WO2013163932A1 - 媒体信息的生成方法、终端、服务器及ahs系统 - Google Patents

媒体信息的生成方法、终端、服务器及ahs系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013163932A1
WO2013163932A1 PCT/CN2013/074597 CN2013074597W WO2013163932A1 WO 2013163932 A1 WO2013163932 A1 WO 2013163932A1 CN 2013074597 W CN2013074597 W CN 2013074597W WO 2013163932 A1 WO2013163932 A1 WO 2013163932A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
code
terminal
code stream
stream
tracking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/074597
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廉士国
王新
刘永亮
张少波
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP13784605.1A priority Critical patent/EP2835947B1/en
Publication of WO2013163932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013163932A1/zh
Priority to US14/529,547 priority patent/US10044784B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/65—Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/70—Media network packetisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/23439—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements for generating different versions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving video stream encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
    • H04N21/2402—Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25808—Management of client data
    • H04N21/25816—Management of client data involving client authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25808—Management of client data
    • H04N21/25825—Management of client data involving client display capabilities, e.g. screen resolution of a mobile phone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25808—Management of client data
    • H04N21/25858—Management of client data involving client software characteristics, e.g. OS identifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • H04N21/42684—Client identification by a unique number or address, e.g. serial number, MAC address, socket ID
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and more particularly to a method for generating media information, a terminal, a server, and an adaptive HTTP streaming (ACS) system.
  • AHS Adaptive HTTP Streaming
  • HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  • the received content may be illegally distributed again.
  • Authorized users, or directly on the Internet to share. This kind of distribution is a kind of piracy.
  • the method for tracking the above malicious distributor is: embedding a unique identification code associated with the terminal (receiver) in the media content, so that each terminal (receiving All) receive different media copies.
  • the malicious distributor can be judged by detecting the identification code in the content.
  • the server side embeds and sends media content according to the user's request, and sends a media copy to each user.
  • using this method requires the server to process media content in real time and respond to requests from all users, as well as generate and distribute different media copies for each user, which is too large for the server side. Therefore, in the case where there are a large number of users and wired bandwidth, the problem of tracking the media information in the AHS system, that is, tracking the pirates who pirate the media information, cannot be solved.
  • the server only broadcasts a media data stream
  • the client terminal
  • the client terminal
  • the client terminal
  • the client terminal
  • the server needs to broadcast two copies of the media stream instead of the end user's active request. Therefore, this technology cannot solve the piracy of media information in the AHS system and track the pirated media information. The problem of pirates.
  • an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for generating media information, a terminal, a server, and an adaptive HTTP Streaming (AHS) system to overcome the prior art.
  • AHS adaptive HTTP Streaming
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for generating media information including:
  • the m code rate media stream generated by the adaptive streaming media AHS is divided into h groups, and code stream packet information is generated; wherein the code rate is used to represent code streams of different qualities, and the code stream is composed of multiple Composed of stream segments;
  • a tracking code is respectively embedded in the code stream segment, where the tracking code is used to generate a traceable code stream corresponding to the code stream;
  • a server comprising:
  • An adaptive streaming media AHS media stream unit for generating a media code stream of m code rates; a code stream packet information unit for media stream of m code rates generated by the adaptive streaming media AHS media stream unit Dividing into h groups, and generating code stream packet information, where the code rate is used to represent code streams of different qualities, and the code stream is composed of multiple code stream segments;
  • a trackable code stream unit configured to respectively embed a tracking code in the code stream segment, where the tracking code is used to generate a traceable code stream corresponding to the code stream;
  • a media presentation description file TMPD unit with a tracking code, a tracking code for embedding the code stream segment generated by the traceable code stream unit, and the code stream packet information generated by the code stream packet information unit are stored to the media Generating a traceable media presentation description file TMPD in the presentation description file MPD;
  • an end user response unit configured to generate and store a terminal identifier, and receive a request of the terminal for the media content, and send the TMPD to the terminal.
  • a terminal comprising:
  • An end user identification code unit configured to save a terminal identifier of the terminal user
  • a parsing unit configured to receive and parse the media presentation description file TMPD with the tracking code
  • an adaptive switching unit configured to generate code stream request information fed back to the server according to the terminal identifier, the parsing result of the TMPD, the terminal processing capability, and/or the network environment.
  • An adaptive media system AHS includes: the above server and terminal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for generating media information, a terminal, a server, and an AHS system, as compared with the prior art.
  • the tracking codes are respectively embedded in the code stream segments of each group; and the tracking code and the media stream stream group information are stored in the MPD, and the download is performed at the terminal.
  • tracking of the end user who downloads the media data is implemented by the tracking code.
  • the media information carrying the tracking code can be generated, that is, the media information supporting the tracking of the pirate can be generated based on the above process, and the problem of pirate tracking in the AHS service can be realized.
  • FIG. 1B is a flowchart of a method for generating media information according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2B is a flowchart of another method for generating media information according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of a code stream generated in the process of performing step S101 to step S103 disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of generating code stream request information in a terminal according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for generating media information according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • the flow chart of the code stream request information disclosed in the second embodiment is generated in the terminal
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the server end according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal corresponding to the server end according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of processing a selected code stream segment by a terminal according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • AHS Adaptive HTTP Streaming, adaptive HTTP streaming
  • MPD Media Presentation Description, media presentation description file
  • TMPD Traceable Media Presentation Description, a traceable media presentation description file.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a method suitable for use in the AHS system. Pirate tracking methods, terminals, servers, and AHS systems. The details are described in detail by the following examples.
  • the m code rate media stream generated by the AHS system is divided into h groups, and each group of segments respectively embed a tracking code; and the tracking code and the media code stream group information are Stored in the MPD.
  • the terminal After the terminal downloads to the MPD, according to the location of the terminal itself The capability, as well as the current network environment, the terminal's identification code, the tracking code in the MPD, and the media stream packet information, select the corresponding quality media stream to download.
  • the terminal determines the uniqueness of the downloaded media stream by using the identifier.
  • the terminal code in the media stream can be used to determine the terminal user performing the distribution, so as to track the terminal user.
  • a flow chart of a method for generating media information according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S101 The server side divides the media code streams of the m type code rates generated by the AHS into h groups, and generates code stream group information.
  • a media data bit stream of m type code rate is generated on the server side, where the code rate is equivalent to the quality of the code stream.
  • the generated code stream structure includes at least a high quality code rate, a medium quality code rate, and a low quality code rate corresponding to the m types of code rates, and the corresponding m qualityes are arranged according to the high to low quality.
  • Q0, Q1, Q2, Qm-1 Expressed as: Q0, Q1, Q2, Qm-1; wherein, each code stream can be divided into n segments according to different time lengths, corresponding to the length of time in Figure 2: TO, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ... , Tn-1.
  • the m types of quality are again divided according to the principle of the quality of the code stream/code stream, and the h group corresponding to the h kinds of quality is generated, and the h group includes For the code stream corresponding to the m/h code rate, each code stream corresponds to a different code rate.
  • h is greater than or equal to 1
  • m represents m different masses
  • the value of m/h is: 2 X
  • x is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the code stream of the m/h code rate included in any one of the h groups may be further divided into n segments, that is, each code stream includes n segments, and the n is greater than 0. In the embodiment of the invention, n is taken as 6.
  • step S101 layer-by-layer division of m code rate (quality) media code streams is performed, and m code streams are divided into h groups, so that m/h code streams (stream segments) are included in each group.
  • the tracking function can be better supported in the process of embedding the tracking code.
  • Step S102 Embed a tracking code in the code stream segment, where the tracking code is used to generate a traceable code stream corresponding to the code stream.
  • Step S102 is performed, for the h group code stream divided in the above step S101.
  • Each group of code stream segments respectively embed respective corresponding tracking codes, and the tracking codes are used to generate a traceable code stream corresponding to the code stream information.
  • different tracking codes need to be embedded in different code streams of the same group;
  • each code stream segment embeds the same or different tracking codes, and the tracking of each code stream segment is embedded.
  • the embedding method can be performed using a watermark algorithm.
