WO2013147496A1 - 무선 통신 시스템에서 연계 아이디 변경 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 - Google Patents
무선 통신 시스템에서 연계 아이디 변경 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method for changing an association ID in a WLAN system and an apparatus for supporting the same.
- WLAN is based on radio frequency technology, and can be used in homes, businesses, or businesses by using portable terminals such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, and portable multimedia players (PMPs). It is a technology that allows wireless access to the Internet in a specific service area.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- PMPs portable multimedia players
- IEEE 802.11n supports high throughput with data throughputs up to 540 Mbps or higher, and also uses MIMO (multi-antenna) at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates.
- MIMO multi-antenna
- An object of the present invention is to propose an improved AID change method and apparatus for the same in a wireless communication system, preferably a wireless LAN system.
- Another object of the present invention is to propose a method and apparatus for allowing a counterpart station that directly communicates with a specific station to recognize the changed AID of the specific station when the AID of the specific station is changed.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a method of changing an association identification (AID) of a first station performing direct communication with a second station (STA) in a wireless communication system, the access point (AP) from the first Receiving a reassignment response frame containing new AID information to be newly assigned to the station; The first station transmitting an update request frame including the new AID information to the second station; And in response to the update request frame, receiving an update response frame from the second station.
- AID association identification
- STA second station
- AP access point
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for changing an association identification (AID) of a first station performing direct communication with a second station (STA) in a wireless communication system, the second station from the first station.
- a first reassignment response comprising, in response to the reassignment request frame, first new AID information to be newly assigned to the first station to the first station and second new AID information to be newly assigned to the second station; Transmitting a frame; And using the existing AID information of the second station, transmitting a second reassignment response frame including the first new AID information and the second new AID information to the second station.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a station apparatus for changing an association identification (AID) while performing direct communication with a station (STA), comprising: a transceiver for transmitting and receiving a radio signal; And a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit an update request frame including the new AID information to the counterpart station when a reassignment response frame including new AID information is received from an access point (AP).
- AID association identification
- STA direct communication with a station
- AP access point
- an access point (AP) apparatus for changing an AID of an association IDentification (AID) of a first station performing direct communication with a second station (STA), A transceiver for transmitting and receiving wireless signals; And a processor, wherein the processor is further configured to: when a reassignment request frame including existing AID information of the second station is received from the first station, first new AID information and the second to be newly allocated to the first station; Transmitting a first reassignment response frame containing the second new AID information to be newly assigned to the station to the first station, and a second reassignment response frame including the first new AID information and the second new AID information. And transmit it to the second station.
- AP access point
- STA second station
- an improved AID changing method and apparatus for the same in a wireless communication system, preferably a wireless LAN system.
- a counterpart station performing direct communication with the specific station can provide a method and an apparatus therefor that can recognize the changed AID of the specific station.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a WLAN system.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a data link layer and a physical layer of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process in a WLAN system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a MAC frame format of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the HT format of the HT Control field in the MAC frame according to FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the VHT format of the HT Control field in the MAC frame according to FIG. 10.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a PPDU frame format of an IEEE 802.11n system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a VHT PPDU frame format of an IEEE 802.11ac system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a general frame format for a Single User (SU) open-loop packet of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- SU Single User
- 16 illustrates a 1 MHz bandwidth preamble format of an IEEE 802.11ah system to which the present invention can be applied.
- 17 is a view for explaining a backoff process in a wireless LAN system to which the present invention can be applied.
- 18 is a diagram for describing a hidden node and an exposed node.
- 19 is a diagram for explaining an RTS and a CTS.
- 20 is a diagram for describing a power management operation.
- 21 to 23 are diagrams for describing in detail the operation of the STA receiving the TIM.
- 24 is a diagram for explaining a group-based AID.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating that an AID of an STA is changed in the same group based on signaling.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an AID allocation frame in the same group for changing an AID of an STA in the same group.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating that an AID of an STA belonging to a specific group is changed to an AID of another group based on signaling.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a problem that may occur when an AID of a STA in which a direct link is established with another STA is changed.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an STA that is reassigned an AID to use both AIDs.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an STA reports an update of an AID to a counterpart STA.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an updated AID provided to a counterpart STA through TDLS management action frames.
- 32 is a diagram illustrating a process of transmitting a confirmation frame to an AP.
- 33 is an exemplary view for explaining that an update response frame is transmitted after SIFS has elapsed after receiving an update request frame.
- 34 is a diagram illustrating an AID reassignment procedure using a reassignment request frame including direct link configuration information.
- 35 is an exemplary diagram for explaining an AID reassignment procedure when direct link number information is included in a reassignment request frame.
- 36 is an exemplary diagram for explaining that an AP directly informs a counterpart STA of a new AID.
- FIG. 37 is an exemplary diagram for explaining that an AP informs a counterpart STA that directly performs communication with the STA, the changed AID of the STA.
- 38 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the wireless access systems IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system and 3GPP2 system. That is, steps or parts which are not described to clearly reveal the technical spirit of the present invention among the embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in the present document can be described by the above standard document.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000.
- TDMA may be implemented with wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
- OFDMA may be implemented in a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA).
- UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is part of an Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, and employs OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink.
- LTE-A Advanced is the evolution of 3GPP LTE.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- the IEEE 802.11 architecture may be composed of a plurality of components, and by their interaction, a WLAN may be provided that supports transparent STA mobility for higher layers.
- the Basic Service Set (BSS) may correspond to a basic building block in an IEEE 802.11 LAN. 1 exemplarily shows that there are two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2) and two STAs are included as members of each BSS (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1 and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2). do.
- an ellipse representing a BSS may be understood to represent a coverage area where STAs included in the BSS maintain communication. This area may be referred to as a basic service area (BSA).
- BSA basic service area
- the most basic type of BSS in an IEEE 802.11 LAN is an independent BSS (IBSS).
- the IBSS may have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs.
- the BSS (BSS1 or BSS2) of FIG. 1, which is the simplest form and other components are omitted, may correspond to a representative example of the IBSS.
- This configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly.
- this type of LAN may not be configured in advance, but may be configured when a LAN is required, which may be referred to as an ad-hoc network.
- the membership of the STA in the BSS may be dynamically changed by turning the STA on or off, the STA entering or exiting the BSS region, or the like.
- the STA may join the BSS using a synchronization process.
- the STA In order to access all services of the BSS infrastructure, the STA must be associated with the BSS. This association may be set up dynamically and may include the use of a Distribution System Service (DSS).
- DSS Distribution System Service
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- components such as a distribution system (DS), a distribution system medium (DSM), and an access point (AP) are added in the structure of FIG. 1.
- DS distribution system
- DSM distribution system medium
- AP access point
- the station-to-station distance directly in the LAN can be limited by PHY performance. In some cases, this distance limit may be sufficient, but in some cases, communication between more distant stations may be necessary.
- the distribution system DS may be configured to support extended coverage.
- the DS refers to a structure in which BSSs are interconnected. Specifically, instead of the BSS independently as shown in FIG. 1, the BSS may exist as an extended type component of a network composed of a plurality of BSSs.
- DS is a logical concept and can be specified by the nature of the distribution system media (DSM).
- the IEEE 802.11 standard logically distinguishes between wireless medium (WM) and distribution system medium (DSM). Each logical medium is used for a different purpose and is used by different components.
- the definition of the IEEE 802.11 standard does not limit these media to the same or to different ones.
- the plurality of media logically different, the flexibility of the IEEE 802.11 LAN structure (DS structure or other network structure) can be described. That is, the IEEE 802.11 LAN structure can be implemented in various ways, the corresponding LAN structure can be specified independently by the physical characteristics of each implementation.
- the DS may support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and providing logical services for handling addresses to destinations.
- the AP means an entity that enables access to the DS through the WM to the associated STAs and has STA functionality. Data movement between the BSS and the DS may be performed through the AP.
- STA2 and STA3 illustrated in FIG. 2 have a functionality of STA, and provide a function of allowing associated STAs STA1 and STA4 to access the DS.
- all APs basically correspond to STAs, all APs are addressable entities.
- the address used by the AP for communication on the WM and the address used by the AP for communication on the DSM need not necessarily be the same.
- Data transmitted from one of the STAs associated with an AP to the STA address of that AP may always be received at an uncontrolled port and processed by an IEEE 802.1X port access entity.
- transmission data (or frame) may be transmitted to the DS.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary structure of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied. 3 conceptually illustrates an extended service set (ESS) for providing wide coverage in addition to the structure of FIG. 2.
- ESS extended service set
- a wireless network of arbitrary size and complexity may be composed of DS and BSSs.
- this type of network is called an ESS network.
- the ESS may correspond to a set of BSSs connected to one DS. However, the ESS does not include a DS.
- the ESS network is characterized by what appears to be an IBSS network at the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. STAs included in the ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move from within one BSS to another BSS (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
- LLC Logical Link Control
- BSSs can be partially overlapped, which is a form commonly used to provide continuous coverage.
- the BSSs may not be physically connected, and logically there is no limit to the distance between the BSSs.
- the BSSs can be located at the same physical location, which can be used to provide redundancy.
- one (or more) IBSS or ESS networks may be physically present in the same space as one (or more than one) ESS network.
- the ad-hoc network is operating at the location of the ESS network, if IEEE 802.11 networks are physically overlapped by different organizations, or if two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location. It may correspond to an ESS network type in a case.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a WLAN system.
- an example of an infrastructure BSS including a DS is shown.
- BSS1 and BSS2 constitute an ESS.
- an STA is a device that operates according to MAC / PHY regulations of IEEE 802.11.
- the STA includes an AP STA and a non-AP STA.
- Non-AP STAs generally correspond to devices that users directly handle, such as laptop computers and mobile phones.
- STA1, STA3, and STA4 correspond to non-AP STAs
- STA2 and STA5 correspond to AP STAs.
- a non-AP STA includes a terminal, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), and a mobile terminal. May be referred to as a mobile subscriber station (MSS).
- the AP is a base station (BS), Node-B (Node-B), evolved Node-B (eNB), and Base Transceiver System (BTS) in other wireless communication fields.
- BS base station
- Node-B Node-B
- eNB evolved Node-B
- BTS Base Transceiver System
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a data link layer and a physical layer of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- the physical layer 520 may include a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Entity 521 and a Physical Medium Dependent Entity 522.
- the PLCP entity 521 connects the MAC sub layer 510 with the data frame.
- the PMD entity 522 wirelessly transmits and receives data with two or more STAs using the OFDM scheme.
- Both the MAC sublayer 510 and the physical layer 520 may include a conceptual management entity, and may be referred to as a MAC Sublayer Management Entity (MLME) 511 and a Physical Layer Management Entity (PLME) 523, respectively.
