WO2013159979A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détermination de l'état de charge d'une batterie et batterie - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détermination de l'état de charge d'une batterie et batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013159979A1
WO2013159979A1 PCT/EP2013/054894 EP2013054894W WO2013159979A1 WO 2013159979 A1 WO2013159979 A1 WO 2013159979A1 EP 2013054894 W EP2013054894 W EP 2013054894W WO 2013159979 A1 WO2013159979 A1 WO 2013159979A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
cell
charge
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/054894
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Tenzer
Joerg Poehler
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2013159979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013159979A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining a state of charge of a battery, further to a device for determining a state of charge of a battery and to a battery.
  • the present invention proposes a method for determining a state of charge of a battery, furthermore a device for determining a state of charge of a battery and a battery according to the main claims.
  • Advantageous embodiments emerge from the respective subclaims and the following description.
  • a battery can be combined from two different cell types.
  • While a majority of the cells may belong to a first cell type and have a very low voltage drop in a large capacitance range, For example, a small portion of the cells may belong to a second cell type and have a well measurable voltage drop over the same capacitance range.
  • all cells are discharged approximately equally. From the voltage drop and thus the state of charge of the well-detectable cells can be concluded that the state of charge of the entire battery.
  • Voltage characteristic and a series-connected second battery cell having a different from the first voltage characteristic second voltage characteristic comprises the following step:
  • An apparatus for determining a state of charge of a battery which has at least one string of at least one first battery cell with a first voltage characteristic and a second battery cell connected in series with a second voltage characteristic different from the first voltage characteristic, has the following feature: a device for determining the state of charge of the battery using a voltage of the second battery cell.
  • a battery has the following feature: a string of a first battery cell with a first voltage characteristic and a second battery cell connected in series with a second voltage characteristic that differs from the first voltage characteristic.
  • a battery can be understood as meaning an electrochemical energy store in which electrical energy can be stored chemically and chemical energy can be delivered as electrical energy. Under a state of charge of the battery can be understood a residual capacity of the battery to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery can be a variety of Have battery cells, each of which can provide a cell voltage.
  • a strand may be an electrical circuit arrangement of a plurality of battery cells whose cell voltages are added to a total voltage of the battery. The cell voltage is dependent on a combination of materials of the chemical energy storage in the battery cell. When the battery cell is fully charged, the cell voltage may correspond to a nominal voltage of the battery cell. As the discharge progresses, the battery cell can provide a residual voltage as the cell voltage. The residual stress can be related to the
  • a first voltage characteristic may have an approximately horizontal course over a large capacitance range and / or a very small change in the cell voltage across the large one
  • Capacity range represent.
  • a second voltage characteristic may, for example, have an approximately constant slope over a large capacitance range and / or represent a decreasing cell voltage with decreasing residual capacitance.
  • the voltage used to determine the state of charge of the battery may represent the cell voltage of the battery cell with decreasing characteristic.
  • the tension can be between the poles of the
  • the state of charge of the battery can be determined using the voltage and a stored processing instruction.
  • the processing rule may relate the cell voltage of the second battery cell to the state of charge of the first one
  • Map battery cell At least one further strand can be connected in parallel with the strand.
  • the strands can have the same capacity.
  • a plurality of second battery cells In a strand a plurality of second battery cells can be arranged.
  • a capacity of the first battery cell may be adapted to a capacity of the second battery cell. Under a capacity can be a maximum
  • Amount of energy to be understood which can be stored by the battery cell.
  • the battery cells have the same capacities and are evenly charged or discharged, the battery cells have largely consistent charging states during operation.
  • the capacities of the battery cells in operation may be within a tolerance of, for example, ten percent, five percent, or two percent.
  • the first battery cell may have a first cell chemistry and the second battery cell may have a second cell chemistry, wherein the first cell chemistry is different from the second cell chemistry.
  • the battery cells can store the electrical energy in different chemical compounds. Different processes can take place in the battery cells in order to provide the electrical energy.
  • the first battery cell may have a first rated voltage.
  • the second battery cell may have a second rated voltage.
  • Rated voltage may differ from the second rated voltage.
  • a nominal voltage can be a maximum voltage of a battery cell when the battery cell is fully charged.
  • the second rated voltage may be greater than the first rated voltage.
  • the voltages shortly before a voltage dip in the case of mostly depleted batteries can be approximately the same size.
  • Cell compensation electronics be switched.
  • Cell balancing electronics may be a means for compensating for differences in the internal resistance of the battery cells.