  • tracking code embedded in each of the above code streams or stream segments is unique for each code stream or stream segment.
  • Step S103 Store the tracking code embedded in the code stream segment and the code stream packet information into the MPD to generate a traceable media presentation description file TMPD.
  • Step S103 is performed to store the generated traceable code stream into the MPD, and generate a media presentation description file TMPD with a tracking code.
  • the MPD further includes a code rate, quality, address, and authorization of the media stream segment.
  • Information such as information, which is information that can be tracked.
  • each code stream segment in the traceable code stream generated in the foregoing step S102 may be first encrypted, and then each code stream of the encrypted trackable code stream is stored. Fragment. Different encryption methods can be used for each code stream or code stream segment.
  • Step S103 is executed, and each traceable code stream is stored in the MPD. Since the traceable code stream is corresponding code stream group information, the tracking code and the code stream group information corresponding to each media stream stream segment are actually Stored in the MPD to generate the corresponding TMPD. As shown in Table 1 below, it is a typical TMPD.
  • the code stream generated in the process of performing the above steps S101 to S103 is as shown in FIG.
  • Step S104 Receive and feed back the TMPD carrying the tracking code to the terminal according to the request of the terminal user for the media content.
  • the server forwards the TMPD carrying the tracking code to the terminal, and feeds back the TMPD file corresponding to the requested media content to the terminal.
  • TMPD is only related to media content, which is independent of the terminal, and different media content may correspond to different TMPD.
  • the end users who send requests for media content to the server also each have a unique terminal identifier. If different terminals request the same media content, different terminals will receive the same TMPD.
  • the terminal For the source of the terminal identification code, in general, the terminal itself stores a unique terminal identification code that identifies its identity. In another case, when the terminal itself does not have an identification code, when it requests media information or media content from the server, the server will generate a corresponding and unique one for the terminal that sends the request according to the information of the known terminal user. A terminal identifier that identifies its identity.
  • This embodiment of the present invention can generate a media presentation description file with traceability through the above process.
  • the present invention further discloses a process of transmitting code stream request information after the terminal receives the TMPD.
  • step S105 and step S106 are added to the drawing la.
  • Step S105 Acquire code stream request information sent by the terminal, where the code stream request information is obtained by the terminal according to the identification code of the terminal and the parsing result of the TMPD.
  • the terminal identification code or a part thereof is consistent with a tracking code.
  • step S105 is performed to receive the code stream request information that is sent by the terminal.
  • the process of generating the code stream request information in the terminal is as shown in FIG. 4, and mainly includes steps S201 to S204:
  • Step S201 The terminal determines, according to the current network state and/or terminal capability information, a normal code rate that the terminal can receive.
  • Step S202 The terminal selects, according to the code rate information in the received TMPD, a traceable code stream that is not larger than the normal code rate from the m traceable code rates, and acquires a code of the traceable code stream.
  • a stream packet, that is, which group in the h group code stream is determined.
  • Step S203 Select, in the code stream in the acquired code stream packet, a code stream segment including the same tracking code and the terminal identification code according to the tracking code information in the received TMPD and the terminal identification code information of the terminal. That is, the tracking code included in the selected code stream segment is consistent with the terminal identification code or a part thereof.
  • Step S204 The terminal feeds back the information of the selected code stream segment, that is, the address corresponding to the code stream segment, to the server.
  • the address corresponding to the code stream segment is obtained by the TMPD, and the address corresponding to the code stream segment is the storage address of the code stream included in the TMPD on the server side.
  • Step S106 Select the code stream segment in the corresponding trackable code stream according to the code stream request information, and send the code stream segment to the terminal.
  • the server performs a search according to the address of the code stream segment in the code stream request information received by the terminal, selects a corresponding code stream segment with traceability, and sends the code stream segment to the terminal.
  • a flow chart of a method for generating media information according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S301 the server side divides the media code streams of the m type code rates generated by the AHS into h groups, and generates corresponding code stream group information.
  • Step S302 embedding a tracking code in the code stream segment, where the tracking code is used to generate a traceable code stream corresponding to the code stream.
  • Step S303 Encrypt each code stream segment in the traceable code stream.
  • step S303 When step S303 is performed to encrypt each code stream segment in the traceable code stream, different encryption methods may be adopted for each code stream or code stream segment.
  • Step S304 storing the tracking code embedded in the code stream segment and the code stream grouping information into the MPD to generate a traceable media presentation description file TMPD.
  • step S304 the code stream packet information, and the traceable information of the traceable code stream encrypted in each of the code stream segments are stored in the MPD.
  • the MPD includes information such as the code rate and address of a stream segment of a body code stream.
  • “Representation,” indicates a certain quality stream
  • “RepresentationLicense” indicates the authorization information corresponding to the stream (such as decryption information)
  • “segmentQuality” indicates the quality or code rate of the stream segment.
  • step S304 is executed to store the tracking code and code stream group information corresponding to each media stream stream segment in the MPD to generate a corresponding TMPD.
  • TMPD a typical structure is given in the first embodiment, where No longer.
  • the provided TMPD file is not disclosed or transmitted to the terminal after further encryption.
  • Step S305 Receive and feed back the encrypted TMPD to the terminal according to the request of the terminal user for the media content.
  • step S305 The process of receiving and feedbacking in step S305 is the same as step S204 disclosed in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein.
  • Step S306 Acquire code stream request information that is fed back by the terminal after the adaptive code stream is switched according to the terminal identification code and the parsing result of the TMPD.
  • the TMPD is encrypted. Therefore, the code stream request information fed back by the terminal acquired by the server in step S206, the process of acquiring the code stream request information in the terminal is as shown in FIG. 6. Show, mainly including:
  • Step S401 The terminal determines, according to the current network state and/or the processing capability of the terminal for the media data, the normal code rate of the code stream that the terminal can currently receive.
  • the processing capability of the media data is usually obtained by reading the hardware setting information of the terminal; the current network state refers to the bandwidth status of the network, which can be obtained by reading the network configuration information.
  • the normal code rate of the code stream that the terminal can currently receive it can be performed in two ways: The normal code rate of the code stream that the terminal can currently receive is determined by one of the above two conditions; the other is that the code that the terminal is currently capable of receiving is determined by comparing the two conditions. The normal bit rate of the stream.
  • Step S402 the terminal decrypts the received TMPD, and then parses the parameters contained therein.
  • the way of parsing can be expressed as: The parameters are extracted according to the parameter identifier and their corresponding values.
  • Step S403 The terminal selects, according to the code rate information in the received TMPD, a traceable code stream that is not greater than the closest to the normal code rate, and obtains a code of the traceable code stream.
  • a stream packet, that is, which group in the h group code stream is determined.
  • Step S404 in the code stream in the acquired code stream packet, according to the tracking code information in the received TMPD and the terminal identification code information of the terminal, select a code stream segment that includes the same tracking code as the terminal identification code, that is, select The tracking code included in the stream segment is identical to the terminal identifier or a part thereof.
  • Step S405 The terminal feeds back the information of the selected code stream segment, that is, the address corresponding to the code stream segment, to the server.
  • the address corresponding to the code stream segment is obtained by the TMPD, and the address corresponding to the code stream segment is the storage address of the code stream included in the TMPD on the server side.
  • Step S307 Select a code stream segment in the corresponding traceable code stream according to the code stream request information, and send the code stream segment to the terminal.
  • the above process is basically the same as the process disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention, and can be referred to each other.
  • the m code rate media stream generated by the AHS system can also be divided into h groups, and different tracking codes are respectively embedded in the code stream segments of each group of code streams; and the tracking code and the media code stream grouping information are respectively embedded. It is stored in the MPD, and in the process of downloading by the terminal, tracking of the end user who downloads the media data is realized by the tracking code.
  • the media information carrying the tracking code can be generated, that is, the media information supporting the tracking of the pirate can be generated based on the above process, and the problem of pirate tracking in the AHS service can be realized.
  • encrypting the transmitted TMPD can further improve the security performance during transmission.
