WO2013166638A1 - 用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置及其补碳方法 - Google Patents

用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置及其补碳方法 Download PDF

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WO2013166638A1
WO2013166638A1 PCT/CN2012/075122 CN2012075122W WO2013166638A1 WO 2013166638 A1 WO2013166638 A1 WO 2013166638A1 CN 2012075122 W CN2012075122 W CN 2012075122W WO 2013166638 A1 WO2013166638 A1 WO 2013166638A1
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carbon
cover
open
culture
culture solution
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PCT/CN2012/075122
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丛威
刘明
吴霞
温树梅
张东梅
孙中亮
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中国科学院过程工程研究所
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Priority to US14/396,597 priority Critical patent/US10160945B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/075122 priority patent/WO2013166638A1/zh
Priority to AU2012379588A priority patent/AU2012379588B2/en
Publication of WO2013166638A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013166638A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/18—Open ponds; Greenhouse type or underground installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means

Definitions

  • Horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for cultivating microalgae in open pool and carbon supplementing method thereof
  • the present invention relates to the field of microalgae cultivation, and in particular, to a horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing apparatus for open cell culture of microalgae and a carbon supplementing method therefor. Background technique
  • Microalgae can produce a variety of chemicals through photosynthesis of fixed carbon dioxide. Some can produce aliphatic hydrocarbons. For example, algae can produce 15% ⁇ 75% of the dry weight of the cells, some can accumulate glycogen, some can accumulate glycerin, and many microalgae can contain up to 60% of dry weight. the above.
  • the calorific value of biomass fuel obtained by algae pyrolysis is as high as 33 MJ/kg.
  • Microalgae can be cultivated in seawater, alkaline water or semi-alkaline water, do not compete with crops for land and freshwater resources, and can also use wastewater. It is an important way to obtain effective biological resources in freshwater shortages and poor land areas. Microalgae is expected to be an important source of energy and chemicals for the future.
  • the content of carbon in the microalgae cells accounts for more than half of the dry weight of the cells.
  • the algae cells fix the carbon dioxide into their own components through photosynthesis during the growth process, so it is necessary to maintain the supply of carbon sources in the culture solution during the algae cultivation process.
  • the inorganic carbon source in the algae culture solution exists in three forms of HC0 3 -, C0 3 2 - and free CO 2 .
  • the proportion of the three forms of carbon in the aqueous solution varies with the pH value.
  • baking soda NaHC0 3
  • the pH of the culture solution gradually increases with the dissociation of HC0 3 - and the utilization of C0 2 , and more than half of NaHC0 3 is converted to Na 2 C0 3 and cannot It is utilized, the carbon source is consumed, and the pH of the culture fluid is increased, which makes it difficult to recycle the water.
  • C0 2 is used as the carbon source and microalgae is used as C0 2 , the problem of raising the pH of the culture solution can be avoided, which is beneficial to maintain a suitable culture environment, so that the water can be used for a long time or repeatedly.
  • Open culture is a traditional and simple microalgae culture model. It is also known as a mature microalgae culture technology. It has the advantages of simple construction and easy operation. It is industrialized in the production of spirulina, chlorella and salt algae. Obtained applications (Chaumont D., J. Appl. PhycoL, 1993, 5: 593-604; Richmond A., Progress in Physiological Research, Vol.7, Biopress, Bristol, 1990, 269-330; Borowitzka LT, Bioresource Technology , 1991, 38: 251-252).
  • Tank type carbon supplement (CN200610018771.9, a device for replenishing carbon dioxide in a microalgae culture tank) is to dig a deep trough in the culture tank to flow the culture liquid through the deep tank, and arrange a vent pipe at the bottom of the tank to supply carbon dioxide to the culture liquid. The method will disturb the spatial layout of the traditional open pool, and there is no mixing in the trough. After a period of time, the bottom of the trough is saturated with carbon dioxide, which becomes a mass dead zone and loses the role of deep trough.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal immersion hood type carbon replenishing device for cultivating microalgae in an open pond in order to solve the above problems.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon supplementing method for cultivating microalgae in an open pond.
  • the idea of the present invention is to directly arrange a gas distributor at the bottom of the open pool.
  • a cover immersed in the culture liquid is disposed above the gas distributor, and the cover is sufficiently extended along the flow direction of the culture liquid, so that the air bubbles are sealed.
  • the cover there is sufficient contact time with the culture liquid flowing together in the cover, thereby increasing the gas absorption rate.
  • the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for open cell culture microalgae of the present invention comprises one or more hoods 1 and a gas distributor 2, the gas distributor 2 being disposed at the bottom of the open pool, the hood 1 is disposed above the gas distributor 2, the cover 1 is a cylinder open at both ends, arranged along the flow direction of the culture liquid, and the two ports of the cover 1 are respectively a culture liquid inlet 3 and a culture liquid outlet 4; wherein the gas distributor 2 The distance from the culture solution outlet 4 of the cover 1 is 40 cm or more.
  • the gas distributor 2 may be located below the culture solution inlet 3 of the cover 1 or other portions of the cover as long as the distance from the gas distributor 2 to the culture solution outlet 4 of the cover 1 is 40 cm or more.
  • the gas distributor 2 is located below the broth inlet 3 of the hood 1.
  • the gas distributor 2 and the culture liquid outlet 4 are separated by 60 to 750 cm.
  • the length of the cover 1 in the flow direction of the culture solution should ensure that the gas-liquid contact time is between 3 seconds and 15 seconds, so the preferred flow from the gas distributor 2 to the culture solution outlet 4 of the cover 1
  • the distance is the flow distance of the culture solution in the flow channel within 3 seconds to 15 seconds.
  • the flow rate of the culture medium in the open pool is generally 20 to 50 cm / sec, so the distance from the gas distributor 2 to the culture liquid outlet 4 of the hood 1 is preferably 60 to 750 cm.
  • the cover 1 is directly fixed to the bottom of the open pool or overhead to the bottom of the open pool.
  • the bottom of the cover 1 may be open or closed.
  • the main body of the cover 1 is a semicircular cylinder, an arcuate cylinder, a rectangular cylinder or a trapezoidal cylinder.
  • the culture liquid inlet 3 and/or the culture liquid outlet 4 of the cover 1 may have a tapered or flared flared structure.
  • the cover 1 has a height of 2 to 20 cm, which is immersed in the culture liquid.