- MLME MAC Sublayer Management Entity
- PLME Physical Layer Management Entity
- a Station Management Entity (SME) 530 may exist within each STA.
- the SME 530 is a management entity that is independent of each layer and collects layer-based state information from various layer management entities or sets values of specific parameters of each layer.
- the SME 530 may perform this function on behalf of general system management entities and may implement standard management protocols.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of exchanging GET / SET primitives.
- the XX-GET.request primitive is used to request the value of a Management Information Base attribute (MIB attribute), and the XX-GET.confirm primitive returns the value of the corresponding MIB attribute if the status is 'SUCCESS'. Otherwise, an error is displayed in the status field and returned.
- the XX-SET.request primitive is used to request that a specified MIB attribute be set to a given value. If the MIB attribute is meant for a particular action, this request requests the execution of that particular action.
- the state is 'SUCCESS' XX-SET.confirm primitive, it means that the specified MIB attribute is set to the requested value. In other cases, the status field indicates an error condition. If this MIB attribute means a specific operation, this primitive can confirm that the operation was performed.
- the MLME 511, the SME 530, the PLME 523, and the SME 530 each use various primitives through MLME_SAP (MLME_Service Access Point, 550) and PLME_SAP (PLME_Service Access Point, 560), respectively. I can exchange it.
- the primitives may be exchanged between the MLME 511 and the PLME 523 through the MLME-PLME_SAP (MLME-PLME_Service Access Point) 570.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process in a WLAN system to which the present invention can be applied.
- an STA In order for an STA to set up a link and transmit / receive data with respect to a network, an STA first discovers the network, performs authentication, establishes an association, and authenticates for security. It must go through the back.
- the link setup process may also be referred to as session initiation process and session setup process.
- a process of discovery, authentication, association, and security establishment of a link setup process may be collectively called an association process.
- the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
- the network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, the STA must find a network that can participate. The STA must identify a compatible network before joining the wireless network. A network identification process existing in a specific area is called scanning.
- the STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame and waits for a response to discover which AP exists in the vicinity while moving channels.
- the responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmits the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame.
- the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
- the AP transmits a beacon frame, so the AP becomes a responder.
- the responder is not constant.
- an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 stores the BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and stores the next channel (eg, number 2).
- Channel to perform scanning (i.e., probe request / response transmission and reception on channel 2) in the same manner.
- the scanning operation may be performed by a passive scanning method.
- passive scanning the STA performing scanning waits for a beacon frame while moving channels.
- the beacon frame is one of management frames in IEEE 802.11.
- the beacon frame is notified of the existence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted to allow the STA performing scanning to find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
- the AP periodically transmits a beacon frame
- the IBSS STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit a beacon frame.
- the STA that performs the scanning receives the beacon frame, the STA stores the information on the BSS included in the beacon frame and records beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel.
- the STA may store BSS related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.
- active scanning has the advantage of less delay and power consumption than passive scanning.
- step S620 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S620.
- This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish from the security setup operation of step S640 described later.
- the authentication process includes a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA.
- An authentication frame used for authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.
- the authentication frame includes an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network, and a finite cyclic group. Group) and the like. This corresponds to some examples of information that may be included in the authentication request / response frame, and may be replaced with other information or further include additional information.
- the STA may send an authentication request frame to the AP.
- the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame.
- the AP may provide a result of the authentication process to the STA through an authentication response frame.
- the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
- the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, beacon listening interval, service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain. Information about supported operating classes, TIM Broadcast Indication Map Broadcast request, interworking service capability, and the like.
- the association response frame may include information related to various capabilities, status codes, association IDs (AIDs), support rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicators (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Information such as an indicator, a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scan parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a quality of service (QoS) map.
- AIDs association IDs
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- RCPI Received Channel Power Indicators
- Received Signal to Noise Information such as an indicator, a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scan parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a quality of service (QoS) map.
- a security setup process may be performed in step S640.
- the security setup process of step S640 may be referred to as an authentication process through a Robust Security Network Association (RSNA) request / response, and the authentication process of step S620 is called a first authentication process, and the security setup process of step S640 is performed. It may also be referred to simply as the authentication process.
- RSNA Robust Security Network Association
- the security setup process of step S640 may include, for example, performing a private key setup through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. .
- the security setup process may be performed according to a security scheme not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- 'QSTA In order to support direct link establishment between STAs supporting QoS (hereinafter, referred to as 'QSTA'), QSTAs directly set up a direct link setup (DLS) setup request and a DLS setup response without the assistance of an AP. , Management action frames such as DLS teardown, etc.
- Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) encapsulates and transmits a frame of management operations such as DLS setup request, DLS setup response, DLS decomposition, etc., and enables intelligent negotiation between STAs and reduction of network congestion.
- the action field provides a mechanism for specifying extended management actions. Detailed description thereof will be made with reference to FIG. 7.
- the operation field may include a category field and a detailed operation field (or may be referred to as a 'TDLS operation field').
- TDLS operation field located immediately after the category field distinguishes TDLS operation frame formats.
- Table 1 The values of the TDLS operation field associated with each frame format within the TDLS category are illustrated in Table 1.
- TDLS Action field valud Meaning 0 TDLS Setup Request One TDLS Setup Response 2 TDLS Setup Confirm 3 TDLS Teardown 4 TDLS Peer Traffic Indication 5 TDLS Channel Switch Request 6 TDLS Channel Switch Response 7 TDLS Peer PSM Request 8 TDLS Peer PSM Response 9 TDLS Peer Traffic Response 10 TDLS Discovery Request 11-255 Reserved
- FIG. 8 shows the configuration of a TDLS frame.
- the configuration of the payload type field shown in FIG. 8 is illustrated in Table 2.
- MLME primitives may support signaling of TDLS.
- 9 illustrates a TDLS direct link establishment processor process. However, FIG. 9 is only one example of basic procedures, and does not mean that all of the protocols can be used.
- IEEE 802.11n In order to overcome the limitation of communication speed in WLAN, IEEE 802.11n exists as a relatively recently established technical standard. IEEE 802.11n aims to increase the speed and reliability of networks and to extend the operating range of wireless networks. More specifically, IEEE 802.11n supports High Throughput (HT) with data throughput of up to 540 Mbps or more, and also uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates. It is based on Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technology.
- HT High Throughput
- MIMO Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs
- the next generation WLAN system supporting Very High Throughput is the next version of the IEEE 802.11n WLAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11ac), which is 1 Gbps at the MAC Service Access Point (SAP).
- IEEE 802.11ac the next version of the IEEE 802.11n WLAN system
- SAP MAC Service Access Point
- the next generation WLAN system supports MU-MIMO (Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission in which a plurality of STAs simultaneously access a channel in order to use the wireless channel efficiently.
- MU-MIMO Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output
- the AP may simultaneously transmit packets to one or more STAs that are paired with MIMO.
- supporting the WLAN system operation in whitespace has been discussed.
- TV whitespace TV WS
- the idle frequency band eg, 54-698 MHz band
- whitespace may be referred to as a licensed band that can be preferentially used by a licensed user.
- An authorized user refers to a user who is authorized to use an authorized band and may also be referred to as a licensed device, a primary user, an incumbent user, or the like.
- an AP and / or STA operating in a WS should provide protection for an authorized user. For example, if an authorized user such as a microphone is already using a specific WS channel, which is a frequency band divided in a regulation to have a specific bandwidth in the WS band, the AP may be protected. And / or the STA cannot use a frequency band corresponding to the corresponding WS channel. In addition, the AP and / or STA should stop using the frequency band when the authorized user uses the frequency band currently used for frame transmission and / or reception.
- the AP and / or STA should be preceded by a procedure for determining whether a specific frequency band in the WS band is available, that is, whether there is an authorized user in the frequency band. Knowing whether there is an authorized user in a specific frequency band is called spectrum sensing. As the spectrum sensing mechanism, energy detection, signal detection, and the like are used. If the strength of the received signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, it may be determined that the authorized user is in use, or if the DTV preamble is detected, it may be determined that the authorized user is in use.
- M2M communication refers to a communication method that includes one or more machines (Machine), may also be referred to as MTC (Machine Type Communication) or thing communication.
- a machine refers to an entity that does not require human intervention or intervention.
- a device such as a meter or a vending machine equipped with a wireless communication module, as well as a user device such as a smartphone that can automatically connect to a network and perform communication without a user's operation / intervention, may be used. This may correspond to an example.
- the M2M communication may include communication between devices (eg, device-to-device (D2D) communication), communication between a device, and an application server.
- D2D device-to-device
- Examples of device and server communication include communication between vending machines and servers, point of sale devices and servers, and electricity, gas or water meter readers and servers.
- applications based on M2M communication may include security, transportation, health care, and the like. Considering the nature of these applications, M2M communication should generally be able to support the transmission and reception of small amounts of data at low speeds in the presence of very many devices.
- M2M communication should be able to support a large number of STAs.
- WLAN system it is assumed that a maximum of 2007 STAs are linked to one AP.
- methods for supporting a case where a larger number (approximately 6000 STAs) are linked to one AP are provided. Is being discussed.
- many applications are expected to support / require low data rates in M2M communication.
- an STA may recognize whether data to be transmitted to it is based on a TIM (Traffic Indication Map) element, and methods for reducing the bitmap size of the TIM are discussed. It is becoming.
- TIM Traffic Indication Map
- M2M communication is expected to be a lot of traffic with a very long transmission / reception interval. For example, very small amounts of data are required to be sent and received every long period (eg, one month), such as electricity / gas / water use. Accordingly, in the WLAN system, even if the number of STAs that can be associated with one AP becomes very large, it is possible to efficiently support the case where the number of STAs having data frames to be received from the AP during one beacon period is very small. The ways to do this are discussed.
- WLAN technology is rapidly evolving and, in addition to the above examples, technologies for direct link setup, media streaming performance improvement, support for high speed and / or large initial session setup, support for extended bandwidth and operating frequency, etc. Is being developed.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a MAC frame format of an IEEE 802.11 system to which the present invention can be applied.
- the MAC frame format includes a MAC header (MHR), a MAC payload and a MAC footer (MFR).
- MHR includes the Frame Control field, the Duration / ID field, the Address 1 field, the Address 2 field, the Address 3 field, and the Sequence Control.
- ) Field includes the Frame Control field, the Duration / ID field, the Address 1 field, the Address 2 field, the Address 3 field, and the Sequence Control.
- ) Field an Address 4 field, a QoS Control field, and an HT Control field.
- the frame body field is defined as a MAC payload, and data to be transmitted from a higher layer is located and has a variable size.
- the frame check sequence (FCS) field is defined as a MAC footer and used for error detection of MAC frames.
- the first three fields (frame control field, duration / identifier field, address 1 field) and the last field (FCS field) form the minimum frame format and are present in every frame. Other fields may exist only in a specific frame type.
