Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
  • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
  • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
  • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
  • B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
  • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
  • B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
  • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
  • B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator

Definitions

• Heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle and method for implementing such an installation are known in the art.
• the invention is specific to the field of heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning of a motor vehicle, including an electric or hybrid motor vehicle.
• the invention also relates to a method of implementing such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to various modes of operation.
• a motor vehicle particularly an electric or hybrid motor vehicle whose propulsion is at least partially provided by an electric motor, is commonly equipped with a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system to modify the aerothermal parameters of a passenger compartment of the vehicle. by delivering a flow of conditioned air inside the passenger compartment.
• the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system may comprise an air conditioning loop, within which a refrigerant circulates, and a secondary loop, inside which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
• a bi-fluid heat exchanger is integrated in the air conditioning loop and the secondary loop, so that the coolant and the heat transfer fluid can exchange heat reciprocally.
• the air conditioning loop comprises a compressor, capable of compressing the refrigerant, at least one expansion member, adapted to allow expansion of the cooling fluid, an external heat exchanger, adapted to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and a flow of ambient air, such as a flow of air outside the vehicle, and an indoor heat exchanger, adapted to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant and an indoor air flow, adapted to be broadcast inside the cabin.
• the air-conditioning loop may comprise at least one control device, capable of allowing an arrangement of the heating, ventilation and / or heating installation. air conditioning according to various modes of operation.
• the air conditioning loop may also include a refrigerant accumulator, adapted to prevent an intake of coolant in the liquid state inside the compressor.
• the secondary loop comprises a second indoor heat exchanger, capable of exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid, advantageously provided for heating the interior air flow intended to be diffused inside the passenger compartment.
• heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system alternately according to a so-called “heating” mode of operation, wherein the interior air flow is reheated prior to the diffusion thereof into the The cabin of the vehicle, and according to a mode of operation called "air conditioning", in which the interior air flow is cooled prior to the diffusion of it in the passenger compartment, may prove ineffective.
• heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems may pose risks of icing of the external heat exchanger, for example when switching between two modes of operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system. in particular, when the temperature of the outside air flow is relatively low or when it is desired to extract heat from the outside air flow.
• heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems are not suitable for diffusing the interior air flow without fogging the windshield and / or windows of the vehicle, for example when switching between two operating modes. the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system.
• heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installations make it possible to ensure the cooling of electrical equipment of the vehicle, such as a battery, engine or electronic power unit.
• electrical equipment of the vehicle such as a battery, engine or electronic power unit.
• heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems may require a large number of components to perform such a cooling function of electrical equipment.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system suitable for equipping an electric or hybrid motor vehicle, offering various modes of operation, in particular a mode of operation called “air conditioning” and at least one mode of operation. operation called “heat pump” or “heating”.
• a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is arranged to allow a so-called “defrost” operating mode, and to allow a simple way of operating a "cooling component” mode.
• Another object of the present invention is to propose a method of implementing such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation in order to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system according to various operating modes so as to simple.
• the subject of the invention is a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system for a motor vehicle comprising
• an air conditioning loop inside which circulates a refrigerant fluid comprising a compressor, an external heat exchanger, capable of ensuring a heat exchange with an outside air flow, a first indoor heat exchanger, suitable for ensure a heat exchange with a cabin airflow intended to be diffused in a passenger compartment of the vehicle, and,
• the air conditioning circuit comprises at least a first switching member, a second switching member and a third switching member, such that:
• the first switching member is arranged between the compressor and the second switching member
• the second switching member is arranged between the first switching member and the third switching member
• the third switching member is arranged between the external heat exchanger and the first indoor heat exchanger.
• the external heat exchanger and / or the first indoor heat exchanger and / or the bi-fluid heat exchanger are configured to function as a condenser or as an evaporator.
• the air conditioning loop includes:
• a third expansion member interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger and the bi-fluid heat exchanger.
• the air conditioning circuit comprises at least one bypass device arranged in parallel with the first detent member and / or in parallel with the second detent member and / or in parallel with the third detent member.
• a bypass device comprises a nonreturn valve.
• the bypass device may also include a two-way valve.
