WO2013182822A1 - Method and device for the continuous and maintenance-free measurement of particles in the air - Google Patents
Method and device for the continuous and maintenance-free measurement of particles in the air Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013182822A1 WO2013182822A1 PCT/FR2013/051303 FR2013051303W WO2013182822A1 WO 2013182822 A1 WO2013182822 A1 WO 2013182822A1 FR 2013051303 W FR2013051303 W FR 2013051303W WO 2013182822 A1 WO2013182822 A1 WO 2013182822A1
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- Prior art keywords
- particles
- air
- measuring
- virtual impactor
- branches
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004848 nephelometry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010061216 Infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2208—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with impactors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0272—Investigating particle size or size distribution with screening; with classification by filtering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/065—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using condensation nuclei counters
-
- G01N15/075—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
- G01N2015/0261—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections using impactors
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a method and a device for continuous and maintenance-free measurement of particles in the air.
- the present invention applies, especially to systems to prevent people, including people with fragile health, risks incurred if they expose themselves to too polluted air. It is noted that the particles considered can be solid or liquid.
- the present invention aims, in particular, to instantaneously detect, in the immediate environment of a user, particulate pollutants of a predetermined size suspended in air, the quantity of which would be greater than a predetermined limit value, by example provided by the public health services, and to warn that user.
- PM10 particles smaller than 10 ⁇
- PM2.5 ultrafine particles but they generally represent a small, not necessarily constant, of all particles.
- the knowledge of only PM10 particles does not allow to have an idea of the PM2.5 particle concentration, the most dangerous.
- filters Another technique is to use filters. But these filters clog quickly and / or see their ability to let only the particles to be measured to degrade. There are also cyclone separators but these, beyond the fact that they have a significant footprint, require a speed and especially a high air pressure that require the implementation of air pumps that consume energy and therefore hardly compatible with a nomadic use.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.
- the present invention aims, in a first aspect, a device for measuring the amount of particles in the air, which comprises:
- a virtual multi-branch impactor positioned on the air path, upstream of the suction means, for separating particles of different dimensions
- a filter configured to retain particles that must not be measured
- a means for measuring the quantity of particles leaving at least one branch of the virtual impactor including at least one branch of the virtual impactor provided with a filter.
- the particles of different dimensions are separated on two branches of the virtual impactor, the particles are filtered on at least one of these branches and the amount of residual particles is measured. It is thus possible, at very low cost, to measure the level of particles in a range of dimensions, in particular the rate of particles of smaller dimensions.
- the device of the present invention had an efficiency greater than 80% compared to the efficiency of a conventional sampling head, close to 50%.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor upstream of the suction means.
- a single suction means for example a single fan or a single mini-pump, may be sufficient to operate the device.
- particles of smaller dimensions which would have followed the path of larger particles, pass through the filter that holds the larger particles and can be measured.
- the means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor upstream of the suction means is positioned upstream of the means for measuring the quantity of particles.
- the measuring means can measure the quantity of all the particles passing through the device.
- the means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor upstream of the suction means is positioned downstream of the means for measuring the quantity of particles.
- the measuring means can measure the quantity of the only particles according to one of the branches of the virtual impactor, in the particle size range that this branch selects.
- a single suction means for example a single fan or a single mini-pump, may be sufficient to operate the device.
- particles of smaller dimensions which would have followed the path of larger particles, pass through the filter that holds the larger particles and can be measured.
- a pipe of the air flow entering the measuring means is substantially oriented perpendicular to the plane of air flow in the virtual impactor.
- the suction means is a single fan or a single pump configured to draw air into each of the branches of the virtual impactor.
- the filter is made of hydrophilic material to dampen the variations of humidity of the air.
- the air suction means is positioned downstream of the measuring means, on the air path.
- the virtual impactor includes: a first part configured to orient at least part of the air flow entering in a first direction and
- a second part configured to separate the flow of air directed in the first direction between:
- the virtual impactor is particularly compact, the particles of smaller dimensions along the path having the highest angle.
- the first portion separates the incoming air flow into two air streams oriented symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry and the second portion has a symmetrical shape with respect to said plane of symmetry.
- the air path section between the first and second portions is increasing along the air path.
- the effectiveness of the virtual impactor is improved because the smaller sized particles have a speed that reduces along the virtual impactor.
- the means for measuring the quantity of particles is a nephelometer
- the means for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to perform optical counting
- the means for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to perform a beta absorption on a collector filter
- the means for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to determine a change in mass of an oscillating piece or
- the means for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to measure a condensation of the particles.