  • the cell balancing electronics can adapt a charging current through the second battery cell to a charging profile of the first battery cell.
  • the second battery cell can be designed to be interchangeable.
  • the second battery cell can be designed to be interchangeable.
  • Battery cell may be subject to higher wear than the first one
  • the second battery cell may be provided for scheduled replacement.
  • a first pole of the second battery cell can be connected to a first measuring terminal for connecting a first input of a voltage measuring device.
  • a second pole of the second battery cell may be connected to a second measuring terminal for
  • the first battery cell can be designed without measuring connections. By measuring connections, which can lead to an interface, the voltage of the second battery cell can be tapped from outside the battery, and so, for example, several batteries are monitored with a device.
  • the battery may include a voltage measuring device for measuring the voltage and a device for determining a state of charge of the battery according to the approach presented here, wherein a first input of the
  • Voltage meter is connected to the first measuring port and a second input of the voltmeter is connected to the second measuring port.
  • An output of the voltage meter may be connected to the device for outputting a value of the voltage.
  • State of charge monitoring can be arranged inside the battery.
  • a signal can be given that represents the state of charge of the battery to allow easy monitoring of the battery from the outside.
  • a device can be understood as meaning an electrical device which processes sensor signals and outputs control and / or data signals in dependence thereon.
  • the device may have an interface, which may be formed in hardware and / or software.
  • the interfaces can be part of a so-called system ASIC, for example, which contains a wide variety of functions of the device.
  • the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components.
  • the interfaces may be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller in addition to other software modules.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of a battery and a device for determining a state of charge of the battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining a
  • FIG 4 is an illustration of various characteristics of battery cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of a battery 100 and a device 102 for determining a state of charge of the battery 100 in accordance with a
  • the battery 100 has two strings connected in parallel.
  • the strands have, each connected in series, a plurality of first battery cells 104 and a second
  • the first battery cells 104 have a first voltage characteristic and a first rated voltage.
  • the second battery cells 106 have a second voltage characteristic and a second nominal voltage. The first
  • Battery cells 104 and the second battery cells 106 have the same rated capacity.
  • the nominal voltages of the battery cells 104, 106 of a strand add up to a nominal voltage of the battery 100.
  • the second battery cell 106 of one of the strands has a first measuring connection, which leads from a positive pole of the second battery cell 106 to an interface on a shell of the battery 100. From a negative pole of the second battery cell 106, a second measuring line leads to the interface. At the interface parallel to the second battery cell 106, a voltage measuring device 108 is connected to tap a cell voltage U of the second battery cell 106 and a voltage value of Cell voltage U provide. The voltmeter 108 may also be disposed within the battery 100.
  • the device 102 is connected to the voltmeter 108.
  • the device 102 has a device 110 for determining the state of charge of the battery 100.
  • the device 110 may receive the voltage value and determine the state of charge of the battery 100 using the cell voltage U of the second battery cell 106.
  • the first voltage characteristic of the first battery cells 104 has at least one flat portion that extends over a wide capacitance range of the first battery cells 104. Within the flat portion, the cell voltage of the first battery cells 104 has almost no change. Therefore, due to the cell voltage, it is hardly possible to draw any conclusions about a remaining residual capacity in the first battery cells 104.
  • the second voltage characteristic of the second battery cells 106 has a marked slope over a large capacitance range. In this way, the cell voltage U of the second battery cell 106 can be assigned a remaining capacity of the second battery cell 106. Since the first battery cells 104 and the second battery cells 106 are designed to be the same
  • the method 200 includes a step 202 of determining.
  • the method may be performed on a battery as shown in FIG.
  • the battery has at least one strand of at least one first battery cell with a first voltage characteristic and a second battery cell connected thereto in series with a second voltage characteristic.
  • a voltage value of the second battery cell is received, the state of charge of the battery is determined using the voltage of the second battery cell, and a value representing the state of charge is provided. It can from the voltage of the second battery cell a current capacity of the second battery cell can be determined. Based on the capacity of the second battery cell, the capacity of the battery can be determined.
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for determining the
  • the state of charge (SOC) of a battery is measured by measuring the rest voltage across the entire battery or on individual cells. If a measurement at a certain time is only possible under load, then the quiescent voltage can be calculated from the measured voltage, the current flow and the resistance. This calculation can be corrected later, as soon as a reconciliation with the measurement of the SOC
  • the flow of current can be integrated into or out of the battery in order to gain information about the state of charge.