• the air conditioning loop comprises an accumulator arranged upstream of the compressor, according to the refrigerant circulation direction.
• the secondary loop comprises a second indoor heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with a cabin air flow.
• the first indoor heat exchanger is arranged upstream of the second indoor heat exchanger, according to the direction of flow of the cabin air flow capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• an additional heat exchanger is advantageously arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger, according to the direction of flow of the cabin airflow capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the secondary loop comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant and a component embedded in the vehicle.
• the subject of the present invention is also a method for implementing a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation according to the features detailed above, comprising at least one step of arranging the first switching member, the second switching member and of the third switching member so that, from the compressor, the coolant circulates successively
• air conditioning or according to a mode of operation called “defrosting” or according to a mode of operation called “cooling of a component”, and / or
• heat pump in the bi-fluid heat exchanger and then in the first indoor heat exchanger, in particular in a first or a second operating mode called “heat pump” or “heating” or according to a mode of operation called “dehumidification” or according to a mode of operation known as “hot gas” or according to a mode of operation known as “heat pump with double expansion".
• the step of arranging the first switching member, the second switching member and the third switching member is such that the coolant also circulates successively in the first indoor heat exchanger and then in the the outdoor heat exchanger.
• the method of implementation may also include:
• implementation method can also include:
• implementation method can also comprise:
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of a motor vehicle according to the present invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "air-conditioning",
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a first operating mode known as "heat pump” or "heating”,
• FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a second operating mode known as "heat pump” or "heating",
• FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "dehumidification",
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation of FIG. 1 according to a mode of operation known as "defrosting",
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to an operating mode called "cooling of a component”
• FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1 according to a so-called "hot gas" operating mode
• FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to a mode of operation called "heat pump double trigger”.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 of a motor vehicle according to the present invention.
• Such a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 makes it possible to modify the aerothermal parameters of a passenger compartment of a vehicle by diffusing a cabin air flow FH, or interior air flow, at a defined temperature inside. of the cockpit.
• the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 may comprise a blower (not shown) for circulating the interior airflow FH from at least one air intake mouth to at least one mouth air diffusion in the passenger compartment.
• a blower (not shown) for circulating the interior airflow FH from at least one air intake mouth to at least one mouth air diffusion in the passenger compartment.
• it may be a defrosting / defogging mouth capable of diffusing the cabin airflow FH to the windshield and / or windows of the vehicle.
• the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 comprises an air-conditioning loop 3, in which a refrigerant fluid FR circulates, and a secondary loop 5, in which circulates an heat-transfer fluid FC, such as a mixture of water and glycol.
• a refrigerant fluid FR circulates
• FC heat-transfer fluid
• the terms “downstream”, “upstream”, “in series” and “in parallel” describe the position of one component relative to another, according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in the loop of air conditioning 3 or in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid FC in the secondary loop 5.
• the terms "open” and “closed” describe the state of a component allowing, respectively, to allow and / or block a passage of refrigerant FR or heat transfer fluid FC.
• the air-conditioning loop 3 comprises a compressor 7, an external heat exchanger 9, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with an outside air flow FE, a first indoor heat exchanger 11, adapted to ensure a heat exchange with the cabin air flow FH, at least a first expansion member 13i, adapted to ensure an expansion of the refrigerant fluid FR.
• the air conditioning loop 3 comprises the first expansion member 13i, a second expansion member 13 2 and a third expansion member 133, adapted to provide an expansion of the refrigerant fluid FR.
• the air conditioning loop 3 comprises at least a first switching member 15i, for configuring the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 in different operating modes.
• the air-conditioning loop 3 comprises the first switching member 15i, a second switching member 15 2 and a third switching member 15 3 , making it possible to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation 1 in different modes of operation. operation.