  • the cover 1 has a width of 2 cm or more.
  • Each hood can be as small as 2 cm (such as a gas distribution tube) and as large as the open pool (such as a plurality of gas distribution tubes or multiple gas distributors).
  • the gas distribution surface (plate) of the gas distributor is porous, and may be a tubular gas distributor or one or more gas distribution heads connected to the gas pipe. It can be a hard one, such as a porous ceramic tube or a glass core, or a soft one, such as a commercially available aeration hose or a variable orifice aeration hose.
  • the two or more covers 1 can be processed in combination to form Conjoined structure.
  • the cover 1 has a wall thickness of 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the cover material may be a plastic plate, a stainless steel plate, a wood board or the like, and can be processed and formed to have a certain strength; it may be transparent or opaque.
  • the carbon supplementing method for cultivating microalgae in an open pool based on the carbon supplementing device of the present invention is characterized in that a horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device is disposed at the bottom of the open pool in the direction of the open pool flow passage, so that the culture liquid is immersed The top of the cover; the culture solution is pumped from the culture solution of the cover 1 under the push of the original agitator 9 of the open cell
  • the flow rate of the culture solution in the open cell is 20 to 50 cm / sec.
  • the C0 2 flow rate in the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device is equivalent to the pure C0 2 in the standard condition, and the width of the open pool per meter is 0.1 to 20 liters/min.
  • the flow of the culture liquid in the open pool can be realized by the original agitator of the open pool, such as a leaf wheel or a stirring arm.
  • the material of the agitator can be bamboo, plastic, stainless steel, other metal materials, and the like.
  • the depth of the culture solution in the open cell may be 2 to 30 cm.
  • the original agitator of the open pool can be lowered to a position where the agitator tip is lower than the bottom of the open pool, that is, the agitator 9 leaves The tip is lower than the bottom of the open pool.
  • the bottom of the pool in the open pool may be dug out of the shallow tank to install the carbon supplementing device, that is, The carbon unit is installed below the open bottom.
  • the bottom of the shallow groove of the carbon filling device may be a flat bottom, a flat bottom with rounded corners, or a semi-circular bottom; the material is cement, plastic plate, stainless steel plate, brick or the same material as the open bottom.
  • the preferred gas distributor is arranged such that the long direction of the gas distributor is aligned with the flow direction of the culture solution.
  • the carbon supplementation method according to the present invention wherein the CO 2 is one or more of the purified flue gas, the industrial CO 2 gas, the pure CO 2 gas or the air mixed with CO 2 or the liquid C0 2 .
  • the medium for culturing the microalgae may be any medium suitable for the growth of microalgae well known in the art, such as Zarrouk medium, SM medium, ASP 2 medium, BG-11 medium, etc., or may be
  • the culture medium required for algae requires a culture medium of C0 2 .
  • the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device and the carbon supplementing method of the invention can be used for large-scale cultivation in an open pool C0 2 is added in the process of raising various microalgae, including various microalgae such as spirulina, Scenedesmus, Haematococcus pluvialis, salt algae, chlorella, and Chlamydomonas.
  • various microalgae such as spirulina, Scenedesmus, Haematococcus pluvialis, salt algae, chlorella, and Chlamydomonas.
  • the main reason for the very low carbon source utilization rate when carbon supplementation with C0 2 is that the culture liquid layer is relatively shallow, the gas-liquid contact time is short, and the carbon dioxide gas is too late to be absorbed or overflowed.
  • the carbon supplementing device of the invention not only overcomes the above disadvantages, but also the hood method (Li Yeguang, Hu Hongjun, Zhang Liangjun, Chen Zhixiang. Research on the industrial production of spirulina by using carbon dioxide as a carbon source. Wuhan Botanical Research,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for cultivating microalgae in an open pond according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the position of a horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for open cell culture of microalgae in the open cell flow channel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the flow direction of the broth in the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for the open pool culture of the microalgae according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for use in open pond culture of microalgae in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the different cross-sectional shapes of the main body of the carbon-filling device cover of the present invention (the cover is directly dropped on the bottom of the open pool, and one or more gas distributors and a cross-sectional shape of the cover are shown under each cover).
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing different arrangement modes of the carbon-fixing device of the present invention (showing that the cover is overhead, the bottom of the cover is open or closed, the cover is connected, and the gas distributor is grounded or overhead).
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the flaring structure of the cover of the carbon-improving device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the use of the carbon supplementing device of the present invention when the depth of the culture liquid is shallow and the agitator tip is lower than the agitator of the open bottom.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing the flow of the carbon-improving device of the present invention in a flow direction of the culture liquid below the position of the open bottom.
  • Figure 10 is a side elevational view of the carbon-filling device of the present invention installed at a position below the bottom of the open pool.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing the overall layout of the carbon supplementing apparatus of the present invention for cultivating microalgae in an open pond (top view).
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a system for automatically replenishing carbon using the carbon supplementing device of the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 12 is a schematic view of a system for automatically replenishing carbon using the carbon supplementing device of the present invention.
  • the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device for open cell culture microalgae of the present invention comprises one or more hoods 1 and a gas distributor 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 6), wherein the gas distributor 2 is disposed at Opening the bottom 6 of the pool, the cover 1 is placed over the gas distributor 2, the cover 1 is a cylinder open at both ends, arranged along the flow direction 5 of the culture liquid, and the two ports are respectively a culture liquid inlet 3 and a culture liquid outlet 4 ( 2, 3); wherein the gas distributor 2 and the culture liquid outlet 4 of the cover 1 are more than 40 cm apart.
  • the distance between the gas distributor 2 and the culture solution outlet 4 of the cover 1 is preferably 60 to 750 cm.
  • the cover 1 can be fixed directly to the bottom of the open pool (Fig.
  • the body of the cover 1 may be a semi-circular cylinder, an arcuate cylinder, a rectangular cylinder or a trapezoidal cylinder (Fig. 5).
  • the culture fluid inlet 3 and/or the culture fluid outlet 4 of the cover 1 may have a flared or flared flared configuration (Fig. 7).
  • the height of the cover 1 is 2 to 20 cm, which is subject to the immersion of the microalgae culture liquid level 8.
  • the width of the cover 1 can be as small as 2 cm (such as covering a gas distribution tube), and can be as large as the width of the open pool flow channel (ie, the distance between the sides of the flow channel 7 is open) (eg, covering multiple gases) Distribution tube or multiple gas distributors).