  • the TMPD may be transmitted to the terminal by using an HTTP download manner on the server side.
  • the terminal illegally forwards, uploads, and distributes the received media information, it is actually illegally forwarded. Especially when the terminal propagates the media information to the public network and causes a large area to spread, it will cause loss on the server side.
  • the server side can track the pirates based on the traceable media information generated in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, that is, the terminal that illegally transmits the media information is tracked, and the illegally transmitted information is determined by the server. Which terminal is illegally transmitted. Therefore, when the server detects the media stream on other terminals or networks, the process of specifically tracking the pirates is:
  • the terminal identification code is determined based on the tracking code embedded in the code stream segment.
  • the terminal identification code tracking a terminal that illegally distributes the media code stream is acquired.
  • the basis is that the tracking code is embedded in the traceable stream segment disclosed in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the tracking code is consistent with the terminal identifier of the receiving terminal.
  • the tracking code embedded in the trackable stream segment can be used to obtain the corresponding terminal identification code.
  • the server can find the unique terminal corresponding to the terminal according to the terminal identification code. Thereby, it is possible to determine a pirate (terminal) that illegally distributes the media stream or media information.
  • the traceable media information generated in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention is tracked by the end user of the downloaded media data by using the tracking code therein.
  • it can also track the pirates, that is, to achieve the problem of pirate tracking in the AHS service, reducing the loss on the server side.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a server end according to an embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes: an AHS media stream unit 101, a code stream packet information unit 102, a traceable code stream unit 103, and a tracking code.
  • the AHS media stream unit 101 is configured to generate a media code stream of m code rates.
  • the m code rates include at least a high quality code rate, a medium quality code rate, and a low quality code rate. For details, refer to related content in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • the code stream packet information unit 102 is configured to divide the media code streams of the m type code rates generated by the AHS media stream unit 101 into h groups, and generate code stream packet information.
  • the code rate is used to represent code streams of different qualities, and the code stream is composed of a plurality of code stream segments.
  • the h group includes a code stream corresponding to the m/h type code rate, and each code stream corresponds to a different code rate; the code stream includes n segments, the h is greater than or equal to 1, and the n is greater than Or equal to 1.
  • code stream packet information unit 102 is divided according to the principle of the quality of the code stream/code stream, and each group includes m/h code streams, where m represents m different qualities, m/h Values are: 2 X , X is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the trackable code stream unit 103 is configured to respectively embed a tracking code in the code stream segment, where the tracking code is used to generate a traceable code stream corresponding to the code stream packet information.
  • the traceable code stream unit 103 embeds different tracking codes in different code streams of the same group when performing the embedded tracking code.
  • TMPD unit 104 with a tracking code, a tracking code for embedding the code stream segment generated by the traceable code stream unit 103, and the code stream packet information generated by the code stream packet information unit 102 are stored to the media presentation In the description file MPD, TMPD is generated.
  • the terminal user response unit 105 is configured to generate and store a terminal identifier, and receive a request of the terminal user for the media content, and send the TMPD carrying the tracking code to the terminal.
  • the terminal user response unit 105 mainly includes: a first receiving module, a generating and storing module, and a feedback module.
  • a first receiving module configured to receive a request of the end user for the media content
  • a generating and storing module configured to generate, according to valid information such as user registration information carried in the terminal request, a unique terminal identifier corresponding to the terminal, when the terminal does not have a terminal identifier;
  • the feedback module is configured to feed back the TMPD carrying the tracking code to the terminal.
  • An obtaining unit 106 configured to obtain, by the terminal, an analysis result according to the terminal identifier and the TMPD After the adaptive code stream switching, the fed back code request information.
  • the sending unit 107 is configured to select a code stream segment in the corresponding trackable code stream according to the code stream request information, and send the code stream segment to the terminal.
  • the transmitting unit 107 includes: a second receiving module and a transmitting module.
  • a second receiving module configured to receive the code stream request information, where the code stream request information includes at least an address of the code stream
  • a sending module configured to send the traceable code stream segment corresponding to the code stream request information (code stream address) to the terminal.
  • an encryption unit may be added to the server end, and the encryption unit is configured to encrypt the MPD file to generate an encrypted TMPD file, and store and/or Or transfer. Specifically, the encryption unit is configured to encrypt each of the stream segments stored in the traceable code stream in the MPD.
  • Embodiment 5 Intentions mainly include: an end user identification code unit 201, a parsing unit 202, and an adaptive switching unit 203.
  • the above units can be collectively referred to as security modules in the terminal.
  • the terminal user identifier unit 201 is configured to save the terminal identifier of the terminal user.
  • the terminal identification code can be generated by a method of generating a random number.
  • the terminal identification code in the terminal subscriber identity unit 201 can be pre-written at the time of purchase of the device; it can also be transmitted and written to the terminal through the network when the user requests the service.
  • the parsing unit 202 is configured to receive and parse the TMPD.
  • the adaptive switching unit 203 is configured to perform adaptive code stream switching according to the terminal identifier, the parsing result of the TMPD, and the terminal processing capability/network environment. The corresponding code stream segment is selected by this switching module.
  • the terminal disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a media data receiving and playing unit 204, configured to receive a stream segment sent by the server, and play the corresponding media content.
  • the adaptive switching unit 203 mainly includes: a determining module, a first selecting module, a second selecting module, and a requesting module.
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to the network status and/or the information about the processing capability of the terminal for the media data, the normal code rate that the current terminal can receive.
  • the processing capability of the media data is usually obtained by reading the hardware setting information of the terminal; the current network state refers to the bandwidth status of the network, which can be obtained by reading the network configuration information.
  • the method may be performed in two ways: one is to determine the normal code rate of the code stream that the terminal can currently receive by one of the above two conditions; To determine the normal code rate of the code stream that the terminal is currently capable of receiving by comparing the above two conditions, with the smaller or lower condition.
  • a first selecting module configured to select, according to the code rate information parsed in the TMPD, a traceable code stream that is not greater than and closest to the normal code rate, and obtain the tracking code stream from the m traceable code streams.
  • the code stream group where it is located That is, a traceable code stream having the same as the normal code rate or the closest code rate is selected from the m traceable code rates, and which one of the h group code streams is determined. It belongs to one of the h groups.
  • a second selecting module configured to select, in the code stream of the acquired code stream packet, a code stream segment that includes the same tracking code as the terminal identification code or a part thereof.
  • a requesting module configured to send the information of the code stream segment, that is, the address corresponding to the code stream segment, to the server end as the code stream request information.
  • the address corresponding to the code stream is a storage address of the TMPD embedded code stream on the server end.
  • a decryption unit may be added in the terminal disclosed in this embodiment of the present invention before the parsing unit.
  • the decrypting unit is configured to decrypt the TMPD and send the TMPD to the parsing unit 202 for parsing when the received TMPD is encrypted.
  • the normal bit rate B that the current terminal can receive is determined according to the current network status and/or the information of the terminal's processing capability of the media data.
  • the one that is closest to B and not greater than B is selected among the m quality code streams of the TMPD, and is assumed to be Q B ;
  • R B it is assumed to be R B .
  • the corresponding code stream group (m/h code stream segments) is found by the code stream packet number R B , and the code stream segments to be selected are determined by comparing the terminal identification code of the terminal user with the tracking code of the code stream segment.
  • the tracking code of the code stream segment is obtained through the TMPD search. The principle of selection is that the terminal identifier and the tracking code are the same.
  • the identification code is divided into L/K groups, and each group of K bits is used for comparison. Thus, to complete the tracking of an identification code, only L/K stream segments are required.
  • the download address of the stream segment to be selected is obtained, and then the corresponding stream segment is downloaded from the server for playback.
  • the cartridge can be summarized as shown in Figure 9: 301 determines the code stream 302 to determine the code stream packet 303 to determine the stream segment to download or decrypt, to play the stream segment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further discloses an AHS system, which mainly includes the foregoing Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 5 The disclosed server 1 and terminal 2.
