WO2013170450A1 - 一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置 - Google Patents

一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013170450A1
WO2013170450A1 PCT/CN2012/075543 CN2012075543W WO2013170450A1 WO 2013170450 A1 WO2013170450 A1 WO 2013170450A1 CN 2012075543 W CN2012075543 W CN 2012075543W WO 2013170450 A1 WO2013170450 A1 WO 2013170450A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
wave
wave energy
scroll spring
gear
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/075543
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王维俊
李滨
Original Assignee
Wang Weijun
Li Bin
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Publication date
Application filed by Wang Weijun, Li Bin filed Critical Wang Weijun
Publication of WO2013170450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013170450A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F05B2260/502—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position involving springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F05B2260/503—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using gears
    • F05B2260/5032—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using gears of the bevel or angled type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy automatic phase compensation technology for energy transmission, and designs a wave energy generating device which absorbs wave energy at multiple points and jointly drives a high-power generator to generate electricity.
  • the national economy is growing at an increasing rate every year. Correspondingly, the growth of this economy will inevitably lead to an increase in energy demand, especially for the increase in electricity demand.
  • the existing power generation methods mainly include thermal power generation, hydropower, nuclear power, etc. Since the development of hydropower and nuclear power will be limited by many objective conditions, the proportion of power generation in the whole society is still relatively small, and thermal power generation is occupied in China.
  • the invention designs a multi-point absorption wave energy method, converts the wave energy absorbed by the multi-point into mechanical energy, and uses the energy output phase automatic compensation technology to collect them, and directly drives the high-power generation without further conversion of the energy form.
  • the wave energy generating device generated by the machine can overcome the shortcomings of the prior device such as low utilization of wave energy, low absorption efficiency, low energy conversion efficiency, and unstable output power.
  • a new type of high-efficiency multi-point absorption wave energy generation device which is composed of two or more float balls, an energy buffer and a buffer device, and an energy conversion system.
  • This type of equipment It can float on the sea surface.
  • the middle power generating device Under the action of the damping disc, the middle power generating device can be kept relatively stable.
  • the floating ball Under the action of the ocean waves, the floating ball moves up and down relative to the middle power generating device, and the generated kinetic energy is received by energy.
  • the shaft, a conical gear and two conical gears convert the wave energy into mechanical energy in a single direction and transmit it to the energy buffer and buffer device consisting of a scroll spring group.
  • This energy buffer and buffer can efficiently absorb input energy of different sizes, and can pass the energy output wheel to transmit the energy uniformly to the permanent magnet generator under the joint action of the gear set speed regulating device, thereby obtaining stable output electric energy.
  • the energy buffering and transfer device operates on the principle that the rotating mechanical energy is input by a rotating shaft to one or a set of central ends connected to the scroll spring on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft drives the scroll spring to rotate around the shaft. Therefore, the outer end of the scroll spring (group) is rotated, and the outer end of the scroll spring (group) is connected to an energy output gear, and the mechanical energy of the input scroll spring can be transmitted through the energy output gear connected at the outer end.
  • the device acts as a buffer and buffer for the mechanical energy.
  • the device When the device is used in the energy conversion process of wave energy generation, it can buffer and stabilize the undulating wave energy, and can enhance the wave energy generation.
  • the stability of the system also makes the generated electrical energy stable and controllable.
  • the scroll spring (group) acts as an automatic compensation of the phase of the energy output. It ensures that the energy absorbed by each float can be effectively transmitted to the generator to generate electricity.
  • the novel multi-point absorption wave energy generating device 1 in Fig. 1 is composed of the following structural units: a float ball 1, a cable 2, a wave energy receiving shaft 3, a conical gear 4, a conical ratchet 5, and a scroll spring center shaft 6 , scroll spring set 7, scroll spring casing 8, energy output gear 9, energy transmission shaft 10,
  • the energy transmission middle shaft ratchet set 1 1 the gear speed control box 12 , the generator set 13 , the cable 14 , the damping disc 15 , and the fixed chain 16 .