• the different operating modes of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system are, for example:
• air-conditioning a mode of operation known as "air-conditioning”, able to cool the flow of cabin air FH diffused in the passenger compartment
• heat pump a mode of operation known as "heat pump” or “heating”
• heat pump a second mode of operation called “heat pump” or “heating”, able to dehumidify and then heat the flow of cabin air FH diffused in the passenger compartment,
• dehumidification a mode of operation called "dehumidification", able to dehumidify the interior airflow FH diffused into the passenger compartment,
• defrosting a mode of operation called "defrosting", capable of ensuring a defrosting of the external heat exchanger
• cooling of a component able to cool a component arranged in the vehicle
• hot gas a mode of operation known as "hot gas"
• the air conditioning loop 3 and the secondary loop 5 are interacting via a bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, adapted to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid FR and the coolant FC.
• the secondary loop 5 comprises a second indoor heat exchanger 21, adapted to provide a heat exchange with the cabin air flow FH diffused into the passenger compartment.
• the secondary loop 5 may comprise a pump, not shown, adapted to ensure the circulation of the heat transfer fluid FC in the secondary loop 5.
• the compressor 7 receives, at its inlet, the refrigerating fluid FR in the gaseous state, at low pressure and at low temperature, as illustrated schematically by the acronym BP in the figures.
• the compressor 7 makes it possible to raise the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR, as schematically illustrated by the symbol HP in the figures.
• an accumulator 23 can be provided upstream of the compressor 7, making it possible to separate a gaseous phase and a liquid phase from the refrigerating fluid FR so as to avoid an intake of refrigerant fluid FR in the state
• the external heat exchanger 9 is, for example, arranged at the front of the vehicle so as to be traversed by the outside air flow FE from the outside of the vehicle. vehicle.
• the outdoor heat exchanger 9 is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator, depending on the operating mode of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
• the outdoor heat exchanger 9 receives the refrigerant FR in the form of gas at high pressure and at high temperature.
• the high pressure, high temperature gas yields heat to the outside air flow FE, passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 9, which has the effect of heating the outside air flow FE.
• the refrigerant FR evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 9.
• the refrigerating fluid FR absorbs heat from the outside air flow FE, passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 9 , which has the effect of cooling the outside air flow FE.
• a first expansion member 13i is advantageously arranged in series with the external heat exchanger 9. More specifically, the first expansion member 13i is interposed between the external heat exchanger 9 and a third member switching 153. Furthermore, the third switching member 153 is connected to the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the refrigerant fluid FR flows in series in the first expansion member 13i, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, then in the external heat exchanger 9.
• first bypass device 25i in parallel with the first expansion member 13i, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant fluid undergoes a prior expansion.
• the first bypass device 25i is thus able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the first expansion member 13i, to which it is assigned.
• the first bypass device 25i comprises for example a first non-return valve 24i allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in one direction and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR in the other direction.
• the first bypass device 25i may comprise a two-way valve whose opening is controlled so that the refrigerant fluid bypasses the first expansion member 13i. The two-way valve can therefore be arranged alone or in parallel with the first non-return valve 241.
• the first indoor heat exchanger 11 similar to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator depending on the operating mode of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
• the first indoor heat exchanger 11 receives the refrigerant FR in the form of gas at high pressure and at high temperature.
• the high-pressure, high-temperature gas transfers heat to the interior air flow passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, which has the effect of heating the interior airflow FH able to be diffused in the passenger compartment. .
• the refrigerant FR evaporates in the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the refrigerating fluid FR absorbs the heat of the cabin air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, which has the effect of cooling the flow of cabin air FH suitable for being diffused in the passenger compartment .
• a second expansion member 132 is arranged in series with the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the trigger is used to lower the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant FR.
• the second expansion member 132 is interposed between the third switching member 153 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the second expansion member 132, to lower the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, before crossing the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and then in the second expansion member 132, so as to lower the pressure and the temperature of the fluid FR refrigerant after the condensation.
• the second bypass device 252 is provided in parallel with the second expansion member 132, so as to form a bypass so that the refrigerant FR undergoes a prior expansion.
• the second bypass device 252 is therefore able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the second expansion member 132, to which it is assigned.
• the second bypass device 252 comprises, for example, a second non-return valve 24 2 allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in one direction, and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in the other direction.
• the second bypass device 252 can be realized by a two-way valve.
• the second bypass device 252 may comprise a two-way valve whose opening is controlled so that the refrigerant bypasses the second expansion member 132.