  • servers and terminals are not limited to AHS systems, but are also adapted to, for example, distribution of media content based on network bandwidth and terminal processing capabilities, including video (such as Internet video), audio (such as VoIP, digital music). Mp3), and supports traceability of the terminal of the above distributed content.
  • video such as Internet video
  • audio such as VoIP, digital music.
  • Mp3 supports traceability of the terminal of the above distributed content.
  • the invention divides the m code rate media code stream into h groups, and respectively embeds different tracking codes in the code stream segments of each group code stream; and stores the tracking code and the media code stream group group information into the MPD,
  • tracking of the end user who downloads the media data is implemented by the tracking code. That is, since the tracking code is identical to the terminal identification code of the receiving terminal, the problem of tracking the pirates in the AHS service can be realized by generating media information supporting the tracking of the pirates based on the above process.
  • encrypting the transmitted TMPD can further improve the security performance during transmission.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EEPROM electrically programmable ROM
  • EEPly erasable programmable ROM registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or technical field Any other form of storage medium known.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种媒体信息的生成方法、终端、服务器及自适应流媒体系统。主要通过将AHS系统产生的m种码率的媒体码流分成h组，在每组的码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码；并将码流片段嵌入的追踪码和码流分组信息存储到媒体呈现描述文件MPD文件中，在终端进行下载的过程中，通过追踪码实现对下载媒体数据的终端用户的追踪。通过上述过程能够生成携带追踪码的媒体信息，即基于上述过程可生成支持追踪盗版者的媒体信息，能够实现AHS服务中盗版者追踪的问题。同时，使服务器端不需要生成媒体文件的多个备份，实现减少存储空间消耗的目的。

Description

媒体信息的生成方法、 终端、 服务器及 AHS系统 本申请要求于 2012年 05月 02 日 提交中 国专利局、 申请号为 201210133456.6、 发明名称为 "媒体信息的生成方法、 终端、 服务器及 AHS系 统" 的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及通信技术领域，更具体的说，是涉及一种媒体信息的生成方法、 终端、 服务器及自适应流媒体 AHS ( Adaptive HTTP Streaming, 自适应 HTTP 流媒体） 系统。 背景技术 目前， 基于 HTTP ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, 超文本传输协议 ) 的流 媒体服务的 AHS ( Adaptive HTTP Streaming, 自适应 HTTP流媒体）技术， 在 互联网上传输音频、视频以及多媒体的媒体文件。在终端接收到媒体文件之后 进行媒体分发的过程中，如基于机顶盒的电视接收等，对于已经付过费接收媒 体内容的终端用户或接收者，可能非法地将接收到的内容再次分发给未经授权 的用户， 或直接放到互联网上共享。 该种分发行为则属于盗版行为的一种。
而在现有技术执行盗版者追踪技术的过程中，对于追踪上述恶意分发者的 方法是： 在媒体内容中嵌入与终端（接收者）相关的具有唯一性的识别码， 使 得每个终端（接收者）都收到不同的媒体拷贝。 当一个终端（接收者）恶意分 发内容时， 可以通过检测内容中的识别码来判断此恶意分发者。具有两种不同 的方式：
其一， 基于服务器。 服务器端根据用户的请求来嵌入和发送媒体内容， 给 每个用户发送一个媒体拷贝。但是， 采用该种方法需要服务器端实时处理媒体 内容并响应所有用户的请求， 以及为每个用户产生和分发不同的媒体拷贝， 对 于服务器端来说并发负载过大。 因此， 在存在大量用户和有线带宽的情况下， 并不能解决 AHS系统中的对该媒体信息进行追踪，即对盗版该媒体信息的盗版 者进行追踪的问题。
其二， 基于终端。 服务器端只广播一种媒体数据流， 客户端（终端） 负责 根据自己的识别码选择相应的媒体数据段并解密和解码，从而获得不同的媒体 数据。 但是， 采用该种方法时服务器端需要广播媒体码流的两个拷贝， 而不是基 于终端用户的主动请求， 因此， 此技术不能解决 AHS系统中关于媒体信息被盗 版， 以及追踪盗版该媒体信息的盗版者的问题。
由上述可知，现有技术中的盗版者追踪技术不仅存在在大量用户和有限带 宽的限制条件下无法实现高效的进行识别码的嵌入问题，而且其在目前的 AHS 系统中也并不适用， 无法生成可支持追踪盗用者的媒体信息。
发明内容 有鉴于此，本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种媒体信息的生成方法、终端、 服务器及自适应流媒体 AHS( Adaptive HTTP Streaming ,自适应 HTTP流媒体 ) 系统， 以克服采用现有技术在 AHS服务系统中无法生成可支持追踪盗版者的 媒体信息的问题。
为实现上述目的， 本发明实施例提供如下技术方案：
一种媒体信息的生成方法， 包括：
将自适应流媒体 AHS产生的 m种码率的媒体码流分为 h组， 并生成码流 分组信息； 其中， 所述码率用于表示不同质量的码流， 所述码流由多个的码流 片段组成；
在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码，所述追踪码用于生成对应所述码流的 可追踪码流；
存储所述码流片段嵌入的追踪码和所述码流分组信息至媒体呈现描述文 件 MPD中， 生成可追踪的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD;
接收终端对媒体内容的请求， 将所述 TMPD发送给所述终端。
一种服务器， 包括：
自适应流媒体 AHS媒体码流单元， 用于产生 m种码率的媒体码流； 码流分组信息单元， 用于将自适应流媒体 AHS媒体码流单元产生的 m种 码率的媒体码流分为 h组， 并生成码流分组信息， 其中， 所述码率用于表示不 同质量的码流， 所述码流由多个的码流片段组成；
可追踪码流单元， 用于在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码， 所述追踪码用 于生成对应所述码流的可追踪码流； 带追踪码的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD单元， 用于将可追踪码流单元生成 的所述码流片段嵌入的追踪码，以及所述码流分组信息单元生成的所述码流分 组信息存储至媒体呈现描述文件 MPD 中， 生成可追踪的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD;
终端用户响应单元， 用于生成和存储终端识别码， 并接收终端对媒体内容 的请求， 将所述 TMPD发给所述终端。
