WO2013171385A1

WO2013171385A1 - Uniformly distributed solar concentration device

Info

Publication number: WO2013171385A1
Application number: PCT/FR2013/000122
Authority: WO
Inventors: André Cabarbaye; Aurélien CABARBAYE
Original assignee: Cabarbaye Andre; Cabarbaye Aurelien
Priority date: 2012-05-14
Filing date: 2013-05-13
Publication date: 2013-11-21
Also published as: FR2990499A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar concentration device controlled by 1 or 2 shafts, including one or more mirrors the shape of which makes it possible to distribute the radiation power uniformly on the surface of a collector which transfers the heat to a heat transfer fluid or which is covered with photovoltaic cells. The device makes it possible to increase the power generation of the photovoltaic panels while reducing the installation surface thereof on the ground, thus enabling the electrical equipment (lighting, video surveillance, radio-relay station…) mounted on the masts to become self-contained. Meshing the masts provided with the device makes it possible to jointly ensure an electrical and an agricultural production while providing the associated functions of watering and protection. The device can be used as a stationary or mobile power generator (trailer or vehicles) and provide a sun protection function for various buildings. The electrical current can be limited to the contacts of a rotating collector.

Description

Solar concentrating device uniformly distributed

The present invention relates to a device for concentrating the light, slaved to the position of the sun along one or two axes, consisting of one or more riddles for uniformly distributing the irradiation power on the surface of a collector of any shape. . This homogeneity of the radiation at the surface of the collector favors the transmission of heat to a heat transfer fluid, in the case of a solar thermal energy system, and is indispensable for the proper functioning and conservation of the integrity of the solar cells covering the collector, in the case of a photovoltaic system.

The use of parabolic mirrors, focusing the light at a point (paraboloid) or a straight line (parabolic cylinder), makes it possible to irradiate the surface of a spherical or cylindrical collector of revolution, as described in patent DE 44 30 517. Al (March 23, 1995). But this particular configuration does not allow to distribute the irradiation power homogeneously to the surface of the collector. Indeed two incidental rays of the same spacing are reflected towards the hearth with an angle which depends on the place of impact on the dish.

On the other hand, the use of flat mirrors according to the principle of concentration in V, described in patents PCT / ES2008 / 000763 of 03/11/2010 and US 2010/0282315 Al of 11/11/2010, makes it possible to concentrate the light homogeneously on a flat surface. But the concentration rate is then limited to 3 and the size of the mirrors quickly becomes prohibitive beyond 2.

The present invention overcomes these disadvantages and can adapt to collectors of planar, cylindrical or any shape.

In the case of a photovoltaic system, this concentration device makes it possible to increase the energy production of the cells, which also benefit from the gain provided by the solar servoing compared with fixed panels.

It can cover a mast on all or part of its height in order to make self-sufficient electrical equipment installed at the top (lighting, video surveillance, relay radio, etc.).

In the field of public lighting, it suffers from the three often unacceptable disadvantages of existing solutions using fixed solar panels: the insufficiency of energy production, especially in winter, the importance of the mechanical constraints due to the wind, and lack of aesthetics. In order to evenly distribute the irradiating power at the surface of the collector, the arrangement and the shape of the mirrors are such that the distance between an edge of the collector and a point on the surface thereof is proportional to the sum of the deviations, for each of the mirrors, between the two incident rays which are reflected respectively towards the edge of the collector and this point (Figure 1).

In the case of a single mirror, the distance between the points of impact of two rays reflected on the surface of the collector is proportional to the difference between the two corresponding incident rays (Figure 2). The ratio of proportionality is then the inverse of the concentration rate. By respecting these conditions, the shapes can be obtained by numerical resolution in one or two dimensions depending on whether the solar control is performed along 1 or 2 axes. In the first case, the shape of the mirrors is cylindrical with the servo axis as generatrix.

In the case of a collector of circular section with a single mirror, the surface of the collector in visibility benefits from uniform irradiation, unlike parabolic mirror systems (Figure 3) for which 2 incident rays of the same spacing are reflected towards the focus with an angle that depends on the location of impact on the dish.