  • the present invention provides a novel high-efficiency multi-point absorption wave energy generating device comprising a plurality of single-point wave energy absorption conversion systems and an energy transmission and power generation system, each floating point in the single point wave energy absorption conversion system
  • the ball fluctuates up and down with the wave, absorbs the wave energy, and transforms the absorbed wave energy into mechanical energy of single direction rotation through the mechanical energy conversion/buffering combination, and smoothly transmits to the energy transmission and power generation system to generate electricity, from the single point wave energy
  • the absorption conversion system independently absorbs the wave energy and converts it into mechanical energy that smoothly rotates in a single direction, and transmits energy to the same energy transmission and power generation system to drive a generator to generate electricity.
  • the number of single-point wave energy absorption conversion systems used is 2 to 10.
  • the single point wave energy absorption conversion system (see Fig. 2), the floating ball 1, the energy receiving shaft 3, the conical gear 4, the conical ratchet 5, the scroll spring center shaft 6, the scroll spring group 7,
  • the scroll spring casing 8 and the energy output gear 9 are composed of: under the action of the ocean wave, the float ball 1 moves up and down with respect to the middle power generating device, and the cable 2 connected thereto drives the energy receiving shaft 3 to reciprocate (also The gear bar can be used instead of the cable.
  • the conical gear 4 at the end of the energy receiving shaft acts on the two conical ratchets 5 on the central axis of the scroll spring.
  • the conical gear 4 reciprocates as the float moves up and down.
  • the outer sleeve 8 to which the outer end of the scroll spring is connected is connected to the energy output gear 9, and the torsion of the scroll spring causes the energy output gear 9 to rotate.
  • the energy output gear 9 rotates around the central axis 6 of the scroll spring, but it is not fixed to the center shaft, so the gear 9 does not rotate following the central shaft 6, but rotates with the whirling of the scroll spring group 7.
  • the single-point wave energy absorption conversion system of the present invention comprises a unidirectional rotating mechanical energy conversion structure (see Fig. 3), the energy receiving shaft 3, the conical gear 4 at the end of the energy receiving shaft 3, and the central axis of the scroll spring 6 and two conical ratchets 5 which are placed opposite each other on the central axis 6 of the scroll spring.
  • the working principle of the one-way rotating mechanical energy conversion system is that when the floating ball moves up and down with the wave, the energy receiving shaft 3 is reciprocally rotated in the forward and reverse directions, and the conical gear 4 at one end of the rotating shaft simultaneously acts on the two oppositely placed in the vortex.
  • the conical ratchet 5 on the central axis 6 of the coil spring causes the two conical ratchets to also reciprocate, but the relative placement shown in Figure 2 allows the two conical ratchets to remain With different directions of rotation, only one direction of rotation allows the ratchet to rotate the central axis 6 of the scroll spring. Just as the gear unit is used on the bicycle, only one direction of rotation can propel the bicycle. Then, the reciprocating rotation of the rotating shaft 3 with the vibration of the upper and lower waves causes the two conical ratchets to alternately rotate the central axis 6 of the scroll spring in the same direction, and the wave energy is converted into mechanical energy for single direction rotation.
  • the single point wave energy absorption conversion system designed by the present invention comprises a mechanical energy conversion/buffer combination (see Fig. 4), consisting of two oppositely placed conical ratchets 5, a central axis of the spiral spring 6, and a scroll spring set 7
  • the outer sleeve of the scroll spring is connected with the outer sleeve 8 and the energy output gear 9.
  • the working principle is: two ratchets 5 alternately act on the central axis 6 of the scroll spring, and generate a mechanical energy input scroll spring set 7 in a single direction, so that the scroll spring group 7 is twisted, and the scroll spring group jacket 8 is driven.
  • the gear 9 connected thereto is rotated together to output energy to the subsequent energy conversion device.
  • the gear 9 is only coupled to the scroll spring assembly 8 and rotates about the central axis 6 of the scroll spring, but it is not fixed to the central shaft 6, so the gear 9 does not follow the central shaft 6, but with the scroll
  • the spring group is twisted and rotated.
  • the gear 9 is connected to an energy transmission system, and the end of the energy transmission system is a generator.
  • the gear 9 can be driven to rotate, and the energy is input to the generator through the energy transmission system to generate electricity.
  • the most important function of this process is to input mechanical energy that rotates in a single direction of varying size into the scroll spring group.
  • the energy transmission and power generation system of the present invention (see Fig. 5) is composed of an energy transmission center axis 10, an energy transmission center shaft ratchet group 1 1 , a gear speed control box 12 , and a generator set 13 .
