WO2013164192A1 - Method for running one or more changeable electrical loads and power supply system for supplying one or more changeable electrical loads - Google Patents

Method for running one or more changeable electrical loads and power supply system for supplying one or more changeable electrical loads Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013164192A1
WO2013164192A1 PCT/EP2013/058001 EP2013058001W WO2013164192A1 WO 2013164192 A1 WO2013164192 A1 WO 2013164192A1 EP 2013058001 W EP2013058001 W EP 2013058001W WO 2013164192 A1 WO2013164192 A1 WO 2013164192A1
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Prior art keywords
energy source
electrical
load
energy
excavator
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PCT/EP2013/058001
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Holweck
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2013164192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013164192A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2066—Control of propulsion units of the type combustion engines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/207—Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2091—Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2095—Control of electric, electro-mechanical or mechanical equipment not otherwise provided for, e.g. ventilators, electro-driven fans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/412—Excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
    • B60Y2400/112—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
    • B60Y2400/114—Super-capacities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H02J1/16—Balancing the load in a network using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating one or more variable electrical loads and a power supply system for supplying one or more variable electrical loads with energy.
  • An electrical load such as an electrically operated drive of an excavator, is supplied, for example, with energy by an energy supply network as an energy source.
  • Last has very short work cycles, within which the load and thus its energy requirements change very quickly. In other words, this is a very dynamic system.
  • a diesel generator system can serve as an energy source in such locations.
  • such a diesel generator system is relatively sluggish and therefore can not always meet the high demands on the dynamics.
  • can be absorbed by a diesel generator system hardly electrical energy, for example, in
  • DE 11 2007 000 491 T5 discloses a drive system and a mobile vehicle having such a drive system that has a drive source, a first rotor driven therefrom, a second rotor rotatably decoupled from the drive source, and a common stator.
  • the second rotor is configured to interact with the stator and to store or release power by rotation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for operating a variable electrical load and a power supply system for supplying a variable electrical load, which can be reacted quickly to power changes.
  • variable electrical load is supplied with electrical energy from a main electrical energy source and, to increase the dynamics of the electrical load of the electrical load, it is operated with an auxiliary energy source when the rate of change of the load exceeds a threshold.
  • the threshold value here is an unsigned value that indicates a power change per unit of time. In this case, the threshold value can be exceeded both when there is a positive as well as a negative rate of change, if the magnitude of this measured rate of change exceeds the threshold value
  • Threshold exceeds.
  • the sign of the threshold is of interest when defining the charging or discharging process for the supplemental power source.
  • the rate of change of the load refers to the change of load in a given time interval and thus corresponds to the speed at which the load and thus the energy requested by the main energy source changes.
  • the rate of change is thus a measure of the dynamics of the energy demand of the electrical load. With a high rate of change of the load, their energy requirement also changes by a large amount in a short period of time.
  • it has proved useful to measure the mains current and the mains voltage of the main energy source and to calculate the current power from this. By plotting the calculated power per time unit, the rate of change is determined. Alternatively, the current ones Performance values per load are measured, if necessary offset against each other and the calculated value per time unit is plotted.
  • the load In an operating stage of the electrical load, if the rate of change falls below the threshold value, ie if no high demand is placed on the dynamics of the energy supply, the load is fundamentally supplied with energy by the main energy source, which is preferably formed by a diesel generator system.
  • the main energy source By using the additional energy source, which is then used to operate the load when the rate of change of the load exceeds a threshold value, ie the energy demand is very high, the main energy source is relieved in this case. In such a case, therefore, part of the required energy is provided by the main energy source and another part by the additional energy source.
  • the required energy can be removed exclusively from the additional energy storage until the main energy source is ready to provide the required energy.
  • the main energy source can thus be made relatively sluggish.
  • the dynamic load of the main electric power source is limited, in which at high rates of change of the load and thus the required energy is taken from the additional energy source.
  • the electrical energy generated by a negative load can be used, for example, in an electric motor operating in generator operation, since it can be stored in the additional energy source.
  • the load is supplied with energy of the additional energy source when the rate of change of the load is greater than a predetermined positive threshold. This means that if the rate of change of the load is greater than the positive threshold and thus the power demand of the electrical load also increases rapidly, the main power source is loaded more slowly than required for the required power, while the now lacking power is out of range Additional energy source is provided.
  • the load to the additional energy source emits energy when the rate of change of the load is less than a predetermined negative threshold.
  • the object is achieved by methods for operating a plurality of variable electrical loads, which are supplied by a main electrical energy source with electrical energy, in which the loads are operated to increase the dynamics of the energy supply with an additional energy source, if a sum of rates of change of the loads exceeds a threshold.
  • At least one of the loads to the additional energy source also emits electrical energy when the sum the rate of change of the loads is less than a predetermined negative threshold.
  • the threshold is in the range of> 15% of the rated power of the main power source per second, in particular in the range of 20% to 30% of the rated power of the main power source per second.
  • a diesel generator system When a diesel generator system is used as the main electrical power source, it does not need to be dimensioned to meet the high dynamic demands of the variable load. Thus, the diesel generator system can be used more efficiently.
  • a power grid can serve as the main electrical power source. The risk of network breakdown at high power peaks is minimized by the inventive solution.
  • a preferably capacitor storage in particular an ultracapacitor can be used, since this can meet very high demands on the dynamics of the energy delivery or -aufnähme.
  • a flywheel mass system is used as additional energy source.
  • each electrical load is formed by at least one electric motor.
  • Such a power supply system for supplying a variable load comprises an electric load supplying the electrical energy
  • a power supply system having the features of claim 14.
  • Such a power supply system for supplying a plurality of variable electrical loads comprises a main electric power source supplying the electrical load, an auxiliary power source, and a controller for controlling the method one of claims 4 to 6 and 7 to 12.
  • an excavator with a power supply system has been proven, the excavator a locomotion system for locomotion of the excavator, a rotary system for performing a rotational movement of at least parts of the excavator, a lifting system for performing a lifting movement of at least parts of the excavator, and a feed system for moving a Receiving system of the excavator, wherein the rotary system, the lifting system and the feed system each form an electrical load and comprise at least one electric motor.
  • the locomotion system also forms at least one further electrical load and comprises an electric motor.
  • the excavator is preferably a bucket wheel excavator, a scraper, a bucket rope excavator or a bucket excavator.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram in which the energy requirement of the variable electrical load and its energy supply by the main energy source and the additional energy source is plotted over time
  • FIG. 3 shows a further inventive energy supply system with several variable electrical loads.
  • variable electrical load 2 which is formed in this case by an electric motor located in an excavator.
  • the electrical load 2 is connected via a supply line 4 to a main electrical energy source 6, in this case a diesel generator system.
  • Both the electrical load 2, and the main power source 6 are operated and not connected via converters, not shown.
