Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
  • G06F8/30—Creation or generation of source code
  • G06F8/31—Programming languages or programming paradigms
  • G06F8/315—Object-oriented languages

Definitions

• the present invention is generally related to computer systems and software, and is particularly related to supporting an object-oriented programming language environment.
• OOP Object-oriented programming
• objects which are usually instances of a class.
• the OOP techniques can include features such as data abstraction, encapsulation, messaging, modularity, polymorphism, and inheritance.
• Each object which can have a distinct role or responsibility, is capable of receiving messages, processing data, and sending messages to other objects. Additionally, these objects can be closely associated with various actions, or methods. This is the general area that embodiments of the invention are intended to address.
• the object-oriented programming language environment can include an interface that can provide a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time. Furthermore, after receiving a request from a caller to get the object based on the deferred reference, the interface can return the object to the caller when the object is available or can indcate to the caller when the object is not currently available and/or when the object will never become available.
• the system comprises means for providing a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time, and means for performing, after receiving a request from a caller to get the object based on the deferred reference, one of: returning the object to the caller when the object is available, and indicating to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• the system comprises an interface configured to provide a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time and a caller configured to send a request to the interface to get the object based on the deferred reference.
• the interface after receiving the request from the caller, is further configured to perform one of: returning the object to the caller when the object is available, and indicating to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• Figure 1 shows an illustration of supporting a deferred reference in an object-oriented programming (OOP) environment in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
• OOP object-oriented programming
• Figure 2 shows an illustration of an exemplary interface for defining a deferred type in an OOP environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 3 shows an illustration of an exemplary software pseudo code for acquiring management bean information from a server, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary flow chart for supporting a deferred reference in an OOP environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary system for supporting a deferred reference in an OOP environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6 illstrates a functional block diagram to show features in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• Described herein are systems and methods that can support a deferred reference in an object-oriented programming (OOP) environment.
• OOP object-oriented programming
• a reference object can encapsulate a reference to another object, or a referent, so that the reference itself can be examined and manipulated like the referent object.
• a deferred reference represents a referent that may not exist yet, may not be available or will only become available at some point in the future.
• FIG. 1 shows an illustration of supporting a deferred reference in an OOP environment in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
• an OOP environment 100 e.g. a JAVA programming environment
• the differed reference 101 can be based on an interface 1 10, which can define a deferred type in the OOP environment 100.
• the future object 103 can be an object, e.g. a Server, a Member, a Connection, an Mbean, a Value, and a Condition, that will be available at a future time.
• a caller 102 can send a request, e.g. a get method, to obtain the future object 103 based on the deferred reference 101.
• the computation to resolve the referent, or the future object 102, may not start until the get method is called.
• the return of the deferred reference 101 to the caller 102 happens immediately.
• the caller 102 can be implemented on a general purpose computer which includes well-known hardware elements such as a processor, a memory and a communication interface.
• the caller 102 is realized when instructions of a software program are executed by the processor.
• the OOP environment 100 can provide an indication to the caller 102 that the future object 103 is not currently available. Alternatively, the OOP environment can return the future object 103 to the caller 102 as soon as it becomes available.
• the OOP environment can avoid blocking a calling thread 104 that the caller 102 uses to request for the future object 102, while waiting for the future object 102 to become available.
• Such an asynchronized model can be beneficial, since the calling thread 104 can be responsible for other important tasks.
• the OOP environment 100 can use one or more helpers 120 to extend the functionalities of a deferred reference 101. Also, the OOP environment 100 allows for nesting another deferred reference into the deferred reference 101 .
• the OOP environment can provide a future class definition, e.g. a JAVA Future class, which can represent the result of an asynchronous operation that has been requested.
• a future class definition e.g. a JAVA Future class
• the OOP environment can avoid various problems associated with the JAVA Future class.
• the computation to resolve the value may start when the future class is created.
• the future classes may force the calling threads to wait.
• the JAVA Future classes can provide a Future.getQ method that must block the calling thread to wait forever until a value is produced, or a Future. get(time) method that blocks calling thread for a specified amount of time. Both methods force developers to write blocking algorithms, which are not asynchronous.
• the deferred reference 102 can be enabled as part of a software package, such as part of a com. oracle.tools. deferred package in Oracle Coherence Incubator Common, or be enabled in a separate jar for wider uses.
• FIG. 2 shows an illustration of an exemplary interface for defining a deferred type in an OOP environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• an interface Deferred can be used, or implemented, to provide a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time (Line 1 ).
• the interface Deferred includes a get() method that can returns the deferred reference (Line 3), and a getDeferredclassQ method that can determine the class of the referent without actually existing (Line 5).
• the get() method When the get() method is invoked by a caller, the object-oriented programming language environment can avoid blocking the calling thread, while waiting for the future object to become available. Unlike the JAVA Future classes, which waits for the result value to be produced, the get() method in the interface Deferred returns a reference to the future object rapidlyely.