  • the special working principle is that the energy transmission middle shaft ratchet group 1 1 can simultaneously receive the energy input from several different single point wave energy absorption conversion systems, and after collection, it is transmitted to the speed control box 12 through the energy transmission axis 10 and then transmitted to The generator 13 generates electricity.
  • the multi-point absorption wave energy generating device designed by the present invention can work effectively because the phase automatic compensation characteristic of the energy output of the scroll spring group is utilized. As shown in Fig. 6, taking two wave absorption points as an example, because the fluctuation of the waves is uncertain, there will be a time difference between the two floating balls oscillating up and down, that is, the phase difference of the energy input, and the energy of the output scroll spring group will also exist.
  • the ratchet 11 and each ratchet wheel 11 independently receive the energy from a scroll spring group, and simultaneously act on the mass transmission shaft 10, so that the energy is collected and superimposed and transmitted to the generator for power generation.
  • the utilization of wave energy and the power of the power generation device which is a multi-point absorption wave power generation form, can drive a more powerful generator to generate electricity, which can significantly reduce the power generation cost and improve the utilization of ocean energy.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of a multi-point absorption wave energy power generation device with six points as an example.
  • the device of the present invention is not limited to a 6-point absorption device, and can be constructed and assembled by a joint force design, and can build more than 2 points, and multi-point absorption wave energy up to 10 Power generation unit. It is also possible to build a framed platform at sea and combine multiple multi-point absorbing wave energy generating units to build a large wave power station, see Figure 8.
  • the invention also relates to a torsion spring energy buffer/buffer structure (Fig. 9) comprising a torsion spring center shaft 6, a torsion spring 7a, and an energy output gear 9.
  • a torsion spring energy buffer/buffer structure (Fig. 9) comprising a torsion spring center shaft 6, a torsion spring 7a, and an energy output gear 9.
  • One end of the torsion spring is coupled to the central shaft, and the other end is coupled to the energy output gear 9, and the energy output gear 9 is rotatable about the central axis 6 of the torsion spring.
  • the working principle of this structure is: The mechanical energy of the rotation is input to one end of the torsion spring 7a through the central shaft 6, and the torsion spring 7a is twisted, and the gear 9 connected at the other end is rotated together to output energy to the subsequent energy conversion device.
  • This structure functions in the same manner as the previously described scroll spring group energy buffer/buffer structure, and has a buffering/buffering effect on the input mechanical energy, and also plays a role in the multi-point absorption wave energy generating device.
  • the automatic compensation of the energy output phase enables multiple single-point energy absorption and conversion systems to efficiently collect and superimpose energy when transmitting energy to the same energy delivery and power generation system without loss of energy.
  • the invention also relates to a structure for using a torsion spring as a function of buffering, buffering and output phase automatic compensation in the energy transfer process, to construct a multi-point absorption wave energy generating device II (see Fig. 10), the device and the front
  • the novel multi-point absorption wave energy generator I (see Fig. 1) described is substantially identical except that the torsion spring 7a is replaced by a torsion spring 7a.
  • the novel multi-point absorption wave energy generating device II is composed of the following structural units: a floating ball 1, a cable 2, a wave energy receiving shaft 3, a conical gear 4, a conical ratchet 5, a scroll spring central shaft 6, and a torsion spring 7a.
  • the number of torsion spring energy buffer/buffer structures used may be 2 to 10.
  • the wave energy generating device designed by the invention adopts a unique one-way rotating mechanical energy conversion system, and the scroll spring group energy buffer/buffering system realizes a multi-point energy absorption mode of the wave energy generating device, and has energy absorption.