  • a main energy source 6 but also all other conceivable electrical energy sources, in particular serve a power grid.
  • an additional energy source 10 is connected in parallel via a further supply line 8, which is formed for example by an ultracapacitor or a flywheel system.
  • the additional energy source 10 is operated via a power converter.
  • the power supply through the main power source 6 via the supply line 4 ensured. If, however, the rate of change of the load 2 exceeds a threshold value, that is to say the load is increased and thus the energy requirement of the load increases, a part of the additionally required energy is first provided by means of the additional energy source 10 and thus the load 2 both with energy the main energy source 6 as well as energy of the auxiliary energy source 10 operated. In order for the additional energy source 10 to be able to supply the electrical load with energy, it must first be charged with energy at least in part. This happens before the operation of the electrical load 2, for example by the main energy source. 6
  • control device 12 which communicates with the electrical load and the additional energy source 10.
  • the main energy source 6 does not have to satisfy such high demands on a corresponding dynamic.
  • the main energy source 6 can therefore be dimensioned much smaller. The same applies to a corresponding drop in the load and the associated lower energy requirement of the electrical load 2. Excess energy of the main energy source 6 can then be cached via the supply lines 4.8 in the additional energy source. This also applies to the case where the electrical load 2 becomes negative. Even then, energy can be temporarily stored in the additional energy source 10.
  • FIG 2 a diagram is shown in which the energy demand of the variable electric load 2 such as a drive system of an excavator is plotted on the basis of curve 14.
  • the energy output of the additional energy source 10 and in curve 18 is the corresponding energy output the main power source 6 such as the diesel generator system shown.
  • Threshold exceeds. Such behavior occurs, for example, when starting the electric motor used as the electric load 2 of the excavator. In this case, energy is then provided from the additional energy source 10 for supplying the electrical load 2 between the times t 0 and t 1 . It can be seen from the curves 16, 18 that the required energy initially originates exclusively from the additional energy source 10 in this time interval. At the same time, the energy supply from the main energy source 6 is being increased more and more, but due to the inertia of the diesel generator system, this happens to a much lesser extent than would be necessary to supply the electrical load. Only at the time ti does the energy supplied by the main energy source 6 then correspond to the actual energy requirement of the electrical load 2
  • Additional energy source 10 is therefore no longer necessary. Thus, therefore, the energy supply of the load is ensured as long as with the aid of the additional energy source 10 until the main energy source 6 is capable of the sole power supply.
  • the electric load varies only so small that the changing rate of the predetermined threshold value do not exceed - tet, which means that the energy supply of the electric load is accomplished solely by the main power source 6.
  • the load drop is so great that the main energy source 6 provides more energy than is needed for the operation of the electrical load 2.
  • the energy difference is taken in this case by the additional energy source 10 and stored.
  • the electrical load 2 is negative, which occurs for example when braking the excavator.
  • the braking energy generated in this case is then also stored in the additional energy source 10.
  • the use of the additional energy source 10 thus serves to dynamically relieve the main energy source 10. As a result, overdimensioning due to dynamic problems is no longer necessary and the main energy source 6 can be used more efficiently. Also, at the same time the braking energy occurring can be used again because it is cached in the additional energy source 10.
  • 3 shows a plurality of variable electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" “, 2" “” which in this case are formed by electric motors located in an excavator.
  • the electrical loads 2, 2 “, 2” “, 2” “” are each connected via a supply line 4 to a main electrical energy source 6, in this case a diesel generator system. Both the electrical loads 2, 2 “, 2” “, 2” “” and the main energy source 6 are operated and connected via converters, not shown.
  • main energy source 6 but also all other conceivable electrical energy sources, in particular a power grid can serve.
  • an additional energy source 10 is connected in parallel via a further supply line 8, which is formed for example by an ultracapacitor or a flywheel system.
  • the additional energy source 10 is also operated via a power converter.
  • a control device 12 is used to detect the measured power values and their summation and comparison against the threshold value, wherein the energy supply to the additional energy source 10 or the energy supply from this stored energy to the loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" “” is controlled ,
  • the main energy source 6 does not have to have such high demands on a corresponding dynamic suffice.
  • the main energy source 6 can therefore be dimensioned much smaller. The same applies to a corresponding drop in the total load and the associated lower energy requirement of the electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" “, 2” "”. Excess energy of the main energy source 6 can then be temporarily stored in the additional energy source 10 via the supply lines 4, 8. This also applies to the case that the electrical load is negative in total. Even then, energy can be temporarily stored in the additional energy source 10.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for running a changeable electrical load (2), which is supplied with electrical power by an electrical main power source (6), wherein the load (2) is run with an additional power source (10) in order to increase the dynamics of the power supply, when the rate of change of the load (2) exceeds a threshold value. In addition, the invention relates to a power supply system for supplying a changeable electrical load (2) with electrical power, having an electrical main power source (6) supplying the electrical load with electrical power, an additional power source (10), and a control device (12) for controlling the method.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer oder mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten und Energieversorgungssystem zur Versor- gung einer oder mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten Method for operating one or more variable electrical loads and power supply system for supplying one or more variable electrical loads
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer oder mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten und ein Energieversorgungssystem zur Versorgung einer oder mehrerer verän- derlicher elektrischer Lasten mit Energie. The invention relates to a method for operating one or more variable electrical loads and a power supply system for supplying one or more variable electrical loads with energy.
Eine elektrische Last wie beispielsweise ein elektrisch betriebener Antrieb eines Baggers wird beispielsweise durch ein Energieversorgungsnetz als Energiequelle mit Energie ver- sorgt. Die in einem solchen Bagger befindliche elektrischeAn electrical load, such as an electrically operated drive of an excavator, is supplied, for example, with energy by an energy supply network as an energy source. The located in such an excavator electrical
Last weist sehr kurze Arbeitszyklen auf, innerhalb derer sich die Last und somit deren Energiebedarf sehr schnell ändert. Mit anderen Worten handelt es sich hierbei somit um ein sehr dynamisches System. Nicht überall, wo eine derartige verän- derliche elektrische Last betrieben werden muss, steht jedoch der Anschluss an ein elektrisches Versorgungsnetz zur Verfügung, welches meistens die Anforderungen an eine hohe Dynamik erfüllt. Als Energiequelle an solchen Orten kann dann beispielsweise ein Dieselgeneratorsystem dienen. Ein derartiges Dieselgeneratorsystem ist jedoch relativ träge und kann daher den hohen Anforderungen an die Dynamik nicht immer genügen. Außerdem kann durch ein Dieselgeneratorsystem kaum elektrische Energie aufgenommen werden, die beispielsweise bei Last has very short work cycles, within which the load and thus its energy requirements change very quickly. In other words, this is a very dynamic system. However, it is not everywhere that such a variable electrical load has to be operated that the connection to an electrical supply network is available, which usually meets the requirements for high dynamics. For example, a diesel generator system can serve as an energy source in such locations. However, such a diesel generator system is relatively sluggish and therefore can not always meet the high demands on the dynamics. In addition, can be absorbed by a diesel generator system hardly electrical energy, for example, in
Bremsvorgängen des im Bagger befindlichen Antriebs generiert wird. Braking operations of the drive located in the excavator is generated.