- each field described above may follow the definition of the IEEE 802.11 system.
- each field described above corresponds to an example of fields that may be included in a MAC frame, and may be replaced with another field or further fields may be included.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the HT format of the HT Control field in the MAC frame according to FIG. 10.
- the HT control field includes a VHT subfield, a link adaptation subfield, a calibration position subfield, a calibration sequence subfield, and channel state information / adjustment (CSI / Steering).
- CSI / Steering channel state information / adjustment
- NDP Announcement Null Data Packet Announcement subfield
- Access Category Constraint AC Constraint
- Reverse Authorization / Additional PPDU RSG: Reverse Direction Grant / More PPDU
- the link adaptation subfield may include a training request (TRQ) subfield, an MCS request or antenna selection indication (MAI) request or antenna selection (ASL) subdication, and an MCS feedback sequence indication (MFSI). It may include a MCS Feedback Sequence Identifier subfield, an MCS Feedback and Antenna Selection Command / data (MFB / ASELC) subfield.
- the TRQ subfield is set to 1 when requesting a responder to transmit a sounding PPDU, and is set to 0 when requesting a responder to transmit a sounding PPDU.
- the MAI subfield is set to 14 when the MAI subfield is set to 14, this indicates an ASEL indication, and the MFB / ASELC subfield is interpreted as an antenna selection command / data. Otherwise, the MAI subfield indicates an MCS request and the MFB / ASELC subfield is interpreted as MCS feedback.
- MCS request MCS Request
- the sounding PPDU refers to a PPDU carrying a training symbol that can be used for channel estimation.
- Each of the above-described subfields corresponds to an example of subfields that may be included in the HT control field, and may be replaced with another subfield or may further include additional subfields.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the VHT format of the HT Control field in the MAC frame according to FIG. 10.
- the HT control field includes a VHT subfield, an MRQ subfield, an MSI subfield, an MCS feedback sequence indication / group ID least significant bit (MFSI / GID-L: LSB of Group ID) subfield, an MFB subfield, Group ID Most Significant Bit (GID-H: MSB of Group ID) subfield, Coding Type subfield, FFC Tx Type: Transmission type of MFB response subfield, spontaneous Unsolicited MFB It may include a subfield, an AC Constraint subfield, and an RDG / More PPDU subfield.
- the MFB subfield includes a VHT Number of space time streams (N_STS) subfield, an MCS subfield, a bandwidth (BW) subfield, and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) subfield. It may include.
- Table 3 shows a description of each subfield in the VHT format of the HT control field.
- MRQ MCS request Set to 1 when requesting MCS feedback (solicited MFB). Otherwise, set to 0 MSI MRQ sequence identifier If the MRQ subfield is set to 1, then the MSI subfield contains a sequence number in the range of 0 to 6 identifying the particular request. If the MRQ subfield is set to 0, the MSI subfield is reserved MFSI / GID-L MFB sequence identifier / LSB of Group ID If the unsolicited MFB subfield is set to 0, the MFSI / GID-L subfield contains the received value of the MSI contained in the frame indicated by the MFB information.
- the MFSI / GID-L subfield contains the least significant 3 bits of the group ID of the PPDU represented by the voluntary MFB.
- MFB VHT N_STS, MCS, BW, SNR feedback MFB subfield contains the recommended MFB.
- the coding type subfield includes coding information indicated by the spontaneous MFB (1 for binary convolutional code (BCC) and 0 for low-density parity check (LDPC)). Otherwise, it is reserved FB Tx Type Transmission type of MFB response If the unsolicited MFB subfield is set to 1 and the FB Tx Type subfield is set to 0, the spontaneous MFB is sent using an unbeamformed VHT PPDU or space-time block coding (STBC) VHT PPDU. Represents one of diversity.
- BCC binary convolutional code
- LDPC low-density parity check
- the spontaneous MFB represents a beamformed SU-MIMO (Single User MIMO) VHT PPDU. Otherwise, it is reserved Unsolicited MFB Unsolicited MCS feedback indicator Set to 1 if the MFB is not a response from the MRQ. Set to 0 if MFB is a response from MRQ AC Constraint Set to 0 if the response to reverse grant (RDG) includes data frames from any traffic identifier (TID), and the response to reverse grant (RDG) is from the same reverse (RD) initiator.
- RDG response to reverse grant
- TID traffic identifier
- RGD response to reverse grant
- RDG / More PPDU subfield 0 if only include frames from the same AC as the last data frame received RDG / More PPDU If the RDG / More PPDU subfield is 0, it indicates that there is no reverse acknowledgment (RDG) when transmitted by the reverse initiator (RD), and when the reverse responder transmits, the PPDU carrying the MAC frame is final. Indicates transmission. If the RDG / More PPDU subfield is 1, it indicates that there is a reverse grant (RDG) when transmitted by the reverse (RD) initiator, and other after the PPDU that carries the MAC frame when the responder transmits. Indicates that the PPDU is following
- Each of the above-described subfields corresponds to an example of subfields that may be included in the HT control field, and may be replaced with another subfield or may further include additional subfields.
- the MAC sublayer delivers a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) as a physical service data unit (PSDU) to the physical layer.
- MPDU MAC protocol data unit
- PSDU physical service data unit
- the PLCP entity generates a PLCP protocol data unit (PPDU) by adding a PHY header and a preamble to the received PSDU.
- PPDU PLCP protocol data unit
- FIG. 13 illustrates a PPDU frame format of an IEEE 802.11n system to which the present invention can be applied.
- FIG. 13A illustrates a PPDU frame according to a non-HT format, a HT mixed format, and a HT-Greenfield format.
- Non-HT format represents a frame format for a legacy legacy system (IEEE 802.11 a / g) STA.
- Non-HT format PPDUs include Legacy-Short Training field (L-STF), Legacy-Long Training field (L-LTF), Legacy-Signal (L-SIG). Contains a legacy format preamble that consists of fields.
- the HT mixed format indicates a frame format for an IEEE 802.11n STA while allowing communication of an existing legacy system STA.
- HT mixed format PPDUs include legacy format preambles consisting of L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, HT-Short Training field (HT-STF), HT-Long Training field (HT-LTF: HT-format preamble including HT-Long Training field) and HT-Signal (HT-SIG) field. Since L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG mean legacy fields for backward compatibility, they are identical to the non-HT format from L-STF to L-SIG, and STA is followed by the HT-SIG field. The STA may know that the mixed format PPDU.
- the HT-Greenfield format represents a frame format for IEEE 802.11n STA in a format incompatible with existing legacy systems.
- the HT-Greenfield Format PPDU includes a greenfield preamble consisting of HT-GF-STF (HT-Greefield-STF), HT-LTF1, HT-SIG and one or more HT-LTFs. .
- the Data field includes a SERVICE field, a PSDU, a tail bit, and a pad bit. All bits of the data field are scrambled.
- 13B illustrates a service field included in a data field.
- the service field has 16 bits. Each bit is assigned from 0 to 15, and transmitted sequentially from bit 0. Bits 0 to 6 are set to 0 and used to synchronize the descrambler in the receiver.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a VHT PPDU frame format of an IEEE 802.11ac system to which the present invention can be applied.
- a VHT format PPDU includes a legacy format preamble consisting of L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, and a VHT consisting of VHT-SIG-A, HT-STF, and HT-LTF before a data field. It includes a format preamble. Since L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG mean legacy fields for backward compatibility, they are identical to the non-HT format from L-STF to L-SIG, and the STA is followed by the VHT-SIG field. It can be seen that it is a VHT format PPDU.
- the L-STF is a field for frame detection, auto gain control (AGC), diversity detection, coarse frequency / time synchronization, and the like.
- L-LTF is a field for fine frequency / time synchronization and channel estimation.
- L-SIG is a field for transmitting legacy control information.
- VHT-SIG-A is a VHT field for transmitting common control information of VHT STAs.
- VHT-STF is a field for AGC, beamformed stream for MIMO.
- VHT-LTFs are fields for channel estimation and beamformed streams for MIMO.
- VHT-SIG-B is a field for transmitting control information specific to each STA.
- the general format for a single user open loop has a structure similar to the green field preamble of the IEEE 802.11n system.
- the frame format for a single user open loop packet consists of STF, LTF1, SIG and one or more LTFs and data fields.
- the STF field uses the same tones as defined in IEEE 802.11n (ie, 2 MHz each), and the STF uses 12 non-zero tones. Non-zero tones are mapped with space-time streams using a column of the P matrix, in the same way as the IEEE 802.11n GF preamble.
- the LTF field occupies 2 MHz or more and has the same FFT size as the VHTLTF signal corresponding to the IEEE 802.11ac packet.
- the SIG field uses two symbols, each modulated with Q-BPSK, as in the green field preamble of IEEE 802.11n.
- 48 data tones each occupy a subband within 2 MHz and are modulated using either IEEE 802.11n or IEEE 802.11ac MCS0.
- Multiple data tones are mapped with multiple space-time streams using a column of the P matrix, in the same way as the IEEE 802.11n GF preamble.
- SIGA may be used in both a single user (SU) environment and a multi user (MU) environment, but SIGB may be used only in a multi-user environment.
- SIGA can be changed in structure through the distinction between SU and MU by autodetection.
- Table 4 shows the size of each field in SIGA in single-user and multi-user environments.
- Length / Duration field is symbol unit when Aggregation is 1 (ON), when Aggregation is 0 (OFF), when packet size of Mandate Aggregated MAC Protocol Data Unit (AMPDU) is larger than 511 bytes, and byte in multi-user environment. Unit.
- Nsts represents 1-4 STSs in 2bits in a single-user environment, and 0-3 STS for each of 4 users in 8bits in a multi-user environment.
- Coding indicates BCC / LDPC with 1 bit in single user environment and additional symbols during LDPC encoding with other bits.
- 4 bits indicate the BCC / LDPC of 4 clients, and when an LDPC is encoded by 1 bit, any user has additional heart attacks.
- the MCS is a 4-bit index in a single user environment and reuses 3 bits as a BCC / LDCP indicator for 2 to 4 users, similar to VHTSIGA in IEEE 802.11ac in a multi-user environment.
- Aggregation can be applied primarily in a single user environment and preliminary in a multi-user environment.
- CRC can be fully implemented with 4 bits.
- GID can be used in 6bits in a multiuser environment, but it is not necessary in a single user environment.
- PAID is 9 bits, which is not necessary in a multiuser environment.
- Table 5 shows the size of each field in SIGB according to bandwidth (BW).
- a 1 MHz bandwidth preamble format includes STF1, LTF1, repeatedly encoded SIG, one or more LTFs, and repeatedly or non-repetitively encoded data fields.
- Table 6 is for describing a field of a repeatedly encoded SIG.
