WO2013155651A1 - 一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法 - Google Patents

一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013155651A1
WO2013155651A1 PCT/CN2012/001232 CN2012001232W WO2013155651A1 WO 2013155651 A1 WO2013155651 A1 WO 2013155651A1 CN 2012001232 W CN2012001232 W CN 2012001232W WO 2013155651 A1 WO2013155651 A1 WO 2013155651A1
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Prior art keywords
reactive power
dynamic reactive
power
signal
unit
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PCT/CN2012/001232
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁理杰
王彪
汤凡
张华�
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/02Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of AC power at different frequencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dynamic reactive power compensation method for a power system, in particular to a dynamic reactive power compensation method for an AC/DC hybrid external power transmission network.
  • Dynamic reactive power compensation device Based on high-power power electronic component technology, realize dynamic reactive power compensation setting in power system transient process, such as static var compensator SVC (Static Var Compensator) and static synchronous compensator STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) ).
  • static var compensator SVC Static Var Compensator
  • STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
  • AC/DC hybrid power grid When the AC grid contains DC converter stations, it can realize the AC grid and DC grid hybrid transmission mode grid.
  • WAMS Wide Area Measurement System
  • the traditional control strategy of the power system reactive power compensation device is to use the high-voltage side bus voltage of the installation point substation as the input control signal, or to introduce additional control signals such as adjacent line power, to provide reactive power compensation to the system in time to improve the system stability level, but not At the same time, it meets the reactive power demand of the AC fault and DC blocking fault of the AC/DC hybrid power grid.
  • the high-voltage side bus voltage of the installation point substation is used as the control input signal, and after sampling and filtering (time constant link (ie unit or device, f same), lead lag (time constant 2, 75, 4. s), And the output link (after the thyristor output time constant, the dynamic reactive power is output to the substation low voltage bus.
  • time constant link ie unit or device, f same
  • lead lag time constant 2, 75, 4. s
  • the output link (after the thyristor output time constant, the dynamic reactive power is output to the substation low voltage bus.
  • the dynamic reactive power compensation device such as SVC needs to provide dynamic damping, it may consider introducing additional control signals such as line power, through the lead lag link, Attached to the ⁇ signal (additional point 1) or attached to the final controller output link (additional point 2).
  • the controller adds a transient strong compensation function, that is, when the control point voltage falls more than ⁇ , and when the line active drop is exceeded, the SVC output is the maximum capacitive reactive, and the time lasts for t seconds.
  • a transient strong compensation function that is, when the control point voltage falls more than ⁇ , and when the line active drop is exceeded, the SVC output is the maximum capacitive reactive, and the time lasts for t seconds.
  • the traditional control strategy of the dynamic device such as SVC can improve the stable operation level of the system, regardless of whether the reactive output has a leading delay. If the reactive output does not have a leading lag, the reactive power compensation device provides dynamic reactive power in the first pendulum of the system power angle, improving the system's temporary stability. If the reactive output contains a lead lag, the dynamic stability level of the system can be improved without affecting the first pendulum angle of the system.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic reactive power compensation control method suitable for AC/DC hybrid outgoing power grid that can simultaneously take into account the transient and dynamic stability of a system after DC and AC faults.
  • a dynamic reactive compensation control method suitable for an AC-DC hybrid external power transmission network comprising the following steps:
  • the input control signal is sequentially processed by the sampling unit of the main controller, the blocking unit, the lead lag unit and the amplification unit. output signal;
  • is the lead lag compensation phase angle
  • is the ratio between the zero point and the pole
  • is the dominant frequency ⁇
  • step 2) Input the wide-area input signal selected in step 2) and the corresponding parameter set in step 3) into the additional controller of the dynamic reactive power compensation device, and the wide-area input signal sequentially passes through the sampling unit of the additional controller and the blocking unit.
  • a lead lag unit and an amplifying unit thereby obtaining an additional voltage control signal, which is superimposed with the output signal of the step ⁇ main controller and output as a dynamic reactive power signal to the substation low voltage bus;
  • the dynamic var compensator is Static var compensator or static synchronous compensator.
  • the power of the above-mentioned important line AC section is the inter-area tie line power.