Die DE 11 2007 000 491 T5 offenbart ein Antriebssystem und ein mobiles Fahrzeug mit einem solchen Antriebssystem, das eine Antriebsquelle, einen davon angetriebenen ersten Rotor, einen zweiten Rotor, der drehbar von der Antriebsquelle entkoppelt ist und einen gemeinsamen Stator aufweist. Der zweite Rotor ist konfiguriert, um mit dem Stator zusammenzuwirken und durch Drehung Leistung zu speichern oder freizugeben. Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer veränderlichen elektrischen Last und ein Energieversorgungssystem zur Versorgung einer veränderlichen elektrischen Last bereit zu stellen, mit dem schnell auf Leistungswechsel reagiert werden kann. DE 11 2007 000 491 T5 discloses a drive system and a mobile vehicle having such a drive system that has a drive source, a first rotor driven therefrom, a second rotor rotatably decoupled from the drive source, and a common stator. The second rotor is configured to interact with the stator and to store or release power by rotation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for operating a variable electrical load and a power supply system for supplying a variable electrical load, which can be reacted quickly to power changes.
Hinsichtlich des Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer veränderlichen elektrischen Last mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1. With regard to the method, the object is achieved by a method for operating a variable electrical load having the features of patent claim 1.
Demnach wird die veränderliche elektrische Last von einer elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle mit elektrischer Energie versorgt und zur Erhöhung der Dynamik der Energieversorgung der elektrischen Last diese mit einer Zusatzenergiequelle betrie- ben, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last einen Schwellwert überschreitet. Der Schwellwert ist hierbei ein vorzeichenloser Wert, der eine Leistungsänderung pro Zeiteinheit angibt. Dabei kann der Schwellwert sowohl bei einem Vorliegen einer positiven wie auch negativen Änderungsrate überschritten wer- den, wenn der Betrag dieser gemessenen Änderungsrate denThus, the variable electrical load is supplied with electrical energy from a main electrical energy source and, to increase the dynamics of the electrical load of the electrical load, it is operated with an auxiliary energy source when the rate of change of the load exceeds a threshold. The threshold value here is an unsigned value that indicates a power change per unit of time. In this case, the threshold value can be exceeded both when there is a positive as well as a negative rate of change, if the magnitude of this measured rate of change exceeds the threshold value
Schwellwert überschreitet. Allerdings ist das Vorzeichen des Schwellwerts dann von Interesse, wenn es darum geht, den Lade- oder Entladevorgang für die Zusatzenergiequelle zu definieren . Threshold exceeds. However, the sign of the threshold is of interest when defining the charging or discharging process for the supplemental power source.
Die Änderungsrate der Last bezeichnet die Änderung der Last in einem bestimmten Zeitintervall und entspricht somit der Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Last und damit die von der Hauptenergiequelle angeforderte Energie ändert. Die Ände- rungsrate ist somit ein Maß für die Dynamik des Energiebedarfs der elektrischen Last. Bei einer hohen Änderungsrate der Last ändert sich somit auch deren Energiebedarf in einem kurzen Zeitraum um einen hohen Betrag. Zur Bestimmung der Änderungsrate der Last hat es sich bewährt, eine Messung des Netzstroms und der Netzspannung der Hauptenergiequelle vorzunehmen und daraus die aktuelle Leistung zu errechnen. Durch Auftragen der errechneten Leistung pro Zeiteinheit wird die Änderungsrate ermittelt. Alternativ können die aktuellen Leistungswerte pro Last gemessen, ggf. miteinander verrechnet und der errechnete Wert pro Zeiteinheit aufgetragen werden. The rate of change of the load refers to the change of load in a given time interval and thus corresponds to the speed at which the load and thus the energy requested by the main energy source changes. The rate of change is thus a measure of the dynamics of the energy demand of the electrical load. With a high rate of change of the load, their energy requirement also changes by a large amount in a short period of time. In order to determine the rate of change of the load, it has proved useful to measure the mains current and the mains voltage of the main energy source and to calculate the current power from this. By plotting the calculated power per time unit, the rate of change is determined. Alternatively, the current ones Performance values per load are measured, if necessary offset against each other and the calculated value per time unit is plotted.
In einem Betriebsstadium der elektrischen Last, wenn die Än- derungsrate den Schwellwert unterschreitet, also keine hohe Anforderung an die Dynamik der Energieversorgung gestellt wird, wird die Last grundsätzlich durch die Hauptenergiequelle, welche vorzugsweise durch ein Dieselgeneratorsystem gebildet wird, mit Energie versorgt. Durch den Einsatz der Zu- Satzenergiequelle, die dann zum Betreiben der Last eingesetzt wird, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last einen Schwellwert überschreitet, also die Dynamik des Energiebedarfs sehr hoch ist, wird die Hauptenergiequelle in diesem Fall entlastet. In einem derartigen Fall wird also ein Teil der benötigten Energie durch die Hauptenergiequelle und ein weiterer Teil durch die Zusatzenergiequelle bereitgestellt. Im Fall einer hohen Änderungsrate beispielsweise beim Anlaufen eines vorzugsweise als elektrische Last verwendeten Elektromotors, kann aber auch zunächst die benötigte Energie ausschließlich aus dem Zusatz- energiespeicher entnommen werden, bis die Hauptenergiequelle bereit ist, die erforderliche Energie zu liefern. Die Hauptenergiequelle kann somit relativ träge ausgestaltet sein. Somit wird die dynamische Belastung der elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle begrenzt, in dem bei hohen Änderungsraten der Last und somit der benötigten Energie diese aus der Zusatzenergiequelle entnommen wird. In an operating stage of the electrical load, if the rate of change falls below the threshold value, ie if no high demand is placed on the dynamics of the energy supply, the load is fundamentally supplied with energy by the main energy source, which is preferably formed by a diesel generator system. By using the additional energy source, which is then used to operate the load when the rate of change of the load exceeds a threshold value, ie the energy demand is very high, the main energy source is relieved in this case. In such a case, therefore, part of the required energy is provided by the main energy source and another part by the additional energy source. In the case of a high rate of change, for example, when starting an electric motor preferably used as an electrical load, but also initially the required energy can be removed exclusively from the additional energy storage until the main energy source is ready to provide the required energy. The main energy source can thus be made relatively sluggish. Thus, the dynamic load of the main electric power source is limited, in which at high rates of change of the load and thus the required energy is taken from the additional energy source.
Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die elektrische Hauptenergiequelle von ihrer Dynamik her so dimensioniert werden kann, dass sie relativ einfachen Anforderungen entspricht. Durch den zusätzlichen Einsatz der Zusatzenergiequelle wird dann die benötigte Dynamik des Energieversorgungssystems erzielt. This ensures that the main electrical energy source can be dynamically dimensioned so that it corresponds to relatively simple requirements. The additional use of the additional energy source then the required dynamics of the power supply system is achieved.
Des Weiteren kann die durch eine negative Last generierte elektrische Energie, beispielsweise bei einem im Generatorbetrieb arbeitenden Elektromotor genutzt werden, da sie in der Zusatzenergiequelle gespeichert werden kann. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Last mit Energie der Zusatzenergiequelle versorgt, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last größer als ein vorgegebener positiver Schwellwert ist. Dies bedeutet, dass wenn die Änderungsrate der Last größer als der positive Schwellwert ist und somit der Leistungs- bzw. Energiebedarf der elektrischen Last ebenfalls schnell ansteigt, die Hauptenergiequelle langsamer stärker belastet wird als für die geforderte Leistung notwendig, während die nun fehlende Leistung aus der Zusatzenergie- quelle bereitgestellt wird. Furthermore, the electrical energy generated by a negative load can be used, for example, in an electric motor operating in generator operation, since it can be stored in the additional energy source. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the load is supplied with energy of the additional energy source when the rate of change of the load is greater than a predetermined positive threshold. This means that if the rate of change of the load is greater than the positive threshold and thus the power demand of the electrical load also increases rapidly, the main power source is loaded more slowly than required for the required power, while the now lacking power is out of range Additional energy source is provided.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung gibt die Last an die Zusatzenergiequelle Energie ab, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last kleiner als ein vorgegebener negativer Schwellwert ist. Somit wird bei einem raschen Abfall des Energiebedarfs der Last Energie in den Zusatzspeicher gespeist, um die Hauptenergiequelle langsam zu entlasten. Die dabei gespeicherte Energie kann anschließend wieder genutzt werden, um die Last bei einem erneuten Anstieg der Änderungs- rate wieder mit Energie zu versorgen. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the load to the additional energy source emits energy when the rate of change of the load is less than a predetermined negative threshold. Thus, with a rapid decrease in the energy demand of the load, energy is fed into the auxiliary storage to slowly relieve the main energy source. The stored energy can then be used again to re-energize the load when the rate of change increases again.
Weiterhin wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch Verfahren zum Betreiben mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten, welche von einer elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle mit elektrischer Ener- gie versorgt werden, bei dem die Lasten zur Erhöhung der Dynamik der Energieversorgung mit einer Zusatzenergiequelle betrieben werden, wenn eine Summe von Änderungsraten der Lasten einen Schwellwert überschreitet. Die obigen Ausführungen zum Betreiben einer Last gelten analog. Furthermore, the object is achieved by methods for operating a plurality of variable electrical loads, which are supplied by a main electrical energy source with electrical energy, in which the loads are operated to increase the dynamics of the energy supply with an additional energy source, if a sum of rates of change of the loads exceeds a threshold. The above statements on operating a load apply analogously.
Es hat sich auch hier bewährt, wenn mindestens eine der Lasten mit elektrischer Energie der Zusatzenergiequelle versorgt wird, wenn die Summe der Änderungsraten der Lasten größer als ein vorgegebener positiver Schwellwert ist. It has also proven useful here if at least one of the loads is supplied with electrical energy of the additional energy source, if the sum of the rates of change of the loads is greater than a predetermined positive threshold value.
Insbesondere gibt auch hier mindestens eine der Lasten an die Zusatzenergiequelle elektrische Energie ab, wenn die Summe der Änderungsraten der Lasten kleiner als ein vorgegebener negativer Schwellwert ist. In particular, at least one of the loads to the additional energy source also emits electrical energy when the sum the rate of change of the loads is less than a predetermined negative threshold.
Insbesondere liegt der Schwellwert im Bereich von > 15% der Nennleistung der Hauptenergiequelle pro Sekunde, insbesondere im Bereich von 20% bis 30% der Nennleistung der Hauptenergiequelle pro Sekunde. In particular, the threshold is in the range of> 15% of the rated power of the main power source per second, in particular in the range of 20% to 30% of the rated power of the main power source per second.
Wenn als elektrische Hauptenergiequelle ein Dieselgenerator- System verwendet wird, muss dieses nicht mehr so dimensioniert werden, dass es die hohen dynamischen Anforderungen der veränderlichen Last bedienen kann. Somit kann das Dieselgeneratorsystem effizienter eingesetzt werden. Alternativ kann ein Energieversorgungsnetz als elektrische Hauptenergiequelle dienen. Die Gefahr eines Netzzusammenbruchs bei hohen Leistungsspitzen wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung minimiert . Als Zusatzenergiequelle kann ein vorzugsweise Kondensatorspeicher, insbesondere ein Ultrakondensator verwendet werden, da dieser sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Dynamik des Energieabgabe bzw. -aufnähme erfüllen kann. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung wird als Zusatzenergiequelle ein Schwungmassensystem verwendet. When a diesel generator system is used as the main electrical power source, it does not need to be dimensioned to meet the high dynamic demands of the variable load. Thus, the diesel generator system can be used more efficiently. Alternatively, a power grid can serve as the main electrical power source. The risk of network breakdown at high power peaks is minimized by the inventive solution. As an additional energy source, a preferably capacitor storage, in particular an ultracapacitor can be used, since this can meet very high demands on the dynamics of the energy delivery or -aufnähme. In a further preferred embodiment, a flywheel mass system is used as additional energy source.
Insbesondere ist jede elektrische Last durch mindestens einen Elektromotor gebildet. In particular, each electrical load is formed by at least one electric motor.
Hinsichtlich des Energieversorgungssystems wird die Aufgabe gelöst mit einem Energieversorgungssystem mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 13. Ein derartiges Energieversorgungssystem zur Versorgung einer veränderlichen Last umfasst eine die elektrische Last mit Energie versorgende elektrischeWith regard to the power supply system, the object is achieved with a power supply system having the features of claim 13. Such a power supply system for supplying a variable load comprises an electric load supplying the electrical energy
Hauptenergiequelle, eine Zusatzenergiequelle und eine Steuereinrichtung zur Steuerung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder 7 bis 12. Hinsichtlich des Energieversorgungssystems wird die Aufgabe weiterhin gelöst mit einem Energieversorgungssystem mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 14. Ein derartiges Energiever- sorgungssystem zur Versorgung mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten umfasst eine die elektrische Last mit Energie versorgende elektrische Hauptenergiequelle, eine Zusatzenergiequelle und eine Steuereinrichtung zur Steuerung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6 und 7 bis 12. Main power source, an additional energy source and a control device for controlling the method according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 7 to 12. With regard to the power supply system, the object is further achieved with a power supply system having the features of claim 14. Such a power supply system for supplying a plurality of variable electrical loads comprises a main electric power source supplying the electrical load, an auxiliary power source, and a controller for controlling the method one of claims 4 to 6 and 7 to 12.