- a basic access mechanism of MAC is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) mechanism.
- the CSMA / CA mechanism is also called the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 MAC. It basically employs a "listen before talk" access mechanism.
- the AP and / or STA may sense a radio channel or medium during a predetermined time period (e.g., during a DCF Inter-Frame Space (DIFS), before starting transmission.
- DIFS DCF Inter-Frame Space
- a delay period for example, a random backoff period
- HCF hybrid coordination function
- PCF Point Coordination Function
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- HCCA HCF Controlled Channel Access
- EDCA is a competition based approach for providers to provide data frames to multiple users
- HCCA uses a non-competition based channel access scheme using a polling mechanism.
- the HCF includes a media access mechanism for improving the quality of service (QoS) of the WLAN, and can transmit QoS data in both a contention period (CP) and a contention free period (CFP).
- QoS quality of service
- 17 is a view for explaining a backoff process in a wireless LAN system to which the present invention can be applied.
- the random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and may be determined to be one of values in the range of 0 to CW.
- CW is a contention window parameter value.
- the CW parameter is given CWmin as an initial value, but may take a double value in case of transmission failure (eg, when an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received).
- the CW parameter value is CWmax, data transmission can be attempted while maintaining the CWmax value until the data transmission is successful. If the data transmission is successful, the CW parameter value is reset to the CWmin value.
- the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. If the medium is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and waits; if the medium is idle, it resumes the remaining countdown.
- the STA3 may confirm that the medium is idle as much as DIFS and transmit the frame immediately. Meanwhile, the remaining STAs monitor and wait for the medium to be busy. In the meantime, data may also be transmitted in each of STA1, STA2, and STA5, and each STA waits for DIFS when the medium is monitored idle, and then counts down the backoff slot according to a random backoff count value selected by the STA. Can be performed. In the example of FIG. 17, STA2 selects the smallest backoff count value and STA1 selects the largest backoff count value.
- the remaining backoff time of the STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time of the STA1 at the time when the STA2 finishes the backoff count and starts the frame transmission.
- STA1 and STA5 stop counting for a while and wait for STA2 to occupy the medium.
- the STA1 and the STA5 resume the stopped backoff count after waiting for DIFS. That is, the frame transmission can be started after counting down the remaining backoff slots by the remaining backoff time. Since the remaining backoff time of the STA5 is shorter than that of the STA1, the STA5 starts frame transmission. Meanwhile, while STA2 occupies the medium, data to be transmitted may also occur in STA4.
- the STA4 waits for DIFS, performs a countdown according to a random backoff count value selected by the STA4, and starts frame transmission.
- the remaining backoff time of STA5 coincides with an arbitrary backoff count value of STA4.
- a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 receive an ACK, and thus data transmission fails. In this case, STA4 and STA5 may double the CW value, select a random backoff count value, and perform a countdown.
- the STA1 waits while the medium is occupied due to transmission of the STA4 and STA5, waits for DIFS when the medium is idle, and starts frame transmission after the remaining backoff time passes.
- the CSMA / CA mechanism includes virtual carrier sensing in addition to physical carrier sensing in which the AP and / or STA directly sense the medium.
- Virtual carrier sensing is intended to compensate for problems that may occur in media access, such as a hidden node problem.
- the MAC of the WLAN system may use a network allocation vector (NAV).
- the NAV is a value in which an AP and / or STA currently using or authorized to use a medium instructs another AP and / or STA how long to remain until the medium becomes available.
- the value set to NAV corresponds to a period in which the medium is scheduled to be used by the AP and / or STA transmitting the frame, and the STA receiving the NAV value is prohibited from accessing the medium during the period.
- the NAV may be set according to a value of a duration field of the MAC header of the frame.
- 18 is a diagram for describing a hidden node and an exposed node.
- STA A illustrates an example of a hidden node, in which STA A and STA B are in communication and STA C has information to transmit.
- STA A may be transmitting information to STA B, it may be determined that the medium is idle when STA C performs carrier sensing before sending data to STA B. This is because transmission of STA A (ie, media occupation) may not be sensed at the location of STA C.
- STA B since STA B receives the information of STA A and STA C at the same time, a collision occurs.
- STA A may be referred to as a hidden node of STA C.
- FIG. 18B illustrates an example of an exposed node, in which case STA B has information to be transmitted from STA D while STA B is transmitting data to STA A.
- STA C when STA C performs carrier sensing, it may be determined that the medium is occupied by the transmission of STA B. Accordingly, since STA C is sensed as a medium occupancy state even if there is information to be transmitted to STA D, it must wait until the medium becomes idle. However, since STA A is actually outside the transmission range of STA C, transmission from STA C and transmission from STA B may not collide with STA A's point of view, so STA C is unnecessary until STA B stops transmitting. To wait. At this time, STA C may be referred to as an exposed node of STA B.
- 19 is a diagram for explaining an RTS and a CTS.
- a short signaling packet such as a request to send (RTS) and a clear to send (CTS) may be used.
- RTS request to send
- CTS clear to send
- the RTS / CTS between the two STAs may allow the surrounding STA (s) to overhear, allowing the surrounding STA (s) to consider whether to transmit information between the two STAs. For example, when an STA to transmit data transmits an RTS frame to an STA receiving the data, the STA receiving the data may inform the neighboring terminals that it will receive the data by transmitting the CTS frame to the surrounding terminals.
- FIG. 19A illustrates an example of a method for solving a hidden node problem, and assumes that both STA A and STA C try to transmit data to STA B.
- STA A sends the RTS to STA B
- STA B transmits the CTS to both STA A and STA C around it.
- STA C waits until data transmission between STA A and STA B is completed, thereby avoiding collision.
- FIG. 19B illustrates an example of a method for solving an exposed node problem, and STA C overhears RTS / CTS transmission between STA A and STA B, so that STA C is another STA (eg, STA). It may be determined that no collision will occur even if data is transmitted to D). That is, STA B transmits the RTS to all the surrounding terminals, and only STA A having the data to actually transmit the CTS. Since STA C receives only RTS and not STA A's CTS, it can be seen that STA A is out of STC C's carrier sensing.
- the WLAN system channel sensing must be performed before the STA performs transmission and reception, and always sensing the channel causes continuous power consumption of the STA.
- the power consumption in the receive state is not significantly different from the power consumption in the transmit state, and maintaining the receive state is also a great burden for the power limited STA (ie, operated by a battery). Therefore, if the STA maintains a reception standby state in order to continuously sense the channel, it inefficiently consumes power without any particular advantage in terms of WLAN throughput.
- the WLAN system supports a power management (PM) mode of the STA.
- PM power management
- the power management mode of the STA is divided into an active mode and a power save (PS) mode.
- the STA basically operates in the active mode.
- the STA operating in the active mode maintains an awake state.
- the awake state is a state in which normal operation such as frame transmission and reception or channel scanning is possible.
- the STA operating in the PS mode operates by switching between a sleep state and an awake state.
- the STA operating in the sleep state operates at the minimum power, and does not perform frame scanning as well as channel scanning.
- the STA operates in the sleep state for as long as possible, power consumption is reduced, so the STA has an increased operation period. However, it is impossible to operate unconditionally long because frame transmission and reception are impossible in the sleep state. If there is a frame to be transmitted to the AP, the STA operating in the sleep state may transmit the frame by switching to the awake state. On the other hand, when the AP has a frame to transmit to the STA, the STA in the sleep state may not receive it and may not know that there is a frame to receive. Accordingly, the STA may need to switch to the awake state according to a specific period in order to know whether or not the frame to be transmitted to (or, if there is, receive it) exists.
- 20 is a diagram for describing a power management operation.
- the AP 210 transmits a beacon frame to STAs in a BSS at regular intervals (S211, S212, S213, S214, S215, and S216).
- the beacon frame includes a traffic indication map (TIM) information element.
- the TIM information element includes information indicating that the AP 210 has buffered traffic for STAs associated with the AP 210 and transmits a frame.
- the TIM element includes a TIM used to inform unicast frames and a delivery traffic indication map (DTIM) used to inform multicast or broadcast frames.
- DTIM delivery traffic indication map
- the AP 210 may transmit the DTIM once every three beacon frames.
- STA1 220 and STA2 230 are STAs operating in a PS mode.
- the STA1 220 and the STA2 230 may be configured to receive a TIM element transmitted by the AP 210 by changing from a sleep state to an awake state at every wakeup interval of a predetermined period. .
- Each STA may calculate a time to switch to the awake state based on its local clock. In the example of FIG. 20, it is assumed that the clock of the STA coincides with the clock of the AP.
- the predetermined wakeup interval may be set such that the STA1 220 may switch to the awake state for each beacon interval to receive the TIM element. Accordingly, the STA1 220 may be switched to an awake state when the AP 210 first transmits a beacon frame (S211) (S221). STA1 220 may receive a beacon frame and obtain a TIM element. When the obtained TIM element indicates that there is a frame to be transmitted to the STA1 220, the STA1 220 sends a PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll) frame requesting the AP 210 to transmit the frame. It may be transmitted to (S221a). The AP 210 may transmit the frame to the STA1 220 in response to the PS-Poll frame (S231). After receiving the frame, the STA1 220 switches to the sleep state again.
- S211 beacon frame
- S221a Power Save-Poll
- the AP 210 When the AP 210 transmits the beacon frame for the second time, the AP 210 does not transmit the beacon frame at the correct beacon interval because the medium is busy, such as another device accessing the medium. It can be transmitted at a delayed time (S212). In this case, the STA1 220 switches the operation mode to the awake state according to the beacon interval, but fails to receive the delayed beacon frame, and switches back to the sleep state (S222).
- the beacon frame may include a TIM element set to DTIM.
- the AP 210 delays transmission of the beacon frame (S213).
- the STA1 220 may operate by switching to an awake state according to the beacon interval, and may obtain a DTIM through a beacon frame transmitted by the AP 210. It is assumed that the DTIM acquired by the STA1 220 indicates that there is no frame to be transmitted to the STA1 220 and that a frame for another STA exists. In this case, the STA1 220 may determine that there is no frame to receive, and then switch to the sleep state again.
- the AP 210 transmits the frame to the STA after transmitting the beacon frame (S232).
- the AP 210 transmits a beacon frame fourthly (S214).
- the STA1 220 cannot adjust the wakeup interval for receiving the TIM element because the STA1 220 cannot obtain information indicating that there is buffered traffic for itself through the previous two times of receiving the TIM element.
- the wakeup interval value of the STA1 220 may be adjusted.
- the STA1 220 may be configured to switch the operating state by waking up once every three beacon intervals from switching the operating state for TIM element reception every beacon interval. Accordingly, the STA1 220 cannot acquire the corresponding TIM element because the AP 210 maintains a sleep state at the time when the AP 210 transmits the fourth beacon frame (S214) and transmits the fifth beacon frame (S215).