• the two-way valve can be arranged alone or in parallel with the second non-return valve 24 2 .
• a third expansion member 133 is interposed between the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is interposed between the second trigger member 132 and the third trigger member 133.
• the coolant FR is able to circulate in series in the third expansion member 133 and then in the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the trigger is used to lower the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant FR.
• the third bypass device 3 is able to allow or prohibit a circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR inside the third expansion member 133, to which it is assigned.
• the third bypass device 253 comprises, for example, a third non-return valve 24 3 allowing the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in one direction, and prohibiting the circulation of the refrigerant fluid FR, in the other direction.
• the third bypass device 3 may comprise a two-way valve 26.
• the two-way valve 26 can thus be arranged alone or in parallel with the third non-return valve 24 3 .
• the third bypass device 253 comprises a third non-return valve 24 3 and a two-way valve 26 in parallel.
• the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is, according to the illustrated example, arranged upstream, in the direction of flow of the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the second heat exchanger internal heat 21 of the secondary loop 5.
• Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous for dehumidifying the flow of cabin air FH adapted to be diffused into the passenger compartment by cooling it by passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 before heating it through the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the air conditioning loop 3 further comprises three switching members, respectively the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153, arranged so as to configure the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 between different modes of operation in a simple manner.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are formed as three-way valves.
• the first switching member 15i is arranged in series between the compressor 7 and the second switching member 15 2 .
• the first switching member 15i has a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
• the first channel of the first switching member 15i is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the external heat exchanger 9.
• the second channel of the first switching member 15i is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
• the second switching member 15 2 is arranged in series between the first switching member 15i and the third switching member 153.
• the second switching member 15 2 comprises a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
• the first channel of the second switching member 15 2 is such that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 to the compressor 7.
• the second channel of the second switching member 2 is such that the refrigerant FR circulates from the outdoor heat exchanger 9 to the compressor 7.
• the third switching member 153 is arranged between the outdoor heat exchanger 9 and the first indoor heat exchanger 11. More particularly, the third switching member 153 is arranged between the first expansion member 13i and the second expansion member 13 2 .
• the third switching member 153 also has a first channel and a second channel for the circulation of the refrigerant FR, the first channel and the second channel being separate.
• the first channel of the third switching member 153 is such that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the external heat exchanger 9 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the refrigerant fluid FR can also circulate in the first channel of the third switching member 153 in the other direction, namely from the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9.
• the second channel of the third switching 3 is such that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to the compressor 7.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 make it possible to implement or bypass the various elements constituting the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 depending on the operating mode. defined.
• the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 is able to function as a condenser or as an evaporator according to the method of the invention. operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
• the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operates as a condenser
• the refrigerant fluid FR flows in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 in the form of hot gas which gives heat to the coolant FC.
• the secondary loop 5 then functions as a heating system.
• the cooling fluid FR When the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operates as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR, while evaporating, absorbs the heat of the coolant FC, which has the effect of cooling the coolant FC.
• the secondary loop 5 then functions as a cooling system.
• an additional heat exchanger 27 may be arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger 21, according to the flow direction of the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the additional heat exchanger 27 may in particular be an electric resistance heating radiator, in particular with a positive temperature coefficient.
• the additional heat exchanger 27 may, for example, be implemented to compensate for a cooling of the cabin air flow FH.
• the secondary loop 5 may comprise an auxiliary heat exchanger 29, as shown in Figure 7, between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component embedded in the vehicle, including an electrical component of the vehicle.
• the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is connected to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
• Figure 7 shows more particularly an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 between the heat transfer fluid and a battery of the vehicle.
• Other components are conceivable such as an electric motor or an electronic power unit.
• the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 can be implemented to cool such an electrical component in the operating mode called "cooling a component".
• Cooling a component The various modes of operation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 are now described. More specifically, Figures 2 to 9 are schematic representations of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 according to different respective modes of operation.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 in the operating mode called "air conditioning".
• air-conditioning mode of operation makes it possible to condition the interior airflow FH capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment of the vehicle in order to cool it down.