Ein Bagger mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Energieversorgungssystem hat sich bewährt, wobei der Bagger ein Fortbewegungssystem zur Fortbewegung des Baggers, ein Drehsystem zur Ausführung einer Drehbewegung von zumindest Teilen des Baggers, ein Hubsystem zum Ausführen einer Hubbewegung von zumindest Teilen des Baggers, und ein Vorschubsystem zum Bewegen eines Aufnahmesystems des Baggers aufweist, wobei das Drehsystem, das Hubsystem und das Vorschubsystem jeweils eine elektrische Last bilden und mindestens einen Elektromotor umfassen. Ein derartiger Bagger lässt sich nun kostengünstig mit einer elektrischen Hautenergiequelle betreiben, die bei hohen Änderungsraten der Lasten ein unzureichendes dynamisches Ansprechverhalten aufweist. Insbesondere bildet weiterhin auch das Fortbewegungssystem mindestens eine weitere elektrische Last umd umfasst einen Elektromotor . An excavator with a power supply system according to the invention has been proven, the excavator a locomotion system for locomotion of the excavator, a rotary system for performing a rotational movement of at least parts of the excavator, a lifting system for performing a lifting movement of at least parts of the excavator, and a feed system for moving a Receiving system of the excavator, wherein the rotary system, the lifting system and the feed system each form an electrical load and comprise at least one electric motor. Such an excavator can now be operated cost-effectively with a high-power electrical energy source, which has insufficient dynamic response at high rates of change of the loads. In particular, furthermore, the locomotion system also forms at least one further electrical load and comprises an electric motor.
Der Bagger ist dabei bevorzugt ein Schaufelradbagger, ein Schürfkübelbagger, ein Eimerseilbagger oder ein Eimerkettenbagger . The excavator is preferably a bucket wheel excavator, a scraper, a bucket rope excavator or a bucket excavator.
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen des jeweiligen Energieversorgungssystems sind in den Ansprüchen 15 bis 20 enthalten. Deren Vorteile wurden bereits in Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erläutert . Die oben beschriebenen Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Vorteile dieser Erfindung sowie die Art und Weise, wie diese erreicht werden, werden klarer und deutlicher verständlich im Zusammenhang mit der folgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsbei - spiele, die im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Preferred embodiments of the respective power supply system are contained in claims 15 to 20. Their advantages have already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention. The above-described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments, which will be described in more detail in conjunction with the drawings.
Für eine weitere Beschreibung der Erfindung wird auf die Ausführungsbeispiele der Zeichnungen verwiesen. Es zeigen je- weils in einer schematischen Prinzipskizze: For a further description of the invention reference is made to the embodiments of the drawings. Each of them shows in a schematic outline sketch:
FIG 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Energieversorgungssystem mit einer veränderlichen elektrischen Last, 1 shows an inventive energy supply system with a variable electrical load,
FIG 2 ein Diagramm, bei dem der Energiebedarf der veränderli- chen elektrischen Last sowie deren Energieversorgung durch die Hauptenergiequelle und der Zusatzenergiequelle im zeitlichen Verlauf aufgetragen ist, und 2 shows a diagram in which the energy requirement of the variable electrical load and its energy supply by the main energy source and the additional energy source is plotted over time, and
FIG 3 ein weiteres erfindungsgemäßes Energieversorgungssystem mit mehreren veränderlichen elektrischen Lasten. 3 shows a further inventive energy supply system with several variable electrical loads.
FIG 1 zeigt eine veränderliche elektrische Last 2, die in diesem Fall durch einen in einem Bagger befindlichen Elektromotor gebildet wird. Die elektrische Last 2 ist über eine Versorgungsleitung 4 mit einer elektrischen Hauptenergiequel - le 6, in diesem Fall ein Dieselgeneratorsystem, verbunden.1 shows a variable electrical load 2, which is formed in this case by an electric motor located in an excavator. The electrical load 2 is connected via a supply line 4 to a main electrical energy source 6, in this case a diesel generator system.
Sowohl die elektrische Last 2, als auch die Hauptenergiequelle 6 werden über nicht dargestellte Stromrichter betrieben und zusammengeschaltet. Als Hauptenergiequelle 6 können aber auch alle weiteren denkbaren elektrischen Energiequellen, insbesondere ein Energieversorgungsnetz dienen. Zu der Haupt- energiequelle 6 ist über eine weitere Versorgungsleitung 8 eine Zusatzenergiequelle 10 parallel geschaltet, die beispielsweise durch einen Ultrakondensator oder ein Schwungmassensystem gebildet wird. Auch die Zusatzenergiequelle 10 wird über einen Stromrichter betrieben. Both the electrical load 2, and the main power source 6 are operated and not connected via converters, not shown. As a main energy source 6 but also all other conceivable electrical energy sources, in particular serve a power grid. To the main energy source 6, an additional energy source 10 is connected in parallel via a further supply line 8, which is formed for example by an ultracapacitor or a flywheel system. The additional energy source 10 is operated via a power converter.
Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird während eines konstanten Betriebes der elektrischen Last 2, also in Zeitinter- vallen, in denen die Last 2 nicht verändert wird, die Energieversorgung durch die Hauptenergiequelle 6 über die Versorgungsleitung 4 sichergestellt. Wenn jedoch die Änderungsrate der Last 2 einen Schwellwert überschreitet, also beispiels- weise die Last vergrößert wird und somit der Energiebedarf sich der Last vergrößert, so wird ein Teil der zusätzlich benötigten Energie zunächst mittels der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 bereitgestellt und somit die Last 2 sowohl mit Energie der Hauptenergiequelle 6 als auch mit Energie der Zusatzenergie- quelle 10 betrieben. Damit die Zusatzenergiequelle 10 die elektrische Last mit Energie versorgen kann, muss diese zuvor zumindest zu einem Teil mit Energie geladen sein. Dies geschieht vor dem Betrieb der elektrischen Last 2 beispielsweise durch die Hauptenergiequelle 6. According to the method according to the invention, during a constant operation of the electrical load 2, that is to say in time intervals. vallen, in which the load 2 is not changed, the power supply through the main power source 6 via the supply line 4 ensured. If, however, the rate of change of the load 2 exceeds a threshold value, that is to say the load is increased and thus the energy requirement of the load increases, a part of the additionally required energy is first provided by means of the additional energy source 10 and thus the load 2 both with energy the main energy source 6 as well as energy of the auxiliary energy source 10 operated. In order for the additional energy source 10 to be able to supply the electrical load with energy, it must first be charged with energy at least in part. This happens before the operation of the electrical load 2, for example by the main energy source. 6
Zur Steuerung dieses Verfahrens dient eine Steuereinrichtung 12, die mit der elektrischen Last und der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 kommuniziert. To control this method is a control device 12, which communicates with the electrical load and the additional energy source 10.