  • the range is wider, the energy collection efficiency is higher, the wave energy utilization rate is higher, the sea state adaptability is stronger, the output electric energy is more stable, and the shortcomings of the stall and instability which occur in the mechanical transmission wave energy generating device are overcome.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种多点吸收波浪能发电装置，包括多个单点波浪能吸收转换系统和一个能量传输及发电系统，每个单点波浪能吸收转换系统中的浮球（1）随波浪上下波动，吸收波浪能量，经过机械能转化和缓冲的组合作用，将波浪能转化为单一方向转动的机械能，平稳传递给能量传输系统及发电系统发电。该发电装置提高了波浪能的利用率。

Description

一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及釆用能量传输相位自动补偿技术， 设计一种多点吸收波浪能， 共同带动一个大功率发电机发电的波浪能发电装置。 背景技术
国家经济每年都在不断增速发展， 与之相应， 这种经济的增速发展必然 导致对能量需求的增速， 对电力需求的增加尤其明显。 现有的发电方式主要 包括火力发电、 水电、 核电等等， 由于水电和核电的开发会受到许多客观条 件的限制， 在整个社会的发电量中的比例还比较小， 火力发电在中国占有了
80%以上的份额。 但是由于火力发电需要消耗大量的化石燃料， 同时带来大量 的二氧化碳的排放和严重的环境污染。 而且地球上化石燃料在不远的将来就 会枯竭， 人们必须尽快发展新的， 清洁的， 可再生的替代能源， 以维持人类 社会的及环境的健康发展。 在这种背景之下， 人们将注意力转向了风能和海 洋能。 海洋能蕴含在海洋的洋流和波浪之中， 其中将波浪能转化为电能是一 种非常有利用价值的清洁能源， 这是因为波浪无处不在， 而且蕴含能量丰富， 是一种取之不尽， 用之不竭的能量来源。 目前， 波浪能发电常常釆用的方式 有： 1、 将波浪能转化为液压能， 推动与发电机相连接的涡轮机转动， 进而使 发电机转动发电。 2、 将波浪能转化为流动的压缩空气， 推动与发电机相连接 的涡轮机转动， 进而使发电机转动发电。 3、 将波浪能转化为机械能， 直接推 动发电机转动发电。 上述几种波浪能发电装置各有优缺点， 都存在提高发电 效率的需求。
发明内容
本发明设计了一个多点吸收波浪能方式， 将多点吸收的波浪能转化为机 械能， 釆用能量输出相位自动补偿技术， 将其汇集起来， 不经过能量形式的 进一步转化， 直接带动大功率发电机发电的波浪能发电装置， 它可以克服现 有装置对波浪能的利用率低， 吸收效率低， 能量转换效率低， 输出电能不平 稳等缺点。
解决上述问题的技术方案如下： 即一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装 置， 由两个以上的浮球、 能量緩存和緩冲装置， 能量转化系统组成。 这种装 置可以漂浮在海面上， 在阻尼盘的作用下， 可以使中间的发电装置保持相对 稳定不动， 浮球在海浪的作用下， 相对于中间的发电装置作上下运动， 产生 的动能经能量接收转轴， 一个圓锥形齿轮和两个圓锥形齿轮构成的棘轮， 将 波浪能转化为单一方向转动的机械能， 传输给由涡卷弹簧组构成的能量緩存 和緩冲装置， 这一能量緩存和緩冲装置能够高效吸收大小不同的输入能量， 并且能过通过能量输出轮盘， 在齿轮组调速装置的共同作用下将能量均匀地 传输给永磁发电机， 进而得到稳定输出的电能。 