Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
  • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
  • F02C7/275—Mechanical drives
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N13/00—Starting of engines, or driving of starting apparatus by use of explosives, e.g. stored in cartridges
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
  • F02N15/10—Safety devices not otherwise provided for
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
  • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
  • F02C7/27—Fluid drives
  • F02C7/272—Fluid drives generated by cartridges
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and an emergency starting system of an energy generating architecture in critical situations where the dedicated engine is stopped or insufficient to meet the needs.
• - pneumatic starters comprising a torque converter device (epicyclic gear train or stepped gear box) and a pressurized gas tank; and
• Hydraulic starters consist of a pressurized fluid generator coupled to a pressurized fluid reservoir.
• Pneumatic and hydraulic starters have drawbacks related to their mass and their size. In addition, periodic checks of envelopes and replacement of pressure vessels are necessary.
• the restart in flight of a turbine engine is provided by an electric starter powered by the onboard network or a backup battery.
• this technology is expensive: presence of permanent magnets, transverse flux, planar architecture, etc.
• it requires an electronic device for monitoring the load and a periodic change of battery.
• the emergency situations that may arise in the applications envisaged above, require to have reaction time of the order of a few seconds, in particular two to three seconds, or even less than the second, to ensure an emergency start or restart with a sufficient margin of safety.
• the invention aims to provide emergency starters allowing a reactivity of this order of magnitude, namely a few seconds, without having the disadvantages associated with the mass and size of the emergency hydraulic or emergency starters evoked above.
• the present invention proposes to couple an instantaneous thrust of pyrotechnic type gas with a volumetric transmission generator in connection with an automatic coupling / decoupling on the architecture to start.
• the subject of the present invention is an emergency starting method of an energy generating architecture in which, an emergency starting situation of the architecture being detected, at least one combustion generator pyrotechnic gas is triggered. Gases under pressure are then generated by this combustion and directly injected into a volumetric gear motor preferably straight. Part of these gases then drive the gears of the engine in rotation and, simultaneously, the portion of the remaining gases projects, against a restoring force, a coupling connection between the engine and the architecture.
• the connector ensures the transmission of energy by rotational drive of a volumetric motor gear shaft on a tree receiving the architecture. When the thrust becomes lower than the restoring force, it automatically pushes back the connectors and the architecture is disconnected from the volumetric motor.
• the remaining gases are injected into the volumetric motor peripherally around the longitudinal axis so that the coupling connection causes, by radial compression, the rotation drive of the tree of the architecture to be started;
• the remaining gases are injected into the volumetric motor centrally along the longitudinal axis so that the coupling connections cause, by conical coupling, the rotation drive of a tree of the architecture to be started by compression axial and radial;
• the return force is generated by means chosen between the elastic force, the electromagnetic force and the expansion of a compressed fluid.
• the invention also relates to an emergency starting system of an energy generating architecture capable of implementing the above method.
• This system comprises at least one pyrotechnic gas generator connected to an electric initiator which is itself connected to a computer, a volumetric motor comprising a housing defining an internal space housing spur gears, the pyrotechnic gas generator being coupled to the motor by an input crankcase.
• the motor comprises a connection means, adapted to move at one end of a transmission shaft centered on a gear axis of the positive displacement motor, so as to be able to couple this transmission shaft to a shaft receiving the architecture via a clutch. centrifugal.
• a return means arranged in abutment is able to exert a restoring force against the pressure exerted on the connection means.
• each volumetric motor is sized to provide a power of about 40 kW for about 2.5 seconds for each injection of pyrotechnic gas, with a reaction time of about 0.5 seconds.
• the system is dimensioned and qualified to allow a nominal use in the temperature range of -30 to + 50 ° C, which range can extend to the qualification limit temperatures of surrounding equipment, for example the order of 135 ° C for the extreme environments mentioned above.