Dadurch, dass bei einer hohen Änderungsrate der Last 2 ein Teil der zusätzlich benötigten Energie aus der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 entnommen wird, muss die Hauptenergiequelle 6 nicht so hohen Anforderungen an eine entsprechende Dynamik genügen. Die Hauptenergiequelle 6 kann daher weitaus geringfügiger dimensioniert werden. Gleiches gilt für einen entsprechenden Abfall der Last und des damit verbundenen geringeren Energiebedarfs der elektrischen Last 2. Überschüssige Energie der Hauptenergiequelle 6 kann dann über die Versorgungsleitungen 4,8 in der Zusatzenergiequelle zwischengespeichert werden. Dies gilt auch für den Fall, dass die elektrische Last 2 negativ wird. Auch dann kann Energie in der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 zwischengespeichert werden. Due to the fact that, with a high rate of change of the load 2, a part of the additionally required energy is taken from the additional energy source 10, the main energy source 6 does not have to satisfy such high demands on a corresponding dynamic. The main energy source 6 can therefore be dimensioned much smaller. The same applies to a corresponding drop in the load and the associated lower energy requirement of the electrical load 2. Excess energy of the main energy source 6 can then be cached via the supply lines 4.8 in the additional energy source. This also applies to the case where the electrical load 2 becomes negative. Even then, energy can be temporarily stored in the additional energy source 10.
In FIG 2 ist nun ein Diagramm aufgezeigt, in dem anhand Kurve 14 der Energiebedarf der veränderlichen elektrischen Last 2 wie beispielsweise eines Antriebssystems eines Baggers aufgetragen ist. In Kurve 16 ist die Energieabgabe der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 und in Kurve 18 die entsprechende Energieabgabe der Hauptenergiequelle 6 wie beispielsweise des Dieselgeneratorsystems dargestellt. In FIG 2, a diagram is shown in which the energy demand of the variable electric load 2 such as a drive system of an excavator is plotted on the basis of curve 14. In curve 16, the energy output of the additional energy source 10 and in curve 18 is the corresponding energy output the main power source 6 such as the diesel generator system shown.
Nach dem Zeitpunkt t0 steigt die Last 2 und somit deren Ener- giebedarf rasch an, so dass deren Änderungsrate einen After the time t 0 , the load 2 and thus its energy demand increases rapidly, so that their rate of change a
Schwellwert überschreitet. Ein derartiges Verhalten tritt beispielsweise beim Anlaufen des als elektrische Last 2 verwendeten Elektromotors des Baggers auf. In diesem Fall wird dann zwischen den Zeitpunkten t0 und ti Energie aus der Zu- Satzenergiequelle 10 zur Versorgung der elektrischen Last 2 bereitgestellt. Anhand der Kurven 16,18 ist zu erkennen, dass in diesem Zeitintervall die benötigte Energie zunächst ausschließlich aus der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 stammt. Zeitgleich wird mehr und mehr die Energiezufuhr aus der Hauptenergie- quelle 6 gesteigert, auf Grund der Trägheit des Dieselgeneratorsystems geschieht dies jedoch in deutlich geringerem Maße als es zur Versorgung der elektrischen Last erforderlich wäre. Erst zum Zeitpunkt ti entspricht dann die von der Hauptenergiequelle 6 zugeführte Energie dem tatsächlichen Energie- bedarf der elektrischen Last 2. Die Energiezufuhr durch dieThreshold exceeds. Such behavior occurs, for example, when starting the electric motor used as the electric load 2 of the excavator. In this case, energy is then provided from the additional energy source 10 for supplying the electrical load 2 between the times t 0 and t 1 . It can be seen from the curves 16, 18 that the required energy initially originates exclusively from the additional energy source 10 in this time interval. At the same time, the energy supply from the main energy source 6 is being increased more and more, but due to the inertia of the diesel generator system, this happens to a much lesser extent than would be necessary to supply the electrical load. Only at the time ti does the energy supplied by the main energy source 6 then correspond to the actual energy requirement of the electrical load 2
Zusatzenergiequelle 10 ist damit nicht mehr erforderlich. Somit wird also die Energieversorgung der Last solange auch unter Zuhilfenahme der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 gewährleistet, bis die Hauptenergiequelle 6 zur alleinigen Energieversorgung in der Lage ist. Additional energy source 10 is therefore no longer necessary. Thus, therefore, the energy supply of the load is ensured as long as with the aid of the additional energy source 10 until the main energy source 6 is capable of the sole power supply.
In dem Zeitintervall zwischen den Zeitpunkten ti bis t2 ändert sich die elektrische Last nur so geringfügig, dass die Änderungsrate den vorgegebenen Schwellwert nicht überschrei - tet, was bedeutet, dass die Energiezufuhr der elektrischen Last 2 allein mit der Hauptenergiequelle 6 bewerkstelligt wird . In the time interval between times ti to t2, the electric load varies only so small that the changing rate of the predetermined threshold value do not exceed - tet, which means that the energy supply of the electric load is accomplished solely by the main power source 6. 2
Zwischen den Zeitpunkten t2 und t3 ist jedoch der Lastabfall so groß, dass die Hauptenergiequelle 6 mehr Energie zur Verfügung stellt, als für den Betrieb der elektrischen Last 2 benötigt wird. Die Energiedifferenz wird in diesem Fall von der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 aufgenommen und gespeichert. Ins- besondere im Zeitintervall zwischen den Zeitpunkten t4 und t5 ist die elektrische Last 2 negativ, was beispielsweise beim Bremsen des Baggers auftritt. Die dabei erzeugte Bremsenergie wird dann ebenfalls in der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 gespei- chert . Between the times t 2 and t 3 , however, the load drop is so great that the main energy source 6 provides more energy than is needed for the operation of the electrical load 2. The energy difference is taken in this case by the additional energy source 10 and stored. INS particular in the time interval between the times t 4 and t 5 , the electrical load 2 is negative, which occurs for example when braking the excavator. The braking energy generated in this case is then also stored in the additional energy source 10.