  • the two or more covers 1 can be joined together to form a joint structure (Fig. 6).
  • the carbon supplementing method for the open pool culture microalgae of the present invention is characterized in that one or more sets of horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing devices are arranged in the open pool along the flow channel direction, each group comprising one or more horizontal immersion hoods Type carbon supplementing device, each horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device comprises a hood in the direction of flow of the broth and one or more gas distributors covered by the broth, and the gas distributor is preferably arranged at the broth inlet 3 of the hood
  • the overall layout is shown in Figure 11.
  • the number of groups of horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing devices, the number of horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing devices in each group, and the number of gas distributors under each hood are based on a single horizontal immersion hood.
  • the carbon charging rate of the carbon device is set.
  • the agitator conventionally used in the art is an impeller
  • part of the culture liquid flows into the horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplement device from the culture liquid inlet 3 of the hood, and is discharged with the gas distributor.
  • the flow of the culture solution can be driven by the original agitator of the open tank, such as an impeller or a stirring arm.
  • the material of the agitator can be bamboo, plastic, stainless steel, other metal materials, and the like.
  • the flow rate of the culture liquid in the open pool is generally 20 to 50 cm/sec, and the C0 2 flow rate (equivalent to the standard condition of C0 2 ) is 0.1 to 20 liters per meter of the open pool width. minute.
  • the depth of the culture solution in the open cell may be 2 to 30 cm.
  • the original agitator 9 of the open cell When the depth of the culture solution in the open cell is shallow, the original agitator 9 of the open cell may be placed above the curved container 10, and the tip of the agitator is lower than the bottom of the open cell (Fig. 8);
  • the shallow groove 11 is dug out in the bottom area of the carbon filling device to install the carbon filling device, that is, the carbon filling device is installed at a position lower than the bottom of the open pool (Fig. 9 and Fig. 10).
  • the bottom of the shallow groove 11 of the carbon filling device may be a flat bottom, a flat bottom with rounded corners, or a semicircular bottom (Fig. 9); the material is cement, plastic plate, stainless steel plate, brick or the same as the open bottom. Materials and so on.
  • spirulina culture is carried out in a runway culture tank (the most common open pool, referred to as the runway pool).
  • the runway pool has a circumference of 70 meters and a width of 3 meters.
  • the agitator 9 is a set of 4 steel impellers driven by a rotating shaft. Each impeller has 4 blades, which are separated by 90 degrees, and the blades of adjacent impellers are staggered. The angle is rotated by the AC motor and the reducer.
  • the agitator 9 has a rotation radius of 50 cm.
  • each horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device comprises a cover 1 in the direction of flow of the broth and a gas distributor 2 covered by the same .
  • Each cover is made of a 1 mm thick stainless steel plate, the body of which has a semicircular cross-sectional shape, each of which is 400 cm long, 10 cm wide and 5 cm high.
  • the gas distributor 2 is a microporous rubber membrane aeration tube, which is 50 cm long, has an outer diameter of 16 mm, an inner diameter of 10 mm, a pore diameter of about 30 to 60 ⁇ m, and a broth supply flow inlet direction under the hood. Between 50 cm, the radial position is centered.
  • the culture liquid is pushed by the agitator 9 to flow along the flow path, and part of the culture liquid enters the culture liquid inlet 3 of the carbon supplementation device, comes into contact with the bubble discharged from the gas distributor 2, flows through the space below the cover 1, and flows out of the culture solution of the carbon supplementation device.
  • the outlet 4 is mixed with the culture liquid that has not entered the carbon supplementation device and continues to circulate in the flow passage.
  • the carbon supplementation adopts automatic control.
  • the automatic control method can be found in the patent of application No. CN200410009360.4. See Figure 12 for the implementation system.
  • the pH sensor 12 is a commercially available pH electrode
  • the control device 13 is a pH meter with switch control
  • the C0 2 gas source 14 is pure carbon dioxide gas from a cylinder
  • the actuator 15 is a two-position normally closed solenoid valve (via 8) Mm).
  • the opening and closing of the carbon dioxide intake valve (actuator 15) is controlled according to the pH of the culture solution.
  • the flow rate and pressure of the C0 2 gas are monitored by the flow meter 16 and the pressure gauge 17.
  • the algae species is Spirulina Platensis, from the Institute of Aquatic Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 439, and the medium is Zarrouk medium.
  • the initial concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 0.05 mol/L.
  • the average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool was 15 cm, and the algae cell inoculation density was 0.40 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 9.6 to 9.7, and when the pH of the culture solution rises to 9.6, the automatic carbon supplementation is started, and the flow rate of the carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15) is 1 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide). , standard conditions). Adjust the speed of the motor so that the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 25 cm / sec.
  • Chlorella was cultured in an open cell, and the culture solution was BG-11 medium supplemented with NaN0 3 as a nitrogen source.
  • the average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool was 12 cm.
  • the algae cell inoculation density was 0.5 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 7.5 to 7.6.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 on) was 0.5 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 30 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder is 90%.
  • Each cover is 800 cm long, 6 cm wide and 3 cm high.
  • the average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool was 10 cm.
  • the algae cell inoculation density was 0.6 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 9.5 to 9.6.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15) is 1 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide, standard).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 50 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder was 98%.
  • a set of three horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing devices are provided, and each horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device comprises a hood with a flow direction of the broth and four gas distributors covered by the immersion hood.
  • the main body of the cover has a curved cross section, and each cover has a length of 200 cm, a width of 40 cm, and a height of 10 cm.
  • Chlorella was cultured in an open cell, and the culture solution was BG-11 medium supplemented with NaN0 3 as a nitrogen source. The average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool is 20 cm.
  • the algae cell seeding density was 0.3 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 7.5 to 7.6.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 on) was 0.5 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 25 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder was 86%.
  • Example 5 The flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 on) was 0.5 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 25 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder was 86%.
  • Example 5 The flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 on) was 0.5 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 25 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder was 86%.
  • Example 5 The flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 on) was 0.5 liter/min (pure
  • Each horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device comprises a hood that is in the direction of flow of the broth and two gas distributors that are covered by it.
  • the main body of the cover has an arcuate shape, and each cover has a length of 200 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a height of 3 cm.