- each filter configured to retain particles that are not to be measured is placed on each leg of the virtual impactor carrying the medium-sized particles.
- the device which is the subject of the present invention further comprises an electronic circuit equipped with a microprocessor configured to compare the value of the particulate concentration measured by the means for measuring the quantity of particles with at least one value. predetermined limit and to issue an alert signal if exceeding a said limit value.
- the user especially if his health is fragile, can be alerted that the particle rate exceeds a recommended limit value.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises a single power supply and data transmission connector representative of the measurement made by the measuring means.
- the device of the present invention can be connected to a computer, possibly portable computer tablet and / or a cell phone.
- the present invention aims a method for measuring the amount of particles in the air, which comprises:
- a filtering step on at least one of said branches, with a filter configured to retain particles that must not be measured and
- the present invention aims at a device for measuring the quantity of particles in the air, which comprises:
- an air suction means for measuring the particle content
- a virtual multi-branch impactor positioned on the air path, upstream of the suction means, for separating particles of different dimensions
- a pipe of the air flow entering the measuring means is substantially oriented perpendicular to the plane of air flow in the virtual impactor.
- the present invention is directed to a device for measuring the amount of particles in the air, which comprises:
- a virtual multi-branch impactor positioned on the air path, upstream of the suction means, for separating particles of different dimensions
- suction means is unique and is configured to draw air into each of the branches of the virtual impactor.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents, in a section C-C, from above, a first particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 2 schematically represents, in a section AA, the device illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents, in a section BB, the device illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2,
- FIG. 4 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps for implementing the method that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 5 represents, schematically and in sectional view, a second particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention.
- the device 10 for measuring the amount of particles in the air comprises, in a housing 1 1:
- a virtual impactor consisting of two parts 12 and 13, with several branches symbolized by arrows 17 and 18, virtual impactor positioned on the air path, upstream of the suction means 19, to separate particles of different dimensions,
- a filter 14 configured to retain particles that must not be measured
- the device measures three centimeters by four centimeters. Its height is five millimeters.
- An air flow 16 enters the housing 1 1 through the action of a miniature fan 19, preferably a single fan or a single mini pump, a flow rate of one to five liters / minute, positioned in the outlet 15.
- This air outlet 15 is preferably orthogonal to the plane of air flow in the impactor 12, 13.
- Part 12 is a flow concentrator 12, which focuses the air entering a vein just before encountering the flow separator 13.
- the virtual impactor 12, 13 comprises, in this embodiment:
- a first portion 12 configured to orient at least a portion of the incoming airflow in a first direction
- a second part 13 configured to separate the flow of air oriented in the first direction between:
- the virtual impactor is particularly compact, the particles of smaller dimensions along the path having the highest angle.
- the first portion 12 separates the incoming air flow into two air streams oriented symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry and the second portion has a symmetrical shape with respect to said plane of symmetry. The risk of clogging the virtual impactor is thus reduced by the multiplicity of paths.
- the flow separator 13 is positioned above the orthogonal suction outlet 15 so that the outlet 15 is separated into two parts of different areas and whose ratio of the rear surfaces (for the airflow 18) over before (for the air flow 17) is between 1, 1 and 20.
- the smaller part of the suction outlet 15 draws the secondary air stream 18, which does not undergo a deflection at the flow separator 13.
- the largest part of the suction outlet 15 draws the flow main air 17 which has undergone the greatest deviation at the separator 13.
- the precise dimensions of the concentrator 12, the separator 13 and the housing 1 1 thus allow large particles continue their course substantially rectilinearly into the filter 14 where they will be stopped. Conversely, the fine particles, entrained by the air flow 17, pass directly into the suction outlet 15.
- the measuring means is located in or opposite the suction outlet 15.
- Each filter 14 configured to retain particles that must not be measured is placed on each branch of the virtual impactor carrying the particles with the average dimensions are the highest, to measure only the amount of smaller particles, which are the most dangerous for the man.
- the suction means 19 is preferably located downstream of the measuring means 20.
- the particles do not pass into the suction means 19 before entering the measuring means 20. It is thus avoided that shear forces at the blades of the fans (whose speed may be greater than 20 m / s) or at the level of the pump membrane lead to the fractionation of the particles, or even to their evaporation in case of liquid particles, which would distort the measurement, possibly by a factor of two to three.