• the ambient operating pressure is between about 60 and 1 10 kPa. According to preferred embodiments:
• annular space formed in an extension of the casing on the periphery of the drive shaft of the volumetric motor, communicates with said internal space to allow an injection of a part of the gases from the combustion of the pyrotechnic gas to the means of connection;
• this connecting means being composed of an annular piston, able to move in translation under the thrust of the gas, along the engine transmission shaft, to exert a pressure on a ferrule able to deviate radially under this pressure and drive the centrifugal friction clutch;
• the second connection element is composed of at least one portion of open annular ferrule whose radial spacing is made by sliding along a conical portion of the engine transmission shaft;
• a conduit connected to the gas inlet of the housing communicates with a central bore of the transmission shaft to allow a flow of a portion of the gas from the pyrotechnic gas generator to the connecting means;
• this connection means being composed of a conical piston adapted to move in translation, under the thrust of the gas, along the axis of the engine transmission shaft to fit in a conical bore, integral with the centrifugal clutch to train him by friction;
• the electrical initiator is constituted by an electronic box comprising an autonomous source of electrical energy, and an electronic control board integrating a thermosensitive component and a microcontroller for managing the electrical source, the thermosensitive component, functional self-tests and alarms for triggering an ignition cartridge of the pyrotechnic gas generator;
• the gears of the positive displacement motor are sprockets with straight teeth
• the volumetric motor is two-stage, a first stage is coupled downstream to a second stage mounted in tandem, the first motor being a spur gear motor or a vane motor, the gas outlet of the first motor being connected to the first stage; a gas inlet of the second motor which may be substantially larger than the first motor, the central or transmission shaft of the first motor being mounted on the secondary shaft of the second motor; -
• the architecture is a turbomachine having a HP high pressure body shaft
• the receiving shaft is selected from an accessory box shaft mounted on the body HP, a bell secured to a pinion of the accessory box and used as a centrifugal clutch, and the HP body shaft;
• the receiving shaft is the pole shaft released during a short circuit;
• the receiving shaft is a mechanical control tool shaft (valve, rack, robot, pump, moderator grid); in the case of a thermodynamic engine architecture with a Stirling cycle or Ericsson or equivalent, comprising a heat exchanger assembly and a variable angular setting circuit, the receiving shaft is the control shaft of the exchanger assembly thermal and electronic box incorporates an additional function of angular wedging adapted during the isochoric phases of the heating and condensation cycle of the thermodynamic engine cycle.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a first example of a volumetric motor of the emergency starting system according to the invention
• FIGS. 2a and 2b diagrammatic views in longitudinal section of the volumetric motor according to FIG. 1, before and after the pyrotechnic gas projection;
• FIGS. 3a to 3c perspective views, in cross-section along BB and in longitudinal section along CC of another example of a volumetric motor of the emergency starting system according to the invention
• FIG. 7b a sectional view of a two-stage volumetric motor, comprising a roller motor coupled to a spur gear motor;
• FIG. 8b the mounting of this volumetric motor on a bell integral with a pinion of the accessory box according to FIG. 8a; in FIG. 8c, the mounting of this volumetric motor directly on the HP body shaft of the turbomachine according to FIG. 8a.
• cross section refers to a view in a plane perpendicular to the so-called longitudinal axis of the motors which extend mainly along such an axis.
• longitudinal section designates a sectional view along said longitudinal axis.
• qualifiers “upper” or “lower” refer to relative locations of wall or face of a device disposed in the standard position of use.
• identical reference signs refer to identical elements as described in the corresponding passages.
• a first example of a volumetric motor 1 of an emergency starting system comprises a casing 2 defining an internal space E1 housing two toothed gears. 3a and 3b right, able to rotate in opposite directions of rotation (arrows Ra and Rb) around transmission shafts 4a and 4b.
• the housing 2 has two opposite side walls 2L and 2L 'substantially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal plane II-II.
• a gas inlet 21 and a gas outlet 22 respectively formed on the walls 2L and 2L ' have a same axis A2 which extends substantially perpendicular to the walls 2L and 2L', halfway between the gears 3a and 3b .
• a connecting pipe 2C is fixed in the gas inlet 21 and in the heart of a pyrotechnic gas generator 5 to allow the combustion gases to be propelled into the engine 1.
• This gas generator 5 contains a propellant block 51 in connection with an ignition cartridge 52.
• the housing 2 of the motor 1 and the shaft 4b of the pinion 3b extend longitudinally along the transmission shaft 4b X'X gear axis for receiving a shaft 6 of an energy generating architecture to restart.
• the receiving shaft 6 passes through the transmission shaft 4b and is secured, out of the shaft 4b on a centrifugal cylindrical clutch 7.
• the centrifugal clutch 7 covers moving annular parts - a piston 8a, a ferrule 8b and a support 8c - for connection in rotation between the transmission shaft 4b and the clutch 7.