- the STA1 220 may operate by switching to an awake state and may acquire a TIM element included in the beacon frame (S224). Since the TIM element is a DTIM indicating that a broadcast frame exists, the STA1 220 may receive a broadcast frame transmitted by the AP 210 without transmitting the PS-Poll frame to the AP 210. (S234). Meanwhile, the wakeup interval set in the STA2 230 may be set in a longer period than the STA1 220. Accordingly, the STA2 230 may switch to the awake state at the time S215 at which the AP 210 transmits the beacon frame for the fifth time (S215) and receive the TIM element (S241).
- the STA2 230 may know that there is a frame to be transmitted to itself through the TIM element, and transmit a PS-Poll frame to the AP 210 to request frame transmission (S241a).
- the AP 210 may transmit the frame to the STA2 230 in response to the PS-Poll frame (S233).
- the TIM element includes a TIM indicating whether there is a frame to be transmitted to the STA or a DTIM indicating whether there is a broadcast / multicast frame.
- DTIM may be implemented through field setting of a TIM element.
- 21 to 23 are diagrams for describing in detail the operation of the STA receiving the TIM.
- an STA may switch from a sleep state to an awake state to receive a beacon frame including a TIM from an AP, interpret the received TIM element, and know that there is buffered traffic to be transmitted to the AP. .
- the STA may transmit a PS-Poll frame to request an AP to transmit a data frame.
- the AP may transmit the frame to the STA.
- the STA may receive a data frame and transmit an acknowledgment (ACK) frame thereto to the AP. The STA may then go back to sleep.
- ACK acknowledgment
- the AP may operate according to an immediate response method of transmitting a data frame after a predetermined time (for example, short inter-frame space (SIFS)) after receiving a PS-Poll frame from the STA. Can be. Meanwhile, when the AP fails to prepare a data frame to be transmitted to the STA during the SIFS time after receiving the PS-Poll frame, the AP may operate according to a deferred response method, which will be described with reference to FIG. 22.
- a predetermined time for example, short inter-frame space (SIFS)
- SIFS short inter-frame space
- the STA switches from the sleep state to the awake state, receives a TIM from the AP, and transmits a PS-Poll frame to the AP through contention as in the example of FIG. 21.
- the AP fails to prepare a data frame during SIFS even after receiving the PS-Poll frame, the AP may transmit an ACK frame to the STA instead of transmitting the data frame.
- the AP may transmit the data frame to the STA after performing contention.
- the STA may transmit an ACK frame indicating that the data frame was successfully received to the AP and go to sleep.
- STAs may transition from a sleep state to an awake state to receive a beacon frame containing a DTIM element from the AP. STAs may know that a multicast / broadcast frame will be transmitted through the received DTIM.
- the AP may transmit data (ie, multicast / broadcast frame) immediately after the beacon frame including the DTIM without transmitting and receiving the PS-Poll frame.
- the STAs may receive data while continuously awake after receiving the beacon frame including the DTIM, and may switch back to the sleep state after the data reception is completed.
- STAs In the method of operating a power saving mode based on the TIM (or DTIM) protocol described above with reference to FIGS. 21 to 23, STAs have a data frame to be transmitted for themselves through STA identification information included in the TIM element. You can check.
- the STA identification information may be information related to an association identifier (AID), which is an identifier assigned to the STA at the time of association with the AP.
- AID association identifier
- the AID is used as a unique identifier for each STA within one BSS.
- the AID may be assigned to one of values from 1 to 2007.
- 14 bits may be allocated for an AID in a frame transmitted by an AP and / or STA, and an AID value may be allocated up to 16383, but in 2008, 16383 is set as a reserved value. It is.
- the TIM element according to the existing definition is not suitable for the application of M2M application, where a large number of (eg, more than 2007) STAs may be associated with one AP.
- the TIM bitmap size is so large that it cannot be supported by the existing frame format, and is not suitable for M2M communication considering low transmission rate applications.
- M2M communication it is expected that the number of STAs in which a received data frame exists during one beacon period is very small. Therefore, considering the application example of the M2M communication as described above, since the size of the TIM bitmap is expected to be large, but most bits have a value of 0, a technique for efficiently compressing the bitmap is required.
- bitmap compression technique there is a method of defining an offset (or starting point) value by omitting consecutive zeros in front of a bitmap.
- the compression efficiency is not high. For example, when only frames to be transmitted to only two STAs having AIDs of 10 and 2000 are buffered, the compressed bitmap has a length of 1990 but all have a value of 0 except at both ends. If the number of STAs that can be associated with one AP is small, the inefficiency of bitmap compression is not a big problem, but if the number of STAs increases, such inefficiency may be a factor that hinders overall system performance. .
- the AID may be divided into groups to perform more efficient data transmission.
- Each group is assigned a designated group ID (GID).
- GID group ID
- AIDs allocated on a group basis will be described with reference to FIG. 24.
- 24 is a diagram for explaining a group-based AID.
- FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating an example of an AID allocated on a group basis.
- the first few bits of the AID bitmap may be used to indicate a GID.
- the first two bits of the AID bitmap may be used to represent four GIDs.
- the first two bits (B1 and B2) indicate the GID of the corresponding AID.
- FIG. 24B is a diagram illustrating another example of an AID allocated on a group basis.
- the GID may be allocated according to the location of the AID.
- AIDs using the same GID may be represented by an offset and a length value.
- GID 1 is represented by an offset A and a length B, it means that AIDs A through A + B-1 on the bitmap have GID 1.
- the AIDs of all 1 to N4 are divided into four groups. In this case, AIDs belonging to GID 1 are 1 to N1, and AIDs belonging to this group may be represented by offset 1 and length N1.
- AIDs belonging to GID 2 may be represented by offset N1 + 1 and length N2-N1 + 1
- AIDs belonging to GID 3 may be represented by offset N2 + 1 and length N3-N2 +
- GID AIDs belonging to 4 may be represented by an offset N3 + 1 and a length N4-N3 + 1.
- channel access may be allowed only to STA (s) corresponding to a specific group during a specific time interval, and channel access may be restricted to other STA (s).
- a predetermined time period in which only specific STA (s) are allowed to access may be referred to as a restricted access window (RAW).
- RAW restricted access window
- the first beacon interval (or the first RAW) is a period in which channel access of an STA corresponding to an AID belonging to GID 1 is allowed, and channel access of STAs belonging to another GID is not allowed.
- the first beacon includes a TIM element only for AIDs corresponding to GID 1.
- the second beacon frame includes a TIM element only for AIDs having GID 2, so that only the channel access of the STA corresponding to the AID belonging to GID 2 is allowed during the second beacon interval (or second RAW).
- the third beacon frame includes a TIM element only for AIDs having GID 3, and thus only channel access of the STA corresponding to the AID belonging to GID 3 is allowed during the third beacon interval (or third RAW).
- the fourth beacon frame again includes a TIM element for only AIDs having GID 1, and thus only channel access of the STA corresponding to the AID belonging to GID 1 is allowed during the fourth beacon interval (or fourth RAW). Then, even in each of the fifth and subsequent beacon intervals (or fifth and subsequent RAWs), only channel access of the STA belonging to the specific group indicated in the TIM included in the beacon frame may be allowed.
- the order of GIDs allowed according to the beacon interval shows a cyclic or periodic example, but is not limited thereto. That is, by including only the AID (s) belonging to a particular GID (s) in the TIM element (hereinafter referred to as " separated TIM operation "), during the particular time period (e.g., a particular RAW), The operation may be performed in a manner of allowing only channel access of the STA (s) corresponding to the specific AID (s) and not allowing channel access of the remaining STA (s). In other words, the information indicating whether the AP buffers data to STAs of the access group by a specific TIM may be limited to the access group by the TIM.
- the group-based AID allocation scheme as described above may also be referred to as a hierarchical structure of the TIM. That is, the entire AID space may be divided into a plurality of blocks, and only channel access of STA (s) (that is, STAs of a specific group) corresponding to a specific block having a non-zero value may be allowed. Accordingly, the TIM can be divided into small blocks / groups so that the STAs can easily maintain the TIM information and manage the blocks / groups according to the class, quality of service (QoS), or purpose of the STA.
- QoS quality of service
- FIG. 24 illustrates a two-level hierarchy
- a hierarchical TIM may be configured in the form of two or more levels.
- the entire AID space may be divided into a plurality of page groups, each page group may be divided into a plurality of blocks, and each block may be divided into a plurality of sub-blocks.
- the first N1 bits represent a page ID (i.e., PID)
- the next N2 bits represent a block ID
- the next N3 bits Indicates a sub-block ID and may be configured in such a way that the remaining bits indicate the STA bit position within the sub-block.
- the STA is a general beacon (for example, DTIM that is transmitted in a long period of information about the TIM elements (for example, TIM for GID 1, 2, 3) classified for each group described above Beacons, long beacons).
- the TIM elements classified for each group from the beacons transmitted in a long period while the STA performs the association process with the AP (for example, the transmission period / length of the TIM elements classified for each group) , Slot time, etc. in each group access period), and a corresponding TIM element may be received by switching to an awake state in a period in which the TIM element of the group to which the corresponding STA belongs is transmitted.
- the TIM element divided by each group may be referred to as a TIM segment.
- the AID assigned to the STA may be reassigned and changed for various reasons.
- the AID may be changed in the same group or may be changed to an AID belonging to another group.
- TIM compression may be performed more efficiently when the values of AIDs allocated to STAs are close to each other. Accordingly, the STA may need to reassign the AID to another AID in the same group.
- the AP may perform efficient TIM compression by changing the AID of the STA to another AID in the same group.
- the STA may request the AP to change to another group's AID, or the AP may allow the STA to reassign another group's AID.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating that an AID of an STA is changed in the same group based on signaling.
- the AP may transmit an AID assignment with Same GID frame to the STA to allow the AID of the STA to be reassigned.
- AID allocation frames in the same group are shown in FIG.
- the AID field shown in FIG. 26 indicates an AID to be newly allocated to the STA, and the current NID of AID field indicates the number of allocated AIDs (or the number of STAs) included in the group to which the AID to be reassigned belongs. Point to.
- the AP may inform the STA of the new AID by transmitting an AID allocation frame within the same group to the STA when necessary. Upon receiving this, the STA may inform that the new AID has been successfully allocated by transmitting an ACK frame to the AP.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating that an AID of an STA belonging to a specific group is changed to an AID of another group based on signaling.
- An STA that wants to reassign an AID belonging to another group may request an AID reassignment to an AID belonging to another GID by transmitting an AID Assignment Request frame to the AP.
- the AP may transmit an AID Assignment with Different GID frame of another GID to the STA so that the STA may be assigned an AID belonging to another GID.
