WO2013149358A1 - 牙轮钻头弹簧蓄能轴承双密封圈 - Google Patents

牙轮钻头弹簧蓄能轴承双密封圈 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013149358A1
WO2013149358A1 PCT/CN2012/000431 CN2012000431W WO2013149358A1 WO 2013149358 A1 WO2013149358 A1 WO 2013149358A1 CN 2012000431 W CN2012000431 W CN 2012000431W WO 2013149358 A1 WO2013149358 A1 WO 2013149358A1
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Prior art keywords
sealing
spring
bearing
seal
roller cone
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PCT/CN2012/000431
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
幸发芬
Original Assignee
Xing Fafen
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/000431 priority Critical patent/WO2013149358A1/zh
Publication of WO2013149358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013149358A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/22—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details
    • E21B10/25—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details characterised by sealing details

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of roller cone bit bearing sealing. Suitable for sealed roller cone bits for petroleum, geological and engineering applications. Background technique
  • the life of a roller cone bit depends primarily on the bearing.
  • the life of the bearing is mainly determined by the seal.
  • the first task of the seal is to prevent the grease from leaking inside the bearing, and the other is to prevent the mud which is corrosive and abrasive outside the drill bit from invading the bearing. Once the seal fails, the bearing wears out quickly, causing the drill to fail.
  • patents US 5524718, 5655611 use a rubber O-ring seal
  • US 3765495, US 4037673 use a rectangular rubber ring seal, which has the advantages of simple manufacture, shortcomings of short sealing life, and the life of other components of the drill bit. match.
  • seals are a mechanical seal.
  • patents US 4,516,641, US 4,666,001, US 4,923,020 use a mechanical seal consisting of two rubber energizing seals and two metal seal rings.
  • the advantage is that the dynamic seal is carried by the metal sealing surface, which prolongs the life of the seal, and has the disadvantage of being difficult to manufacture.
  • Patent CN 101182756A uses a metal spring accumulator ring as a static seal while providing a seal pressure to the mechanical seal. Its shortcomings are the same as conventional mechanical seals, making it difficult to manufacture.
  • the invention is directed to the deficiencies in the above-mentioned sealing of the roller bit, and adopts the technology of installing two spring accumulating sealing rings back to back in one bearing sealing groove, and relies on the tension of the inner ring of the spring to give the plastic with excellent wear resistance and extremely low friction coefficient.
  • the outer casing provides a sealing force to achieve a rotary seal of the bearing. That is to say, it has the advantages of simple manufacture, the ability of the bearing seal to adapt to high rotation speed and the ability to adapt to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the sealing system, and prolong the life of the seal and the life of the roller bit.
  • Figure 1 is a view showing a typical structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spring accumulator seal.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the inner ring of the spring.
  • Figure 4 is a typical cross-sectional view of a second spring accumulator seal.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the inner structure of the U-shaped spring inner ring.
  • Figure 6 is a typical cross-sectional view of a third spring accumulator seal.
  • Figure 7 is a typical cross-sectional view of a fourth spring accumulator seal.
  • Figure 8 is a dome-shaped spring rolled from a round steel wire.
  • Figure 9 is a dome-shaped spring rolled from a strip of steel wire.
  • Figure 10 is a second typical structural view of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a third exemplary structural view of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a fourth typical structural view of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a view showing a typical structure of the present invention.
  • the palm bearing 1 cooperates with the inner bore 2 of the cone to form a bearing for the roller cone bit.
  • At the root of the bearing there is a sealing groove 3 in which the outer sealing ring 4 and the inner sealing ring 5 are mounted.
  • the sealing rings 4 and 5 are spring-loaded sealing rings of V-shaped cross section, and the structure and performance of the two sealing rings are completely the same, and the difference is the mounting direction.