. In the case of a planar collector facing the sun with two mirrors connected at its ends, the size of these latter can be significantly reduced compared to that of plane mirrors used according to the principle of concentration in V with the same concentration ratio ( Figure 4). If the irradiation generated by each of the mirrors is not homogeneous at the surface of the collector, it is not the same for all the mirrors that complement each other to generate overall uniform irradiation.

Thus, in the example of FIG. 4, the irradiation generated by each of the mirrors may be an increasing function f (x), in order to increase the opening of the device and therefore its concentration rate, while respecting the condition f ( x) + f (lx) = constant, with 1 the length of the collector and x the distance of a point from it to the point of contact with the mirror.

In the case of any orientation plane collector with a single mirror placed at a distance, the shape of the latter will be obtained in the manner described in Figure 5 from the origin of the mirror to its end. An incident ray received at a point at a certain proportion of the sunshine width d2 is reflected to a point in the collector located exactly in the same proportion of the width d1 thereof. The variation of the distances d3 and d4 and the angle φ of orientation of the panel with respect to sun allows to obtain all possible configurations of arrangement of the planar collector (Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8). The arrangement of FIG. 8 has the advantage that no ray reaches the solar cells with a low incidence and also makes it possible not to mask the solar field of exploitation by the collectors when several devices are used together. The principle of the V concentrator is a special case obtained when the mirror is in contact with the collector (d3 = d4 = 0).

Whatever the arrangement chosen, the device may be duplicated to form a plurality of devices (FIG. 8).

In the case of a photovoltaic system, the solar cells must be cooled to remove the extra heat due to the concentration whose optimal rate depends on the technology and characteristics of the cells. This dissipation can be achieved by convection, natural or forced, or by means of a coolant passing through tubes through the collector. The heat can then be enhanced.

The longevity of the photovoltaic cells can be ensured by a temperature monitoring controlling, if necessary, the solar misalignment of the device. The electric power delivered can be limited in the same way, especially if the device is used to recharge battery packs.

Served at the position of the sun around the vertical axis, a photovoltaic panel with its mirror can be mounted vertically (Figure 9) or inclined (Figure 10) to optimize seasonal electricity production (75 ° for example in winter to 43 , 5 ° of latitude) or annual (54 ⁰ at this same latitude). Openings in the device are then to be provided to limit wind resistance.

Similarly, subject to the position of the sun around the vertical axis and at an inclination chosen according to the latitude of the installation site, the device maximizes the annual or seasonal energy production brought to the surface on the ground. The production is then maximum when the totality of an elliptical plane sun surface, whose horizontal projection is a disc whose center is located on the axis of rotation, is exploited (Figure 11). The area of sunlight exploited can also be vertical.

Photovoltaic cells can be covered with a pyramidal or grooved glass to limit reflections and promote the transmission of high incidence rays (Figure 12). In the case where the device implements several photovoltaic panels mounted in parallel, the interconnection nodes of these can be located on the common disk of a rotating collector, at the output of the brushes, in order to minimize the currents at the level of contacts (Figure 13).

The device can be used to recharge battery packs used for both streetlight lighting and electric vehicle traction, by means of a standard locking exchange mechanism to increase the necessary storage capacity winter lighting while harnessing unused energy for this purpose in other seasons (Figure 14).

The shadow side of the device can be used as an advertising medium.

The device can be slaved to the position of the sun during the day and position itself in a particular direction at night, in opposition to the street for example, in order to ensure a lighting function by means of a lantern which is integral with it ( Figure 15).

The device can be mounted on a vehicle and deployed at a standstill (Figures 16 and 17).

The device can be supported by any building (house, building, lobby, roof, arena, bus shelter, ...) and can ensure the latter a function of sunshade and natural air conditioning in summer (Figure 11 ). Energy production brought back to the floor area can be optimized and the building can be integrated into the free space under the rotating device (concentrators and panels).