  • the dynamic reactive power compensation device (composed of the main controller and the additional controller) proposed by the present invention introduces important AC cross-section power to truly reflect the actual demand for reactive power when the system experiences AC faults and DC faults. Improve the transient and dynamic stability level of the AC and DC AC power grid after AC fault and DC blocking fault.
  • the wide-area measurement signals such as generator speed or important line AC section power
  • dynamic reactive devices such as SVC/STATCOM.
  • SVC/STATCOM dynamic reactive devices
  • the reactive power control strategy of the present invention has a limited effect on improving the transient stability of the AC system fault, but can further increase the system damping by more than 4%;
  • the first pendulum power angle is more than 5 degrees, and the system damping can be increased by 8%, and the maximum voltage increase of the controlled bus voltage is less than 5kV.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a typical SVC control.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an SVC control using the wide area signal of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 and Figure 4 are block diagrams of the open-loop transfer function and block diagram of the closed-loop transfer function of the system.
  • Figure 5 is a plot of the power angle difference between Sichuan and China under STATCOM wide-area control during AC faults.
  • Figure 6 is a plot of the power angle difference between Sichuan and China in the presence of STATCOM wide-area control during DC faults.
  • VC is the control point voltage and is the active power of the local line.
  • VC is the control point voltage, which is the important line AC section power.
  • the core idea of the invention is to introduce the generator speed or the important line AC section power in the control method of the dynamic reactive power compensation device to truly reflect the actual demand of the system for reactive power, and to adapt to the AC fault of the AC-DC hybrid power grid and DC blocking fault.
  • the active power of the important section of the AC is rapidly increased due to the acceleration of the unit. After the DC blocking fault, the active power of the important section of the AC will also increase rapidly due to the transfer of DC power to the AC channel.
  • the SVC/STATC0M can output the capacitance after the fault regardless of the AC fault or the DC fault. Reactive, system transient stability is improved.
  • the SVC reactive power compensation control block diagram using wide-area signals is shown in Figure 2.
  • the dominant frequency existing in the large interval select the line/power ⁇ (/) whose dominant frequency is ⁇ (ie, low frequency oscillation frequency) and has the most observability, ( ⁇ € ⁇ , ..., ⁇ as reactive power compensation Wide-area input signal of the device.
  • the inter-area tie line power can be directly selected as the wide-area input signal.
  • . and ⁇ are the local voltage control weight and the wide-area additional control weight coefficient respectively, which need to be properly selected according to the AC and DC operation of the actual power grid. Generally, 10 ( ⁇ 300, > is selected according to the size of the DC power transmission.
  • control point voltage signal takes the local bus voltage signal, and the active double-circuit line on the Sichuan-Yunnan section is introduced as the wide-area control additional control signal.
  • T r2 0.2s
  • STACT0M controller output time constant; 0.02s
  • the maximum power angle difference of the first pendulum of the STATC0M is basically the same as that of the local signal control, but it has better dynamic stability, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the first swing power angle of STATC0M has the best stability when using wide-area control, and the dynamic stability is much better than the local bus voltage control mode, as shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that in the AC-DC hybrid system, after wide-area control is adopted, and the weight of the additional controller is increased, the unified controller can simultaneously satisfy the system's requirements for DC fault and dynamic reactive power after AC.
  • the wide-area power signal is introduced into the additional controller of the dynamic reactive power compensation device, and the additional controller collects the power signal, and then passes the power signal through the blocking link and the lead delay link. And the amplification step, thereby obtaining an additional voltage control signal, which is superimposed on the control signal of the dynamic reactive power compensation device itself, and jointly determines the dynamic reactive output value of the compensation setting, so as to complete the reactive power compensation under the AC/DC hybrid power grid.