这一能量緩存和传递装置的 工作原理是， 转动的机械能由一个转动轴输入一个或一组中心端连接在转动 轴上的涡卷弹簧上， 这一转动轴带动了涡卷弹簧绕轴卷曲转动， 因而带动涡 卷弹簧（组）外端转动， 涡卷弹簧（组） 的外端连接一个能量输出齿轮， 这 种输入涡卷弹簧的机械能就可以通过外端连接的能量输出齿轮传递出去， 这 个装置就对机械能起到了一个緩存， 緩冲的作用， 将这种装置用于波浪能发 电的能量转换过程中， 就能对变化无常的波浪能起到緩冲和平稳作用， 能加 强波浪能发电系统的稳定性， 也使得产生的电能稳定可控。 当几个由浮球和 涡卷弹簧（组）构成的能量吸收， 转化， 输出系统， 同时向一个发电机传输 机械能时， 涡卷弹簧（组）就起到了一个能量输出相位自动补偿的作用， 保 证了每个浮球吸收的能量都能有效地传递给发电机发电。
附图说明
图 1.新型多点吸收波浪能发电装置 I
图 2.单点波浪能吸收转换系统
图 3.单向转动机械能转化结构
图 4.机械能转化 /緩冲组合（装配过程）
图 5.能量输送及发电系统
图 6.多点吸收波浪能发电装置工作原理说明图
图 7.多点吸收装置俯视图
图 8.海上多点吸收波浪能发电站俯视图
图 9.扭簧能量緩存 /緩冲结构
图 10. 新型多点吸收波浪能发电装置 I I
图 1中的新型多点吸收波浪能发电装置 I由如下结构单元构成：浮球 1 , 缆绳 2 ， 波浪能接收转轴 3 ， 圓锥形齿轮 4 ， 圓锥形棘轮 5 ，涡卷弹簧中 心轴 6 , 涡卷弹簧组 7 , 涡卷弹簧外套 8 , 能量输出齿轮 9 , 能量传输中轴 10 , 能量传输中轴棘轮组 1 1 , 齿轮调速箱 12 , 发电机组 1 3 , 电缆 14 , 阻尼 盘 15 , 固定链条 16。
具体实施方案
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方案作详细说明
参见图 1 , 本发明的设计一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 包括多 个单点波浪能吸收转换系统和一个能量传输及发电系统， 每个单点波浪能吸 收转换系统中的浮球随波浪上下波动， 吸收波浪能量， 经过机械能转化 /緩冲 组合的作用， 将吸收的波浪能转化为单一方向转动的机械能， 平稳传递给能 量传输及发电系统发电， 由所述单点波浪能吸收转换系统独立吸收波浪能， 转化为单一方向平稳转动的机械能后， 向同一个能量传输及发电系统传输能 量， 带动一个发电机发电。 釆用的单点波浪能吸收转换系统的数目为 2至 10 个。
所述单点波浪能吸收转换系统（见图 2 ), 由浮球 1 , 能量接收转轴 3 , 圓锥形齿轮 4 , 圓锥形棘轮 5 ，涡卷弹簧中心轴 6 , 涡卷弹簧组 7 , 涡卷弹 簧外套 8 , 能量输出齿轮 9组成， 特征是： 在海浪的作用下， 浮球 1 相对于 中间的发电装置作上下运动， 通过与之连接的缆绳 2带动能量接收转轴 3往 复转动 （也可以用齿轮条代替缆绳）， 在能量接收转轴 3—端的圓锥形齿轮 4 就作用于涡卷弹簧中心轴上的两个圓锥形棘轮 5 ,圓锥形齿轮 4随浮球上下运 动而往复转动， 通过两个圓锥形棘轮 5 变成单一方向转动的机械能， 通过涡 卷弹簧中心轴 6输入涡卷弹簧组 7的中心端， 形成弹簧的弹性势能， 发生扭 转。 涡卷弹簧外端连接的外套 8与能量输出齿轮 9相连， 涡卷弹簧的扭转就 使得能量输出齿轮 9转动。 能量输出齿轮 9围绕涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6转动， 但是它不是固定在中心轴上的， 所以齿轮 9是不会跟随中心轴 6转动， 而是 随涡卷弹簧组 7的扭动而转动。
