WO2013173634A1 - In-situ method and system for removing heavy metals from produced fluids - Google Patents
In-situ method and system for removing heavy metals from produced fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013173634A1 WO2013173634A1 PCT/US2013/041433 US2013041433W WO2013173634A1 WO 2013173634 A1 WO2013173634 A1 WO 2013173634A1 US 2013041433 W US2013041433 W US 2013041433W WO 2013173634 A1 WO2013173634 A1 WO 2013173634A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- formation
- heavy metals
- fixing agent
- dilution fluid
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-][NH3+] Chemical class [S-][NH3+] ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical group [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008116 organic polysulfides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 78
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- -1 arsenic selenide Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- QXKXDIKCIPXUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemercury Chemical compound [Hg]=S QXKXDIKCIPXUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052956 cinnabar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical class O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(2+) Chemical compound [Hg+2] BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XPDICGYEJXYUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraarsenic tetrasulfide Chemical compound S1[As]2S[As]3[As]1S[As]2S3 XPDICGYEJXYUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylarsine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3-dioxa-2$l^{6}-thia-4-mercuracyclobutane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017000 As2Se3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012028 Fenton's reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodine aqueous Chemical compound [K+].I[I-]I DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012425 OXONE® Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108700020962 Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWIULWOWYIZJBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].O1C=COC=C1 Chemical compound [Cl].O1C=COC=C1 YWIULWOWYIZJBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAGIWZLHXMRFR-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Hg]O Chemical class [Hg]O MTAGIWZLHXMRFR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MGZTXXNFBIUONY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;iron(2+);sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Fe+2].OO.OS(O)(=O)=O MGZTXXNFBIUONY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JGJLWPGRMCADHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypobromite Inorganic materials Br[O-] JGJLWPGRMCADHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052945 inorganic sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940074994 mercuric sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MINVSWONZWKMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercuriooxysulfonyloxymercury Chemical compound [Hg+].[Hg+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MINVSWONZWKMDC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000371 mercury(I) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000372 mercury(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZTEHTGMWGUKFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[[2-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanimidate Chemical compound COC(=N)CCSCC1=CSC(N=C(N)N)=N1 ZTEHTGMWGUKFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylbenzeneamine oxide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+](C)(C)[O-])C=C1 NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052958 orpiment Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OKBMCNHOEMXPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium peroxymonosulfate Chemical compound [K+].OOS([O-])(=O)=O OKBMCNHOEMXPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007843 reactive sulfur species Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- YQMLDSWXEQOSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenemercury Chemical compound [Hg]=[Se] YQMLDSWXEQOSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011697 sodium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015281 sodium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032753 sodium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBIQAPKSNFTACH-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadium oxytrichloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)=O JBIQAPKSNFTACH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002569 water oil cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/35—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well specially adapted for separating solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
- C10G29/28—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms containing sulfur as the only hetero atom, e.g. mercaptans, or sulfur and oxygen as the only hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G21/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
- C10G21/12—Organic compounds only
- C10G21/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/06—Metal salts, or metal salts deposited on a carrier
- C10G29/10—Sulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/205—Metal content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4037—In-situ processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2872808A CA2872808A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | In-situ method and system for removing heavy metals from produced fluids |
| AU2013262645A AU2013262645A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | In-situ method and system for removing heavy metals from produced fluids |
| BR112014026597A BR112014026597A2 (pt) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | método e sistema in-situ para remover os metais pesados dos líquidos produzidos |
| EP13791572.4A EP2850157A4 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | IN-SITU METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ELIMINATING HEAVY METALS FROM PRODUCED LIQUIDS |
| CN201380025179.XA CN104583372A (zh) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | 从产出流体中去除重金属的原位方法和系统 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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| US201261647999P | 2012-05-16 | 2012-05-16 | |
| US201261647983P | 2012-05-16 | 2012-05-16 | |
| US61/647,983 | 2012-05-16 | ||
| US61/647,999 | 2012-05-16 |
Publications (1)
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| WO2013173634A1 true WO2013173634A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2013/041433 WO2013173634A1 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | In-situ method and system for removing heavy metals from produced fluids |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP2850157A4 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN104583372A (es) |
| AR (1) | AR093279A1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2013262645A1 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR112014026597A2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2872808A1 (es) |
| CL (1) | CL2014003083A1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2013173634A1 (es) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015160666A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-22 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations |
| US9932516B2 (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2018-04-03 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Slick-water fracturing using time release metal-complexing agent |