- the AP may transmit an AID allocation frame of another GID in response to an AID allocation request frame from the STA, but may also transmit an AID allocation frame of another GID.
- FIG. 27A is an exemplary diagram for describing an AP mainly changing an AID of an STA.
- FIG. 27B is an exemplary diagram for explaining that the AID of the STA is changed by the request of the STA.
- traffic may be concentrated on the STAs in a channel access interval for a specific group. have.
- the AP may change the group of the UE belonging to the group where the traffic is concentrated to another group for load distribution.
- STAs in the BSS are grouped into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, and STA 1, STA 2, and STA 3 belong to Group 1. If the traffic density for Group 1 is greater than other groups for a certain period, the AP may move some STAs belonging to Group 1 to another group.
- the AP reassigns the AIDs of the STA 2 and the STA 3 to move the STA2 and the STA3 from the group 1 to the group 2.
- the STA whose traffic characteristics are changed may request the AP to change to a group suitable for the changed traffic. That is, the STA may request AID reassignment from the AP for changing the group.
- the AP which has been requested to reassign AID, may reassign another group's AID.
- STAs are grouped into Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, and STA 1 belongs to Group 3 before AID reassignment. Referring to the DTIM element of FIG. 27B, it can be seen that Group 1 and Group 2 have a High Duty Cycle, and Group 3 has a Low Duty Cycle.
- the channel access section is repeated with a short period, while in the group 3, the channel access section is repeated with a long period.
- STA 1 may provide information about a group that meets the changed characteristic (that is, high duty cycle) (that is, STA 1 is preferred).
- AID reassignment request frame including group information) may be transmitted to the AP.
- the AP may reassign the AID corresponding to the group to be changed to the STA based on the AID reassignment request frame received from the STA.
- STA 1 is changed to Group 2 having a high duty cycle.
- the STA may communicate directly with another STA without passing through the AP.
- the STA may directly communicate with another STA using a technique such as DLS (Direct Link Setup), TDLS, and Wi-Fi Direct.
- the STA may check whether the frame received from the counterpart STA is own. For example, if an incomplete AID (Partial AID) is included in the SIGA illustrated in FIG. 15, the STA may identify whether the frame is transmitted to itself by checking the incomplete AID in the SIGA. If the incomplete AID does not match its AID, the STA may determine that it is not a frame sent to it and not decode the payload portion, thereby reducing unnecessary processing overhead.
- the counterpart STA performing direct communication with the STA whose AID is changed may have difficulty in direct communication without knowing the changed AID of the STA. For a detailed description thereof, see the example of FIG. 28.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a problem that may occur when an AID of a STA in which a direct link is established with another STA is changed.
- the direct communication technique between STAs is TDLS.
- STA 1 Through direct communication between STA 1 and STA 2 shown in FIG. 28 through TDLS, when the AP reassigns the AID of STA 1, STA 2 updates the STA before updating the changed AID of STA 1. Attempt to transmit a frame to STA 1 using the previous AID of 1. In this case, since STA 1 does not match the updated AID and the AID (eg, incomplete AID) included in the frame, STA 1 will determine that the frame is not transmitted to itself and skip decoding of the payload portion. Accordingly, when the AID of the STA 1 is updated, the STA 2 not aware of the update has difficulty in communicating with the STA 1.
- AID eg, incomplete AID
- an STA configured to directly communicate with a predetermined STA will be referred to as a "relative STA”.
- the AP may assign a new AID to the STA in response to or in response to the request for the AID change of the STA.
- the STA may define a previously defined frame, such as an AID reassignment request frame or an AID switch request frame, or an association request frame, such as an AID reassignment request frame or an AID switch request frame.
- the AID may be requested to the AP using a frame.
- the AP responds to the AID change request of the STA, or subjectively, an AID reassignment response frame or AID switch response frame including new AID information to be reassigned to the STA.
- a new AID may be allocated to the STA by using a previously defined frame such as a frame for allocating a new AID or an association response frame.
- a frame for the STA to request reassignment of the AID to the AP is called a 'reassignment request frame'
- a frame including new AID information transmitted from the AP to the STA is referred to as a 'reassignment request frame'.
- Assignment Response Frame ' a frame for the STA to request reassignment of the AID to the AP.
- the reassignment request frame is shown as an AID reassignment request frame or an AID switch request frame
- the reassignment response frame is shown as an AID reassignment response frame or an AID switch response frame.
- the AP transmits the reassignment response frame in response to the reassignment request frame received from the STA.
- the AP may not allocate the previous AID of the STA to another UE for a specific timer (or a specific period).
- the AP may transmit timer information (or period information) to the STA before the STA uses the timer.
- the timer information (or period information) may be included in the reassignment response frame transmitted by the AP to the STA.
- the STA reassigned the AID may use both AIDs during a specific timer (or a specific period) based on timer information (or period information) received from the AP.
- timer information or period information
- the STA that has been reassigned an AID performs data transmission and reception using another AID previously updated before the timer expires with another STA that has already been directly linked before the AID is reassigned, and thus the direct link is established. Smooth communication with other STAs can be maintained.
- the STA, to which the AID is reassigned may perform data transmission / reception using any one of the reassigned AID and the AID used before reassignment with the AP until the timer expires. For a detailed example thereof, see FIG. 29.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an STA that is reassigned an AID to use both AIDs.
- STA 1 and STA 2 establish a direct link through TDLS before STA 1 receives reallocation of the AID.
- AID reassignment may include: transmitting, by the STA 1, an AID reassignment request frame to the AP, and in response to the AP, the AID reassignment including the reassigned AID information (New AID) and timer information (Timer_AID). It is illustrated as being performed by sending an allocation response frame.
- STA 1 and STA 2 may perform communication using the AID (illustrated as 1 in FIG. 29) used before reassignment.
- the AP and STA 1 may start a timer. STA 1 may use both the newly assigned AID (illustrated as 100 in FIG. 29) and the previously used AID (illustrated as 1 in FIG. 29) before the timer expires. Accordingly, the STA 1 may recognize a frame in which the STA 2, which does not know the AID update fact, writes and transmits the AID 1 as its own, and may perform decoding on the same. The STA 1 may perform data communication with any one of the newly allocated AID 100 and the previously used AID 1 with the AP. In FIG. 29A, the AP and the STA 1 are illustrated to perform communication using the reassigned AID 100 before the timer expires. Alternatively, the AP and the STA 1 may communicate with the AP using the AID 1 previously used before the timer expires, as shown in the example of FIG. 29B.
- the STA 1 When the timer expires, the STA 1 returns the previously assigned AID 1, and the AP can allocate the AID 1 to another STA from the time when the timer expires. After the timer expires, the STA 1 and the AP will communicate with each other using the newly allocated AID 100.
- the STA may inform the counterpart STA that the direct link is set up before the timer expires and update the AID. Specifically, the STA may transmit an update request frame including newly allocated AID information for notifying the counterpart STA of the AID update, and the counterpart STA may transmit an update response frame to the STA in response to the update request frame. have. For details, refer to the example of FIGS. 30 and 31.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example in which an STA reports an update of an AID to a counterpart STA.
- a STA 1 assigned a new AID 100 from an AP may start a timer and maintain a previously used AID 1 until the timer expires. Accordingly, the STA 2 may communicate with the STA 1 using the AID 1 previously used by the STA 1 until the STA 1 recognizes the AID update.
- the STA 1 may transmit an AID update request frame including newly allocated AID information (New AID) to notify STA 2 of the direct link that the AID has been updated. If the direct link between STA 1 and STA 2 is based on TDLS, the AID update request frame may be referred to as a TDLS AID update request frame.
- the STA 2 may recognize the AID change of the STA 1 and transmit an AID update response frame in response to the AID update request frame.
- the AID update response frame may be referred to as a TDLS AID response frame.
- the STA 2 may continue to communicate with the STA 1 using the new AID reassigned by the STA 1.
- the AID update request frame and the AID update response frame are transmitted before the timer expires, but their transmission is not necessarily performed before the timer expires. For example, if the AID update is not completed effectively before the timer expires, transmission of the AID update request frame and the AID update response frame may be performed after the timer expires.
- the update request frame and the update response frame may use a definition frame.
- the update request frame may include a TDLS Setup request frame
- the update response frame may include a TDLS Setup response frame.
- the STA may use a TDLS Setup Confirm frame in response to the TDLS Setup Response frame transmitted by the other STA. Detailed description thereof will be made with reference to FIG. 31.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an updated AID provided to a counterpart STA through TDLS management action frames.
- STA 1 reassigned AID from the AP may transmit a TDLS setup request frame including newly allocated AID information (New AID) to STA 2.
- STA 2 may recognize the AID change of STA 1 by using newly allocated AID information included in the TDLS setup request frame.
- STA 2 may complete the AID update procedure by transmitting a TDLS setup response frame in response to the TDLS setup request frame, and STA 1 may transmit a TDLS setup confirmation frame in response to the TDLS setup response frame.
- STA 1 allocated to the new AID 100 starts the timer and maintains the previously used AID 1 until the timer expires, as in the case of FIG. 30 (a).
- an STA that has updated AID when configured to report an updated AID to the counterpart STA, between the AP and the STA.
- the process of transmitting and receiving the timer information and starting the timer may be omitted. If the time required for the STA to transmit the updated AID to the counterpart STA is very short, it is very unlikely that a communication error with the counterpart STA occurs even if the STA does not use two AIDs. In this case, in order to minimize a problem that occurs during communication between the STA and the counterpart STA, the STA should be able to report the updated AID to the counterpart STA immediately upon reassignment of AID.
- the update response frame may include an ACK frame. That is, the counterpart STA may transmit an ACK frame in response to the update request frame from the STA.
- the STA that receives the reassignment response frame from the AP may transmit a confirmation frame to the AP in response.
- the STA may use the newly allocated AID in the frame transmission and reception with the AP.
- the AP may perform frame transmission / reception with the STA using the newly allocated AID.
- the transmission of the confirmation frame may be transmitted to the AP under the condition that the counterpart STA updates the changed AID. That is, the STA may transmit a confirmation frame to the AID after performing a procedure of informing the counterpart STA of the AID change before transmitting the confirmation frame to the AP. For a detailed example thereof, see FIG. 32.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a process of transmitting a confirmation frame to an AP.
- the AP may transmit AID reassignment response information including new AID information (New AID) to STA 1 in response.
- the STA 1 assigned the new AID 100 has a direct link
- the STA 1 may transmit a TDLS AID update frame including the newly allocated AID information to the STA 2 to inform STA 2 of the updated AID.
- the STA 2 may update the newly allocated AID of the STA 1 and transmit the TDLS AID update confirmation frame to the STA 1 in response to the TDLS AID update frame.
- the STA 1 may transmit an AID reassignment confirmation frame to the AP if there is no counterpart STA to update the AID.