  • the error of the current measurement accumulates steadily due to the integration, it is necessary to always match this methodology with the state of charge calculated from the rest voltage.
  • the approach presented here also makes it easy and reliable to determine the state of charge, even if the cells of the battery have a very flat voltage characteristic (eg LiFeP0 4 and also lithium-sulfur). This is done by a suitable interconnection of cells with different cell chemistry. It exploits that N cells with flatter
  • Voltage characteristic under consideration of suitable boundary conditions with a cell of different cell chemistry - whose voltage characteristic is not flat - can be combined in a series circuit.
  • the described method 200 is suitable in principle for any application of lithium-ion batteries, in which an accurate determination of the state of charge is desirable, which includes almost any application.
  • the invention is suitable for plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles, since there a reliable and reliable determination of the battery state of charge is required at any time.
  • FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a battery 100 according to a
  • the battery 100 has a strand 300.
  • the battery has a plurality of first battery cells 104 connected in series.
  • a second battery cell 106 is connected to the first battery cells 104 in series.
  • the second battery cell 106 is designed as a replaceable unit in order to make the battery 100 service-friendly.
  • a number N of the first battery cells 104 results from a desired total voltage of the battery, since in a series circuit the individual voltages are added to the total voltage.
  • the first battery cells 104 may be lithium sulfur cells (Li S) with a rated voltage of 2.1 volts per cell 104 are executed.
  • the second battery cell 106 may be implemented, for example, as a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cell (Li (NixCo Y Mnz) 0 2 or LI NCM) having a rated voltage of 3.7 volts.
  • the lithium sulfur cells 104 with Li-sulfur chemistry have a partially flat
  • the first battery cells 104 may be implemented as lithium iron phosphorus oxide (LiFePO 4 ) at a rated voltage of 3.3 volts per cell.
  • the second battery cell 106 may as in the first wiring example as a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cell
  • Li (Ni (Ni x Co Y Mn z ) 0 2 or LI NCM) are carried out with a rated voltage of 3.7 volts.
  • the first cells 104 with LiFeP0 4 chemistry have a flat voltage characteristic.
  • the state of charge of a battery 100 consisting of cells 104 with a flat voltage characteristic can be easily determined by connecting at least one cell 106 with different cell chemistry in series, as shown in FIG. It is important that the cells 106 of the
  • Charge state measurement on the first cell 106 automatically a very accurate Estimation of the state of charge of the remaining cells 104 and thus also of the entire series string. Furthermore, it would be ideal if the
  • Internal resistances of the cells 104, 106 are in a suitable relationship to each other, so that set at the end of the typical for lithium technology Constant Current Constant Voltage charging the upper cut-off voltages to the cell chemistry. Alternatively, this can also be realized via a suitable cell compensation electronics.
  • this cell 106 can be implemented as an exchangeable unit. This makes it possible to easily replace this cell 106 as needed, for. As part of a regular customer service on the vehicle. The cost of this replacement is very low compared to the high benefit of the much more accurate charge state estimation.
  • a so-called EV battery Electric Vehicle Battery
  • a cell 106 with different cell chemistry can be integrated into each of the series strands 300 to there accurate and reliable
  • the entire battery 100 consists of only two strings 300 connected in parallel, which are in turn made up of 142 cells 104, 106 in series.
  • just two cells are 106 with other cell chemistry needed to significantly improve the state of charge determination.
  • the approach presented here can u.a. when using lithium-ion batteries 100 in power tools, gardening tools, computers, PDAs and cell phones, in hybrid and plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles.
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation of various characteristic curves 400a, 400b, 400c of battery cells according to an embodiment of the present invention. Shown is a schematic representation of an exemplary
  • the voltage characteristic 400a is associated with a battery cell of the type Li (Ni x Co y Mn z ) 0 2 and has a linearly falling characteristic.
  • Voltage characteristic 400b is a battery cell type LiFeP0 4 with a largely linear characteristic and the voltage characteristic 400c is a battery cell of the type Lilthium sulfur with a largely linear
  • the voltage characteristic 400a, 400b, 400c are plotted in a graph showing a capacity of 100 to zero percent on the abscissa. On the ordinate a cell voltage U in volts is plotted. Common to all voltage characteristics 400a, 400b, 400c is a point of zero volt voltage and zero percent capacitance. The voltage characteristic 400a increases sharply from zero percent to about 15% capacity. Subsequently, the voltage characteristic 400a runs up to approximately 60% capacity with a small slope and between 60% and 100% capacity slightly steeper. Conversely, the voltage characteristic 400a has a linear progression in a range between 20% and 100% of the maximum capacitance, with the voltage in the region decreasing by about a third, starting from 100% capacitance.