- the means 20 for measuring the quantity of particles is a nephelometer
- the means 20 for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to perform optical counting
- the means 20 for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to perform a beta absorption on a collecting filter
- the means 20 for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to determine a change in mass of an oscillating piece or
- the means 20 for measuring the quantity of particles is configured to measure condensation of the particles.
- the measurement of the quantity of particles has the precision of the physical principle thus used.
- a more elaborate version of the device implements a virtual impactor with three branches, to allow the measurement of several granulometric slices such as PM1 particles and PM2.5 particles.
- the filter 14 is made of hydrophilic material so that the flow of air 18 which passes through is buffered in moisture. It avoids the artifacts often observed in the measurement of particles, namely that in case of sudden change in humidity, especially when passing from the inside of a building to the outside, the particle size may vary abruptly. and temporarily involving measurement errors.
- the filter 14 ends up clogging and must then be changed, but the very low costs achieved make it possible to consider replacing purely and simply the entire device every year or every two years, in order to avoid a re-calibration that would have been more expensive.
- the term "maintenance free" of the present invention then corresponds to a lack of maintenance during the lifetime of the device.
- the device 10 also implements a device for measuring the concentration of particles such as a nephelometer, an electronic circuit equipped with a microprocessor making it possible to compare the values of particulate concentrations with the regulatory thresholds of the pollutants and to alert the persons individually. Exceeding an air pollution threshold, harmful to health.
- a visual alarm (a light-emitting diode, a liquid crystal display), audible (buzzer) or vibrating (vibrator), reliable is given by an electronic circuit managing the levels of alerts.
- a first application is an individual alert device worn on the wrist or belt, which alerts asthmatics or cardiovascular patients to the presence of a peak of pollution to particles or pollens so that they adapt their activity and thus reduce the risk of asthma attacks or infarcts, respectively.
- a second application of the device is home automation, the device being powered by a USB type connector and regularly transmitting measurement results to a central monitoring of a local, for example professional to prevent its occupants from a peak pollution .
- the small size and low cost of the device 10 also allows it to be used in all air conditioning systems to warn of the need to increase ventilation or change the filter.
- Other implementation details of embodiments of the device that is the subject of the present invention are given below.
- the virtual impactor 12, 13 separates the particles of different dimensions on at least two branches.
- the particles are filtered on at least one of these branches and the amount of residual particles is measured. It is thus possible, at very low cost, to measure the level of particles in a range of dimensions, in particular the rate of particles of smaller dimensions.
- a means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor upstream of the particle quantity measuring means makes it possible to use only a single fan or a single mini-pump. The cost of the device is thus further reduced and its compactness is improved.
- particles of smaller dimensions which would have followed the path of larger particles, pass through the filter that holds the larger particles and can be measured.
- a ducting of the air flow entering the measuring means is substantially oriented perpendicularly to the air circulation plane in the virtual impactor, which improves the air flow. compactness of the device.
- the device of the present invention further comprises an electronic circuit (not shown) having a microprocessor configured to compare the particle concentration value measured by the particle quantity measuring means. with at least one predetermined limit value and for issuing an alert signal if a said limit value is exceeded.
- the user especially if his health is fragile, can be alerted that the particle rate exceeds a recommended limit value.
- the device which is the subject of the present invention comprises a single power supply and data transmission connector representative of the measurement made by the measuring means.
- the device which is the subject of the present invention can thus be connected to a computer, possibly portable, to a computer tablet and / or to a cellular telephone, by a USB type connector.
- a computer possibly portable, to a computer tablet and / or to a cellular telephone, by a USB type connector.
- only the fine particles passing through one of the branches of the virtual impactor are measured, preferably by positioning the measuring means before the meeting of the air flows by the single suction means or by providing two suction means. In these two cases, preferably, the direction of the air flow entering the measuring means is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the air flows in the virtual impactor.
- the method for measuring the amount of particles in the air comprises:
- the transmission of the measured data is done via a single connector serving both to power the device and to the transmission of data and program updates, for example according to the USB standart (acronym Universal Serial Bus for universal serial bus, connector standard).
- the device also comprises a battery recharged by this connector and a temporary storage memory of the collected data and the crossing of limit values. Tests have shown that the device and method of the present invention have an efficiency greater than 80% compared to the efficiency of a conventional sampling head, close to 50%.
- FIG. 5 shows, in the second embodiment 60 of the device forming the subject of the present invention, the same components as in the first embodiment 10, with the exception of the filter 14 and the measuring means 20.