本发明中的单点波浪能吸收转换系统包含了单向转动机械能转化结构 (参见图 3 ), 由能量接收转轴 3 , 在能量接收转轴 3—端的圓锥形齿轮 4 , 涡 卷弹簧的中心轴 6及两个在涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6上相对放置的圓锥形棘轮 5 组成。 单向转动机械能转化系统的工作原理是当浮球随波浪上下运动时， 就 使得能量接收转轴 3作顺、 反的往复转动， 转轴一端的圓锥形齿轮 4 同时作 用在两个相对放置在涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6 上的圓锥形棘轮 5 , 使得两个圓锥 形棘轮也作往复转动， 但如图 2 所示的相对放置使得两个圓锥形棘轮始终保 持不同的旋转方向， 其中只有一个旋转方向可使得棘轮带动涡卷弹簧的中心 轴 6转动， 正如自行车上使用齿轮装置， 只有一个方向转动可以推动自行车。 那么转轴 3 随波浪上下震动而产生的往复转动就使得两个圓锥形棘轮交替带 动涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6 向同一个方向转动， 波浪能就转化为了单一方向转动 的机械能。
本发明设计的单点波浪能吸收转换系统包含了机械能转化 /緩冲组合（参 见图 4 ), 由两个相对放置的圓锥形棘轮 5 , 涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6 , 涡卷弹簧组 7 , 涡卷弹簧外端连接的外套 8和能量输出齿轮 9组成。 工作原理是： 两个棘 轮 5交替作用于涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6 ,产生单一方向转动的机械能输入涡卷弹 簧组 7 ,使涡卷弹簧组 7发生扭动， 带动涡卷弹簧组外套 8以及与其连接的齿 轮 9一起转动， 向后续能量转化设备输出能量。 齿轮 9只与涡卷弹簧组外套 8 连接， 围绕涡卷弹簧的中心轴 6转动， 但是它不是固定在中心轴 6上的， 所 以齿轮 9是不会跟随中心轴 6转动， 而是随涡卷弹簧组的扭动而转动。 齿轮 9 是与能量传输系统连接， 能量传输系统的末端就是发电机。 当波浪能持续通 过中心轴 6输入涡卷弹簧组 7后， 弹簧扭转上升到一定的扭矩后， 就可以带 动齿轮 9转动， 进而将能量通过能量传输系统输入发电机发电。 这一过程起 到的最重要的作用是将大小不断变化的单一方向旋转的机械能输入涡卷弹簧 组， 由于弹簧的扭曲作用， 使得大小不断变化的机械能得到了 4艮好的储存和 緩冲， 经齿轮 9平稳输出给后续的能量传输中轴上棘轮 1 1。 所以这一组合起 到了将波浪能转化为单一方向转动的机械能以及对其緩冲后， 向后续发电设 备输出平稳转动的机械能的作用。
本发明的能量传输及发电系统（参见图 5 ), 由能量传输中轴 1 0 , 能量传 输中轴棘轮组 1 1 , 齿轮调速箱 12 , 发电机组 1 3组成。 其特殊工作原理是能 量传输中轴棘轮组 1 1可以同时接收来自几个不同单点波浪能吸收转换系统的 能量输入， 汇集后通过能量传输中轴 1 0传输给调速箱 12 , 随后传输给发电机 1 3发电。
本发明设计的多点吸收波浪能发电装置能够有效工作， 原因在于利用了 涡卷弹簧组的能量输出的相位自动补偿特性。 如图 6 所示， 以两个波浪吸收 点为例， 因为波浪的起伏不定， 两个浮球上下振荡的会存在一个时间差， 即 能量输入的相位差， 输出涡卷弹簧组的能量也会存在一个相位差， 当一个单 点波浪能吸收转换系统中的涡卷弹簧组首先作用于能量传递中轴 1 0上的一个 棘轮时， 会因为力量不够大而无法转动能量传递中轴 10, 或者只能使之以很 慢的速度转动， 那么涡卷弹簧组就会将吸收来的部分能量储存在弹簧中， 等 待第二个涡卷弹簧组向能量传递中轴 10产生作用力， 将力量汇集在一起， 共 同推动能量传递中轴转动， 涡卷弹簧组就起到了一个相位自动补偿的作用。 由于有了这种相位的自动补偿作用， 就可以在这个波浪能发电装置中可以并 列安放几套单点波浪能吸收转换系统， 每套系统吸收的能量通过齿轮 9传输 给中轴 10上的一个棘轮 11 , 棘轮组 11中的每一个棘轮独立接收一个涡卷弹 簧组传来的能量， 又同时作用于量传输中轴 10上， 使能量汇集、 叠加后传递 给发电机发电， 其目的在于提升波浪能的利用率和发电装置的功率， 这就是 一种多点吸收的波浪能发电形式， 可以带动一个更大功率的发电机发电， 可 以显著降低发电成本， 提高海洋能的利用率。
图 7是一个以 6个点为例的多点吸收波浪能发电装置的俯视图， 本发明 的装置不仅限于 6点吸收装置， 经过合力设计安装， 可以建造 2 以上， 直到 10的多点吸收波浪能发电装置。 还可以在海上建造框架式平台， 将多个多点 吸收波浪能发电装置结合在一起， 建造一个大型波浪能发电站， 见图 8。