一种终端， 包括：
终端用户识别码单元， 用于保存终端用户的终端识别码；
解析单元， 用于接收带追踪码的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD并对其进行解 析；
自适应切换单元， 用于依据所述终端识别码、 所述 TMPD的解析结果、 终端处理能力和 /或网络环境生成向服务器端反馈的码流请求信息。
一种自适应媒体系统 AHS, 包括： 上述的服务器和终端。
经由上述的技术方案可知， 与现有技术相比， 本发明实施例公开了一种媒 体信息的生成方法、 终端、 服务器及 AHS 系统。 通过将 AHS 系统产生的 m 种码率的媒体码流分成 h组，每组的码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码； 并将追踪码 和媒体码流分组信息存储到 MPD中， 在终端进行下载的过程中， 通过追踪码 实现对下载媒体数据的终端用户的追踪。通过上述过程能够生成携带追踪码的 媒体信息，即基于上述过程可生成支持追踪盗版者的媒体信息，能够实现 AHS 服务中盗版者追踪的问题。
附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍，显而易见地， 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创 造性劳动的前提下， 还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图 la为本发明实施例一公开的一种媒体信息的生成方法的流程图； 图 lb为本发明实施例一公开的另一种媒体信息的生成方法的流程图； 图 2为本发明实施例公开的 m种码率的媒体数据码流的结构示意图； 图 3为本发明执行实施例一公开的步骤 S101至步骤 S103的过程中产生的 码流示意图；
图 4为本发明实施例一中公开的码流请求信息在终端中生成的流程图； 图 5为本发明实施例二公开的一种媒体信息的生成方法的流程图； 图 6为本发明实施例二中公开的码流请求信息在终端中生成的流程图； 图 7为本发明实施例四公开的一种服务器端的结构示意图；
图 8为本发明实施例五公开的一种对应上述服务器端的终端结构示意图； 图 9为本发明实施例五公开的终端对选取的码流片段的处理流程图； 图 10为本发明实施例公开的一种 AHS系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 为了引用和清楚起见， 下文中使用的技术名词的说明、 筒写或缩写总结如 下：
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, 超文本传输协议；
AHS： Adaptive HTTP Streaming , 自适应 HTTP流媒体；
MPD: Media Presentation Description, 媒体呈现描述文件；
TMPD： Traceable Media Presentation Description , 可追踪的媒体呈现描述 文件。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
由背景技术可知，现有技术中的盗版者追踪技术都不适用于 AHS系统， 无 法解决 AHS系统中的盗版者追踪问题，根据该需求， 本发明实施例公开了一种 适用于 AHS系统中的盗版者追踪方法、 终端、 服务器以及 AHS系统。 具体内容 通过以下实施例进行详细说明。
本发明实施例的核心思想为： 在服务器端， 将 AHS系统产生的 m种码率的 媒体码流分成 h组， 每组的片段中分别嵌入追踪码； 并将追踪码和媒体码流分 组信息存储到 MPD中。 在终端， 当终端下载到 MPD之后， 根据终端自身的处 理能力， 以及当前的网络环境、 终端的识别码、 MPD中的追踪码和媒体码流 分组信息， 选择相应质量的媒体码流下载。 其中， 终端利用识别码决定下载到 的媒体码流的唯一性，当终端用户分发该媒体码流时可利用该媒体码流中的追 踪码确定执行分发的终端用户， 实现对终端用户的追踪。 实施例一
请参见附图 la,为本发明该实施例一公开的一种媒体信息的生成方法的流 程图， 主要包括以下步骤：
步骤 S101 , 服务器端将 AHS产生的 m种码率的媒体码流分为 h组， 并生成 码流分组信息。
在执行步骤 S101时， 在服务器端产生 m种码率的媒体数据码流， 这里的码 率相当于码流的质量。 如图 2示出的产生的码流结构， 对应 m种码率中至少包 括高质量码率、 中质量码率和低质量码率， 按照从高至低的质量排列， 分别对 应的 m种质量表示为： Q0, Q1, Q2, Qm-1 ; 其中， 每种码流可按照不同的时 间长度被切分成 n个片断， 在图 2中分别对应时间长度： TO, Τ1, Τ2, ..., Tn-1。
在对 m种码率的媒体数据码流进行分组的过程中，根据码流的质量 /码流相 近原则对 m种质量再次进行划分， 生成对应 h种质量的 h组， 且 h组中包含有对 应 m/h种码率的码流， 每条码流对应不同的码率。 其中， h大于或等于 1 , m表 示 m种不同的质量， m/h的取值为： 2X, x大于或等于 1。
针对 h组中的任意一组中所包含的 m/h种码率的码流， 可进一步划分为 n个 片段， 即每一条码流中包含 n个片段， 所述 n大于 0。 在本发明该实施例中取 n 为 6。
通过执行步骤 S101对 m种码率 （质量） 的媒体码流进行层层划分， 将 m个 码流分成 h组， 使每组中包含 m/h个码流（码流片段）。 通过上述进一步的细化 在之后嵌入追踪码的过程中， 能够更好的支持追踪功能。
步骤 S102, 在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码， 所述追踪码用于生成对 应所述码流的可追踪码流。
执行步骤 S102, 针对上述步骤 S101中划分的 h组码流。 每组码流片段中 分别嵌入各自对应的追踪码，该追踪码用于生成对应所述码流信息的可追踪码 流。 在进行嵌入追踪码的过程中， 同一组的不同码流中需嵌入不同的追踪码； 而针对每一组 m/h种码流中同一码率的码流中划分的不同的码流片段，各个码 流片段嵌入相同或不同的追踪码，所述每个码流片段所嵌入的追踪码的长度为 K, 其中， K=x , 该 X由码流分组决定。 另外， 嵌入方法可以采用水印算法执 行。
需要说明的是，上述每个码流或码流片段中嵌入的追踪码针对每一个码流 或码流片段都是唯一的。
步骤 S103 , 存储所述码流片段嵌入的追踪码和所述码流分组信息至 MPD 中， 生成可追踪的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD。
执行步骤 S103针对上述生成的可追踪码流存储至 MPD中， 生成带追踪 码的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD, —般情况下， 该 MPD中还包含媒体码流片断 的码率、 质量、 地址、 授权信息等相关信息， 这些相关信息都是可进行追踪的 信息。
需要说明的是， 为了进一步的提高安全性， 也可以先对上述步骤 S102中 生成的可追踪码流中的每个码流片段进行加密，之后再存储加密后的可追踪码 流的各个码流片段。 具体针对每个码流或码流片段可以采用不同的加密方式。
执行步骤 S103 , 将每个可追踪码流存储于 MPD中， 由于可追踪码流是对 应码流分组信息的， 因此， 实际上是将每个媒体码流片段对应的追踪码和码流 分组信息存储于 MPD中， 生成对应的 TMPD。 如下表 1所示， 为一个典型的 TMPD。
其中， segmentTraceCode (Ci), i=0 to n-1 , 表示码流片断对应的追踪码；
RepresentationGroupNumberk (Rk), k=0 to m-1 , 表示某一质量的码 对应的分 组。
例如， 针对执行上述步骤 S101 至步骤 S103 的过程中产生的码流如图 3 所示。 图 3中所示的第一种质量的码流（图 3中示出对应为第一行的码流）所 对应的码流片段， 其追踪码为： C0 = C1 = ...= Cn-l = '00Γ。
通常情况下， 对不同媒体片断的追踪码没有特殊要求， 因此， 也可以是： C0≠C1≠ ...≠Cn-l。 上述图 3中示出的结构为本发明中的结构优选项。
Figure imgf000008_0001
步骤 S104, 接收并依据终端用户对媒体内容的请求， 将携带有追踪码的 所述 TMPD反馈给终端。
在执行步骤 S104的过程中， 当接收到终端请求媒体内容的请求时， 服务 器端将携带有追踪码的所述 TMPD反馈给终端， 即将所请求的媒体内容对应 的 TMPD文件反馈给终端。
其中， TMPD只跟媒体内容有关， 其与终端无关， 不同的媒体内容可能对 应不同的 TMPD。 而向服务器端发送媒体内容的请求的终端用户， 其也都各自 对应有唯一的终端识别码。如果不同的终端请求的是同一个媒体内容， 则不同 的终端会收到相同的 TMPD。