• the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7, is first condensed in the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, then undergoes expansion in the second expansion member 13 2 , before pass into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
• the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused into the passenger compartment through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is thus cooled.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third member switching circuit 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser.
• the third switching member 153 is arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the outdoor heat exchanger 9 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
• the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
• the first bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
• the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
• the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
• the third switching member 153, the first 25i bypass device and the second bypass device 25 2 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR flows to the third switching member 153 bypassing the first detent 13i. Then, the refrigerant fluid FR flows to the second expansion member 13 2 undergoing a relaxation prior to through the second heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
• the refrigerant fluid FR By passing through the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as a condenser, the refrigerant fluid FR, in the gaseous state at high pressure and at high temperature, gives heat to the outside air flow FE.
• the refrigerating fluid FR When passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, the refrigerating fluid FR, while evaporating, absorbs the heat of the airflow FH passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11. The flow of cabin air FH passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is thus cooled.
• the secondary loop 5 is deactivated so that the heat transfer fluid FC does not circulate between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
• the interior air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then optionally the second indoor heat 21 downstream of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, does not undergo additional heat exchange.
• the cooled cabin air flow FH reduces the air temperature of the passenger compartment.
• the refrigerant FR at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then returns to the compressor 7, to start a cycle again.
• the fluid FR refrigerant can previously undergo a new expansion, for example, when a third expansion member is arranged downstream of the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the third bypass device 253 and the second switching member 15 2 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR bypasses the third expansion member 133 and flows to the two-way heat exchanger. fluid 19 without additional expansion or heat exchange, then to the compressor 7.
• the accumulator 23, possibly arranged upstream of the compressor 7, makes it possible to avoid the admission of refrigerant fluid FR in the liquid state into the compressor 7.
• the compressor 7 thus receives, on admission, the refrigerant fluid FR in the gaseous state under low pressure and low temperature.
• FIG 3 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the first mode of operation called “heat pump” or “heating”.
• the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7 exchanges heat with the coolant FC in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, before undergoing a expansion, in the first expansion member 13i, and pass into the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, and that the refrigerant fluid FR flows from the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser, without undergoing any relaxation.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
• the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened, and, preferably, the second second switching channel 2 is closed, and
• the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened, and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
• the first bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i
• the second bypass device 25 2 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
• the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, for example the two-way valve 26 is opened.
• the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser thus receives at the inlet, on the one hand, the coolant FR, in the form of hot gas, and, on the other hand, the coolant FC.
• the refrigerating fluid FR transfers heat to the heat transfer fluid FC which circulates in the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 , so as to allow an exchange of heat between the refrigerant FR and the coolant FC.
• the secondary loop 5 draws heat from the air conditioning loop 3, via the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, and then transfers the heat pulsed to the cabin air flow FH, via the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the cabin airflow FH, passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, is thus heated and can heat the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 is such that the air conditioning loop 3 and the secondary loop 5 are used to heat the cabin air flow FH prior to diffusion inside the passenger compartment.
• the air conditioning loop 3 makes it possible to ensure an improved subcooling of the refrigerant fluid FR.
• the refrigerant fluid FR gives heat to the cabin air flow FH, able to be diffused into the passenger compartment.
• the refrigerating fluid FR continues a condensation phase and / or the cooling fluid FR, in the liquid state, cools by a few degrees before leaving the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• Such an arrangement makes it possible to ensure and maximize the subcooling of the refrigerant fluid FR.
• the refrigerating fluid FR undergoes a relaxation, passing through the first expansion member 13i, lowering the pressure and the temperature, before evaporate in the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
• FR refrigerant in the state gaseous and low pressure and low temperature, then returns to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
• the first mode of operation is a heating mode in which the cabin air flow FH is heated by the second indoor heat exchanger 21 of the secondary loop 5.
• heat pump a heating mode in which the cabin air flow FH is heated by the second indoor heat exchanger 21 of the secondary loop 5.
• the heat transfer fluid FC consists mainly of water, it is called heating mode on "water”.
• the cabin air flow FH is advantageously a flow of fresh air coming from outside the vehicle, as opposed to using a recycled air flow from the passenger compartment.
• FIG 4 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the second mode of operation called "heat pump” or "heating".