• the transmission shaft 4b is mounted on bearings P1 and P2 in the cylindrical extensions 20a and 20b of the housing 2, and the shaft 4a of the pinion 3a is mounted in the housing 2 by a mechanism 40 with balls and elastic blades.
• the transmission shaft 4b has at the end a conical portion 41 on which rests the ferrule 8b of complementary frustoconical shape.
• annular space E2 formed in the extension 20a of the housing 2, at the periphery of the transmission shaft 4b, communicates at one end with the internal space E1 of the engine 1 and at the other end with a radial space E3 closed by the lateral face 8F of the piston 8a.
• the clutch is rotated by friction and simultaneously rotates the receiving shaft 6 of the architecture to start.
• the return spring 9 exerts a force sufficient to push the ferrule 8b in the opposite direction of the arrow F1 and the contact of this ferrule with the clutch 7 is broken: the receiving shaft 6 is instantly disengaged.
• the displacement motor 100 is externally as the previous volumetric motor with a housing 120 having two side walls 20L and 20L 'and a centrifugal clutch 170 mounted on the cylindrical extension 120a of the housing around a transmission shaft (see Figure 3c).
• a flange 130 is mounted on this cylindrical extension 120a via a ring 12B to allow the attachment of the motor to a casing of the architecture to be restarted.
• a gas inlet 121 appears on the so-called upper wall 12S of the casing 120.
• the housing 120 defines an inner space E1 1 housing - in shirts 124 - the two pinion teeth 3a and 3b of the previous example, adapted to rotate in opposite directions of rotation (arrows Ra and Rb) around transmission shafts 40a and 40b.
• the incoming gases (arrows F8) are separated by a deflector 125 and the jackets have openings 126 to circulate the gases in the internal space E1 1.
• the transmission shaft 40b has a central bore 4A which is capable of driving part of the combustion gases.
• the two opposite side walls 20L and 20L 'of the housing 120 are substantially symmetrical.
• the gas inlet 121 and the outlet of the gases 122 respectively formed on the so-called upper and lower walls, respectively 12S and 121, have the same axis of symmetry A2 which extends in a median plane Pm, parallel to the walls 20L and 20L.
• the gases are evacuated (arrow F10) via the openings 126.
• Figure 3c in longitudinal section along CC of Figure 3a), it appears that the means for connection in rotation between the transmission shaft 40b - mounted on the bearings P3 and P4 - and the clutch Centrifugal 170 is constituted by a conical piston 18 and a corresponding conical recess 18L, formed in an annular piece 19 secured to the centrifugal clutch 170.
• a helical spring 90 is arranged in a bore 180 of the piston 18, along a rod 42 coming from a stop 43 secured to the end of the transmission shaft 40b.
• the spring 90 extends between the abutment 43 and a shoulder 181 formed at the bottom of the bore 180 of the piston 18.
• a pipe 140 having a longitudinal portion 14L and a radial portion 14R, connects the gas inlet 121 of the housing 120 to the central bore 4A of the transmission shaft 40b.
• the return spring 90 exerts a force sufficient to push the piston 18 in the opposite direction of the arrow F6 and the contact of the piston with the piece 19 secured to the clutch 170 is broken: a tree receiving the architecture to start, in conjunction with the clutch 170 is then disengaged.
• FIG. 4 The overview of an example of an emergency starting system 10 according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4.
• This system comprises an electronic box 3, a pyrotechnic generator 5 and the volumetric motor 100. More precisely , the electronic box 3 is connected via an electrical conduit 1 1 to the ignition cartridge 52 of the pyrotechnic generator 5, itself connected to the input 121 of the motor 100 via a rigid metal conduit 12.
• the control unit 3 is connected to the computer (not shown) of the architecture to start, a turbomachine in the example, via an electrical conduit 13. Connectors 14 fixed by screws 15 provide the connection of the ducts 1 1 to 13, the electronic box 3, the pyrotechnic generator 5 and the volumetric motor 100.
• This engine 100 comprises a centrifugal clutch 170 in connection with the transmission shaft 40b to drive a tree of the architecture to start.
• the electronic housing 3 houses a battery 31 as a source of autonomous electrical energy, and an electronic control card 32.
• This card includes a thermosensitive component 33 and a microcontroller 34 management of the battery 31, the thermosensitive component 33 and functional self-tests and alarms triggering the ignition cartridge 52 of the pyrotechnic generator 5.
• the conductors 1 1 and 13 are mounted on the housing 3 to using the connectors 14.