针对终端识别码的来源，通常情况下， 终端其内部本身就存储有一个唯一 的识别其身份的终端识别码。 另外一种情况， 当终端本身不具有识别码， 当其 向服务器端请求媒体信息或媒体内容时，服务器端将依据已知的终端用户的信 息， 为发送请求的终端生成一个对应的、 唯一的标识其身份的终端识别码。
该终端识别码可以是二进制序列 （0或 1的序列 ), 长度应该不少于 L比 特。 当 L=32时， 该终端识别码的二进制序列的长度所支持的终端用户数需要 对应的识别码， 并存储在服务器端和 /或终端中。 终端用户的终端识别码也可 以在设备购买的时候预先写入；也可以在用户请求服务的时候通过网络传输并 写入终端。
本发明该实施例通过上述过程可生成具有可追踪性的媒体呈现描述文件
TMPD, 并在接收到终端对媒体内容的请求时， 将该其发送给终端。 在该基础 上， 本发明还进一步公开了终端接收到该 TMPD后发送码流请求信息的过程。 具体请参见附图 lb, 在附图 la的基础上还增加了步骤 S105和步骤 S106。
步骤 S105 , 获取由所述终端发送的码流请求信息， 所述码流请求信息由 所述终端依据所述终端的识别码和 TMPD的解析结果得到。 其中所述终端识 别码或其一部分与一追踪码一致。
在执行步骤 S105的过程中接收到终端反馈的码流请求信息， 该码流请求 信息在终端中生成的过程如图 4所示， 主要包括步骤 S201〜步骤 S204:
步骤 S201 , 终端依据当前的网络状态和 /或者终端能力信息确定所述终端 能够接收的正常码率。
步骤 S202, 终端根据接收到的 TMPD中的码率信息， 从 m个可追踪码率 中选取不大于且接近所述正常码率的可追踪码流，并获取所述可追踪码流所在 的码流分组， 即确定其位于 h组码流中的哪一组。
步骤 S203 , 在获取的码流分组中的码流中， 根据接收到的 TMPD中的追 踪码信息和终端的终端识别码信息，选取包含相同追踪码和终端识别码的码流 片段。 即选取的码流片段中包含的追踪码和终端识别码或其一部分信息一致。
步骤 S204, 终端将选取的码流片段的信息， 即码流片段对应的地址作为 请求信息反馈给服务器端。 其中， 码流片段对应的地址由 TMPD 中获取， 该 码流片段对应的地址为 TMPD中包含的码流在服务器端的存储地址。
执行上述步骤 S201〜步骤 S204之后会获取码流请求信息。
步骤 S106, 依据所述码流请求信息选择对应的可追踪码流中的所述码流 片段， 并将所述码流片段发送给所述终端。
在执行步骤 S106的过程中， 服务器端依据接收到终端反馈的码流请求信 息中的码流片段的地址进行查找，选择对应的具有可追踪性的码流片段，将其 发送给终端。 通过上述本发明实施例公开的方法， 当终端下载到 MPD之后， 根据终端 自身的处理能力， 以及当前的网络环境、 终端的识别码、 MPD 中的追踪码和 媒体码流分组信息， 选择相应质量的媒体码流下载。 其中， 终端利用识别码决 定下载到的媒体码流的唯一性，当终端用户分发该媒体码流时可利用该媒体码 流中的追踪码确定执行分发的终端用户， 实现对终端用户的追踪。 实施例二
请参见附图 5 , 为本发明该实施例二公开的一种媒体信息的生成方法的流 程图， 主要包括以下步骤：
步骤 S301 ,服务器端将 AHS产生的 m种码率的媒体码流分为 h组，并生 成对应的码流分组信息。
步骤 S302, 在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码， 所述追踪码用于生成对 应所述码流的可追踪码流。
上述步骤 S301 和步骤 S302 具体的执行过程与上述实施例一中的步骤 S101和步骤 S102基本一致， 可相互参见， 这里不再进行赘述。
步骤 S303 , 对所述可追踪码流中的每个码流片段进行加密。
执行步骤 S303对可追踪码流中的每个码流片段进行加密时， 具体针对每 个码流或码流片段可以采用不同的加密方式。
步骤 S304, 存储所述码流片段嵌入的追踪码和所述码流分组信息至 MPD 中， 生成可追踪的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD。
在步骤 S304中， 将码流分组信息， 以及每个码流片段中都进行加密的可 追踪码流的可追踪信息存储至 MPD中。一般情况下， MPD中包^某体码流的 码流片断的码率、 地址等信息。
例如， 如表 2所示出的 MPD：
其中， "Representation，，表示某一种质量的码流， "RepresentationLicense" 表示码流对应的授权信息（如解密信息）， "segmentQuality"表示码流片断的质 量或码率。
在对可追踪码流的码流中的码流片段进行加密之后， 执行步骤 S304, 将 每个媒体码流片段对应的追踪码和码流分组信息存储于 MPD中， 生成对应的 TMPD。 关于 TMPD的具体结构， 上述实施例一中给出了一典型的结构， 这里 不再赘述。 在本发明所公开的该实施例中， 为了提高安全性， 所提供的 TMPD 文件在进一步进行加密后， 才进行公开或者传输给终端。
表 2:
Element or Attribute Name
MPD
baseURL
Programlnformation
morelnformationURL
Period
baseURL
sourceUrlTemplatePeriod
Representatioiij (i=0 to m-1)
RepresentationLicensei (L^ =0 to m-1)
Figure imgf000011_0001
步骤 S305 , 接收并依据终端用户对媒体内容的请求， 将加密后的所述 TMPD反馈给终端。
该步骤 S305的接收与反馈的过程与上述实施例一中公开的步骤 S204相 同， 这里不再进行赘述。
步骤 S306, 获取由所述终端依据终端识别码和 TMPD的解析结果进行自 适应码流切换后， 反馈的码流请求信息。
在本发明所公开的该实施例中对 TMPD进行了加密， 因此， 在步骤 S206 中由服务器端获取的终端反馈的码流请求信息，该码流请求信息在终端中获取 的过程如图 6所示， 主要包括：
步骤 S401 , 终端依据当前的网络状态和 /或者终端对媒体数据的处理能力 确定终端当前能够接收的码流的正常码率。
其中，媒体数据的处理能力通常情况下是通过读取终端的硬件设置信息获 取；当前的网络状态是指网络的带宽状况，其可以通过读取网络配置信息获取。 在确定终端当前能够接收的码流的正常码率，可以采用两种方式进行：一种为， 通过上述两种状况中的一种确定终端当前能够接收的码流的正常码率；另一种 为，通过比较上述两种状况， 以其中较小或较低的状况确定终端当前能够接收 的码流的正常码率。
步骤 S402,终端对接收到的 TMPD进行解密， 然后解析其中包含的参数。 其解析的方式可筒单表述为： 依据参数标识提取参数及其对应的数值。
步骤 S403 , 终端根据接收到的 TMPD中的码率信息， 从 m个可追踪码流 中选取不大于且最接近所述正常码率的可追踪码流，并获取该可追踪码流所在 的码流分组， 即确定其位于 h组码流中的哪一组。
步骤 S404, 在获取的码流分组中的码流中， 根据接收到的 TMPD中的追 踪码信息和终端的终端识别码信息，选取包含与终端识别码相同的追踪码的码 流片段， 即选取的码流片段中包含的追踪码和终端识别码或其一部分信息一 致。
步骤 S405 , 终端将选取的码流片段的信息， 即码流片段对应的地址作为 请求信息反馈给服务器端。 其中， 码流片段对应的地址由 TMPD 中获取， 该 码流片段对应的地址为 TMPD中包含的码流在服务器端的存储地址。
执行上述步骤 S401〜步骤 S405之后会获取码流请求信息。
步骤 S307,依据所述码流请求信息选择对应的可追踪码流中的码流片段， 并将所述码流片段发送给所述终端。
上述过程与本发明实施例一中公开的过程基本一致， 可以相互参照。
通过上述过程， 同样可以将 AHS系统产生的 m种码率的媒体码流分成 h 组，在每组码流的码流片段中分别嵌入不同的追踪码； 并将追踪码和媒体码流 分组信息存储到 MPD中， 在终端进行下载的过程中， 通过追踪码实现对下载 媒体数据的终端用户的追踪。 通过上述过程能够生成携带追踪码的媒体信息， 即基于上述过程可生成支持追踪盗版者的媒体信息， 能够实现 AHS服务中盗 版者追踪的问题。
同时， 对进行传输的 TMPD进行加密可以进一步的提高传输过程中的安 全性能。
另外需要说明的是， 上述实施例一和实施例二中在服务器端可以采用 HTTP下载的方式将 TMPD传输给终端。 实施例三
基于上述本发明公开的实施例一和实施例二生成的可追踪的媒体信息，当 终端将接收的媒体信息进行非法转发、 上载、 分发时， 其实际上为非法转发。 尤其是当终端将该媒体信息传播至公共网络中造成大面积传播时，将会造成服 务器端的损失。但该服务器端基于上述本发明公开的实施例一和实施例二生成 的可追踪的媒体信息可实现对盗版者的追踪，即对非法传播媒体信息的终端进 行追踪， 确定非法传播的信息是由哪一个终端进行非法传播的。 因此， 当服务 器端在其他终端或网络上检测到所述媒体码流时， 其具体追踪盗版者的过程 为：
首先， 截取所述媒体码流中的可追踪码流中的码流片段。
其次， 依据嵌入所述码流片段内的追踪码确定终端识别码。