  • the opening 7 of the outer seal ring 4 faces the outer direction of the bearing, and the opening direction 6 of the inner seal ring 5 faces the inner direction of the bearing.
  • the two seals are mounted back to back.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a V-shaped spring accumulator seal.
  • the spring accumulator seal consists of a spring inner ring 8 and a sealed outer casing 9.
  • the inner flange 10 is for fixing the inner inner ring 8.
  • the inner inner ring 8 provides tension to the outer casing 9 so that the outer sealing lip 11 and the inner sealing lip 12 are in contact with the inner and outer sealing faces of the sealing groove, respectively, to achieve a seal between the palm bearing and the inner bore of the cone.
  • the sealed casing 9 is made of a plastic material that is resistant to high temperatures, wear, and low friction.
  • a plastic material that is resistant to high temperatures, wear, and low friction.
  • Another example is a sealed casing made of plastic such as polyetheretherketone or polyimide. The low coefficient of friction increases the ability of the sealing system to accommodate high speeds.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the inner ring of the spring.
  • the inner inner ring of Figure 3 is V-shaped.
  • the spring inner ring is made of sheet steel in the form of stainless steel. Such as lCrl7Ni7, NiMol6Crl5W, CoCr20Ni l5Mo and other stainless steel.
  • Figure 4 is a typical cross-sectional view of a second spring accumulator seal.
  • the inner inner ring of the figure is a U-shaped structure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the inner structure of the U-shaped spring inner ring. It is made by welding a stainless steel strip material and then butt welding.
  • Figure 6 is a typical cross-sectional view of a third spring accumulator seal.
  • the inner inner ring of the spring is a dome-shaped structure.
  • Figure 7 is a typical cross-sectional view of a fourth spring accumulator seal.
  • the inner inner ring of the spring is an elliptical structure.
  • Figure 8 is a ⁇ -shaped spring rolled from a round steel wire. The two ends are butt welded to obtain an O-shaped spring inner ring.
  • Fig. 9 is a ⁇ -shaped spring which is rolled from a strip-shaped steel wire, and the two ends are opposite to each other to obtain a ⁇ -shaped spring inner ring.
  • Figure 10 is a second typical structural view of the present invention.
  • the palm bearing 1, the inner ring of the cone, the sealing groove 3, the inner sealing ring 5 are the same as those in Fig. 1.
  • the difference is that the outer sealing ring 13 mounted back to back with the inner sealing ring 5 is provided with a filler 14.
  • the filler 14 is made of low-hardness, high-temperature resistant silicone rubber to prevent external mud from entering the inner cavity of the seal and affecting the elasticity of the inner ring of the spring.
  • Figure 11 is a third exemplary structural view of the present invention.
  • the two seals 4 and 5 in the figure are identical to those in Figure 1.
  • the difference between this figure and Fig. 1 is that the palm bearing 15 adopts the patented technology in the "concave bit eccentrically wide bearing seal groove", and the eccentric cylinder 18 and the sealing cylinder 17 have eccentricity and diameter difference.
  • the "eccentricity” and “difference in diameter” of this patented technology ensure that the sealing groove 16 is of equal width in the circumferential direction, thereby providing the sealing ring 4 and 5 with a working environment that is compressed in the circumferential direction, and the sealing ring is lowered.
  • the design's compression ratio increases the ability of the seal to accommodate high speeds and seal life.
  • Figure 12 is a fourth typical structural view of the present invention.
  • the patented palm bearing 15 of the "cone wheel bit eccentrically wide bearing seal groove” is used to form a patented equal width seal groove 16 with the inner ring 2 of the cone.
  • the inner seal ring 5 and the outer seal ring 13 are mounted in the seal groove 16 back to back.
  • the outer seal 13 is provided with a filler 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种牙轮钻头轴承密封系统属于牙轮钻头轴承密封技术领域，其主要由牙掌轴承（1）、牙轮内孔（2）、两个弹性密封圈（4、5）、一个密封槽（3）组成，两个弹性密封圈（4、5）背靠背装在密封槽（3）内，弹性密封圈（4、5）是由弹簧内圈（8）和密封外壳（9）组成的弹簧蓄能密封圈，弹簧内圈（8）是由不锈钢类材料制作的金属弹簧，密封外壳（9）由塑料制成，在弹性密封圈（4、5）截面内还可以填充一些物质，填充物可选择低硬度耐高温的硅胶；密封外壳（9）的前沿有内凸缘（10）和内、外密封唇（11、12），内凸缘（10）用于固定弹簧内圈（8），弹簧内圈（8）的张力顶压内、外密封唇（11、12），使它们分别与轴承密封槽（3）的两个密封面接触，实现牙掌轴承（1）与牙轮内孔（2）之间的密封。密封外壳（9）采用耐磨性好摩擦系数极小的高分子塑料制成。该牙轮钻头轴承密封系统提高了密封件适应高速的能力和密封系统适应内外压差的能力，延长了密封寿命。