• the second operating mode called “heat pump” differs from the first mode of operation known as “heat pump” described above in that the secondary loop 5 is inactive, so that there is no heat exchange between FR refrigerant and FC coolant.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, without heat exchange, then, without undergoing expansion, to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser, then undergoes expansion through the first expansion member 13i and then circulates to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, then to the compressor 7.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the second channel of the first switching element 15 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
• the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened, and preferably the first channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
• the first bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i
• the second bypass device 25 2 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
• the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, for example the two-way valve 26 is opened.
• the secondary loop 5 is deactivated so that there is no flow of heat transfer fluid FC.
• the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 in which there is no heat exchange.
• the refrigerant FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, circulates in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, functioning as a condenser.
• the refrigerating fluid FR then gives heat to the cabin airflow FH, able to be diffused in the passenger compartment passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11.
• the refrigerating fluid FR then undergoes a first expansion through the first expansion member 13i which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid FR, then passes through the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, and then returns to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
• the heating of the cabin air flow FH is done directly by an element of the air conditioning loop 3, here the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is called direct heating.
• FIG 5 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "dehumidification”.
• dehumidification makes it possible to dehumidify the flow of cabin air FH by cooling it and then to heat it through the second internal heat exchanger 21.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the heat exchanger.
• bi-fluid heat 19, operating as a condenser then undergoes expansion through the third expansion member 133, then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, bypasses the second expansion member 13 2 , and flows to the third channel switching member 153, and finally to the compressor 7.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed, and
• the second channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
• bypass device 252 is opened in parallel with the second expansion member 132, and
• the bypass device 253 is closed in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
• the first bypass device 25i and the second switching member 152 are bypassed.
• the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid FR and the coolant FC.
• the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 operating as a condenser, and gives up heat to the coolant FC, to heat the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 undergoes expansion through the third expansion member 133 which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant fluid FR, before passing into the first exchanger indoor heat 11 operating as an evaporator.
• the coolant FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, can then return to the compressor 7 to restart a cycle.
• the interior air flow FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is cooled and dehumidified before passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, to be heated, before being distributed in the passenger compartment.
• the cabin airflow FH is advantageously a stream of recycled air coming from the passenger compartment as opposed to the use of an air flow. charges from outside the vehicle.
• the third switching member 3 is arranged so that the refrigerant is sent to the external heat exchanger 9, functioning as an evaporator, undergoing a prior relaxation through the first detent 13i.
• Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "defrost”.
• the refrigerant FR follows the same path as in the operating mode called "air conditioning".
• the secondary loop 5 is activated.
• the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator makes it possible to ensure the cooling of the coolant FC circulating in the secondary loop 5.
• the first 15i switching, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerant FR circulates from the compressor 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser, then to the third switching member 153 bypassing the first expansion member 13i, in the second expansion member 13 2 , and then flows to the first internal heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, then bypasses the third expansion member 133 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 without additional expansion, and finally to the compressor 7.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed,
• the first channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
• the first bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
• the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
• the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
• the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the heat transfer fluid FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant FC and the refrigerant FR in the bi-fluid exchanger 19, operating as evaporator, so as to cool the coolant FC.
• the refrigerant fluid FR in the gaseous state at high pressure and at high temperature, gives heat to the external air flow FE. Then at the passage of the refrigerant FR in the second expansion member 13 2 , the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR are lowered before circulating in the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
• the cooling fluid FR evaporating When passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator, the cooling fluid FR evaporating absorbs the heat of the cabin airflow FH. Thus, the calories are drawn from the cabin airflow FH, able to be broadcast in the passenger compartment.
• the cooling fluid FR evaporating absorbs the heat of the coolant FC.
• the calories are drawn from the heat transfer fluid FC, comprising for example a mixture of water and glycol.
• the heat transfer fluid FC thus cooled returns to the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the cabin airflow FH capable of being diffused into the passenger compartment passing through the indoor heat exchanger 21 is thus cooled.