最后，按照所述终端识别码追踪，获取非法进行分发所述媒体码流的终端。 在执行上述过程中其依据为：上述实施例一和实施例二中公开的在可追踪 码流片段内各自嵌入追踪码可知， 由于该追踪码与接收终端的终端识别码一 致， 因此可以从该可追踪码流片段内嵌入的追踪码获知对应的终端识别码； 最 终， 服务器端可以根据该终端识别码查找到对应其的唯一的终端。 由此， 可以 确定非法进行分发该媒体码流或媒体信息的盗版者 （终端）。
通过上述过程，基于本发明实施例一和实施例二中生成的可追踪的媒体信 息，通过其中的追踪码实现对下载媒体数据的终端用户的追踪。 当其进行盗版 传播时，还能够实现对盗版者的追踪， 即实现 AHS服务中盗版者追踪的问题， 降低了服务器端的损失。 实施例四
针对本发明公开的上述实施例中详细描述的媒体信息的生成方法，本发明 例进行详细说明。
请参见附图 7所示， 为本发明实施例公开的一种服务器端的结构示意图， 主要包括： AHS媒体码流单元 101、 码流分组信息单元 102、 可追踪码流单元 103、 带追踪码的 TMPD单元 104、 终端用户响应单元 105、 获取单元 106和 发送单元 107。 AHS媒体码流单元 101 , 用于产生 m种码率的媒体码流。 其中， 所述 m 种码率至少包括高质量码率、 中质量码率和低质量码率。具体的内容可参见本 申请实施例一和实施例二中的相关内容。
码流分组信息单元 102, 用于将 AHS媒体码流单元 101产生的 m种码率 的媒体码流分为 h组， 并生成码流分组信息。
其中， 所述码率用于表示不同质量的码流， 所述码流由多个的码流片段组 成。具体为所述 h组中包含有对应 m/h种码率的码流，每条码流对应不同的码 率； 所述码流包含 n个片段， 所述 h大于或等于 1 , 所述 n大于或等于 1。
需要说明的是， 该码流分组信息单元 102依据码流的质量 /码流相近原则 划分组， 每组中包含 m/h种码流， 其中， m表示 m种不同的质量， m/h的取 值为： 2X, X大于或等于 1。
可追踪码流单元 103 , 用于在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码， 所述追踪 码用于生成对应所述码流分组信息的可追踪码流。
需要说明的是， 可追踪码流单元 103在执行嵌入追踪码时，在同一组的不 同码流中嵌入不同的追踪码。
其中，针对每一组 m/h种码流中同一码率的码流中划分的不同片段，各个 片段嵌入相同或不同的追踪码， 所述每个片段所嵌入的追踪码的长度为 K=x, 该 X由码流分组决定。
带追踪码的 TMPD单元 104,用于将可追踪码流单元 103生成的所述码流 片段嵌入的追踪码，以及所述码流分组信息单元 102生成的所述码流分组信息 存储至媒体呈现描述文件 MPD中， 生成 TMPD。
终端用户响应单元 105, 用于生成和存储终端识别码， 并接收终端用户对 媒体内容的请求， 将携带有追踪码的所述 TMPD发给终端。
该终端用户响应单元 105中主要包括： 第一接收模块、生成和存储模块和 反馈模块。
第一接收模块， 用于接收终端用户对媒体内容的请求；
生成和存储模块， 用于当终端没有终端识别码时，依据所述终端请求中携 带的用户注册信息等有效信息生成对应所述终端的唯一终端识别码；
反馈模块， 用于将携带有追踪码的 TMPD反馈给终端。
获取单元 106,用于获取由所述终端依据终端识别码和 TMPD的解析结果 进行自适应码流切换后， 反馈的码流请求信息。
发送单元 107, 用于依据所述码流请求信息选择对应的可追踪码流中的码 流片段， 并将该码流片段发送至终端。
在该发送单元 107中包括： 第二接收模块和发送模块。
第二接收模块， 用于接收所述码流请求信息， 所述码流请求信息中至少包 含码流的地址；
发送模块， 用于将所述码流请求信息（码流地址）对应的可追踪码流片段 发送至所述终端。
需要说明的是， 为了进一步提高传输过程中的安全性，在该服务器端中还 可以增加一加密单元， 该加密单元用于对 MPD 文件加密， 使其生成加密的 TMPD文件， 并进行存储和 /或传输。 具体的， 该加密单元用于对存储至 MPD 中的所述可追踪码流中的每个所述码流片段进行加密。
上述各个单元和模块中的具体执行过程都可参见上述实施例一和实施例 二中对应部分记载的内容。 体码流分成 h组，每组码流的码流片段中分别嵌入不同的追踪码； 并将追踪码 和媒体码流分组信息存储到 MPD中， 在终端进行下载的过程中， 通过追踪码 实现对下载媒体数据的终端用户的追踪。通过上述过程能够生成携带追踪码的 媒体信息，即基于上述过程可生成支持追踪盗版者的媒体信息，能够实现 AHS 服务中盗版者追踪的问题。 实施例五 意图， 主要包括： 终端用户识别码单元 201、 解析单元 202和自适应切换单元 203。 上述单元在终端中可以统称安全模块入。
终端用户识别码单元 201 , 用于保存终端用户的终端识别码。 该终端识别 码可以通过随机数产生的方法生成。该终端用户识别码单元 201中的终端识别 码可以在设备购买的时候预先写入；也可以在用户请求服务的时候通过网络传 输并写入终端。
解析单元 202, 用于接收 TMPD并对其进行解析。 自适应切换单元 203 , 用于依据终端识别码、 TMPD的解析结果、 终端处 理能力 /网络环境进行自适应码流切换。 通过这个切换模块选择相应的码流片 段。
另外， 在本发明实施例公开的终端中还包括： 媒体数据接收和播放单元 204, 用于接收服务器端发送的码流片段， 并播放其对应的媒体内容。
上述自适应切换单元 203中主要包括： 确定模块、 第一选取模块、 第二选 取模块和请求模块。
确定模块， 用于依据所述网络状态和 /或终端对媒体数据的处理能力的信 息确定当前终端能够接收的正常码率。
其中，媒体数据的处理能力通常情况下是通过读取终端的硬件设置信息获 取；当前的网络状态是指网络的带宽状况，其可以通过读取网络配置信息获取。 在确定终端当前能够接收的码流的正常码率，可以采用两种方式进行：一种为， 通过上述两种状况中的一种确定终端当前能够接收的码流的正常码率；另一种 为，通过比较上述两种状况， 以其中较小或较低的状况确定终端当前能够接收 的码流的正常码率。
第一选取模块， 用于依据所述 TMPD中解析出的码率信息， 从 m个可追 踪码流中选取不大于且最接近所述正常码率的可追踪码流，并获取该追踪码流 所在的码流分组。 即从 m个可追踪码率中选取具有与所述正常码率相同， 或 者最接近码率的可追踪码流， 并确定其位于 h组码流中的哪一组。 其属于 h 组中的一个。
第二选取模块， 用于在获取的的码流分组的码流中， 即选取包含与终端识 别码或其一部分信息相同的追踪码的码流片段。
请求模块， 用于将所述码流片段的信息， 即该码流片段对应的地址作为码 流请求信息发至服务器端。 其中 ， 该码流对应的地址为 TMPD内含码流在服 务器端的存储地址。
另外， 对应上述进行 TMPD加密的服务器端， 在本发明该实施例中公开 的终端中也可以在解析单元之前增加一解密单元。
该解密单元， 用于当接收到的 TMPD被加密时， 对所述 TMPD进行解密 后发送给所述解析单元 202进行解析。
在该实施例中仅筒单描述了解析 TMPD和进行自适应切换的过程， 具体 详细的内容可以分别参见上述方法的实施例一和实施例二， 这里不再赘述。 其 自适应切换的过程仅以一示例进行说明：
首先， 根据当前的网络状态和 /或终端对媒体数据的处理能力的信息确定 当前终端能够接收的正常码率为 B。
其次，依据上述表 1示出的 TMPD文件中的 SegmentQuality(Q) ,在 TMPD 的 m种质量的码流中选择最接近 B, 并且不大于 B的那一个， 假设为 QB; 再 从 h个码流分组中确定一个可选择的分组， 该分组通过查询 TMPD文件来获 得。 即在 TMPD文件中， 选择满足 SegmentQuality(Q)= QB的码流所对应的参 数 RepresentationGroupNumber。 此处, 假设为 RB。
其次， 通过码流分组号 RB找到对应的码流组（m/h个码流片断）， 通过比 较如下终端用户的终端识别码和码流片断的追踪码来确定需要选择的码流片 断。 其中， 码流片断的追踪码通过 TMPD查找获得。 选择的原则是终端识别 码和追踪码相同。
当终端用户的识别码的长度 L与码流片断的追踪码的长度 K不同时， 将 识别码分成 L/K组， 每组 K个比特来参与比较。 这样， 要完成一个识别码的 追踪， 仅需要连续 L/K个码流片断。
通过上述过程将获得应选取的码流片段的下载地址，然后从服务器端下载 相应的码流片段进行播放。 筒单可以归纳如图 9示出的过程： 301确定码流一 302确定码流分组一 303确定码流片段一下载或解密， 播放码流片段。
基于上述本发明实施例四和实施例五所公开的服务器端和终端的基础上， 如图 10所示本发明实施例还公开了一种 AHS系统，其中主要包括上述实施例 四和实施例五中所公开的服务器 1和终端 2。
另外。 本发明上述所公开的方法、 服务器和终端并不仅限于 AHS系统， 同样还适应于，如基于网络带宽、终端处理能力媒体内容的分发，包括视频（如 互联网视频）、 音频 （如 VoIP、 数字音乐 mp3 ), 并支持对上述分发过的内容 的终端的可追踪性。 综上所述：