- the means 20 is replaced by a measuring means 61 which measures only the quantity of particles leaving the internal branch of the virtual impactor 12 and 13 conveying the air flow 17.
- FIG. 6 shows, in the third embodiment 70 of the device that is the subject of the present invention, the same components as in the first embodiment 10, with the exception of the measuring means 20, which is replaced by a means measurement 71 which measures only the amount of particles leaving the outer branch of the virtual impactor 12 and 13 conveying the air flow 18.
- the device 10, 60 or 70 for measuring the amount of particles in the air comprises:
- a virtual impactor 12 and 13 with several branches positioned on the air path, upstream of the suction means, for separating particles of different dimensions,
- a pipe of the air flow entering the measuring means 61 is substantially oriented perpendicularly to the plane of air flow in the virtual impactor 12 and 13.
- the device 10, 60 or 70 for measuring the amount of particles in the air comprises:
- a suction means 19 for the air whose particle content is to be measured a virtual impactor 12 and 13 with several branches positioned on the air path, upstream of the suction means, for separating particles of different dimensions,
- suction means 19 is unique and is configured to draw air into each of the branches of the virtual impactor 12 and 13.
- the device that is the subject of the invention comprises means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor 12 and 13 upstream of the suction means.
- this means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor 12 and 13 upstream of the suction means 19 is positioned upstream of the measuring means 20 of the quantity of particles.
- this means for joining the air passing through at least two branches of the virtual impactor 12 and 13 upstream of the suction means is positioned downstream of the measuring means 61 or 71. the amount of particles.
- the device is provided, for at least two branches of the virtual impactor 12 and 13, a measuring means 61 and 71 for the amount of particles leaving each of said branches of the virtual impactor, each measuring means 61 and 71 providing a signal representative of a quantity of particles in a different range of particle sizes.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1201638 | 2012-06-06 | ||
FR1201638A FR2991772B1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2012-06-06 | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY MEASURING AND NON-MAINTENANCE OF PARTICLES IN AIR AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE |
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WO2013182822A1 true WO2013182822A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2013/051303 WO2013182822A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-06-06 | Method and device for the continuous and maintenance-free measurement of particles in the air |
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FR (1) | FR2991772B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013182822A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105043822A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-11-11 | 江苏天瑞仪器股份有限公司 | Atmospheric particulates collection and measurement device |
WO2018024984A1 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | Finsecur | Detector of smoke, gas or particles; system and method for detecting smoke, gas or particles |
FR3054915A1 (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-09 | Finsecur | SMOKE, GAS OR PARTICLE DETECTOR, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTION OF SMOKE, GAS OR PARTICLES |
FR3054916A1 (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-09 | Finsecur | SMOKE DETECTOR, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING SMOKE |
US9933351B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-04-03 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Personal airborne particle monitor with quantum dots |
US10458990B1 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2019-10-29 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Spore state discrimination |
US10684209B1 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-06-16 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Particle collection media cartridge with tensioning mechanism |
EP3834906A3 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-07-14 | Wenker GmbH & Co. Kg | Device and method for separating suspended matter from gas streams |
US11808681B1 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2023-11-07 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Airborne particle monitor having illumination sleeve with shaped borehole for increased efficiency |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105043822A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-11-11 | 江苏天瑞仪器股份有限公司 | Atmospheric particulates collection and measurement device |
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US9933351B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2018-04-03 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Personal airborne particle monitor with quantum dots |
US10330578B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2019-06-25 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Airborne particle monitor with orientation control |
US10458990B1 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2019-10-29 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Spore state discrimination |
US10684209B1 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-06-16 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Particle collection media cartridge with tensioning mechanism |
WO2018024984A1 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | Finsecur | Detector of smoke, gas or particles; system and method for detecting smoke, gas or particles |
FR3054915A1 (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-09 | Finsecur | SMOKE, GAS OR PARTICLE DETECTOR, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTION OF SMOKE, GAS OR PARTICLES |
FR3054916A1 (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-09 | Finsecur | SMOKE DETECTOR, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING SMOKE |
US11808681B1 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2023-11-07 | Scanit Technologies, Inc. | Airborne particle monitor having illumination sleeve with shaped borehole for increased efficiency |
EP3834906A3 (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-07-14 | Wenker GmbH & Co. Kg | Device and method for separating suspended matter from gas streams |
Also Published As
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FR2991772A1 (en) | 2013-12-13 |
FR2991772B1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
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