  • a shallow groove of a 2 cm deep flat bottom slope was dug in the bottom area of each carbon filling device, and each cover and gas distributor was directly placed on the flat bottom of the shallow groove (Fig. 9, Fig. 10).
  • Scenedesmus was cultivated in an open cell, and the culture solution was BG-11 medium supplemented with NaN0 3 as a nitrogen source.
  • the average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool was 5 cm.
  • the algae cell seeding density was 1.2 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 7.4 to 7.5.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 on) was 0.5 liter/min (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 25 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder is 85%.
  • Each horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementing device comprises a hood that is in the direction of flow of the broth and two gas distributors that are covered by it.
  • the main body of the cover has a curved cross section, and each cover has a length of 200 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a height of 2 cm.
  • a shallow groove of 3 cm deep flat bottom slope was dug in the bottom area of each carbon filling device, and each cover and gas distributor overhead 1 cm was placed on the flat bottom of the shallow groove (Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 6).
  • the average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool was 3 cm. Algal cells were seeded at a density of 2 g (dry weight) / L. The pH control range is set to 9.7 to 9.8. Each gas fraction The flow rate of the carbon dioxide gas of the cloth (actuator 15 is open) is 0.5 liter / minute (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition). The flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 25 cm/sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder was 88%.
  • the main body of the cover has a trapezoidal shape, and each cover has a length of 100 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a height of 15 cm.
  • the gas distributor is a variable-hole aeration hose with a diameter of 65 mm and a length of 40 cm.
  • the flow direction of the broth is set between 0 and 40 cm below the inlet of the culture solution under the cover.
  • the average depth of the culture medium in the runway pool was 25 cm.
  • the algae cell inoculation density was 0.24 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 9.8 to 9.9.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15 open) is 1 liter / minute (pure carbon dioxide, standard condition).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 20 cm / sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the cylinder was 79%.
  • Each horizontal immersion hood type carbon supplementation device includes a hood that flows in the direction of the broth and two gas distributors that are covered by it.
  • the main body of the cover has a rectangular cross section, and each cover has a length of 50 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a height of 20 cm.
  • the gas distributor is a sand core with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 70 mm. It is placed between 5 and 10 cm of the inlet of the culture liquid under the cover perpendicular to the flow direction of the culture liquid.
