WO2013154571A1

WO2013154571A1 - Shrouded/downstream-pointing ammonia gas injector

Info

Publication number: WO2013154571A1
Application number: PCT/US2012/033425
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gregory A. Griffin; Timothy Taekhoon YOON; Adam C. Lack; Navtej Singh; Prasanna NAGABUSHAN-VENTKATESH
Original assignee: International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc
Priority date: 2012-04-13
Filing date: 2012-04-13
Publication date: 2013-10-17

Abstract

An ammonia (reductant) injector for delivering ammonia into an engine exhaust stream is disclosed. Generally, the injector includes a body having an inlet fluidly coupled to at least one channel within the body, a discharge port within the body and fluidly coupled to the at least one channel, an ammonia feed line connected to the inlet of the body, and a means for protecting the discharge port from potential blockage. The protection is preferably provided by a conically-shaped shroud attached to the body and covering, while spaced from, the discharge port to protect the port from exhaust solids which might block the port. The necessity of the shroud is due to the discharge port being positioned to disperse ammonia in a direction parallel and opposite to an exhaust stream flow. Alternatively, the port may direct ammonia discharge with or at an angle incident to the exhaust flow.

Description

SHROUDED/DOWNSTREAM-POINTING AMMONIA GAS INJECTOR TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present device relates to a gas injector for a vehicle exhaust after-treatment system. Specifically, the device relates to a shrouded ammonia gas injector for NOx reduction in a vehicle exhaust after-treatment system.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Compression ignition engines provide advantages in fuel economy, but produce both NO_x and particulates during normal operation. New and existing regulations continually challenge manufacturers to achieve good fuel economy and reduce the particulates and NO_x emissions. Lean-burn engines achieve the fuel economy objective, but the high concentrations of oxygen in the exhaust of these engines yields significantly high concentrations of NO_x as well. Accordingly, the use of NO_x reducing exhaust treatment schemes is being employed in a growing number of systems.

[0003] One such system is the direct addition of a reducing agent or reductant, such as ammonia gas, to the exhaust stream. It is an advantage to deliver ammonia directly into the exhaust stream in the form of a gas, both for simplicity of the flow control system and for efficient mixing of the reducing agent, ammonia, with the exhaust gases. The direct use of ammonia also eliminates potential difficulties related to blocking of the dosing system, which may be caused by precipitation or impurities, e.g., in a liquid-based urea solution. In addition, an aqueous urea solution cannot be dosed at a low engine load since the temperature of the exhaust line would be too low for complete conversion of urea to ammonia (and C0₂).

[0004] A couple specific challenges with the direct injection of ammonia relate to dispersion and mixing of the reducing agent with the hot exhaust gases. The dispersion issue considers how to deliver or spread ammonia to the greatest volume of flowing exhaust, while the mixing issue questions how to create the most homogenous mixture of exhaust and ammonia to facilitate NOx reduction.

[0005] Thus, the present system provides both a device for adequately dispersing and sufficiently mixing a reductant, such as ammonia into an exhaust gas stream of a vehicle. These and other problems are addressed and resolved by the disclosed system and method of the present application.

SUMMARY

[0006] There is disclosed herein a device which avoids the disadvantages of prior devices while affording additional structural and operating advantages.

[0007] Generally, an injector for delivering a reductant into an engine exhaust stream comprises a body having an inlet fluidly coupled to at least one channel within the body, a discharge port within the body and fluidly coupled to the at least one channel, a reductant feed line connected to the inlet of the body, and a means for protecting the discharge port from potential blockage.

[0008] In an embodiment, the protection is provided by a shroud attached to the body and covering, while spaced from, the discharge port to protect the port from exhaust solids which might block the port. The necessity of the shroud is due to the discharge port being positioned to disperse ammonia in a direction parallel and opposite to an exhaust stream flow.

[0009] It is an aspect of the invention to lessen exhaust flow disturbances. Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention, the injector shroud is conically-shaped with the apex directed upstream. Where the body has a plurality of channels and the injector comprises a plurality of discharge ports, preferably four, coupled to at least one channel, each port is similarly covered by a shroud. A single shroud may be used to cover multiple ports, or a shroud for each port, if desired.

[0010] In alternate embodiments, the discharge port(s) may be directed to discharge parallel to the exhaust stream— either with or against— or at an angle incident to the exhaust stream. By directing the port(s) downstream, directly or at an angle, the port can be protected from possible particulate blockage.

[0011] These and other aspects of embodiments of the invention are described in the following detailed description and shown in the appended drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the subject matter sought to be protected, there are illustrated in the accompanying drawings embodiments thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the subject matter sought to be protected, its construction and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description and throughout the numerous drawings, like reference numbers are used to designate corresponding parts.