Description

牙轮钻头弹簧蓄能轴承双密封圈
技术领域
本发明属于牙轮钻头轴承密封技术领域。适用于石油、地质、工程用的密封型牙轮钻头。 背景技术
牙轮钻头的寿命主要取决于轴承。而轴承的寿命主要取决于密封。密封的任务一是防止轴 承内的润滑脂泄漏，二是阻止钻头外部具有腐蚀性和研磨性的泥浆侵入轴承。密封一旦失效， 轴承就会很快地被磨损， 从而导致钻头失效。
目前， 牙轮钻头采用的密封主要有两种形式： 橡胶密封和机械密封。
如， 专利 US 5524718、 5655611采用的是一个橡胶 0形圈密封， US 3765495、 US 4037673 采用的是一个矩形橡胶圈密封， 其优点是制造简单， 缺点是密封寿命短， 与钻头其它构件的 寿命不匹配。
专利 CN 201080787Y US 6033117、 US 6254275 B1采用的是双橡胶密封圈， 它们的优点 是比常规的单橡胶密封圈多了一重密封、 延长了密封寿命， 但是， 结构复杂， 制造难度大。
另外一种形式的密封是机械密封。 如专利 US 4516641、 US 4666001、 US4923020, 采用的 是由两个橡胶供能密封圈和两个金属密封环组成的机械密封。 其优点是动密封由金属密封面 承担， 延长了密封的寿命， 缺点是制造难度大。
•专利 CN 101182756A采用金属弹簧蓄能圈作为静密封圈的同时为机械密封提供密封压力。 其缺点与常规机械密封相同， 制造难度较大。
上述密封系统都要求轴承系统内的压力处于平衡的状态， 以避免密封元件被挤压失效或 密封面出现脱离现象。 发明内容
本发明针对牙轮钻头上述密封中的不足， 采用在一个轴承密封槽内背靠背安装两个弹簧 蓄能密封圈的技术， 依靠弹簧内圈的张力给耐磨性极好、 摩擦系数极低的塑料外壳提供密封 力的方式， 实现轴承的旋转密封。 即具有制造简单的优点， 又提高了轴承密封适应高转速的 能力和适应密封系统内外压差的能力， 延长了密封件的寿命和牙轮钻头的寿命。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的一种典型结构图。
图 2是弹簧蓄能密封圈的典型截面示意图。
图 3是弹簧内圈的结构示意图之一。
图 4是第二种弹簧蓄能密封圈典型截面图。
图 5是 U形弹簧内圈结构示意图。
图 6是第三种弹簧蓄能密封圈典型截面图。
图 7是第四种弹簧蓄能密封圈典型截面图。
图 8是由圆形钢丝卷制而成的〇形弹簧。
图 9是由条状钢丝卷制而成的〇形弹簧。
图 10是本发明的第二种典型结构图。
图 11是本发明的第三种典型结构图。
图 12是本发明的第四种典型结构图。 具体实施方式 图 1是本发明的一种典型结构图。牙掌轴承 1与牙轮内孔 2配合，形成牙轮钻头的轴承。 在轴承的根部有密封槽 3,槽 3内装有外密封圈 4和内密封圈 5。密封圈 4和 5都是 V形截面 的弹簧蓄能密封圈， 两个密封圈的结构、 性能完全相同， 所不同的是安装方向。 外密封圈 4 的开口 7朝着轴承的外部方向， 内密封圈 5的开口方向 6朝着轴承的内部方向。 两个密封圈 背靠背安装在一起。
图 2是 V形弹簧蓄能密封圈的截面示意图。 弹簧蓄能密封圈由弹簧内圈 8和密封外壳 9 组成。在外壳 9上有内凸缘 10、外密封唇 11、内密封唇 12。 内凸缘 10用于固定弹簧内圈 8。 弹簧内圈 8为密封外壳 9提供张力， 使外密封唇 11和内密封唇 12分别与密封槽的内、 外径 密封面接触， 实现牙掌轴承与牙轮内孔之间的密封。
当轴承系统内的油脂压力升高的时候， 内密封圈 5的内、外密封唇更加紧密地与密封槽的 密封面接触， 加强了密封系统的密封能力。
当轴承系统外的泥浆压力升高的时候， 外密封圈 4的内、外密封唇更加紧密地与密封槽的 密封面接触， 也加强了密封系统的密封能力。
密封外壳 9由耐高温、 耐磨损、摩擦系数低的塑料类材质制作而成。如高分子或超高分子 的聚四氟乙烯， 且在聚四氟乙烯中填充一些能承受聚四氟乙烯烧结温度的添加剂， 如玻璃纤 维、 金属、 金属化氧化物、 石墨、 二硫化钼、 碳纤维等。 又如由聚醚醚酮、 聚酰亚胺等塑料 制作密封外壳。 低摩擦系数提高了密封系统适应高转速的能力。
图 3是弹簧内圈的结构示意图之一。 图 3中的弹簧内圈是 V形。 弹簧内圈由片状不锈钢 类别的钢材制作而成。 如 lCrl7Ni7、 NiMol6Crl5W、 CoCr20Ni l5Mo等不锈钢。
图 4是第二种弹簧蓄能密封圈典型截面图。 图中的弹簧内圈是 U形结构。
图 5是 U形弹簧内圈结构示意图。 由不锈钢类条状材料绕制成型后对焊而成。
图 6是第三种弹簧蓄能密封圈典型截面图。 图中的弹簧内圈是〇形结构。
图 7是第四种弹簧蓄能密封圈典型截面图。 图中的弹簧内圈是椭圆形结构。
图 8是由圆形钢丝卷制而成的〇形弹簧， 两头对焊即得 O形弹簧内圈。
图 9是由条状钢丝卷制而成的〇形弹簧， 两头对悍即得〇形弹簧内圈。
图 10是本发明的第二种典型结构图。 图中牙掌轴承 1、 牙轮内孔 2、 密封槽 3、 内密封 圈 5与图 1中的相同。 所不同的是， 与内密封圈 5背对背安装的外密封圈 13内， 装有填充物 14。 填充物 14由低硬度、 耐高温的硅橡胶制成， 用于防止外部泥浆进入密封圈内部空腔， 影 响弹簧内圈的弹性。
图 11是本发明的第三种典型结构图。 图中的两个密封圈 4和 5， 与图 1中的完全相同。 本图与图 1的区别是， 牙掌轴承 15采用了 "牙轮钻头偏心等宽轴承密封槽"中的专利技术， 其承压圆柱体 18与密封圆柱体 17间有偏心和直径的差异。 这种专利技术的 "偏心"和 "直 径的差异"， 确保密封槽 16在圆周方向是等宽度的， 从而为密封圈 4和 5提供了一个在圆周 方向等压缩的工作环境， 降低了密封圈的设计压縮率， 提高了密封圈适应高转速的能力和密 封的寿命。
图 12是本发明的第四种典型结构图。采用了 "牙轮钻头偏心等宽轴承密封槽"中专利技 术的牙掌轴承 15、 与牙轮内孔 2形成专利技术的等宽密封槽 16。 内密封圈 5与外密封圈 13 背对背安装在密封槽 16中。 外密封圈 13内装有填充物 14。