- the STA may perform frame transmission / reception with other STAs (eg, AP, STA 2) using the newly allocated AID.
- the AP which has received the reassignment confirmation frame from the STA 1, may allocate an AID previously used by the STA 1 to another STA.
- the AP and the STA 1 may perform frame transmission and reception using an AID previously used until the STA 1 transmits an AID reassignment confirmation frame to the AP. That is, even if the AP transmits the AID reassignment frame to the STA 1, the AP may be configured to use the existing AID until the AID reassignment confirmation frame is received.
- STA 1 and STA 2 may perform frame transmission and reception using an existing AID until STA 1 receives a TDLS AID update confirmation frame from STA 2.
- STA 1 may use both the existing AID and the newly assigned AID from the time when the AID reassignment response frame is received until the AID reassignment confirmation frame is received.
- the AP may select one of the existing AID and the newly assigned AID and perform frame transmission and reception with the STA 1.
- STA 1 when STA 1 transmits an AID reassignment confirmation frame to the AP, it is illustrated that STA 1 can use the newly allocated AID. Unlike in the example illustrated in FIG. 32, when an ACK frame for an AID reassignment confirmation frame is received from an AP, STA 1 may be configured to use a newly allocated AID.
- the counterpart STA may be configured to transmit an update response frame after SIFS has elapsed after receiving the update request frame from the STA.
- 33 is an exemplary view for explaining that an update response frame is transmitted after SIFS has elapsed after receiving an update request frame.
- STA 2 may transmit an ACK frame that is an update response frame after a short inter-frame space (SIFS) has elapsed.
- SIFS short inter-frame space
- the AID reassignment procedure is terminated when the AP receives the confirmation frame from the STA. However, if the STA does not have a direct link, the AID reassignment procedure may be terminated by transmitting the reassignment response frame without waiting for receiving the acknowledgment frame.
- the STA may include the link configuration information directly in the reassignment request frame.
- the direct link configuration information indicates whether the STA to which the AID is to be reassigned has a direct link. If the direct link configuration information is included in the reassignment request frame, refer to FIG. 34 for the AID reassignment procedure. For convenience of description, it is assumed that when the STA does not have a direct link, the index of the direct link configuration information is '0', and when the STA has a direct link, the index of the direct link configuration information is '1'.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an AID reassignment procedure using a reassignment request frame including direct link configuration information.
- 34 (a) illustrates a case where STA 1 does not have a direct link
- FIG. 34 (b) illustrates a case where STA 1 has a direct link with STA 2.
- STA 1 having no direct link may set an index of direct link configuration information (TDLS Presence) to '0' while transmitting an AID switch request frame to the AP.
- the AP may recognize that STA 1 does not have a direct link based on the direct link establishment information included in the AID switch request information.
- the AP may transmit the AID switch response frame to the STA 1 and terminate the AID reassignment procedure without waiting for reception of the confirmation frame.
- the AP may transmit / receive a frame with STA 1 using the newly reassigned AID 100 and may assign AID 1 previously used by STA 1 to another STA.
- STA 1 receiving the AID switch response frame from the AP may also perform frame transmission and reception using the new AID 100.
- STA 1 if STA 1 has a direct link with STA 2, STA 1 transmits an AID switch request frame to the AP, while directly linking setting information (TDLS). Presence) index can be set to '1'.
- the AP may recognize that the STA 1 has a direct link based on the direct link establishment information included in the AID switch request information. Accordingly, the AP may terminate the AID reassignment procedure after transmitting the AID switch response frame to STA 1 and transmitting the confirmation frame for the AID switch response frame. After completing the AID reassignment procedure, the AP may transmit / receive a frame with STA 1 using the newly reassigned AID 100 and may assign AID 1 previously used by STA 1 to another STA.
- TDLS directly linking setting information
- STA 1 may transmit an update request frame including new AID information (New AID) to STA 2, and in response thereto, may receive an update response frame from STA 2. If there is no longer the other STA to update the AID, the STA 1 may control the AID reassignment procedure to be terminated by transmitting a confirmation frame to the AP.
- New AID new AID information
- the STA 1 may use both the existing AID 1 and the new AID 100 from the time when the STA 1 receives the AID switch response frame and transmits the confirmation frame.
- the reassignment request frame transmitted by the STA to the AP may further include direct link count information in addition to the direct link configuration information. Detailed description thereof will be made with reference to FIG. 35.
- 35 is an exemplary diagram for explaining an AID reassignment procedure when direct link number information is included in a reassignment request frame.
- STA 1 having a direct link may set the index of the direct link configuration information to '1' while transmitting an AID switch request frame to the AP.
- the STA 1 may control the link number information Num Of TDLS to be included in the AID switch request frame.
- the direct link number information may be set to '1'.
- the AP may recognize whether the STA 1 has a direct link and the number of direct links based on the direct link configuration information and the direct link number information included in the AID switch request frame. If STA 1 does not have a direct link, as in the example shown in (a) of FIG. 34, the AP may terminate the AID reassignment procedure by transmitting an AID switch response frame without waiting for receipt of an acknowledgment frame. Can be. Otherwise, as in the example shown in FIG. 35, if the STA 1 has a direct link, the AP transmits an AID switch response frame and then receives an acknowledgment frame from the STA 1 in response thereto, thereby reassigning the AID. You will be able to terminate the procedure.
- the AID reassignment procedure may be terminated by receiving the AID switch response frame. Otherwise, as in the example shown in FIG. 35, if the STA 1 has a direct link, the STA 1 may terminate the AID reassignment procedure by transmitting a confirmation frame to the AP after the AID update procedure with the STA 2 is terminated. There will be.
- the STA 1 may transmit a confirmation frame to the AP after the AID update procedure with all the counterpart STAs is completed.
- STA 1 may transmit a confirmation frame to the AP whenever the AID update procedure with each counterpart STA is completed.
- the AP may terminate the AID reassignment procedure provided that the AP receives the number of acknowledgment frames corresponding to the direct link number information.
- the STAs and the counterpart STAs may have different listening intervals. Accordingly, the AP may change the AID of the counterpart STA, which is directly communicating with the STA, while changing the AID of the STA.
- the reassignment request frame transmitted by the STA to the AP may further include AID information of the other STA in addition to the direct link setting information and the direct link number information.
- the AP may allocate the new AID to the other STA while also assigning the new AID to the other STA using the AID information of the other STA.
- the STA and the counterpart STA may belong to the same group. Detailed description thereof will be made with reference to FIG. 36.
- the STA 1 having the direct link may set the index of the direct link configuration information to '1' while transmitting an AID switch request frame to the AP.
- the STA 1 may control the AID switch request frame to include the direct link count information (Num Of TDLS) and the AID information of the STA 2 that is the target of direct communication.
- the direct link count information may be set to '1' and the AID information of the other STA may be set to '2'.
- the AP based on the direct link configuration information, the direct link number information, and the counterpart STA's AID information included in the AID switch request frame, whether the STA has a direct link, the number of direct links, and the other party performing direct communication with the STA 1
- the AID of the STA can be recognized.
- the AP may transmit a first AID switch response frame to STA 1 in response to the AID switch request frame.
- the first AID switch response frame may include both AID information (New AID) newly assigned to STA 1 and AID information (Peer STA's AID) newly assigned to STA 2.
- the STA 1 that has been allocated the new AID 100 may perform frame transmission / reception with the STA 2 using the AID 101 to be newly assigned to the STA 2.
- the first switch response frame may further include existing AID information previously used by STA 2.
- the STA 1 may update the AID of the searched STA 2 after searching for the STA corresponding to the existing AID information.
- the AP may transmit a second AID switch response frame to STA 2 in direct communication with STA 1.
- the second AID switch response frame may include both AID information (Peer STA's AID) newly assigned to STA 1 and AID information (New AID) newly assigned to STA 2.
- the STA 2 that has been allocated the new AID 101 may perform frame transmission / reception with the STA 1 using the AID 100 to be newly assigned to the STA 1.
- the second switch response frame may further include existing AID information previously used by STA 1.
- the STA 2 may update the AID of the searched STA 1 after searching for the STA corresponding to the existing AID information.
- the AP transmits an AID switch response frame including both AID information newly assigned to STA 1 and AID information newly assigned to STA 2, to STA 2.
- the AID switch response frame transmitted by the AP to STA 1 and STA 2 may include only AID information newly assigned to STA 1 except for AID information newly allocated to STA 2.
- the AID switch response frame transmitted from the AP to STA 2 may serve to simply transmit new AID information of STA 1 to STA 2. That is, in FIG. 30 to FIG. 35, although STA 1 directly transmits new AID information to STA 2, the AP may independently transmit new AID information of STA 1 to STA 2. Detailed description thereof will be made with reference to FIG. 37.
- FIG. 37 is an exemplary diagram for explaining that an AP informs a counterpart STA that directly performs communication with the STA, the changed AID of the STA.
- the STA 1 having the direct link may provide the AP with AID information of the STA 2 performing direct communication with the STA 1 while transmitting an AID switch request frame to the AP.
- the AP may transmit an AID switch response frame including new AID information to the STA 1 in response to the AID switch request frame of the STA 1.
- the AP may transmit an AID update announcement frame for notifying STA 2 of the changed AID of STA 1 that communicates directly with STA 1.
- the AID update notification frame may include existing AID information and new AID information of STA 1.
- the STA 2 may update the AID of the STA 1 corresponding to the existing AID information to a new AID indicated by the new AID information.
- the STA may stop the incomplete AID PHY filtering function until notifying the other STAs of the changed AID (that is, until the AID update procedure is completed).
- the STA may decode all MAC headers of a frame transmitted from the counterpart STA and determine whether the frame is a destination. Thereafter, after the AID update procedure is completed, the STA may resume the incomplete AID PHY filtering function and identify whether the frame is transmitted to itself by checking the incomplete AID.
- the STA performs unnecessary frame decoding until it informs the other STA of the changed AID, there is an effect that the new AID mode can effectively receive a frame from the other STA.
- 38 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an AP 420 includes a processor 421, a memory 422, and a transceiver 423.
- Processor 421 implements the proposed functions, processes, and / or methods. Layers of the air interface protocol (see FIG. 5) may be implemented by the processor 421.
- the memory 422 is connected to the processor 421 and stores various information for driving the processor 421.
- the transceiver 423 is connected with the processor 421 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.
- the STA 430 includes a processor 431, a memory 432, and a transceiver 433.
- the processor 431 implements the proposed functions, processes and / or methods. Layers of the air interface protocol (see FIG. 5) may be implemented by the processor 431.
- the memory 432 is connected to the processor 431 and stores various information for driving the processor 431.
- the transceiver 433 is connected to the processor 431 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.