• the additional heat exchanger 27 for example an electric resistance heating radiator, in particular with a positive temperature coefficient, arranged downstream of the second indoor heat exchanger 21 , so as to compensate for the discomfort generated by cooling the FC heat transfer fluid and / or the passage of the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and / or the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and to heat the interior airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cockpit.
• auxiliary heat exchanger 29 it is possible to have, in the secondary loop 5, an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 to ensure a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component of the vehicle, such as a battery for example.
• the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is, according to this alternative, connected to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
• the second indoor heat exchanger 21 is no longer biased.
• the heat transfer fluid FC circulating between the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19 is cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid FR in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19.
• the heat transfer fluid FC cooled allows to cool the vehicle component.
• the so-called “defrosting” operating mode is also an operating mode called "cooling a component”.
• the cabin airflow FH is advantageously a recycled air stream coming from the passenger compartment, as opposed to the use of an air flow. charges from outside the vehicle.
• FIG 7 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "cooling a component".
• the operating mode called "cooling a component” is done without using a conventional conditioning function, for example air conditioning.
• the secondary loop 5 comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger 29 to ensure a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and a component of the vehicle, such as a battery, for example.
• the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 is, according to this alternative, connected at the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 , the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the external heat exchanger 9, operating as a condenser, bypasses the first expansion member 13i, then undergoes expansion through the second expansion member 13 2 , and passes through the first inner heat exchanger 11, operating as 'evaporator.
• the refrigerant FR bypasses the third expansion member 133 and flows to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator without additional expansion, and then returns to the compressor 7.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the first channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the first switching element 15i is closed
• the first channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
• bypass device 25i is opened in parallel with the first expansion member 13i,
• the circumferential device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 and
• the bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
• the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 29 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, so that a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid FC and the refrigerant FR occurs in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as an evaporator, so as to cool the coolant FC.
• the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is no longer traversed by the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment.
• the refrigerant fluid FR follows a circuit substantially similar to the operating mode called "air conditioning" but without heat exchange in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 with the cabin air flow FH.
• the refrigerating fluid FR at the outlet of the compressor 7 is first condensed in the external heat exchanger 9, then undergoes expansion in the second expansion member 13 2 before passing into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as an evaporator.
• the refrigerating fluid FR, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, then passes into the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, functioning as an evaporator, in order to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerating fluid FR and the FC heat transfer fluid.
• the coolant FC is then cooled and runs through the secondary loop 5 to cool the battery.
• the second indoor heat exchanger 21 is not biased. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the indoor heat exchanger 21 is arranged in parallel or in series with the auxiliary heat exchanger 29, suitable to cool the vehicle component.
• the refrigerant FR at the outlet of the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, can return to the compressor 7 to start a cycle again.
• FIG 8 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to a mode of operation called "hot gas".
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the refrigerating fluid FR flows from the compressor 7 to the exchanger bi-fluid heat 19, operating as a condenser, then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser without undergoing expansion, then to the second expansion member 13 2 and finally returns to the compressor 7 .
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the second channel of the first switching element 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching element 15i is closed, and
• the second channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the third switching member 153 is closed.
• the second bypass device 25 2 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 13 2 , and
• the third bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133, In the operating mode called "hot gas", the first bypass device 25i and the second switching member 15 2 are bypassed.
• the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, to allow a heat exchange between the refrigerant FR and the heat transfer fluid FC.
• the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature at the outlet of the compressor 7, enters the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, functioning as a condenser, and gives up heat to the heat transfer fluid FC, allowing the warming the cabin airflow FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the refrigerant fluid FR then flows to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, without undergoing expansion.
• the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, gives heat to the cabin airflow FH able to be diffused into the passenger compartment.
• the refrigerating fluid FR undergoes a first expansion at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, through the second expansion member 13 2 , so that it remains a hot gas, before returning to the compressor 7 to start again. cycle.
• FIG 9 is a schematic representation of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of Figure 1 according to the operating mode called "dual-stage heat pump".
• the refrigerant fluid FR circulates in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser.
• the refrigerant FR undergoes a first expansion, through the third expansion member 133 or the second expansion member 13 2 , preferably the second expansion member 13 2 , then a second expansion, through the first expansion member 13i, before crossing the exchanger outdoor heat 9, operating as an evaporator.
