inlet holes of the inter-blade channels of the second wheel, the outlet holes of which go to the distributor, in the windows of which it is made as at least one connecting pipeline connected to the window in

gas distribution apparatus of the first wheel, and an outlet pipe connected, for example, to the nozzle of a jet engine, to the atmosphere, or to another expansion machine, while the first stage of expansion of the working fluid is made in

gas distribution apparatus and in part of the inter-blade channels of the first impeller, the second stage of expansion is made in part of the inter-blade channels of the second impeller, respectively, the third stage of expansion is made in

gas distribution apparatus and in part of the inter-blade channels of the first wheel, and the fourth expansion stage is made in part of the inter-blade channels of the second wheel of the turbomachine.

20. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that at least two multistage turbomachines in separate housings are connected to each other, for example by connecting pipelines sequentially or non-sequentially, for example in such a way that the first stage of expansion of the working fluid is made in one wheel, in one turbomachine, and the second expansion stage is made in one wheel, in another turbomachine, respectively, for example, the third expansion stage is made, for example, in the wheel of the first turbomachine, and for example, the fourth expansion stage is made in the wheel in the second turbomachine, while both wheels or both turbomachines are made on the same shaft, or on separate shafts, for example coaxially.

21. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the nozzles of the nozzle apparatus are made with the ability to change their cross-section, for example, rotary, for example, with the ability to change the direction of supply to the blades of the working fluid and, accordingly, change the direction of rotation of the impeller impeller.

22. Multistage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the distributor, impeller blades, gas distribution apparatus and other elements

multi-stage turbomachine, form both a turbine and a compressor in one turbomachine, and are designed in such a way that part of the inter-blade channels of the same impeller are located in one or several stages of expansion of the working fluid in the turbine, while the other part of the inter-blade channels is in the same The impellers are located in one or several stages of discharge of the working fluid in the compressor.

23. Multistage turbomachine, according to claim 14, characterized in that it is made in the form of a centrifugal turbine, with a distributor, impeller blades and

the gas distribution apparatus, the nozzle apparatus and other elements of the multi-stage turbomachine are made in such a way that the impeller impeller is made radial, the inlet openings of the inter-blade channels and the adjacent nozzle apparatus are made from the shaft side, and the outlet openings of the inter-blade channels, the distributor and the outlet pipes are made from the outer side radius of the impeller impeller.

24. Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that on the side of the inlet openings of the inter-blade channels, the surface of the gas distribution apparatus, adjacent with a gap to the impeller and located between the windows, is made with the possibility of periodically blocking completely or partially at least one inter-blade channel at rotation of the impeller, and on the side of the outlet holes, the surface of the distributor made between the windows is made with the possibility of periodically blocking completely or partially at least one inter-blade channel of the impeller, for example, at the moment of its blocking from the inlet side by the gas distribution apparatus.

25. Multi-stage turbomachine according to claim 14, characterized in that the holes in the inter-blade channels of the impeller are alternately inlet and outlet, the gas distribution apparatus and the distributor are adjacent to the impeller on both sides, from the side of the holes in the inter-blade channels, with a gap, so that for example in turbines, in the first stage of expansion there is a window in

in the gas distribution apparatus, by means of nozzles, it is combined with holes in the inter-blade channels exiting on the other side to a window in the distributor connected, for example, by a connecting pipeline to the window gas distribution apparatus, made on the same side of the impeller, which, through nozzles, goes to the inter-blade channels of the impeller in the second stage of expansion of the working fluid, while on the other hand, the inter-blade channels of the impeller go to a window in the distributor connected to the outlet pipe, or, for example, a window in the distributor by means of, for example, a connecting pipeline, connected to a window made on the same side of the impeller of the gas distribution apparatus, which exits, through nozzles, to the inter-blade channels of the impeller in the third stage of expansion of the working fluid, and on the other side, these impeller channels exit to the distributor connected to the outlet pipe, or with the next stage of expansion of the working fluid.