  • WAMS system wide-area measurement system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法,针对交直流混联电网下的动态无功补偿装置,选取重要交流断面线路功率作为其附加控制器的广域输入信号,同时根据控制目的设置附加控制器参数,最后将附加控制器的输出信号与主控制器的输出信号叠加后作为动态无功功率信号输出至变电站低压母线,以增强系统第一摆暂态稳定性和动态阻尼水平。本发明能真实地反映系统发生交流故障和直流故障时,对无功功率的实际要求,提高交直流混联电网的交流故障和直流闭锁故障后系统的暂态、动态稳定水平。

Description

一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统动态无功补偿方法,特别是交直流混联外送电网的动态 无功补偿方法。
背景技术
本发明使用的技术术语:
动态无功补偿装置:基于大功率电力电子元件技术, 实现电力系统暂态过程 中动态无功补偿的设置, 例如静止无功补偿器 SVC ( Static Var Compensator)和 静止同步补偿器 STATCOM ( Static Synchronous Compensator)。
交直流混联电网: 当交流电网含有直流工程的换流站时, 能够实现交流电网 与直流电网混合输电模式的电网。
广域测量系统 (WAMS ) : 以同步相量测量技术为基础, 以电力系统动态过程 监测、 分析和控制为目标的实时监控系统。
目前电力系统无功补偿装置的传统控制策略是以安装点变电站高压侧母线 电压作为输入控制信号,或者引入临近线路功率等附加控制信号, 向系统及时提 供无功补偿,提高系统稳定水平,但是不能同时满足交直流混联电网的交流故障 和直流闭锁故障对系统的无功需求。
以 SVC为例, 以安装点变电站高压侧母线电压作为控制输入信号, 经过采 样滤波 (时间常数 环节 (即单元或装置, f同)、 超前滞后环节 (时间常数 2, 75, 4. s), 及输出环节 (晶闸管输出时间常数 后, 输出动态无功功率至 变电站低压母线。 当 SVC等动态无功补偿装置需要提供动态阻尼作用时, 可考 虑引入线路功率等附加控制信号, 通过超前滞后环节, 附加到 ^信号上(附加 点 1 ) 或附加到最终控制器输出环节 (附加点 2)。 为充分发挥 SVC的快速补偿 特性, 控制器加入暂态强补功能, 即当控制点电压跌落幅度超过 Δ^, 并且线路 有功跌落幅度超过 时, SVC输出最大容性无功, 时间持续 t秒。 功能框图如 图 1所示。
由于无功补偿装置传统的控制策略都是引用本地电压和线路功率作为输入 信号, 以维持本地站点高压母线电压恒定为控制目标。然而, 交直流混联电网中 交流故障和直流闭锁时对动态无功补偿的需求形式不同,使得无功补偿装置的传 统策略不能同时适应交流故障和直流闭锁故障对无功补偿的需求。
电网发生交流故障时, SVC等动态装置的传统控制策略可以提高系统稳定 运行水平, 无论无功输出是否有超前滞后环节。 若无功输出没有超前滞后环节, 则无功补偿装置在系统功角第一摆中即提供动态无功,提高系统暂稳能力。若无 功输出含有超前滞后环节,则能在不影响系统第一摆功角大小情况下提高系统的 动态稳定水平。
然而电网发生直流闭锁时的情况与交流故障不同。当直流闭锁时, 由于直流 滤波电容的延时退出,以及潮流的重新分布,直流近区电网电压一般会普遍升高。 因此, 直流闭锁后, 动态无功设备不仅不会有暂态强补投运, 还会释放部分感性 无功, 即降低系统暂态稳定性。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能同时兼顾直流和交流故障后系统的暂态、动态稳 定性的适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补 偿控制方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 以安装点变电站高压侧母线电压作为动态无功补偿装置的主控制器的输 入控制信号, 该输入控制信号依次经过主控制器的采样单元、 隔直单元、超前滞 后单元以及放大单元处理后输出信号;
2)选取重要线路交流断面功率或发电机转速作为动态无功补偿装置的附加 控制器的广域输入信号;
3 ) 设定上述附加控制器的参数:
τ 1 - sin(- )
ΤΊ 、2,
a =— = -;
T" l + sin( ) W