  • the average depth of the culture fluid in the runway pool is 30 cm.
  • the algae cell inoculation density was 0.2 g (dry weight) / L.
  • the pH control range is set to 9.9 to 10.0.
  • the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas per gas distributor (actuator 15) is 0.5 liters / minute (pure carbon dioxide, standard).
  • the flow rate of the culture fluid in the runway pool is about 15 cm / sec. After 6 days of continuous cultivation, the carbon dioxide utilization rate of the steel bottle is 75%.

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Abstract

本发明涉及微藻培养领域，具体地，本发明涉及用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置及其补碳方法。本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置，包括一个或两个以上罩子（1）和气体分布器（2），所述气体分布器（2）设置于开放池底部，所述罩子（1）罩于气体分布器（2）上方，该罩子（1）呈两端开口的筒体，沿培养液流动方向布置，罩子（1）的两端口分别为培养液进口（3）和培养液出口（4）；其中，所述气体分布器（2）与罩子（1）的培养液出口（4）距离40厘米以上。本发明，在开放池内培养微藻细胞时，能够有效利用二氧化碳进行补碳，大大降低了生产成本。

Description

用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置及其补碳方法 技术领域
本发明涉及微藻培养领域， 具体地，本发明涉及用于开放池培养微藻的水平 浸没罩式补碳装置及其补碳方法。 背景技术
微藻可以通过光合作用固定二氧化碳生产多种化学品。 有的可以产脂肪烃， 如葡萄藻产烃量可达细胞干重的 15%〜75%，有的可积累糖原，有的可积累甘油， 许多微藻含油脂可达干重的 60 %以上。 藻类热解所获得的生物质燃油热值平均 高达 33MJ/kg。 微藻可以在海水、 碱水或半碱水中培养， 不与农作物争夺土地和 淡水资源， 还可以利用废水， 是淡水短缺、 土地贫瘠地区获得有效生物资源的重 要途径。 微藻有望成为未来的能源和化学品的重要来源。
微藻细胞中碳的含量占其细胞干重的一半以上，藻细胞在生长过程中通过光 合作用将二氧化碳固定为自身的组成成分，故在藻类培养过程中需在培养液中保 持碳源的供给。 藻类培养液中的无机碳源以 HC03-、 C03 2-和游离的 C02三种形 式存在。 三种形式的碳在水溶液中的含量比例随 pH值的变化而变化。 若使用小 苏打 (NaHC03)为碳源， 则随着 HC03-的解离和 C02的利用， 培养液的 pH值逐渐 升高， 有超过一半的 NaHC03转化为 Na2C03而不能被利用， 碳源消耗大， 培养 液 pH升高导致水体难以循环利用。若直接以 C02为碳源，微藻利用的就是 C02, 则可以避免培养液 pH值升高的问题， 有利于维持适宜的培养环境， 使水可以长 时间或者重复使用。
开放式培养是传统而又简单的微藻培养模式，也是目前被大家公认为是成熟 的微藻培养技术， 优点是构建简单、 操作简便， 在螺旋藻、 小球藻和盐藻的工业 化生产中获得了应用 (Chaumont D.， J. Appl. PhycoL, 1993, 5: 593-604； Richmond A., Progress in Physiological Research, Vol.7, Biopress, Bristol, 1990， 269-330； Borowitzka L.T., Bioresource Technology, 1991, 38: 251-252)。然而， 传统开放池由 于液层深度 20〜30 cm， 如果以鼓泡的方式直接向培养池中补加 C02， 由于气泡 在培养液中停留时间短， 使得 C02的吸收率非常低， 只有 13%〜20%的 C02被 吸收 ( Becker EW, Microalgae: biotechnology and microbiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994, pp 293 )。 Ferreira等 ( Ferreira B S, Fernandes H L, Reis A and Mateus M. Microporous hollow fibres for carbon dioxide absorption: mass transfer model fitting and the supplying of carbon dioxide to microalgae cultures. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1998, 71 : 61-70)利用中空纤维膜来强化气液传质，以提高 C02 的吸收率， 但该法造价高， 中空纤维膜易受污染。
气罩法（李夜光， 胡鸿钧， 张良军， 陈志祥。 以二氧化碳为碳源工业化生产 螺旋藻工艺技术的研究。 武汉植物学研究， 1996， 14(4): 349-356) 是在微藻养殖 水面上扣一个几平米的罩子，将二氧化碳气体通入罩子内， 依靠罩子扣住的水面 向培养液传递二氧化碳。该方法的问题在于气液交换的比表面积小； 气罩内会积 累氧气、 氮气从而降低传质速率， 需要不断放空， 从而损失气罩内的二氧化碳； 对于含低浓度二氧化碳的气源， 二氧化碳的吸收率很低； 而且气罩内压力稍高时 气体会从气罩下方穿过气罩外的液面漏出。 槽式补碳 （CN200610018771.9, 微 藻养殖池补充二氧化碳的装置） 是在培养池边挖一个深槽， 使培养液流过深槽， 在槽底布置通气管， 向培养液供应二氧化碳， 该方法会打乱传统的开放池的空间 布局， 且在槽内缺少混合， 一段时间后槽的底部被二氧化碳饱和后就成为传质的 死区， 失去了深槽的作用。
丛威等 （CN200510126465.2用于大规模培养微藻的补碳装置及其使用方法 和用途）发明了在开放池直接为培养液补充 C02的阱式补碳装置， 使培养液在阱 式补碳装置内形成环流， 大幅度延长了气液接触时间， 并从阱式补碳装置的底部 供气， 大幅度提高了 C02的吸收率。 但是此补碳装置增加了开放池内流体的流动 阻力， 导致在保持同样流速情况下叶轮驱动流体的电能消耗增加，此外施工的工 程量偏大。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于， 为解决上述问题，提供一种用于开放池培养微藻的水平 浸没罩式补碳装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于开放池培养微藻的补碳方法。