Claims

、一种牙轮钻头轴承密封系统， 主要由一个密封槽和两个背靠背安装在密封槽内的弹簧蓄能 密封圈组成。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的弹簧蓄能密封圈， 主要由弹簧内圈和密封外壳组成。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的弹簧蓄能密封圈， 可以由弹簧内圈、 密封外壳、 中间填充物组成。 、 根据权利要求 2和 3所述的弹簧内圈， 其截面形状为 U形、 V形、 〇形、 或椭圆形等， 由 条状或圆形钢丝绕制而成。
、 根据权利要求 4所述的弹簧内圈， 其材质为不锈钢类合金。
、 根据权利要求 2和 3所述的密封外壳， 其前沿有内凸缘、 外密封唇、 内密封唇。
、 根据权利要求 6所述的密封外壳， 由高分子或超高分子的塑料类材料制作而成。
、 根据权利要求 3所述的中间填充物由低硬度、 耐高温的硅橡胶制作而成。
PCT/CN2012/000431 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 牙轮钻头弹簧蓄能轴承双密封圈 WO2013149358A1 (zh)

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CN105545209A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2016-05-04 西南石油大学 一种牙轮钻头双排燕尾密封结构

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US20110187058A1 (en) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Composite Metallic Elastomeric Sealing Components for Roller Cone Drill Bits
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4903786A (en) * 1988-06-23 1990-02-27 Hughes Tool Company Earth boring bit with improved two piece bearing and seal assembly
US5791421A (en) * 1996-08-06 1998-08-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Optimal material pair for metal face seal in earth-boring bits
CN101182756A (zh) * 2007-12-17 2008-05-21 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 一种牙轮钻头轴承密封结构
US20110187058A1 (en) * 2010-02-03 2011-08-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Composite Metallic Elastomeric Sealing Components for Roller Cone Drill Bits
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CN105545209A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2016-05-04 西南石油大学 一种牙轮钻头双排燕尾密封结构

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