其中, ^为超前滞后补偿相角, α为零点与极点之间的比值, ω为主导频率 Ί、 ΤΊ、 Τ、 ^为超前滞后单元的时间常数; 以及, 根据直流送电功率大小选取放大倍数 =1~10;
4)将步骤 2)选取的广域输入信号以及步骤 3 )设定的对应参数输入至动态 无功补偿装置的附加控制器中, 广域输入信号依次经过附加控制器的采样单元、 隔直单元、超前滞后单元以及放大单元, 从而得到附加电压控制信号, 该附加电 压控制信号与步骤 Ο主控制器的输出信号叠加后作为动态无功功率信号输出至 变电站低压母线; 上述动态无功补偿装置为静止无功补偿器或静止同步补偿器。
上述重要线路交流断面功率为区域间联络线功率。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提出的动态无功补偿装置(由主控制器和附加控制器组成)的控制策 略中引入重要交流断面功率, 以真实地反映系统发生交流故障和直流故障时,对 无功功率的实际需求,提高交直流混联电网的交流故障和直流闭锁故障后系统的 暂态、 动态稳定水平。
为满足混联外送电网中交、 直流故障后系统稳定需求, 将广域测量信号,如 发电机转速或重要线路交流断面功率等引入 SVC/STATCOM等动态无功装置的 控制中, 则可同时兼顾直流和交流故障后系统的暂态、动态稳定性。 需要说明的 是, 引入交流断面功率作为 SVC等附加控制信号己在很多文献提出, 其附加控 制器输出幅值相对较小,其根本目的是提高系统阻尼。本发明在交直流混联系统 中引入重要交流断面功率等信号的首要目的是增强系统第一摆的稳定性,其次才 是增强系统阻尼, 两者控制策略和控制器参数并不一致。
以四川现有的 890Mvar SVC容量为例, 采用本发明无功控制策略, 对提高 交流系统故障后的暂态稳定性作用有限, 但能进一步提高系统阻尼 4%以上; 能 减小直流闭锁后第一摆功角 5度以上, 并且能提高系统阻尼 8%, 而引起的被控 母线电压最大电压升幅小于 5kV。
附图说明
图 1是现有典型 SVC控制框图。
图 2是本发明采用广域信号的 SVC控制框图。
图 3、 图 4分别是系统的开环传递函数框图和闭环传递函数框图。 图 5是交流故障时有无 STATCOM广域控制下四川对华中的功角差曲线图。 图 6是直流故障时有无 STATCOM广域控制下四川对华中的功角差曲线图。
具体实施方式
图 1中, VC为控制点电压, 为本地线路有功功率。 图 2中, VC为控制点电压, 为重要线路交流断面功率。 本发明的工作原理:
本发明的核心思想是在动态无功补偿装置的控制方法中引入发电机转速或 重要线路交流断面功率, 以真实地反映系统对无功功率的实际需求,适应交直流 混联电网的交流故障和直流闭锁故障。
交流严重故障后, 因机组加速导致交流重要送出断面有功功率快速增长;直 流闭锁故障后, 因直流功率转移至交流通道,交流重要送出断面有功功率也会出 现快速增长。取 为放大倍数, ( 为交流断面功率, 为 超前滞后校正, s为复频率)作为 SVC/STATC0M无功附加控制量, 则无论交流故 障还是直流故障, SVC/STATC0M都能在故障后输出容性无功, 系统暂态稳定能力 得到提高。 采用广域信号的 SVC无功补偿控制框图如图 2所示。
本发明的实施方案:
( 1 ) 引入重要交流断面线路功率:
采用小信号分析方法,在 SVC或 STATCOM的安装点注入无功阶跃扰动 Δ /) , 利用暂态仿真分析手段得出各重要交流线路的有功功率响应 , = 1,..., ^。 根据大区间存在的主导频率《, 选择主导频率为 ω (即低频振荡频率)并且具有 最大可观性的线路 /的功率 Δ^(/), (ΐ€ΐ, ..., Λ 作为无功补偿装置广域输入信 号。 一般可直接选择区域间联络线功率作为广域输入信号。
( 2 ) 附加 (广域)控制器参数设定- 根据小信号分析法得出的输入输出响应 和 Δ^(/), 求取幵环传递函数 Ga (s) = Δ^Ο) / AQ(s), 如图 3。 引入 ( 作为反馈变量, 系统的闭环传递函数框图如图 4所示, 系统闭环 传递函数为:
AW=_^!_ (1) 其中: (7( =(7。( 6;( , CiW =— *— , 为广域信号采样延时时间常数
1
由式(1)可得, 闭环系统的特征方程为:
l-G(s)/ (s) = 0 (2) 假设加入反馈补偿环节后闭环系统新的主导极点为 , 满足系统特征方程 ) (3) 反馈补偿环节 H、S、在 A = 处的超前滞后补偿相角为: 0=arg( d- arg(6¾)) (4) 根据所得结果, 可设计二阶超前-滞后补偿环节, 并根据式(5)整定相应参 数。