本发明的构思为：直接在开放池底布设气体分布器，为了延长气液接触时间， 在气体分布器上方设置浸没于培养液内的罩子， 罩子沿培养液流动方向充分延 长， 使得气泡被封在罩子内， 与培养液在罩子内一同流动时有充分的接触时间， 从而提高气体的吸收率。 本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置，包括 1个或 2个以 上的罩子 1和气体分布器 2， 所述气体分布器 2设置于开放池底部， 所述罩子 1 罩于气体分布器 2上方， 罩子 1呈两端开口的筒体， 沿培养液流动方向布置，罩 子 1的两端口分别为培养液进口 3和培养液出口 4; 其中， 所述气体分布器 2与 罩子 1的培养液出口 4距离 40厘米以上。
气体分布器 2可以位于罩子 1的培养液进口 3或罩子其他部位的下方，只要 保证从气体分布器 2到罩子 1的培养液出口 4的距离在 40厘米以上即可。 优选 气体分布器 2位于罩子 1的培养液进口 3的下方。
根据本发明的补碳装置， 优选气体分布器 2与培养液出口 4距离 60〜750 厘米。为了施工方便并保证足够的二氧化碳吸收率， 罩子 1沿培养液流动方向的 长度应保证气液接触时间在 3秒〜 15秒， 所以优选的从气体分布器 2到罩子 1 的培养液出口 4的距离是流道内培养液在 3秒〜 15秒内的流动距离。 一般开放 池内培养液的流速为 20〜50厘米 /秒， 所以优选的从气体分布器 2到罩子 1的培 养液出口 4的距离是 60〜750厘米。
根据本发明的补碳装置，其中， 所述罩子 1直接固定于开放池底或架空设置 于开放池底。
根据本发明的补碳装置，其中， 所述罩子 1的底部可以敞开也可以为封闭结 构。
根据本发明的补碳装置，其中，所述罩子 1的主体呈半圆形筒体、弧形筒体、 矩形筒体或梯形筒体。
根据本发明的补碳装置， 为了降低罩子 1内的流体流动阻力， 所述罩子 1 的培养液进口 3和 /或培养液出口 4可以为锥形或喇叭形的扩口结构。
根据本发明的补碳装置， 其中， 所述罩子 1高度为 2〜20厘米， 以被培养液 浸没为准。
根据本发明的补碳装置， 其中， 所述罩子 1宽度大于等于 2厘米。每个罩子 的宽度可以小到 2厘米 （如罩住一根气体分布管）， 大到接近开放池的宽度 （如 罩住多根气体分布管或多个气体分布器）。
根据本发明的补碳装置，所述的气体分布器的气体分布面（板）为多孔材质, 可以是管状气体分布器或联在输气管上的一个或多个气体分布头。 可以是硬体 的，如多孔陶瓷管或玻璃砂芯，或软体的，如市售的曝气软管或可变孔曝气软管。
根据本发明的补碳装置， 其中， 所述 2个以上的罩子 1可以联体加工， 形成 联体结构。
所述的罩子 1的壁厚为 1毫米〜 10毫米。
所述的罩子材质可以为塑料板、 不锈钢板、 木板等材料， 能加工成型、 有一 定强度即可； 可以为透明或不透明。
本发明的基于上述补碳装置的用于开放池培养微藻的补碳方法， 其特征在 于，将水平浸没罩式补碳装置沿开放池流道方向设置于开放池底部， 使培养液浸 没过罩子顶端；培养液在开放池原有的搅拌器 9的推动下从罩子 1的培养液进口
3流入， 在补碳装置内与气体分布器放出的 C02接触后从罩子 1的培养液出口 4 流出。
所述开放池内的培养液流速为 20〜50厘米 /秒。
所述水平浸没罩式补碳装置内的 C02流量，折合标准状况的纯 C02，为每米 开放池宽度 0.1〜20升 /分钟。
所述的开放池内培养液的流动可以依靠开放池原有的搅拌器驱动实现，如叶 轮或搅拌臂， 搅拌器的材质可以为竹片、 塑料、 不锈钢、 其它金属材料等。
所述的开放池内培养液的深度可以是 2〜30厘米。
根据本发明的补碳方法， 当采用的开放池内的培养液的深度较浅时， 可以将 开放池原有的搅拌器下降到搅拌器叶尖低于开放池底的位置， 即，搅拌器 9叶尖 低于开放池底。
根据本发明的补碳方法， 当采用的开放池内的培养液的深度较浅时， 可以将 开放池中拟安放补碳装置的池底区域挖出浅槽以安放补碳装置， 即， 将补碳装置 安装于低于开放池底的位置。
所述的安放补碳装置的浅槽的底部可以是平底、带圆角的平底， 也可以是半 圆底； 材质为水泥、 塑料板、 不锈钢板、 砖或与开放池底同样的材料等。
当气体分布器的外形是长形时，优选的气体分布器布设方式是将气体分布器 的长的方向布设为与培养液流动方向一致。
根据本发明的补碳方法， 其中， 所述 C02为净化烟道气、 工业 C02气体、 纯净的 C02气体或混合有 C02的空气中的一种或多种或液态 C02。
用于培养微藻的培养基可以是本领域熟知的任意适合微藻生长的培养基，如 Zarrouk培养基、 SM培养基、 ASP2培养基、 BG-11培养基等， 也可以是针对某 种藻特殊需要的、 培养过程需要 C02的培养基。
本发明的水平浸没罩式补碳装置及补碳方法能够用于在开放池内大规模培 养各种微藻过程中补充 C02， 包括螺旋藻、 栅藻、 雨生红球藻、 盐藻、 小球藻、 衣藻等各种微藻。
在开放池内培养微藻过程中， 用 C02补碳时碳源利用率非常低的主要原因 是培养液层比较浅， 气液接触时间短， 二氧化碳气体来不及被吸收即溢出。本发 明的补碳装置不仅克服了上述缺点， 而且比气罩法 （李夜光， 胡鸿钧， 张良军， 陈志祥。以二氧化碳为碳源工业化生产螺旋藻工艺技术的研究。武汉植物学研究，
1996, 14(4): 349-356)吸收效率高， 比槽式补碳 (专利 CN200610018771.9)操作 方便， 比阱式补碳装置 （专利 CN200510126465.2) 降低了流体流动阻力、 节省 能耗。 本发明， 在开放池内培养微藻细胞时， 能够有效利用二氧化碳进行补碳， 大大降低了生产成本。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置示意图。 图 2 为本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置在开放池流 道内的位置示意图。
图 3为本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置使用时顺培 养液流动方向视图。
图 4为本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置使用时侧视 图。
图 5为本发明的补碳装置罩子的主体不同截面形状示意图（示罩子直接落在 开放池底、 示每个罩子下有一个或多个气体分布器、 示罩子的截面形状）。
图 6为本发明的补碳装置的不同设置方式示意图（示罩子架空、示罩子底部 敞开或封闭、 示罩子联体、 示气体分布器落地或架空）。
图 7为本发明的补碳装置的罩子采用扩口结构示意图。
图 8为本发明的补碳装置用于培养液的深度较浅时与搅拌器叶尖低于开放 池底的搅拌器配合使用示意图。
图 9为本发明的补碳装置安装于低于开放池底的位置顺培养液流动方向的 视图。
图 10为本发明的补碳装置安装于低于开放池底的位置侧视图。
图 11为本发明的补碳装置用于开放池培养微藻的总体布局示意图 （俯视 图）。
图 12为利用本发明的补碳装置自动补碳的系统示意图。 附图标记
1、 罩子 2、 气体分布器 3、 培养液进口 4、 培养液出口
5、 培养液流动方向 6、 开放池底部 7、 开放池壁 8、 微藻培养液 液面
9、 搅拌器 10、 弧形容器 11、 浅槽 12、 pH传感器 13、 控制装置 14、 C02气源 15、 执行机构 16、 流量计 17、 压力表 具体实施方式