Der Einsatz der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 dient somit zur dynamischen Entlastung der Hauptenergiequelle 10. Dadurch ist eine Überdimensionierung auf Grund dynamischer Probleme nicht mehr notwendig und die Hauptenergiequelle 6 kann effizienter eingesetzt werden. Auch kann gleichzeitig die auftretende Bremsenergie wieder genutzt werden, da sie in der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 zwischengespeichert wird. FIG 3 zeigt mehrere veränderliche elektrische Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" die in diesem Fall durch in einem Bagger befindliche Elektromotoren gebildet werden. Die elektrischen Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" sind jeweils über eine Versorgungsleitung 4 mit einer elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle 6, in diesem Fall ein Dieselgeneratorsystem, verbunden. Sowohl die elektrischen Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" als auch die Hauptenergiequelle 6 werden über nicht dargestellte Stromrichter betrieben und zusammengeschaltet. Als Hauptenergiequelle 6 können aber auch alle weiteren denkbaren elektrischen Energiequellen, insbe- sondere ein Energieversorgungsnetz dienen. Zu der Hauptenergiequelle 6 ist über eine weitere Versorgungsleitung 8 eine Zusatzenergiequelle 10 parallel geschaltet, die beispielsweise durch einen Ultrakondensator oder ein Schwungmassensystem gebildet wird. Auch die Zusatzenergiequelle 10 wird über ei- nen Stromrichter betrieben. The use of the additional energy source 10 thus serves to dynamically relieve the main energy source 10. As a result, overdimensioning due to dynamic problems is no longer necessary and the main energy source 6 can be used more efficiently. Also, at the same time the braking energy occurring can be used again because it is cached in the additional energy source 10. 3 shows a plurality of variable electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" which in this case are formed by electric motors located in an excavator. The electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" are each connected via a supply line 4 to a main electrical energy source 6, in this case a diesel generator system. Both the electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" and the main energy source 6 are operated and connected via converters, not shown. As the main energy source 6 but also all other conceivable electrical energy sources, in particular a power grid can serve. To the main energy source 6, an additional energy source 10 is connected in parallel via a further supply line 8, which is formed for example by an ultracapacitor or a flywheel system. The additional energy source 10 is also operated via a power converter.
Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird während eines konstanten Betriebes der elektrischen Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" also in Zeitintervallen, in denen die Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" nicht verändert werden, die Energieversorgung durch die According to the method of the invention, during a constant operation of the electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" at time intervals in which the loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" are not changed, the energy supply through the
Hauptenergiequelle 6 über die Versorgungsleitungen 4 sichergestellt. Wenn jedoch die Summe der Änderungsraten der Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" einen Schwellwert überschreitet, also bei- spielsweise die Last vergrößert wird und somit der Energiebedarf sich der Last vergrößert, so wird ein Teil der zusätzlich benötigten Energie zunächst mittels der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 bereitgestellt und somit die Last 2, 2", 2"", 2""" sowohl mit Energie der Hauptenergiequelle 6 als auch mitMain power source 6 via the supply lines 4 ensured. However, if the sum of the rates of change of the loads 2, 2 ", 2"",2""exceeds a threshold value, ie For example, the load is increased and thus the energy requirement of the load increases, so a portion of the additional energy required is first provided by the additional energy source 10 and thus the load 2, 2 ", 2"",2""" both with energy of the main energy source 6 as well with
Energie der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 betrieben. Damit die Zusatzenergiequelle 10 die elektrische Last 2, 2", 2"", 2""" mit Energie versorgen kann, muss diese zuvor zumindest zu einem Teil mit Energie geladen sein. Dies geschieht vor dem Be- trieb der elektrischen Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" beispielsweise durch die Hauptenergiequelle 6. Energy of the additional energy source 10 operated. For the additional energy source 10 to be able to supply the electrical load 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" with energy, it must first be charged with energy at least in part. This occurs before the operation of the electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "", for example, by the main energy source 6.
Zur Steuerung dieses Verfahrens dient eine Leistungsmessung an der Versorgungsleitung. Eine Steuereinrichtung 12 dient zur Erfassung der gemessenen Leistungswerte und deren Summenbildung und Vergleich gegen den Schwellwert, wobei weiterhin die Energiezufuhr zur Zusatzenergiequelle 10 oder die Energiezufuhr von dieser gespeicherter Energie zu den Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" gesteuert wird. To control this process is a power measurement on the supply line. A control device 12 is used to detect the measured power values and their summation and comparison against the threshold value, wherein the energy supply to the additional energy source 10 or the energy supply from this stored energy to the loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "" is controlled ,
Dadurch, dass bei in Summe hoher Änderungsrate der Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""" ein Teil der zusätzlich benötigten Energie aus der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 entnommen wird, muss die Hauptenergiequelle 6 nicht so hohen Anforderungen an eine entspre- chende Dynamik genügen. Die Hauptenergiequelle 6 kann daher weitaus geringfügiger dimensioniert werden. Gleiches gilt für einen entsprechenden Abfall der Gesamt-Last und des damit verbundenen geringeren Energiebedarfs der elektrischen Lasten 2, 2", 2"", 2""". Überschüssige Energie der Hauptenergiequel - le 6 kann dann über die Versorgungsleitungen 4,8 in der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 zwischengespeichert werden. Dies gilt auch für den Fall, dass die elektrische Last in Summe negativ wird. Auch dann kann Energie in der Zusatzenergiequelle 10 zwischengespeichert werden. Due to the fact that, with a high rate of change of the loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "", a part of the additionally required energy is taken from the additional energy source 10, the main energy source 6 does not have to have such high demands on a corresponding dynamic suffice. The main energy source 6 can therefore be dimensioned much smaller. The same applies to a corresponding drop in the total load and the associated lower energy requirement of the electrical loads 2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "". Excess energy of the main energy source 6 can then be temporarily stored in the additional energy source 10 via the supply lines 4, 8. This also applies to the case that the electrical load is negative in total. Even then, energy can be temporarily stored in the additional energy source 10.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele einge- schränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen . Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples. and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer veränderlichen elektrischen Last (2), welche mit einer elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle (6) verbunden ist und mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird, bei dem die Last (2) zur Erhöhung der Dynamik der Energieversorgung mit einer Zusatzenergiequelle (10) betrieben wird, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last (2) einen Schwellwert überschreitet . A method of operating a variable electrical load (2) connected to a main electrical energy source (6) and supplied with electrical energy, wherein the load (2) is operated to increase the dynamics of the power supply with an auxiliary power source (10) when the rate of change of the load (2) exceeds a threshold.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
bei dem die Last (2) mit elektrischer Energie der Zusatzenergiequelle (10) versorgt wird, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last (2) größer als ein vorgegebener positiver Schwellwert ist. in which the load (2) is supplied with electrical energy of the additional energy source (10) when the rate of change of the load (2) is greater than a predetermined positive threshold value.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
bei dem die Last an die Zusatzenergiequelle (10) elektrische Energie abgibt, wenn die Änderungsrate der Last (2) kleiner als ein vorgegebener negativer Schwellwert ist. in which the load to the additional energy source (10) emits electrical energy when the rate of change of the load (2) is less than a predetermined negative threshold.