| US10202834B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2019-02-12 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Method for remediation of subterranean-formed metal-polymer complexes using a metal complexing agent |
| US11299972B2 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2022-04-12 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Method for remediation of subterranean-formed metal-polymer complexes using peracetic acid |
| US11473003B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2022-10-18 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Iron control as part of a well treatment using time-released agents |
| US11473002B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2022-10-18 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Iron control as part of a well treatment using time-released agents |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106701151B (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2018-08-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃油脱铁剂和烃油脱铁的方法 |
| CN106398748B (zh) * | 2015-07-27 | 2018-09-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃油脱铁剂和烃油脱铁的方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4880527A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1989-11-14 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for removing residual mercury from liquid hydrocarbons with aqueous polysulfide solutions |
| US4915818A (en) * | 1988-02-25 | 1990-04-10 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Use of dilute aqueous solutions of alkali polysulfides to remove trace amounts of mercury from liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20030075484A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-04-24 | Tsunenori Sakai | Method for removing mercury from liquid hydrocarbon |
| US20100000910A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for separating a trace element from a liquid hydrocarbon feed |
| WO2012036986A2 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from fluids |
| US20120073811A1 (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-03-29 | Conocophillips Company | In situ process for mercury removal |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8323481B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2012-12-04 | Red Leaf Resources, Inc. | Carbon management and sequestration from encapsulated control infrastructures |
| US8701769B2 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2014-04-22 | Shell Oil Company | Methods for treating hydrocarbon formations based on geology |
| US9145511B2 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2015-09-29 | Pure Liquid Solutions, Llc | Metallic nanoparticle biocide in industrial applications |
| US8763700B2 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2014-07-01 | Robert Ray McDaniel | Dual function proppants |
-
2013
- 2013-05-16 CA CA2872808A patent/CA2872808A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-16 AR ARP130101704A patent/AR093279A1/es unknown
- 2013-05-16 WO PCT/US2013/041433 patent/WO2013173634A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-16 BR BR112014026597A patent/BR112014026597A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-05-16 CN CN201380025179.XA patent/CN104583372A/zh active Pending
- 2013-05-16 AU AU2013262645A patent/AU2013262645A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-16 EP EP13791572.4A patent/EP2850157A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-11-13 CL CL2014003083A patent/CL2014003083A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4880527A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1989-11-14 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for removing residual mercury from liquid hydrocarbons with aqueous polysulfide solutions |
| US4915818A (en) * | 1988-02-25 | 1990-04-10 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Use of dilute aqueous solutions of alkali polysulfides to remove trace amounts of mercury from liquid hydrocarbons |
| US20030075484A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-04-24 | Tsunenori Sakai | Method for removing mercury from liquid hydrocarbon |
| US20100000910A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and method for separating a trace element from a liquid hydrocarbon feed |
| WO2012036986A2 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from fluids |
| US20120073811A1 (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-03-29 | Conocophillips Company | In situ process for mercury removal |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP2850157A4 * |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10202834B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2019-02-12 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Method for remediation of subterranean-formed metal-polymer complexes using a metal complexing agent |
| US10697282B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2020-06-30 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Method for remediation of subterranean-formed metal-polymer complexes using a metal complexing agent |
| US11802234B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2023-10-31 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations |
| US9944843B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2018-04-17 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations |
| US10633575B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2020-04-28 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations |
| WO2015160666A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-22 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations |
| US11332658B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2022-05-17 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Stimulation of wells in nano-darcy shale formations |
| US9932516B2 (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2018-04-03 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Slick-water fracturing using time release metal-complexing agent |
| US11299972B2 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2022-04-12 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Method for remediation of subterranean-formed metal-polymer complexes using peracetic acid |
| US11473002B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2022-10-18 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Iron control as part of a well treatment using time-released agents |
| US11760917B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2023-09-19 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Iron control as part of a well treatment using time-released agents |
| US11767463B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2023-09-26 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Iron control as part of a well treatment using time-released agents |
| US11473003B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2022-10-18 | Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc | Iron control as part of a well treatment using time-released agents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR093279A1 (es) | 2015-05-27 |
| EP2850157A1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN104583372A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
| EP2850157A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| AU2013262645A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
| CA2872808A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| CL2014003083A1 (es) | 2015-02-13 |
| BR112014026597A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
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