• the tripping alarms include the alarms on potential fire detection, triggered by the thermosensitive component 33, and the alarms controlled by the computer based on data provided by speed sensors or temperature probes.
• the electronic card 32 includes a temperature measuring component 35 managed by the microcontroller 34 to monitor the high temperature values and allow the computer to establish the service life without degradation of operating reliability.
• FIG. 6 A sectional view of the pyrotechnic generator 5 is further illustrated in Figure 6.
• This generator consists of a metal body 53 in which the propellant block 51 is arranged on shims 54. An inhibitor layer 55 surrounds laterally block 51.
• a metal cap 56 is secured to the body 53 to provide a hermetic seal.
• the cartridge ignition 52 is screwed into a channel 57 formed in the cover 56 and closed by a nozzle 57a capable of melting above a preset temperature.
• the propellant combustion gases ignited by the cartridge 52 exit through a cap 58a of a tuned nozzle 58 in connection with the metal conduit 12 which leads to the volumetric motor 100 (see Figure 4).
• FIGS. 7a and 7b show in section a two-stage volumetric motor, comprising respectively two spur gear motors 101 and 102 (FIG. 7a), for example of the motor type 100, a roller or vane motor 200 (seen in section) and the spur gear motor 102 (FIG. 7b).
• the gases released by a pyrotechnic generator are propelled to the input 121 or 221 of the first stage (arrows F7), consisting respectively of the right gear motor 101 ( Figure 7a) or the roller motor or vane 200 ( Figure 1b), coupled downstream to a second stage mounted in tandem, consisting of the spur gear motor 102.
• the gases are projected to the input 121 (arrows F8) and to the inside (arrows F9) of the second motor 102 through the shirts 124.
• the second motor 102 is advantageously larger than the first motor 101 or 200 to prevent a blockage of the first motor.
• the transmission shaft 400 or central 600 of the first motor, respectively 101 or 200, is mounted in the secondary shaft 300 of the second motor 102 (arrows Ft), the transmission shaft 500 of the second motor driving the drive. architecture to restart.
• the gases exit through the outlet 122 of the second motor 102 (arrows F10).
• the architecture to be started urgently is a turbine engine having an HP body shaft
• mounting examples of volumetric motors 1 or 100 of the system according to the invention are illustrated in Figures 8a to 8c.
• the receiving shaft introduced into the transmission shaft 4b of the positive displacement motor 1 is a shaft 61 of the accessory box 71 mounted on the body HP 80 of the turbomachine 81.
• the accessory box 71 is equipped with an electric starter 91, which is a redundant emergency starting element.
• the receiving shaft 62 of the turbomachine 81 is mounted on a bell integral with a pinion of the accessory box 71.
• the bell is the centrifugal clutch 170 of the volumetric motor 100.
• the receiving shaft introduced into the transmission shaft 4b of the volumetric motor 1 is directly the HP shaft 82 of the HP 80 body of the turbomachine 81.
• roller rotors can be used in coupling with guide grooves in the axial flanges.
• the receiving shaft is the control shaft of the heat exchanger assembly and the electronic unit incorporates an additional angular setting function adapted during the isochoric phases of the thermodynamic engine cycle of heating and condensation of the cycle.
• the number of lobes or teeth of the gears can of course vary, for example from 2 to 8 lobes (as shown), or more.
• the return means may be chosen between at least one helical spring, at least one metal blade, an electromagnet and a piston gas cartridge.
• the trip alarms group the alarms on potential fire detection by the thermosensitive component, and the alarms controlled by the computer.
• the electronic card can integrate a temperature measurement component managed by the microcontroller to monitor the high temperature values and allow the computer to establish the service life without degrading operating reliability;
• the pyrotechnic gas generators can be arranged in battery housings mounted in a cylinder controlled by a cocking mechanism in connection with the inlet duct of the housing of the positive displacement motor.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
• Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-04-27 FR FR1253938A patent/FR2990004B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
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  • 2013-04-18 IN IN8865DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN08865A/en unknown
  • 2013-04-18 RU RU2014142446A patent/RU2621190C2/ru active
  • 2013-04-18 KR KR1020147028294A patent/KR102049130B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2013-04-18 WO PCT/FR2013/050863 patent/WO2013160590A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-04-18 CN CN201380021227.8A patent/CN104246181B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-04-18 ES ES13722505T patent/ES2572093T3/es active Active
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