The mesh of a large number of devices installed on masts on the ground (figure 18) makes it possible to jointly ensure an electric and agricultural production if the running shading generated by the devices remains limited (15 to 20% of the sunshine or even more in arid zone). The distribution of the mechanical forces can be ensured by cables connecting the masts and these can serve as support for greenhouses, means of watering or protection (against hail, birds, grasshoppers ...)

The device may be disposed on ground wheels or floats on the surface of a body of water. It can be used as a terrestrial, marine, air or space vehicle energy generator.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

- Figure 1 shows the general principle of dimensioning the device with several mirrors to ensure uniform sunlight on the surface of the collector.

- Figure 2 shows the general principle of sizing a mirror to ensure uniform sunlight on the surface of a collector. FIG. 3 represents a collector of circular section irradiated by a parabolic mirror and a second identical collector irradiated by a mirror of the device.

FIG. 4 represents a collector of plane section irradiated by two mirrors of the device and a same collector irradiated by two flat mirrors according to the principle of concentration in V.

- Figure 5 shows the principle of sizing a mirror to ensure uniform sunlight on the surface of a cross section collector.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show particular cases of sizing mirrors for planar collectors.

- Figure 9 shows the device installed on a lamppost.

- Figure 10 shows a lamp provided with an inclined device consisting of a photovoltaic panel and mirrors.

- Figure 11 shows a device supported by a building that fits into the free space below it. The entrance to this building is oriented to the north and it supports the mast of a relay hertzian. The stroke of the device is limited to the east and west directions.

- Figure 12 shows the section of a pyramidal or grooved face glass limiting reflections and promoting the transmission of high incidence rays.

FIG. 13 shows the parallel assembly of several photovoltaic panels of the device whose interconnection nodes are located on the common disk of a rotating collector, and exit from the brushes, in order to minimize the currents at the contacts.

FIG. 14 represents a standard lock exchange mechanism making it possible to communicate accumulator batteries used both for lighting a street lamp and for pulling an electric vehicle.

- Figure 15 shows a device attached to a lantern which is controlled to the position of the sun during the day and is positioned at night in opposition to the street.

Figures 16 and 17 show deployable devices mounted on vehicles.

- Figure 18 shows the mesh of a large number of ground devices to jointly ensure an electric and agricultural production.

In the embodiments, the prototype device relates to a stand-alone lamp, equipped with a battery, which can operate during all winter nights at 43.5 ° latitude. Two mirrors ensure the concentration of the solar flux towards a photovoltaic panel oriented towards the sun. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for:

- power supply of equipment mounted on masts

exploitation of the sunny surface around various existing projects (water tower, reservoir, chimney, wind farm, radio relay, etc.)

- the construction of power plants connected or not connected to the electricity grid, with possible production of heat for domestic or industrial use.

The solar concentrating device, controlled by the position of the sun along 1 or 2 axes, is characterized by the use of a collector and one or more mirrors whose arrangement and shape are such that the distance between an edge of the collector and a point on the surface thereof is proportional to the sum of the deviations, for each of the mirrors, between the two incident rays which are reflected respectively to the edge of the collector and this point, so as to evenly distribute the power of irradiation on the entire surface in visibility of the collector.

In the case of a single mirror, its shape is such that the distance between the points of impact of two rays reflected on the surface of the collector is proportional to the difference between the two corresponding incident rays, so as to distribute the irradiation power at the surface of the collector.

In the case of several mirrors, they may each reflect non-homogeneous irradiation on the surface of the collector.

A plurality of devices can be used to constitute a system for producing solar thermal, thermodynamic or photovoltaic energy.

The device can be slaved to the position of the sun around the vertical axis and exploit all or part of an elliptical plane sun surface, whose horizontal projection is a disc whose center is located on the axis of rotation.

The device can exploit a vertical sunlight surface.

The device can be installed on Earth or on the water.

The device can be disengaged by high wind in order to naturally have a suitable aerodynamic profile limiting the mechanical forces on its structure.

The photovoltaic cells of the device can be cooled by convection or by a heat transfer fluid and the production of heat can be enhanced.