本发明还涉及了一种扭簧能量緩存 /緩冲结构（图 9 ), 这种设备由扭簧中 心轴 6 , 扭簧 7a , 和能量输出齿轮 9组成。 扭簧的一端与中心轴连接， 另一 端与能量输出齿轮 9连接， 能量输出齿轮 9可以绕扭簧中心轴 6旋转。 这个 结构的工作原理是： 转动的机械能通过中心轴 6输入扭簧 7a的一端， 使扭簧 7a发生扭转， 带动另一端连接的齿轮 9一起转动， 向后续能量转化设备输出 能量。 这种结构起到了与前面所述的涡卷弹簧组能量緩存 /緩冲结构相同的作 用， 对输入的机械能有緩存 /緩冲的作用， 在多点吸收波浪能发电装置中， 也 同样起到能量输出相位自动补偿的作用， 使多个单点能量吸收及转化系统在 向同一个能量输送及发电系统传输能量时， 使能量有效的汇集、 叠加， 而不 会有能量的丟失。
本发明还涉及了一种以扭簧作为能量传递过程中起到緩存、 緩冲以及输 出相位自动补偿功能的结构， 来构造多点吸收波浪能发电装置 I I (见图 10 ), 这个装置和前面描述的新型多点吸收波浪能发电装置 I (见图 1 )基本相同， 只是用扭簧 7a代替了涡卷弹簧组 7。新型多点吸收波浪能发电装置 I I由如下 结构单元构成： 浮球 1 ， 缆绳 2 ， 波浪能接收转轴 3 ， 圓锥形齿轮 4 ， 圓锥形棘轮 5 ，涡卷弹簧中心轴 6 , 扭簧 7a , 能量输出齿轮 9 , 能量传输中 轴 10 , 能量传输中轴棘轮组 11 , 齿轮调速箱 12 , 发电机组 1 3 , 电缆 14 , 阻尼盘 15 , 固定链条 16。 在这个多点吸收波浪能发电装置中， 釆用的扭簧 能量緩存 /緩冲结构的数目可以是 2至 10个。
总之， 本发明设计的波浪能发电装置， 釆用了独特单向转动机械能转化 系统， 涡卷弹簧组能量緩存 /緩冲系统，实现了波浪能发电装置的多点能量吸 收方式， 具有吸收能量的范围更宽， 收集能量的效率更高， 波浪能利用率高， 对海况的适应能力更强， 输出的电能更稳定， 克服了机械传动波浪能发电装 置出现的失速、 不稳定的缺点， 还能大大降低波浪能发电的成本。 这些优点 决定了本发明公开的波浪能发电装置有着广阔的应用前景。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 包括 2-1G个单点波浪能吸收 转换系统和一个能量传输及发电系统， 其特征是每个单点波浪能吸收转换系统 中的浮球随波浪上下波动， 吸收波浪能量， 经过机械能转化 /緩冲组合的作用， 将吸收的波浪能转化为单一方向转动的机械能， 平稳传递给能量传输及发电系 统发电， 由所述单点波浪能吸收转换系统独立吸收波浪能， 转化为单一方向平 稳转动的机械能后， 向同一个能量传输及发电系统传输能量， 带动一个发电机 发电。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 其特征 是： 单点波浪能吸收转换系统由浮球（1 ), 缆绳（2 ), 能量接收转轴 （3), 圓 锥形齿轮（ 4 ) ， 两圓锥形棘轮 (5) ,涡卷弹簧中心轴（ 6 ), 涡卷弹簧组（ 7 ), 涡卷弹簧外套 ( 8 ), 能量输出齿轮（ 9 )组成， 在海浪的作用下， 浮球（ 1 )相 对于中间的发电装置作上下运动， 通过缆绳（2) 带动能量接收转轴（3)转动， 在能量接收转轴 （3)—端的圓锥形齿轮（4 )就作用于涡卷弹簧中心轴上的两 个圓锥形棘轮（5), 圓锥形齿轮（4 ) 随浮球上下运动而往复转动， 也使两个圓 锥形棘轮 (5) 交替往复运动， 带动涡卷弹簧中心轴（6 )始终向一个方向转动， 将吸收的能量变成单一方向转动的机械能， 输入涡卷弹簧组（7) 的中心端， 形 成弹簧的弹性势能， 发生扭转。 涡卷弹簧外端连接的外套（8)与能量输出齿轮
( 9 )相连， 涡卷弹簧的扭转就使得能量输出齿轮（9 )转动， 并将能量传输给 后续发电装置。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 其特征 是： 所述的能量传输及发电系统， 由能量传输中轴（10), 能量传输中轴棘轮组