本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置，包括 1个或 2个以 上的罩子 1和气体分布器 2 (图 1、 图 6)， 所述气体分布器 2设置于开放池底部 6， 所述罩子 1罩于气体分布器 2上方， 该罩子 1呈两端开口的筒体， 沿培养液 流动方向 5布置， 两端口分别为培养液进口 3和培养液出口 4 (图 2、 图 3 ); 其 中， 所述气体分布器 2与罩子 1的培养液出口 4距离 40厘米以上。 所述气体分 布器 2与罩子 1的培养液出口 4距离优选 60〜750厘米。罩子 1可以直接固定于 开放池底（图 5 )或架空设置于开放池底 （图 6， 略去支撑装置）， 罩子 1底部可 以敞开也可以为封闭结构 （图 6)。 罩子 1的主体可以呈半圆形筒体、 弧形筒体、 矩形筒体或梯形筒体 （图 5 )。 为了降低罩子内的流体流动阻力， 所述罩子 1的 培养液进口 3和 /或培养液出口 4可以为锥形或喇叭形的扩口结构 （图 7)。 罩子 1高度为 2〜20厘米， 以被微藻培养液液面 8浸没为准。 罩子 1的宽度可以小到 2厘米 （如罩住一根气体分布管）， 可以大到接近开放池流道的宽度 （即流道两 侧开放池壁 7的距离）（如罩住多根气体分布管或多个气体分布器）。所述 2个以 上的罩子 1可以联体加工， 形成联体结构 （图 6)。
本发明的用于开放池培养微藻的补碳方法，其特征在于，在开放池内沿流道 方向设置一组或多组水平浸没罩式补碳装置，每组包含一个或多个水平浸没罩式 补碳装置，每个水平浸没罩式补碳装置含一个顺培养液流动方向的罩子和被其罩 住的一个或多个气体分布器， 气体分布器优选设置在罩子的培养液进口 3处，总 体布局见图 11， 水平浸没罩式补碳装置的组数、 每组含水平浸没罩式补碳装置 的个数、每个罩子下的气体分布器的个数依据单个水平浸没罩式补碳装置的补碳 速率、 开放池的大小、 培养对象的生长速率及工艺要求而设定。培养液在搅拌器 (本领域常规使用的搅拌器是叶轮）的推动下在开放池内流动时， 部分培养液由 罩子的培养液进口 3流入水平浸没罩式补碳装置中，与气体分布器放出的被封在 罩子下方的含二氧化碳的气体接触，流经罩子下方的空间， 再由水平浸没罩式补 碳装置的培养液出口 4流出， 这样大大延长了气液接触时间； 另一方面， 含二氧 化碳的气体通过气体分布器后， 变成很小的气泡， 气液接触面积急剧增大， 这样 就大大提高了二氧化碳的吸收率。
培养液的流动可以依靠开放池原有的的搅拌器驱动实现， 如叶轮或搅拌臂， 搅拌器的材质可以为竹片、 塑料、 不锈钢、 其它金属材料等。
使用该水平浸没罩式补碳装置时的开放池内的培养液流速一般为 20〜50厘 米 /秒， C02流量 （折合标准状况的纯 C02) 为每米开放池宽度上 0.1〜20升 /分 钟。
所述的开放池内的培养液的深度可以是 2〜30厘米。
当采用的开放池内的培养液的深度较浅时， 可以将开放池原有的搅拌器 9 设置在弧形容器 10的上方， 搅拌器叶尖低于开放池底 （图 8 ); 可以将开放池中 拟安放补碳装置的池底区域挖出浅槽 11以安放补碳装置， 即， 将补碳装置安装 于低于开放池底的位置（图 9、 图 10)。所述的安放补碳装置的浅槽 11的底部可 以是平底、 带圆角的平底， 也可以是半圆底 （图 9) ; 材质为水泥、 塑料板、 不 锈钢板、 砖或与开放池底同样的材料等。 实施例 1
如图 11所示， 在跑道式培养池 （最常见的一种开放池， 简称跑道池） 内进 行螺旋藻培养。 跑道池流道周长 70米、 宽 3米， 搅拌器 9为由一根转轴带动的 4组钢制叶轮， 每个叶轮有 4个叶片， 相互间隔 90度角， 相邻叶轮的叶片交错 45度角， 转轴由交流电机及减速机带动， 搅拌器 9的自转半径为 50厘米。
在跑道池内沿流道方向设置一组 6个水平浸没罩式补碳装置，每个水平浸没 罩式补碳装置含一个顺培养液流动方向的罩子 1和被其罩住的一个气体分布器 2。 每个罩子由 1毫米厚的不锈钢板制成， 罩子的主体截面形状为半圆， 每个罩 子长度 400厘米， 宽 10厘米， 高 5厘米。 气体分布器 2为微孔橡胶膜曝气管， 长 50厘米， 其外径 16毫米， 内径 10毫米， 孔径约为 30〜60微米， 顺培养液流 动方向设置在罩子下方的培养液进口 0〜50厘米之间、径向位置居中。培养液被 搅拌器 9推动顺流道流动， 部分培养液进入补碳装置的培养液进口 3， 与气体分 布器 2放出的气泡接触，流经罩子 1下方的空间，流出补碳装置的培养液出口 4, 与未进入补碳装置的培养液混合后在流道内继续循环流动。 补碳采用自动控制， 自动控制方法见申请号 CN200410009360.4的专利， 实 施方案系统参见图 12。 其中， pH传感器 12为市售 pH电极， 控制装置 13为带 开关控制的 pH计， C02气源 14为来自钢瓶的纯净的二氧化碳气体， 执行机构 15是两位常闭电磁阀 （通径 8毫米）。 依据培养液的 pH值控制二氧化碳进气阀 门 （执行机构 15 ) 的开启与关闭。 C02气体的流量及压力通过流量计 16和压力 表 17监测。
藻种为钝顶螺旋藻（ Spirulina Platensis), 来自中国科学院水生生物研究所淡 水藻种库，编号 439，培养基为 Zarrouk培养基，其中碳酸氢钠的初始浓度为 0.05 mol/L。 跑道池内培养液平均深度 15厘米， 藻细胞接种密度 0.40 g (干重 )/L。 pH 的控制范围设定为 9.6〜9.7， 当培养液的 pH升高到 9.6时启动自动补碳， 每个 气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量（执行机构 15开）为 1升 /分钟 (纯二氧化碳， 标况）。 调节电机的转速使得跑道池内培养液的流速为 25厘米 /秒左右。
每天定时检测其他营养盐的浓度并及时补充，并补充少量水以弥补水的蒸发 损耗。 持续培养 6天， 藻细胞密度达到 0.70 g (干重 )/L， 单位面积藻细胞的产量 达到 13.3 g (干重 )/m2.d。 获得螺旋藻藻粉的常规成分、 氨基酸、 脂肪酸以及类胡 萝卜素的组成及含量与文献报道基本一致。经过物料衡算得出钢瓶二氧化碳的利 用率为 92%。 实施例 2.
其他同实施例 1。在开放池内培养小球藻，培养液是以 NaN03为氮源的 BG-11 培养基。 跑道池内培养液平均深度 12厘米。 藻细胞接种密度 0.5 g (干重 )/L。 pH 的控制范围设定为 7.5〜7.6。 每个气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量 （执行机构 15开） 为 0.5升 /分钟（纯二氧化碳， 标况）。 跑道池内培养液的流速为 30厘米 / 秒左右。 持续培养 6天， 钢瓶二氧化碳的利用率为 90%。 实施例 3.
其他同实施例 1。 每个罩子长度 800厘米， 宽 6厘米， 高 3厘米。 跑道池内 培养液平均深度 10厘米。 藻细胞接种密度 0.6 g (干重 )/L。 pH的控制范围设定为 9.5〜9.6。 每个气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量 （执行机构 15开） 为 1升 /分 钟 (纯二氧化碳， 标况）。 跑道池内培养液的流速为 50厘米 /秒左右。 持续培养 6 天， 钢瓶二氧化碳的利用率为 98%。 实施例 4.
其他同实施例 1。 设置一组 3个水平浸没罩式补碳装置， 每个水平浸没罩式 补碳装置含 1个顺培养液流动方向的罩子和被其罩住的 4个气体分布器。罩子的 主体截面形状为弧形， 每个罩子长度 200厘米， 宽 40厘米， 高 10厘米。 在开放 池内培养小球藻， 培养液是以 NaN03为氮源的 BG-11培养基。 跑道池内培养液 平均深度 20厘米。 藻细胞接种密度 0.3 g (干重 )/L。 pH的控制范围设定为 7.5〜 7.6。每个气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量（执行机构 15开）为 0.5升 /分钟 (纯 二氧化碳， 标况）。 跑道池内培养液的流速为 25厘米 /秒左右。 持续培养 6天， 钢瓶二氧化碳的利用率为 86%。 实施例 5.