Figure imgf000007_0001
图 2中 ,.和^ 分别为本地电压控制权重和广域附加控制权重系数, 需根据 实际电网交直流运行情况适当选取。 .一般选取 10(Γ300, >则根据直流送电 功率大小选取广 10。
(3) 案例分析:
以四川某站安装 150MVA STATC0M为例, 控制点电压信号取本地母线电压信 号, 同时引入川渝断面上洪板双回线有功作为广域控制附加控制信号。
本地电压信号采样滤波时间常数 =0.02 s, 广域信号采样滤波时间常数
Tr2 =0.2s,隔直时间常数 =7:.2 =6s,STATC0M控制器输出时间常数 ; = 0.02s,
/_ =2.4, =-0.6。 控制器具体参数如表 1所示。 表 1 采用广域控制的控制器参数 T τ
本地控制参数 、
0.02 6 0.5 2.0 1 1 200 τ KA
广域控制参数
0.2 6 0.64 0.32 0.64 0.32 8
交流故障时,采用广域控制时 STATC0M第一摆最大功角差基本和采用本地信 号控制时基本一致, 但具有更好的动态稳定性, 如图 5所示。 直流故障时, 采用 广域控制时 STATC0M第一摆功角具有最好的稳定性,并且动态稳定性也远优于采 用本地母线电压控制模式, 如图 6所示。 可见, 交直流混联系统中, 采用广域控 制,并且增大附加控制器权重后,采用统一的控制器就能同时满足系统对直流故 障和交流后动态无功的调节要求。
本发明的步骤如下:
1 )针对交直流混联电网下的动态无功补偿装置, 首先选取重要交流断面线 路功率作为广域输入信号;
2 )设定附加广域控制器参数。利用公式(5 )设定附加控制器的超前滞后环 节参数 Γ6、 ΤΊ、 和 9 , 滤波时间常数 7;2由采集器自身决定, 隔直时间常数 7;2 一般选取 5~6s, 而放大倍数 则根据直流送电功率大小选取 1~10;
3 ) 根据得到的附加广域控制器参数设定控制器, 并将其叠加在如图 2所示 的动态无功补偿装置控制策略中;
4) 通过广域测量系统 (WAMS系统)将广域的功率信号引入至动态无功补 偿装置的附加控制器中, 附加控制器采集功率信号, 再将功率信号依次通过隔直 环节、超前滞后环节和放大环节, 从而得到附加电压控制信号, 此信号叠加在动 态无功补偿装置自身的控制信号中,共同决定补偿设置的动态无功输出值, 以完 成满足交直流混联电网下对无功补偿需求的目的。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法, 其特征是, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 以安装点变电站高压侧母线电压作为动态无功补偿装置的主控制器的输 入控制信号, 该输入控制信号依次经过主控制器的采样单元、 隔直单元、超前滞 后单元以及放大单元处理后输出信号;
2) 为增强系统第一摆的稳定性, 同时兼顾增强系统阻尼, 选取重要线路交 流断面功率或发电机转速作为动态无功补偿装置的附加控制器的广域输入信号;
3 ) 设定上述附加控制器的参数:
. φ
r 1一 sin (―)
a =丄 = ;
7 l + sin( ) ωνα Τ7 = Γ9 = αΓ6 ; 其中, ø为超前滞后补偿相角, α为零点与极点之间的比值, ω为主导频率, Ί、 ΤΊ、 T、 为超前滞后单元的时间常数; 以及, 根据直流送电功率大小选取放大倍数^ -1~10;
4)将步骤 2)选取的广域输入信号以及步骤 3 )设定的对应参数输入至动态 无功补偿装置的附加控制器中, 广域输入信号依次经过附加控制器的采样单元、 隔直单元、超前滞后单元以及放大单元, 从而得到附加电压控制信号, 该附加电 压控制信号与步骤 1 )主控制器的输出信号叠加后作为动态无功功率信号输出至 变电站低压母线; 上述动态无功补偿装置为静止无功补偿器或静止同步补偿器。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿 控制方法, 其特征是, 所述重要线路交流断面功率为区域间联络线功率。
PCT/CN2012/001232 2012-04-19 2012-09-03 一种适用于交直流混联外送电网的动态无功补偿控制方法 Ceased WO2013155651A1 (zh)

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