• the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 are arranged so that the coolant FR flows from the compressor 7 to the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, operating as a condenser, then to the first indoor heat exchanger 11, operating as a condenser, without undergoing expansion, then undergoes a first expansion through the second expansion member 13 2 , then flows to the first expansion member 13i so that the cooling fluid FR undergoes a second expansion, then flows into the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator, and finally to the compressor 7.
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured so that:
• the second channel of the first member 15i is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the first switching member 15i is closed,
• the second channel of the second switching member 2 is opened and, preferably, the first channel of the second switching member 2 is closed, and
• the first channel of the third switching member 153 is opened and, preferably, the second channel of the third switching member 15 3 is closed. Moreover,
• bypass device 25i is closed in parallel with the first expansion member 13i
• circumvention device 252 is closed in parallel with the second expansion member 132
• the bypass device 253 is opened in parallel with the third expansion member 133.
• the secondary loop 5 is activated so that the coolant FC circulates in the secondary loop 5 between the second indoor heat exchanger 21 and the two-way heat exchanger.
• the refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure and at high temperature from the compressor 7, yields, in the bi-fluid heat exchanger 19, heat to the coolant FC, for heating the air flow cabin FH adapted to be diffused in the cabin at the crossing of the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the refrigerating fluid FR passes through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 and then undergoes a first expansion, at the outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 11, through the second expansion member 132 which lowers the temperature and the pressure of the refrigerant FR, then undergoes a second expansion through the first expansion member 13i which further decreases the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant FR, before passing through the external heat exchanger 9, operating as an evaporator.
• the refrigerant fluid FR at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 9 can then return to the compressor 7 to restart a cycle.
• the first expansion can be performed by the third expansion member 133.
• the first heat exchanger Inner heat 11 operates as an evaporator.
• the second expansion is performed by the second expansion member 13 2 or the first expansion member 13i.
• the second bypass device 2 and the first bypass device 25 1 are configured accordingly.
• the flow of cabin air FH through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is cooled and dehumidified before passing through the second indoor heat exchanger 21, to be heated, before being distributed in the passenger compartment.
• the so-called "double-expansion heat pump" operating mode makes it possible to provide a dehumidification function for the passenger compartment flow FH suitable for being diffused in the passenger compartment through the first internal heat exchanger 11, functioning as a evaporator, wherein the cabin air flow FH is cooled and dehumidified, before being heated through the second indoor heat exchanger 21.
• the startup sequence may include:
• the air conditioning loop 3 is configured in the operating mode called “dehumidification”, or the operating mode called “defrost”, to remedy this drawback. It is therefore understood that the arrangement and the simultaneous and / or alternative control of the first switching member 15i, the second switching member 15 2 and the third switching member 153 make it possible to easily change the operating mode of the control loop. air conditioning 3, using fewer components than in the arrangements of the prior art.
• first expansion member 13i and the first bypass 25i have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 distinct.
• first detent member 13i and the first bypass device 25i can be combined into a single detent / bypass member to form an integrated system.
• the second expansion member 13 2 and the second check valve 24 2 have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 separate. However, alternatively, the second expansion member 13 2 and the second non-return valve 24 2 can be combined in a single detent / bypass member to form an integrated system.
• the third expansion member 133, the third non-return valve 24 3 and the third two-way valve 26 have been described as components of the air conditioning loop 3 separate. However, alternatively, the third expansion member 133, the third non-return valve 24 3 and the third two-way valve 26 can be combined in a single expansion / bypass member to form an integrated system.
• first expansion member 13i and the first bypass device 25i and the third switching member 153 have been described as separate components of the air conditioning loop 3.
• first expansion member 13i and the first device 25i bypass and the third switching member 15 3 can be combined in a single detent / switching member to form an integrated system.
• the second non-return valve 24 2 can be replaced by a two-way valve.

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Citations (5)

• 2012
  • 2012-05-31 FR FR1255022A patent/FR2991240B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-05-29 WO PCT/EP2013/061015 patent/WO2013178652A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-05-29 DE DE112013002706.2T patent/DE112013002706T5/de not_active Ceased

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