4. Verfahren zum Betreiben mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2"""), welche von einer elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle (6) mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden, bei dem die Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") zur Erhöhung der Dynamik der Energieversorgung mit einer Zusatz - energiequelle (10) betrieben werden, wenn eine Summe von Änderungsraten der Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") einen Schwellwert überschreitet . 4. A method for operating a plurality of variable electrical loads (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") which are supplied by a main electrical energy source (6) with electrical energy, in which the loads (2, 2 ", 2 "", 2 "" ") to increase the dynamics of the power supply with an additional energy source (10) are operated when a sum of change rates of the loads (2, 2", 2 "", 2 "" ") exceeds a threshold ,
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, 5. The method according to claim 4,
bei dem mindestens eine der Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") mit elektrischer Energie der Zusatzenergiequelle (10) versorgt wird, wenn die Summe der Änderungsraten der Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") größer als ein vorgegebener positiver Schwellwert ist. in which at least one of the loads (2, 2 ", 2"",2""") is supplied with electrical energy of the additional energy source (10) when the sum of the rates of change of the loads (2, 2 ", 2"", 2 """) is greater than a predetermined positive threshold.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5,
bei dem mindestens eine der Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") an die Zusatzenergiequelle (10) elektrische Energie abgibt, wenn die Summe der Änderungsraten der Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") klei- ner als ein vorgegebener negativer Schwellwert ist. in which at least one of the loads (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") delivers electrical energy to the additional energy source (10) when the sum of the rates of change of the loads (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") is smaller than a predetermined negative threshold.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Schwellwert im Bereich von > 15% der Nennleistung der Hauptenergiequelle pro Sekunde liegt. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the threshold is in the range of> 15% of the rated power of the main power source per second.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem als elektrische Hauptenergiequelle (6) ein Dieselgeneratorsystem verwendet wird. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main electrical energy source (6) is a diesel generator system is used.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem als elektrische Hauptenergiequelle (6) ein Energieversorgungsnetz verwendet wird. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which a power supply network is used as the main electrical energy source (6).
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem als Zusatzenergiequelle (10) ein Kondensatorspe verwendet wird. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the auxiliary energy source (10) a Kondensatorspe is used.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem als Zusatzenergiequelle (10) ein Schwungmassensystem verwendet wird. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a flywheel mass system is used as an additional energy source (10).
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem jede elektrische Last (2, 2", 2"", 2""") durch einen Elektromotor gebildet wird. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each electrical load (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") is formed by an electric motor.
13. Energieversorgungssystem zur Versorgung einer veränderlichen elektrischen Last (2) mit Energie, mit einer die elektrische Last (2) mit Energie versorgenden elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle (6) , einer Zusatzenergiequelle (10) und einer Steuereinrichtung (12) zur Steuerung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder 7 bis 12. Energy supply system for supplying a variable electrical load (2) with energy, with a main electrical energy source (6) supplying energy to the electrical load (2), an additional energy source (10) and a control device (12) for controlling the method according to one of Claims 1 to 3 or 7 to 12.
14. Energieversorgungssystem zur Versorgung mehrerer veränderlicher elektrischer Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") mit elektrischer Energie, mit einer die elektrischen Lasten (2, 2", 2"", 2""") mit elektrischer Energie versorgenden elektrischen Hauptenergiequelle (6) , einer Zusatzenergiequelle (10) und einer Steuereinrichtung (12) zur Steuerung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6 oder 7 bis 12. 14. Energy supply system for supplying a plurality of variable electrical loads (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") with electrical energy, with an electrical loads (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") with electrical Main power supplying energy source (6), an additional energy source (10) and a control device (12) for controlling the method according to one of claims 4 to 6 or 7 to 12.
15. Energieversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 13 oder Anspruch 14, 15. Energy supply system according to claim 13 or claim 14,
bei dem die elektrische Hauptenergiequelle (6) ein Dieselgeneratorsystem ist. in which the main electrical energy source (6) is a diesel generator system.
16. Energieversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 13 oder Anspruch 14, 16. Energy supply system according to claim 13 or claim 14,
bei dem die elektrische Hauptenergiequelle (6) ein Energieversorgungsnetz ist. in which the main electrical energy source (6) is a power supply network.
17. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, 17. Energy supply system according to one of claims 13 to 16,
wobei jede elektrische Last (2, 2", 2"", 2""") durch einen Elektromotor ausgebildet ist. wherein each electrical load (2, 2 ", 2" ", 2" "") is formed by an electric motor.
18. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, 18. Energy supply system according to one of claims 13 to 17,
bei dem die Zusatzenergiequelle (10) ein Ultrakondensator ist . in which the additional energy source (10) is an ultracapacitor.
19. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, 19. Energy supply system according to one of claims 13 to 17,
bei dem die Zusatzenergiequelle (10) ein Schwungmassensystem ist . in which the additional energy source (10) is a flywheel mass system.
20. Bagger mit einem Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 19, wobei der Bagger ein Fortbewegungssystem zur Fortbewegung des Baggers, ein Drehsystem zur Ausführung einer Drehbewegung von zumindest Teilen des Baggers, ein Hubsystem zum Ausführen einer Hubbewegung von zumindest Teilen des Baggers, und ein Vorschubsystem zum Bewegen eines Aufnah mesystems des Baggers aufweist, wobei das Drehsystem, das Hubsystem und das Vorschubsystem jeweils eine elektrische Last (2, 2", 2"") bilden und mindestens einen Elektromotor umfassen . 20. An excavator with a power supply system according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the excavator is a locomotion system for locomotion of the excavator, a rotating system for effecting rotational movement of at least parts of the excavator, a hoisting system for performing a hoisting motion of at least parts the excavator, and a feed system for moving a Aufnahm mesystems of the excavator, wherein the rotation system, the lifting system and the feed system each form an electrical load (2, 2 ", 2"") and comprise at least one electric motor.
21. Bagger nach Anspruch 20, wobei weiterhin das Fortbewegungssystem eine weitere elektrische Last {2""") bildet und mindestens einen Elektromotor umfasst. The excavator of claim 20, further wherein the travel system forms another electrical load {2 "" ") and comprises at least one electric motor.
22. Bagger nach einem der Ansprüche 20 oder 21, wobei der Bagger ein Schaufelradbagger, ein Schürfkübelbagger, ein Eimerseilbagger oder ein Eimerkettenbagger ist. 22. An excavator according to any one of claims 20 or 21, wherein the excavator is a bucket wheel excavator, a scraper excavator, a bucket-type excavator or a bucket-chain excavator.
PCT/EP2013/058001 2012-04-30 2013-04-17 Method for running one or more changeable electrical loads and power supply system for supplying one or more changeable electrical loads WO2013164192A1 (en)

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US20050039630A1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2005-02-24 General Electric Company Hybrid energy off highway vehicle load control system and method
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