  • the voltage characteristic 400b rises very steeply up to approx. Five percent capacity and then runs approx Abscissa. Between 95% and 100% capacity, the voltage increases again strongly.
  • the voltage characteristic 400c increases strongly up to approx. 10% capacity. Between 10% and approx. 70%, the voltage characteristic 400c runs flat. By 70% capacity, the voltage characteristic 400c jumps to a higher voltage. At the higher voltage level, the characteristic curve 400c again runs flat up to approx. 95% capacity, in order to increase strongly again up to 100% capacity.
  • Voltage characteristic 400c thus has a stepped course with two plateaus in the range between 10% and 95% of the capacity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de l'état de charge d'une batterie (100) comprenant au moins une branche constituée d'au moins un premier élément de batterie (104) présentant une première courbe de tension caractéristique, et d'un second élément de batterie (106) monté en série avec celui-ci, présentant une seconde courbe de tension caractéristique. Ce procédé comprend une étape consistant à déterminer de l'état de charge de la batterie (100) à partir d'une tension (U) du second élément de batterie (106).
PCT/EP2013/054894 2012-04-26 2013-03-11 Procédé et dispositif de détermination de l'état de charge d'une batterie et batterie WO2013159979A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012206893A DE102012206893A1 (de) 2012-04-26 2012-04-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen eines Ladezustands einer Batterie und Batterie
DE102012206893.7 2012-04-26

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WO2013159979A1 true WO2013159979A1 (fr) 2013-10-31

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015043965A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de stockage d'énergie
EP3006950A1 (fr) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-13 Optimum Battery Co., Ltd. Procédé d'évaluation de l'état de charge de phosphate de fer-lithium de blocs-batteries de puissance
CN105811028A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2016-07-27 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 一种锂离子电池系统的soc状态估计方法
CN111929595A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-11-13 山东北固新材料科技有限公司 一种通过混合串联测量磷酸铁锂电池组电量状态的方法
EP4083638A4 (fr) * 2021-03-04 2022-11-02 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Procédé et appareil d'estimation d'un état de charge de bloc-batterie, et système de gestion de batterie
EP4228043A4 (fr) * 2021-11-19 2024-01-24 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3098920B1 (fr) * 2019-07-19 2021-12-10 Accumulateurs Fixes Estimation du SoC d’un élément électrochimique
DE102020121612A1 (de) 2020-08-18 2022-02-24 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Ladezustands einer Batterie, Batterie und Fahrzeug
DE102021205281A1 (de) 2021-05-25 2022-12-01 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Elektrisches Energiespeichersystem
CN117134043A (zh) 2022-05-20 2023-11-28 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 混合化学电池组的荷电状态和健康状态评估

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55150567A (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-11-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Actuation of nickel-iron battery group
US20100225325A1 (en) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery System and Method for System State of Charge Determination
US20110086248A1 (en) * 2008-06-04 2011-04-14 Kensuke Nakura Assembled battery
DE102009046964A1 (de) 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Akkumulatorzuständen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55150567A (en) * 1979-05-11 1980-11-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Actuation of nickel-iron battery group
US20110086248A1 (en) * 2008-06-04 2011-04-14 Kensuke Nakura Assembled battery
US20100225325A1 (en) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery System and Method for System State of Charge Determination
DE102009046964A1 (de) 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Akkumulatorzuständen

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015043965A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de stockage d'énergie
US10027137B2 (en) 2013-09-26 2018-07-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Energy storage device
EP3006950A1 (fr) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-13 Optimum Battery Co., Ltd. Procédé d'évaluation de l'état de charge de phosphate de fer-lithium de blocs-batteries de puissance
CN105811028A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2016-07-27 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 一种锂离子电池系统的soc状态估计方法
CN111929595A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-11-13 山东北固新材料科技有限公司 一种通过混合串联测量磷酸铁锂电池组电量状态的方法
EP4083638A4 (fr) * 2021-03-04 2022-11-02 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Procédé et appareil d'estimation d'un état de charge de bloc-batterie, et système de gestion de batterie
EP4228043A4 (fr) * 2021-11-19 2024-01-24 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Groupe de batteries, bloc-batterie, appareil électrique, procédé de fabrication et dispositif de fabrication de groupe de batteries, et procédé de commande de groupe de batteries

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