Photovoltaic cells can be covered with a pyramidal or grooved glass to limit reflections and promote the transmission of high incidence rays. The temperature of the collector or the electrical power delivered by the device may be subject to protective supervision controlling, if necessary, its misalignment, partial or total, relative to the sun.

The device may include several photovoltaic panels mounted in parallel whose interconnection nodes are located on the common disk of a rotating collector, at the output of the brushes, so as not to summon the currents at the contacts. The device can be mounted on a mast to make autonomous electrical equipment supported by it.

The device can be coupled to a battery charging system used for both street lamp lighting and electric vehicle traction, in order to optimize energy consumption in relation to needs and seasonal production.

The shadow side of the device can be used as an advertising medium.

The device can be slaved to the position of the sun during the day and positioned in a particular direction at night to provide a lighting function by means of a lantern which is secured thereto.

The device can be mounted on a vehicle (land, sea, air, space) to ensure its propulsion or be transported and deployed at a standstill.

The device can be supported by a building registered in its shading area in order to exploit this free space and to be able to benefit from a function of sunshade and natural air conditioning in summer.

The mesh of a large number of devices can make it possible to jointly ensure an electric and agricultural production and can serve as a greenhouse support or various means of watering or protection.

The device can be a kit adaptable to existing masts.

A plurality of devices may be adjacently disposed.

A device or set of devices may be disposed on ground wheels or floats on the surface of a body of water.

The device can jointly produce electricity and heat.

Claims

1) Solar concentration device controlled by the sun position along 1 or 2 axes, consisting of a collector and one or more mirrors whose arrangement and shape are such that the distance between a collector edge and a point to the surface of the latter is proportional to the sum of the deviations, for each of the mirrors, between the two incident rays which are reflected respectively towards the edge of the collector and this point, so as to distribute the irradiation power uniformly over the whole of the visible surface of the collector.

2) Device according to claim 1, consisting of a collector and a mirror whose shape is such that the distance between the points of impact of two rays reflected on the surface of the collector is proportional to the difference between the 2 corresponding incident rays, so as to evenly distribute the irradiation power to the surface of the collector.

3) Device according to claim 1, consisting of a collector and several mirrors which each reflect a non-homogeneous irradiation on the surface of the collector.

4) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, slaved to the position of the sun around the vertical axis, exploiting a vertical sunlight surface or all or part of an elliptical plane sunlight area, whose projection horizontal is a disc whose center is located on the axis of rotation.

5) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, which can be disengaged by high wind in order to naturally have a suitable aerodynamic profile limiting the mechanical forces on its structure.

6) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, the collector is covered with photovoltaic cells cooled by convection or a heat transfer fluid and whose heat production is optionally upgraded.

7) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic cells are covered with a pyramidal-coated glass or grooved to limit reflections and promote the transmission of high incidence rays.

8) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, the temperature of the collector or the electrical power delivered are subject to a protective supervision controlling, if necessary, the partial or total misalignment of the device relative to the Sun. 9) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising photovoltaic panels mounted in parallel whose interconnection nodes are located on the common disk of a rotating collector, at the output of the brushes, so as not to summon them. current at the contact level.

10) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, mounted on a mast to make autonomous electrical equipment supported by it.

11) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, slaved to the position of the sun during the day and positioned in a particular direction at night to provide a lighting function by means of a lantern which is integral therewith.

12) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, coupled to a battery charging system used both for lighting a street lamp and electric vehicle traction, to optimize energy consumption in look at needs and seasonal production.

13) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, whose shadow face is used as an advertising medium.

14) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, mounted on a vehicle to ensure its propulsion or be transported and deployed at a standstill.

15) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, supported by a building inscribed in its shading area to exploit this free space and to be able to benefit from a function of sunshade and natural air conditioning in summer.

16) Device for producing solar thermal energy, thermodynamic or photo voltaic characterized in that it comprises one or more solar concentration devices according to any one of the preceding claims:

17) mesh of a large number of devices, according to one quei @ Qe¾¾ie of the preceding claims, for jointly ensuring an electric and agricultural production and can serve as a greenhouse support or various means of watering or protection.