[0013] FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a vehicle after-treatment system illustrating an embodiment of the present NOx reduction system positioned within the vehicle exhaust gas;

[0014] FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the vehicle after-treatment system similar to that shown in FIG. 1, further illustrating exhaust gas flow, ammonia gas dispersion and mixing of the two;

[0015] FIG. 3 is a close-up of the upstream side of an embodiment of the NOx reduction system;

[0016] FIG. 4 is a close-up of an embodiment of the injector;

[0017] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the ammonia injector;

[0018] FIGS. 6A-B are side views of an alternate embodiment of the ammonia injector;

[0019] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the ammonia injector positioned upstream of an embodiment of the mixing plate;

[0020] FIG. 8 is a side view of an embodiment of the mixing plate;

[0021] FIG. 9 is a front perspective of the mixing plate shown in FIG. 9; and

[0022] FIG. 10 is a side view illustrating the use of the mixing plate to support the injector.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] With reference to FIGS. 1-10, embodiments of a system and methods are described to one of skill in the relevant art. Generally speaking, a NOx reduction system, designated with the reference number 10 in the figures, typically works in conjunction with an exhaust gas after- treatment system 12 and comprises a mixing chamber 22, an ammonia injector 20 and a mixing plate 50. Typically, the reductant provided for use in the system 10 is carried on-board in canisters (not shown) which require periodic recharging. While embodiments using ammonia as the preferred reductant are disclosed, the invention is not limited to such embodiments, and other reductants may be utilized instead of, or in addition to, ammonia for carrying out the inventions disclosed and claimed herein. Examples of such other, or additional reductants include, but are not limited to, urea, ammonium carbamate, and hydrogen.

[0024] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a vehicle exhaust after-treatment system 12 having, in downstream direction, an exhaust inlet 16, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) canister 17, the NOx reduction device 10, a NOx particulate filter (NPF) canister 18, and an outlet 19. FIG. 2 further illustrates the exhaust stream flow before the NOx reduction device 10 (flow A), during mixing (flow B) and after the device 10 (flow C). Flow A is comprised entirely of engine exhaust gases, while the composition of flow B is (1) exhaust gases, (2) ammonia gas, and (3) a mixed gas, and flow C is comprised almost entirely of mixed gas.

[0025] FIG. 3 shows the preferred centered positioning of the injector 20 within the mixing chamber 22 (i.e., the space between the DOC and the NPF). Positioning the injector 20 in the chamber 22 center allows for optimum dispersion of the ammonia gas from a fixed, single, multi-port injector 20.

[0026] Referring to FIGS. 3-6, preferred embodiments of the injector 20 are illustrated. Generally, the injector 20 comprises an inlet 24 which couples directly to an ammonia feed line 26 at one end and to the injector body 28 at the other end. The inlet 24 is preferably on a back surface of the injector body 28, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Alternatively, the inlet 24 may be positioned between two adjacent arms 30, as shown in FIG. 4. Multiple discharge ports 32 are used to disperse ammonia throughout the mixing chamber 22. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3-6, four discharge ports 32A-D are positioned one at the end of each of four arms 30A-D. As shown in FIGS. 3-5, the injector 20 is formed in the shape of a cross, separating the ports 32A-D by about 90 degrees one from another. A plurality of channels 34 within the injector 20 direct the ammonia gas from the inlet 24 to the discharge ports 32.

[0027] While other multi-port injector configurations are possible, the four-port cross- injector 20 shown has proven to be most effective at disbursing ammonia throughout the mixing chamber 22. The injector 20 is positioned substantially in the center of the mixing chamber 22 with the discharge ports 32 aimed in a direction perpendicular (or substantially perpendicular) to the exhaust stream flow.

[0028] In an alternate embodiments shown in FIGS. 6A-B, the injector discharge ports 32 are aimed directly upstream (FIG. 6A) or at some angle greater than zero incident to the exhaust stream (FIG. 6B) to disburse ammonia. However, such a configuration exposes the ports to plugging. Accordingly, to prevent plugging of the discharge ports 32 with exhaust particulates, shrouds 40 are used to shield each of the ports 32. The shrouds 40 are attached to the body 28 of the injector 20 and are preferably conical in shape to minimize the creation of exhaust backflow. The number of shrouds 40 should correspond to the number of ports 32, but it may be conceivable to cover more than a single port with a shroud for some applications.