( 11 ), 齿轮调速箱 （12 ), 发电机组（13)组成， 由所述的单点波浪能吸收转 换系统将吸收的波浪能转换为单一方向转动的机械能后通过齿轮（9 )分别传输 给棘轮组（11 ) 中一个与之相对应的棘轮， 每一个棘轮都作用于同一个能量传 输中轴（10), 多个单点波浪能吸收转换系统所吸收的能量就因此汇集起来， 转 动能量传输中轴（10), 经齿轮调速箱 （12)调速后输入发电机发电。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 其特征 是： 所述的机械能转化 /緩冲组合由两个相对放置的圓锥形棘轮（5), 涡卷弹簧 的中心轴 ( 6 ), 涡卷弹簧组 ( 7 ), 涡卷弹簧外端连接的外套 ( 8 )和能量输出齿 轮（9 )组成； 其中两个棘轮（5) 交替作用于涡卷弹簧的中心轴 （6 ), 产生单 一转动的机械能输入涡卷弹簧组（7), 使涡卷弹簧组（7)发生扭动， 带动涡卷 弹簧组外套（8) 以及与其连接的齿轮（9 )一起转动， 向后续能量转化设备输 出能量。
5、 一种用于波浪能发电的单向转动机械能转化结构， 由能量接收转轴（3), 在能量接收转轴 （3)—端的圓锥形齿轮（4 ), 涡卷弹簧的中心轴 （6 )及两个 在涡卷弹簧的中心轴（6)上相对放置的圓锥形棘轮（5) 组成； 其特征是当浮 球随波浪上下运动时， 能量接收转轴（3)作顺、 反时针的往复转动， 转轴一端 的圓锥形齿轮（4 ) 同时作用在两个相对放置在涡卷弹簧的中心轴 （6 )上的圓 锥形棘轮（5 ), 使得两个圓锥形棘轮作相对的往复转动， 其中只有一个旋转方 向可使得棘轮带动涡卷弹簧的中心轴（6)转动， 正如自行车上使用齿轮装置, 有一个方向转动可以推动自行车。 I当转轴 ( 3)随波浪上下震动而产生的往复 转动就使得两个圓锥形棘轮交替带动涡卷弹簧的中心轴（ 6 )向同一个方向转动， 波浪能就转化为了单一方向转动的机械能。
6、 一种波浪能发电装置， 釆用了一个或多个权利要求 5中所描述的单向转 动机械能转化结构， 作为波浪能发电装置的部分结构。
7、 一种权利要求 1中所述的新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 其特征是 釆用了若干个权利要求 4中所述的机械能转化 /緩冲组合， 当各能量吸收点向一 个电能转化中心输送能量时， 机械能转化 /緩冲组合起到了能量传输的自动相位 补偿作用， 使得多点吸收波浪能得以有效实现。
8、 一种用于多点吸收波浪能发电的扭簧能量緩存 /緩冲结构， 包括扭簧中 心轴（6), 扭簧（7a), 能量输出齿轮（9), 其特征是： 扭簧（7a) 的一端与中 心轴 （6)连接， 另一端与能量输出齿轮（9 )连接， 转动的机械能通过中心轴
(6)输入扭簧（7a) 的一端， 使扭簧（7a)发生扭转， 带动另一端连接的齿轮 ( 9 )一起转动， 向后续能量转化设备输出能量。
9、 一种多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 釆用了若干个权利要求 8中所描述的扭 簧能量緩存 /緩冲结构， 作为发电装置的部分结构。
10、 一种权利要求 1 中所述的一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置， 其 特征是由如下结构单元构成： 浮球（1)、 缆绳（2)、 波浪能接收转轴 （3)、 圓 锥形齿轮（ 4 )、 圓锥形棘轮 ( 5 )、 中心轴（ 6 )、 扭簧（ 7a )、 能量输出齿轮 ( 9 )、 能量传输中轴（10)、 能量传输中轴棘轮组（11)、 齿轮调速箱 （12)、 发电机组
( 13)、 电缆（14)、 阻尼盘（15)及固定链条（16)。
PCT/CN2012/075543 2012-05-15 2012-05-16 一种新型高效多点吸收波浪能发电装置 WO2013170450A1 (zh)

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