• the OOP environment can return a NULL value or throw a runtime exception if the object is not currently available.
• the object-oriented programming language environment can throw an object not available exception (e.g. an ObjectNotAvailableException) if the object may never become available.
• the OOP environment can provide different types of deferred helpers for extending the functionalities of a deferred reference.
• a deferred helper which is shown in the following, can ensure that the caller waits a certain period of time for the object to become available, or retries after a certain period of time.
• an ensured Deferred type can use a deferred implementation (wrapper) that waits a certain amount of time for an object in a Deferred type to become available.
• any Deferred type can be ensured.
• the ensured Deferred type allows the nested Deferred types without a need of nested timeouts.
• the Deferred types do not implement blocking semantics, while only Ensured types do.
• the ensured Deferred allows "waiting" with customizable semantics, while the Deferred types may never block the calling thread.
• the Deferred types can throw an (runtime) ObjectNotAvailableExceptions when the referents are assumed never to become available.
• the OOP environment can resolve a deferred value by waiting a maximum (default) period of time, or retrying after a default period of time.
• public ⁇ T> T ensure(Deferred ⁇ T> deferred);
• the object-oriented programming language environment allows the caller to specify an explicit maximum time out.
• public ⁇ T> T ensure(Deferred ⁇ T> deferred, long duration, TimeUnit unit);
• the OOP environment can support deferred method invocation based on the concept of deferred helpers.
• a recording dynamic proxy of an interface and/or object can be created.
• the OOP environment can obtain a "recording" dynamic proxy of a Deferred type, deferred.
• the OOP environment can obtain a Deferred type representing the last recorded invoking call as shown in the following.
• the OOP environment can obtain a deferred type, Deferred ⁇ lnteger>, that represents the last recorded invoking call to list.size.
• a value concerning the last recorded dynamic proxy of the object can be returned to a caller as a deferred value, e.g. a deferred integer can represent the size of a list at a future time.
• a deferred reference can be nested into another deferred reference.
• the OOP environment can support method chaining.
• defHasElements eventually(invoking(list).getEnumeration().hasElements());
• the object-oriented programming language environment can support deferred method invocation on a deferred type.
• defSize eventually(invoking(defClusterMBean).getSize());
• the deferred reference can be beneficial in a distributed data environment. For example, instead of using multiple try blocks, a simple test can ensure that a cluster reaches a certain size by simply calling the following to ensure that the virtual machine and Mbean server in the distributed data environment are available. assertthat(eventually(invoking(defClusterMbean).getSize()), is (4))
• the OOP environment can provide various other deferred helpers.
• a deferred helper that can cache a result of a successful get() request.
• a deferred helper can convert a value T into a Deferred ⁇ T>.
• the OOP environment can obtain Java Future representation of a deferred type.
• FIG 3 shows an illustration of an exemplary software pseudo code for acquiring management bean information from a server, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• a caller can establish a connection to a server, e.g. a JMX M BeanServer instance (Line 5) before retrieving related management bean information, e.g. an MBeanlnfo instance, based on the name of an object, objectName (Line 6).
• a server e.g. a JMX M BeanServer instance (Line 5)
• related management bean information e.g. an MBeanlnfo instance
• the OOP environment may need to ensure that various conditions are satisfied before acquiring the management bean information from the server.
• a virtual machine e.g. a JAVA virtual machine (JVM), on which the JMX MBeanServer instance is running, may need to be started before the JMX MBeanServer can be created.
• a server connection e.g. the MbeanServerConnection may need to be available with the MBean registered.
• the object- oriented programming language environment may also need to handle various other exceptions, such as the lOException, InstanceNotFoundException, ClassCastException.
• the object-oriented programming language environment can use try blocks, as shown in the following, to ensure that these conditions can be satisfied. while(true) ⁇
• defM Bean Info new DeferredMBeanlnfo(defJMXConnector, objectName)
• the code for acquiring management bean information from a server can be simply implemented as:
• MBeanlnfo info ensure(defMbeanlnfo);
• MBeanlnfo info ensure(defMbeanlnfo, 2, TimeUnit.MINUTES).
• the ensuring deferred types can isolate "waiting" logic into the ensuring method that takes a deferred type as a parameter. Furthermore, the ensuring deferred types allow nested deferred types without nested timeouts.
• the OOP environment can assert that a service is running. assertThat(eventually(invoking(CacheFactory.getService(''some-service”).is unning()), is(true)); [00055] Also, the OOP environment can assert that two named cache, cacheA and cacheB are equal.
• NamedCache cacheA ...
• NamedCache cacheB ...
• Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary flow chart for supporting a deferred reference in an OOP environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• the OOP environment can provide a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time.
• the OOP environment can return the object to the caller when the object is available or can indicate to the caller when the object is not currently available and/or when the object will never become available.
• Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary system for supporting a deferred reference in an OOP environment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• the system 500 is shown as comprising an interface 510 and a caller 502.
• the caller 502 caller can send a request to the interface 510 to get an object based on the deferred reference.
• the interface 510 can provide a deferred reference to the object that will be available at a future time, and, after receiving the request from the caller, can perform one of: returning the object to the caller when the object is available, and indicating to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• the interface 510 is capable of avoiding blocking a calling thread that the caller 502 uses to request the object based on the deferred reference while waiting for the object to become available.
• the interface 510 is also capable of informing the caller 502 about which class the object is associated with before the object becomes available.
• the interface 510 is further capable of throwing a runtime exception or returning a NULL value, when the object is not currently available.
• the interface 510 is further capable of throwing an object not available exception, if the object will never become available.
• the interface 510 can allow for nesting a deferred reference into another deferred reference.
• the system 510 can further comprises a helper 520.
• the helper 520 is capable of ensuring that the caller 502 waits a maximum period of time for the object to become available.
• the helper 520 is also capable of creating a deferred reference to an object based on a class definition associated with the object.
• the helper 520 is further capable of obtaining a recording dynamic proxy of the object, and providing a deferred representation of a last recorded call by the recording dynamic proxy of the object.
• a system for supporting a deferred reference in an object-oriented programming language environment operating on one or more microprocessors comprises means for providing a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time, and means for performing, after receiving a request from a caller to get the object based on the deferred reference, one of: returning the object to the caller when the object is available, and indicating to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• the system further comprises means for avoiding blocking a calling thread that the caller uses to request the object based on the deferred reference while waiting for the object to become available.
• the system further comprises means for informing the caller about which class the object is associated with before the object becomes available.
• the system further comprises means for throwing a runtime exception or returning a NULL value, when the object is not currently available.
• the system further comprises means for throwing an object not available exception, if the object will never become available.
• the system further comprises means for ensuring that the caller waits a maximum period of time for the object to become available.
• the system further comprises means for creating a deferred reference to an object based on a class definition associated with the object.
• the system further comprises means for nesting a deferred reference into another deferred reference.
• the system further comprises means for obtaining a recording dynamic proxy of the object, and means for providing a deferred representation of a last recorded call by the recording dynamic proxy of the object.
• the system further comprises meas for providing a mechanism for an application to be notified when the deferred object becomes available.
• a system for supporting a deferred reference in an object-oriented programming language environment comprising an interface configured to provide a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time and a caller configured to send a request to the interface to get the object based on the deferred reference.
• the interface after receiving the request from the caller, is further configured to perform one of: returning the object to the caller when the object is available, and indicating to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• the interface is capable of avoiding blocking a calling thread that the caller uses to request the object based on the deferred reference while waiting for the object to become available.
• the interface is capable of informing the caller about which class the object is associated with before the object becomes available.
• the interface is capable of throwing a runtime exception or returning a NULL value, when the object is not currently available.
• the interface is capable of throwing an object not available exception, if the object will never become available.
• the system further comprises a helper that is capable of ensuring that the caller waits a maximum period of time for the object to become available.
• the system further comprises a helper that is capable of creating a deferred reference to an object based on a class definition associated with the object.
• the interface allows for nesting a deferred reference into another deferred reference.
• the system further comprises a helper that is capable of obtaining a recording dynamic proxy of the object, and providing a deferred representation of a last recorded call by the recording dynamic proxy of the object.
• Figure 6 illustrates a functional block diagram to show the present feature.
• the present feature may be implemented as a system 600 for supporting a deferred reference in an object- oriented programming language environment.
• the system 600 includes one or more microprocessors 610 and an interface 110 running on the one or more microprocessors 610.
• the one or more microprocessors 610 includes: a providing unit 620 configured to provide a deferred reference to an object that will be available at a future time; and a performing unit 630 configured to perform, after receiving a request from a caller to get the object based on the deferred reference, one of: returning the object to the caller when the object is available, and indicating to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• Performing unit 630 includes returning unit 631 and indicating unit 632.
• Returning unit 631 is configured to return the object to the caller when the object is available.
• Indicating unit 632 is configured to indicate to the caller at least one of when the object is not currently available and when the object will never become available.
• the present invention may be conveniently implemented using one or more conventional general purpose or specialized digital computer, computing device, machine, or microprocessor, including one or more processors, memory and/or computer readable storage media programmed according to the teachings of the present disclosure.
• Appropriate software coding can readily be prepared by skilled programmers based on the teachings of the present disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the software art.
• the present invention includes a computer program product which is a storage medium or computer readable medium (media) having instructions stored thereon/in which can be used to program a computer to perform any of the processes of the present invention.
• the storage medium can include, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical discs, DVD, CD-ROMs, microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, DRAMs, VRAMs, flash memory devices, magnetic or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any type of media or device suitable for storing instructions and/or data.

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• 2013
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