其他同实施例 1。 在搅拌器下方挖出半径为 52厘米、 深度 10厘米的半圆弧 形槽， 使搅拌器的叶尖下降到低于跑道池底 8厘米。每个水平浸没罩式补碳装置 含 1个顺培养液流动方向的罩子和被其罩住的 2个气体分布器。罩子的主体截面 形状为弧形， 每个罩子长度 200厘米， 宽 15厘米， 高 3厘米。 每个补碳装置下 方的池底区域挖出 2厘米深的平底斜坡的浅槽，每个罩子及气体分布器直接设置 于浅槽的平底上 （图 9、 图 10)。 在开放池内培养栅藻， 培养液是以 NaN03为氮 源的 BG-11培养基。 跑道池内培养液平均深度 5厘米。 藻细胞接种密度 1.2 g (干 重 )/L。 pH的控制范围设定为 7.4〜7.5。 每个气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量 (执行机构 15开） 为 0.5升 /分钟 (纯二氧化碳， 标况）。 跑道池内培养液的流速 为 25厘米 /秒左右。 持续培养 6天， 钢瓶二氧化碳的利用率为 85%。 实施例 6.
其他同实施例 1。 在搅拌器下方挖出半径为 52厘米、 深度 10厘米的半圆弧 形槽， 使搅拌器的叶尖下降到低于跑道池底 8厘米。每个水平浸没罩式补碳装置 含 1个顺培养液流动方向的罩子和被其罩住的 2个气体分布器。罩子的主体截面 形状为弧形， 每个罩子长度 200厘米， 宽 10厘米， 高 2厘米。 每个补碳装置下 方的池底区域挖出 3厘米深的平底斜坡的浅槽， 每个罩子及气体分布器架空 1 厘米设置于浅槽的平底上 （图 9、 图 10、 图 6)。 跑道池内培养液平均深度 3厘 米。 藻细胞接种密度 2 g (干重 )/L。 pH的控制范围设定为 9.7〜9.8。 每个气体分 布器的二氧化碳气体的流量 (执行机构 15开）为 0.5升 /分钟 (纯二氧化碳，标况)。 跑道池内培养液的流速为 25厘米 /秒左右。 持续培养 6天， 钢瓶二氧化碳的利用 率为 88%。 实施例 7.
其他同实施例 1。 罩子的主体截面形状为梯形， 每个罩子长度 100厘米，宽 15厘米， 高 15厘米。 气体分布器是直径 65mm的可变孔曝气软管， 长 40厘米， 顺培养液流动方向设置在罩子下方的培养液进口 0〜40厘米之间。跑道池内培养 液平均深度 25厘米。藻细胞接种密度 0.24 g (干重 )/L。pH的控制范围设定为 9.8〜 9.9。 每个气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量 （执行机构 15开） 为 1升 /分钟 (纯 二氧化碳， 标况）。 跑道池内培养液的流速为 20厘米 /秒左右。 持续培养 6天， 钢瓶二氧化碳的利用率为 79%。 实施例 8.
其他同实施例 1。每个水平浸没罩式补碳装置含 1个顺培养液流动方向的罩子 和被其罩住的 2个气体分布器。 罩子的主体截面形状为矩形， 每个罩子长度 50厘 米， 宽 20厘米， 高 20厘米。 气体分布器是直径 30毫米的砂芯， 高 70毫米， 垂直于 培养液流动方向并排设置在罩子下方的培养液进口 5〜10厘米之间。 跑道池内培 养液平均深度 30厘米。藻细胞接种密度 0.2 g (干重 )/L。 pH的控制范围设定为 9.9〜 10.0。 每个气体分布器的二氧化碳气体的流量 （执行机构 15开） 为 0.5升 /分钟 (纯 二氧化碳， 标况）。 跑道池内培养液的流速为 15厘米 /秒左右。 持续培养 6天， 钢 瓶二氧化碳的利用率为 75%。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种用于开放池培养微藻的水平浸没罩式补碳装置， 包括 1个或 2个以 上的罩子 （1 )和气体分布器 （2)， 其特征在于， 所述气体分布器 （2)设置于开 放池底部， 所述罩子 （1 ) 罩于气体分布器 （2) 上方， 该罩子 （1 ) 呈两端开口 的筒体， 沿培养液流动方向布置， 罩子 （1 ) 的两端口分别为培养液进口 （3 )和 培养液出口 （4); 其中， 所述气体分布器 （2) 与罩子 （1 ) 的培养液出口 （4) 距离 40厘米以上。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置， 其特征在于， 所述气体分布器 （2)与 罩子 （1 ) 的培养液出口 （4) 距离 60〜750厘米。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置， 其特征在于， 所述罩子（1 )直接固定 于开放池底或架空设置于开放池底。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置， 其特征在于， 所述罩子（1 ) 的底部为 封闭结构。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置， 其特征在于， 所述罩子（1 ) 的主体呈 半圆形筒体、 弧形筒体、 矩形筒体或梯形筒体。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置， 其特征在于， 所述罩子（1 ) 的两端口 为锥形或喇叭形的扩口结构。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置，其特征在于，所述罩子（1 )高度为 2〜 20厘米。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置， 其特征在于， 所述罩子（1 ) 宽度大于 等于 2厘米。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的补碳装置，其特征在于，所述 2个以上的罩子（1) 形成联体结构。
10、 一种基于权利要求 1的用于开放池培养微藻的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 将水平浸没罩式补碳装置沿开放池流道方向设置于开放池底部，使培养液浸没过 罩子顶端， 培养液在开放池原有的搅拌器（9) 的推动下从罩子（1 ) 的培养液进 口 （3 ) 流入， 在补碳装置内与气体分布器放出的 C02接触后从培养液出口 （4) 流出；
所述开放池内的培养液流速为 20〜50厘米 /秒；
所述水平浸没罩式补碳装置内的 C02流量，折合标准状况的纯 C02，为每米 开放池宽度 0.1〜20 升 /分钟。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述开放池内培养液 深度为 2〜30厘米。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述搅拌器叶尖低于 开放池底。
13、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述水平浸没罩式补 碳装置设置于开放池底部的浅槽内。
14、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述浅槽底部为平底 或带圆角的平底或半圆底。
15、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述 C02为净化烟道 气、 工业 C02气体、 纯净的 C02气体或混合有 C02的空气中的一种或多种或液 态 C02。
16、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述培养微藻的培养 基为 Zarrouk培养基、 SM培养基、 ASP2培养基或 BG-11培养基。
17、 根据权利要求 10所述的补碳方法， 其特征在于， 所述微藻为螺旋藻、栅 藻、 雨生红球藻、 盐藻、 小球藻或衣藻。
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