本发明通过公开的将 m种码率的媒体码流分成 h组， 每组码流的码流片 段中分别嵌入不同的追踪码；并将追踪码和媒体码流分组信息存储到 MPD中， 在终端进行下载的过程中， 通过追踪码实现对下载媒体数据的终端用户的追 踪。 即由于该追踪码与接收终端的终端识别码一致，通过基于上述过程可生成 支持追踪盗版者的媒体信息， 能够实现 AHS服务中盗版者追踪的问题。
此外， 对进行传输的 TMPD进行加密可以进一步的提高传输过程中的安 全性能。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是 与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于 实施例公开的装置而言， 由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应， 所以描述的比较 筒单， 相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接用硬件、处 理器执行的软件模块， 或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器 ( RAM；)、内存、只读存储器（ ROM )、电可编程 ROM、电可擦除可编程 ROM, 寄存器、 硬盘、 可移动磁盘、 CD-ROM, 或技术领域内所公知的任意其它形式 的存储介质中。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本 发明。 对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见 的， 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下， 在 其它实施例中实现。 因此， 本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例， 而 是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种媒体信息的生成方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
将自适应流媒体 AHS产生的 m种码率的媒体码流分为 h组， 并生成码流 分组信息； 其中， 所述码率用于表示不同质量的码流， 所述码流由多个的码流 片段组成；
在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码，所述追踪码用于生成对应所述码流的 可追踪码流；
存储所述码流片段嵌入的追踪码和所述码流分组信息至媒体呈现描述文 件 MPD中， 生成可追踪的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD;
接收终端对媒体内容的请求， 将所述 TMPD发送给所述终端。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述将所述 TMPD发送 给所述终端之后， 还包括：
获取由所述终端发送的码流请求信息，所述码流请求信息由所述终端依据 所述终端的识别码和所述 TMPD的解析结果得到； 其中， 所述终端的识别码 或所述终端的识别码的一部分与所述 TMPD中的一个追踪码一致；
依据所述码流请求信息选择对应的所述可追踪码流中的所述码流片段，并 将所述码流片段发送至所述终端。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述将 AHS产生的 m 种码率的媒体码流分为 h组的过程具体包括：
依据码流的质量 /码流相近原则划分， 每组中包含 m/h种码流， 其中， m 表示 m种不同的质量， m/h的取值为： 2X, x大于或等于 1。
4、 根据权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述在所述码 流片段中分别嵌入追踪码包括：
在每个所述码流片段中嵌入长度为 K的追踪码， 该 K由码流分组决定； 在相同分组中不同码率的所述码流片段中嵌入不同的所述追踪码。
5、 根据权利要求 1~4中任意一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 当在终端上 检测到所述媒体码流时：
截取所述媒体码流中的所述可追踪码流中的所述码流片段；
依据嵌入所述码流片段内的追踪码获得终端识别码；
按照所述终端识别码追踪， 获取非法进行分发所述媒体码流的终端。
6、 根据权利要求 2~5中任意一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在将所述码 流片段发送至所述终端之前还包括：
对所述可追踪码流中的每个所述码流片段进行加密。
7、 一种服务器， 其特征在于， 包括：
自适应流媒体 AHS媒体码流单元， 用于产生 m种码率的媒体码流； 码流分组信息单元， 用于将自适应流媒体 AHS媒体码流单元产生的 m种 码率的媒体码流分为 h组， 并生成码流分组信息， 其中， 所述码率用于表示不 同质量的码流， 所述码流由多个的码流片段组成；
可追踪码流单元， 用于在所述码流片段中分别嵌入追踪码， 所述追踪码用 于生成对应所述码流的可追踪码流；
带追踪码的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD单元， 用于将可追踪码流单元生成 的所述码流片段嵌入的追踪码，以及所述码流分组信息单元生成的所述码流分 组信息存储至媒体呈现描述文件 MPD 中， 生成可追踪的媒体呈现描述文件
TMPD;
终端用户响应单元， 用于生成和存储终端识别码， 并接收终端对媒体内容 的请求， 将所述 TMPD发给所述终端。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 还包括：
获取单元， 用于获取由所述终端发送的码流请求信息， 所述码流请求信息 由所述终端依据所述终端的识别码和所述 TMPD的解析结果得到； 其中， 所 述终端的识别码或所述终端的识别码的一部分与所述 TMPD 中的一个追踪码 一致；
发送单元，用于依据所述码流请求信息选择对应的所述可追踪码流中的所 述码流片段， 并将所述码流片段发送至终端。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 所述码流分组信息单元 依据码流的质量 /码流相近原则划分组， 每组中包含 m/h种码流， 其中， m表 示 m种不同的质量， m/h的取值为： 2X, x大于或等于 1。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 可追踪码流单元在执行 嵌入追踪码时， 在所述每个码流片段中所嵌入长度为 K的追踪码， 该 K由码 流分组决定； 在相同分组中不同码率的所述码流片段中嵌入不同的所述追踪 码。
11、根据权利要求 7~10中任意一项所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 还包括： 加密单元， 用于对所述可追踪码流中的每个所述码流片段进行加密。
12、 一种终端， 其特征在于， 包括：
终端用户识别码单元， 用于保存终端用户的终端识别码；
解析单元， 用于接收带追踪码的媒体呈现描述文件 TMPD并对其进行解 自适应切换单元， 用于依据所述终端识别码、 所述 TMPD的解析结果、 终端处理能力和 /或网络环境生成向服务器端反馈的码流请求信息。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述自适应切换单元包 括：
确定模块， 用于依据所述网络状态和 /或终端能力信息确定所述终端能够 接收的正常码率；
第一选取模块， 用于依据所述 TMPD中解析出的码率信息， 从 m个可追 踪码流中选取不大于且最接近所述正常码率的所述可追踪码流，并获取所述可 追踪码流所在的码流分组；
第二选取模块， 用于在获取的所述码流分组的码流中，选取包含所述终端 识别码或与其一部分信息一致的追踪码信息的码流片段；
请求模块，用于将选取所述码流片段的信息作为码流请求信息发至服务器 端。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的终端， 其特征在于， 还包括：
解密单元， 用于当接收到的所述 TMPD被加密时， 对所述 TMPD进行解 密后发送给所述解析单元进行解析。
15、 一种自适应媒体系统 AHS, 其特征在于， 包括： 权利要求 7~11中所 述的任意一种服务器， 以及权利要求 12~14中任意一项所述的终端。
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US10044784B2 (en) 2018-08-07
CN102710603B (zh) 2014-10-08
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