[0029] Another important aspect of the NOx reduction system 10, is the use of mixing plate 50. Referring to FIGS. 7-9, the mixing plate 50 is comprised of a multi-faced, multi-armed body 52, with at least two tiers of cutouts 54 dispersed about the circumference of the plate 50. The mixing plate 50 is positioned downstream of the injector 20, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0030] In the illustrated embodiment, the mixing plate body 52 has four arms 56 extending from the plate center 57. Each arm 56 has a surface or face 58 and is similarly angled or twisted to one side, much like a fan blade, as best shown in FIG. 8. The angled plate face 58 is used to deflect the gas streams, as shown in FIG. 3, and create turbulent flow to cause efficient mixing. Tabs 59 at the end of each arm 56, with reference to FIG. 9, provide a surface for attachment of the mixing plate 50 to the canister wall 62. Other attachment means may be equally suitable.

[0031] The cutouts 54 are considered to be two-tiered because of the distance each is from the plate center. The first tier cutouts 54A are positioned between adjacent arms 56 and extend closest to the plate center, while the second tier cutouts 54B are centered at the top of each arm 56 and are shorter. As a result, the mixing gases— i.e., exhaust gases and ammonia gas— are diverted laterally before passing the plate 50 into the NPF 18. Additional cutout tiers may be used if desired. Further, while the preferred cutouts 54 are shown to be semi-circular, other shapes and sizes may be used to accomplish the desired distribution of gases within the mixing chamber 22.

[0032] Another function of the mixing plate 50 is as a support for the injector 20. As shown in FIG. 10, the ammonia feed line 26 may come into the mixing chamber 22 from downstream of the mixing plate 50 and then passes through the plate to position the injector 20 at the chamber center. The plate 50, which is secured at several points to the canister wall 62, stabilizes the injector 20, via the ammonia feed line, which is otherwise secured at a single point.

[0033] It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present invention, particularly, any "preferred" embodiments, are possible examples of implementations merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles for the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the invention without substantially departing from the spirit and principles of the invention. All such modifications are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention, and protected by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An injector for delivering a reductant into an engine exhaust stream, the injector comprising: a body having an inlet fluidly coupled to at least one channel within the body; a discharge port within the body and fluidly coupled to the at least one channel; a reductant feed line connected to the inlet of the body; a shroud attached to the body and covering, while spaced from, the discharge port to protect the port from exhaust solids which might block the port.

2. The injector of Claim 1, wherein the discharge port is positioned to disperse reductant in a direction parallel and opposite to an exhaust stream flow.

3. The injector of Claim 1, wherein the shroud is conical.

4. The injector of Claim 1, wherein the body has a plurality of channels and the injector comprises a plurality of discharge ports coupled to at least one channel.

5. The injector of Claim 4, wherein a single shroud covers all discharge ports.

6. The injector of Claim 4, further comprising a plurality of shrouds covering, while spaced from, each port.

7. The injector of Claim 4, wherein each discharge port is positioned to disperse reductant in a direction upstream of the exhaust flow.

8. The injector of Claim 4, wherein the number of discharge ports and shrouds is four.

9. The injector of Claim 8, wherein the injector is cross-shaped and a discharge port is positioned on each arm of the cross.

10. The injector of Claim 8, wherein the ports are spaced approximately 90 degrees from one another.

11. The injector of Claim 1 , wherein the reductant feed line positions the body within an engine exhaust stream.

12. The injector of Claim 1, wherein the engine exhaust stream is traveling parallel to a discharge direction of the reductant from the discharge ports.

13. An injector for delivering ammonia into an engine exhaust stream, the injector comprising: a body having an inlet perpendicular and fluidly coupled to a plurality of channels within the body; four discharge ports, each port being fluidly coupled to at least one channel and positioned to discharge ammonia in an upstream direction relative to an exhaust stream flow; an ammonia feed line connected to the inlet of the body; and four shrouds attached to the body and each covering, while spaced from, one of the four discharge ports to protect the port from exhaust solids which might block the port; wherein the four discharge ports are spaced 90 degrees from one another.

14. The injector of Claim 13, wherein the body is shaped like a cross having four arms at the end of each of which is positioned a discharge port.

15. An injector for delivering ammonia into an engine exhaust stream, the injector comprising: a body having an inlet fluidly coupled to at least one channel within the body; a discharge port within the body and fluidly coupled to the at least one channel, the discharge port positioned to discharge ammonia in a direction parallel to an exhaust stream flow; an ammonia feed line connected to the inlet of the body; and a means for protecting the discharge port from exhaust solids in the stream which might block the port.

16. The injector of Claim 15, wherein the means for protecting the discharge port comprises a shroud.

17. The injector of Claim 15, wherein the means for protecting the discharge port comprises positioning the ports to face downstream.

18. The injector of Claim 17, wherein the body comprises a bend to face the discharge port downstream.

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