- the memories 422 and 432 may be inside or outside the processors 421 and 431, and may be connected to the processors 421 and 431 by various well-known means.
- the AP 420 and / or the STA 430 may have a single antenna or multiple antennas.
- each component or feature is to be considered optional unless stated otherwise.
- Each component or feature may be embodied in a form that is not combined with other components or features. It is also possible to combine some of the components and / or features to form an embodiment of the invention.
- the order of the operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that the claims may be combined to form an embodiment by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims or as new claims by post-application correction.
- Embodiments according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- an embodiment of the present invention may include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), FPGAs ( field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- processors controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and the like.
- an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc. that performs the functions or operations described above.
- the software code may be stored in memory and driven by the processor.
- the memory may be located inside or outside the processor, and may exchange data with the processor by various known means.
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Abstract
Description
TDLS Action field valud | Meaning |
0 | TDLS Setup Request |
1 | TDLS Setup Response |
2 | TDLS Setup Confirm |
3 | TDLS Teardown |
4 | TDLS Peer Traffic Indication |
5 | TDLS Channel Switch Request |
6 | TDLS Channel Switch Response |
7 | TDLS Peer PSM Request |
8 | TDLS Peer PSM Response |
9 | TDLS Peer Traffic Response |
10 | TDLS Discovery Request |
11-255 | Reserved |
Protocol name | Payload type | Subclause |
Remote Request/Response | 1 | 12.10.3 (Remote Request/Response frame definition) |
TDLS | 2 | 10.22.2 (TDLS payload) |
Reserved | 3-255 |
서브필드 | 의미 | 정의 |
MRQ | MCS request | MCS 피드백(비자발적(solicited) MFB)을 요청하는 경우 1로 설정됨. 그렇지 않은 경우, 0으로 설정됨 |
MSI | MRQ sequence identifier | MRQ 서브필드가 1로 설정되면, MSI 서브필드는 특정 요청을 식별하는 0 내지 6 범위 내 시퀀스 번호를 포함함. MRQ 서브필드가 0으로 설정되면, MSI 서브필드는 예약됨 |
MFSI/GID-L | MFB sequence identifier/LSB of Group ID | 자발적(unsolicited) MFB 서브필드가 0으로 설정되면, MFSI/GID-L 서브필드는 MFB 정보가 나타내는 프레임 내 포함된 MSI의 수신 값을 포함함. 자발적(unsolicited) MFB 서브필드가 1로 설정되면, MFSI/GID-L 서브필드는 자발적 MFB가 나타내는 PPDU의 그룹 ID의 최하위 3비트를 포함함 |
MFB | VHT N_STS, MCS, BW, SNR feedback | MFB 서브필드는 추천되는 MFB를 포함함. MCS=15, VHT N_STS=7은 피드백이 존재하지 않는 것을 지시함 |
GID-H | MSB of Group ID | 자발적(unsolicited) MFB 서브필드가 1로 설정되면, GID-H 서브필드는 자발적 MFB가 나타내는 PPDU의 그룹 ID의 최상위 3비트를 포함함 |
Coding Type | Coding type of MFB response | 자발적(unsolicited) MFB 서브필드가 1로 설정되면, 코딩 타입 서브필드는 자발적 MFB가 나타내는 코딩 정보(BCC(binary convolutional code) 경우 1, LDPC(low-density parity check) 경우 0)를 포함함. 그렇지 않은 경우, 예약됨 |
FB Tx Type | Transmission type of MFB response | 자발적(unsolicited) MFB 서브필드가 1로 설정되고 FB Tx Type 서브필드가 0으로 설정되면, 자발적 MFB는 빔포밍되지 않은(unbeamformed) VHT PPDU 또는 STBC(space-time block coding) VHT PPDU 를 사용하는 전송 다이버시티 중 어느 하나를 나타냄. 자발적(unsolicited) MFB 서브필드가 1로 설정되고 FB Tx Type 서브필드가 1로 설정되면, 자발적 MFB는 빔포밍된(beamformed) SU-MIMO(Single User MIMO) VHT PPDU를 나타냄. 그렇지 않은 경우, 예약됨 |
Unsolicited MFB | Unsolicited MCS feedback indicator | MFB가 MRQ의 응답이 아니면 1로 설정됨. MFB가 MRQ의 응답이면 0으로 설정됨 |
AC Constraint | 역방향 허용(RDG)에 대한 응답이 어떠한 트래픽 식별자(TID: traffic identifier)로부터의 데이터 프레임을 포함하면 0으로 설정되고, 역방향 승인(RDG)에 대한 응답이 동일한 역방향(RD) 개시자(initiator)로부터 수신되는 마지막 데이터 프레임과 동일한 AC로부터의 프레임만을 포함하면 1로 설정됨 | |
RDG/More PPDU | RDG/More PPDU 서브필드가 0이면, 역방향(RD) 개시자(initiator)가 전송하는 경우 역방향 승인(RDG)이 없음을 나타내고, 역방향 응답자(responder)가 전송하는 경우 MAC 프레임을 전달하는 PPDU가 최종 송신임을 나타냄. RDG/More PPDU 서브필드가 1이면, 역방향(RD) 개시자(initiator)가 전송하는 경우 역방향 허용(RDG)이 존재함을 나타내고, 응답자(responder)가 전송하는 경우 MAC 프레임을 전달하는 PPDU 이후 다른 PPDU가 후속함을 나타냄 |
Field of SIG | SU(Bits) | MU(Bits) |
Length/Duration | 9 | 9 |
MCS | 4 | |
BW | 2 | 2 |
Aggregation | 1 | |
STBC | 1 | 1 |
Coding | 2 | 5 |
SGI | 1 | 1 |
GID | 6 | |
Nsts | 2 | 8 |
PAID | 9 | |
Ack Indication | 2 | 2 |
Reserved | 5 | 4 |
CRC | 4 | 4 |
Tail | 6 | 6 |
Total | 48 | 48 |
Field of SIG | Bits | |||
BW : 2MHz | BW : 4MHz | BW : 8MHz | BW : 16MHz | |
MCS | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Tail | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
CRC | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Reserved | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 |
Total | 26 | 27 | 29 | 29 |
Field of SIG | Bits | 요약 |
STBC | 1 | IEEE 802.11ac 시스템과 동일 |
Num SS | 2 | 단일 유저(SU) 환경에서 SS(Spatial streams)의 수 |
SGI | 1 | 짧은 보호 구간(Short Guard Interval) |
Coding | 2 | 첫번째 비트는 코딩 타입(LDPC/BCC), 구번째 비트는 LDCP N번째 심볼의 모호성(ambiguity) 지시 |
MCS | 4 | MCS |
Aggregation | 1 | Signals use of AMPDU |
Length | 9 | Aggregation이 On일 때 심볼 단위, Aggregation 이 오프 및/또는 Mandate AMPDUdml 패킷 사이즈가 511 bytes 이상이면 바이트 단위 |
Ack Indication | 2 | 00: ACK; 01: BA; 10: No Ack; 11: reserved |
Reserved | 4 | |
CRC | 4 | |
Tail | 6 | |
Total | 36 |
Claims (19)
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 제 2 스테이션(STA: Station)과 직접 통신을 수행하는 제 1 스테이션의 AID(Association IDentification)를 변경하는 방법에 있어서,AP(Access Point)로부터 상기 제 1 스테이션에게 새롭게 할당될 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 재할당 응답 프레임을 수신하는 단계;상기 제 1 스테이션이 상기 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 업데이트 요청 프레임을 상기 제 2 스테이션으로 전송하는 단계; 및상기 업데이트 요청 프레임에 대한 응답으로, 상기 제 2 스테이션으로부터 업데이트 응답 프레임을 수신하는 단계를 포함하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 재할당 응답 프레임을 수신한 상기 제 1 스테이션이 타이머를 시작하는 단계를 더 포함하고,상기 제 1 스테이션은 상기 타이머가 만료되기 전까지 새로운 AID 및 기존의 AID를 모두 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 스테이션은 상기 타이머가 만료되기 전까지, 상기 새로운 AID 및 상기 기존의 AID 중 어느 하나를 이용하여 상기 AP와 통신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 스테이션은 상기 타이머가 만료되면, 기존의 AID를 릴리즈하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제 2 스테이션으로부터 상기 업데이트 응답 프레임이 수신되면, 상기 제 1 스테이션이 상기 AP로 확인 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 스테이션은 상기 AP로 상기 확인 프레임을 전송하면서 기존의 AID를 릴리즈하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제 2 스테이션으로부터 업데이트 응답 프레임을 수신하는 단계는, 상기 제 2 스테이션으로부터 상기 업데이트 요청 프레임에 대한 응답으로, 응답 프레임(ACK frame)을 수신하는 단계인 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 스테이션이 상기 AP로 새로운 AID를 요청하는 재할당 요청 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 재할당 요청 프레임은 상기 제 1 스테이션의 설정된 직접 링크의 존재 여부를 지시하는 직접 링크 설정 정보를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 직접 링크 설정 정보가 상기 제 1 스테이션의 설정된 직접 링크의 존재를 지시하는 경우,상기 제 1 스테이션이 상기 제 2 스테이션으로부터 상기 업데이트 응답 프레임이 수신되면, 상기 AP로 확인 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 재할당 요청 프레임은 상기 제 1 스테이션의 설정된 직접 링크의 개수를 지시하는 직접 링크 개수 정보를 더욱 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 스테이션은 상기 제 2 스테이션으로부터 상기 업데이트 응답 프레임을 수신하기 전까지, 불완전한 AID PHY 필터링을 중단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 직접 통신은,TDLS(Tunneled Direct Link Setup) 및 DLS(Direct Link Setup) 중 적어도 하나를 기반으로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 제 2 스테이션(STA: Station)과 직접 통신을 수행하는 제 1 스테이션의 AID(Association IDentification)를 변경하는 방법에 있어서,상기 제 1 스테이션으로부터 상기 제 2 스테이션의 제 2 기존 AID 정보를 포함하는 재할당 요청 프레임을 수신하는 단계;상기 재할당 요청 프레임에 대한 응답으로, 상기 제 1 스테이션으로 상기 제 1 스테이션에게 새롭게 할당될 제 1 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 제 1 프레임을 전송하는 단계; 및상기 제 2 스테이션의 기존 AID 정보를 이용하여, 상기 제 2 스테이션에게, 상기 제 1 스테이션의 제 1 기존 AID 정보 및 상기 제 1 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 제 2 프레임을 전송하는 단계;를 포함하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 14항에 있어서,상기 제 1 프레임 및 상기 제 2 프레임은, 상기 제 2 스테이션에게 새롭게 할당될 제 2 새로운 AID 정보를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 새로운 AID 정보가 가리키는 제 1 AID 및 상기 제 2 새로운 AID 정보가 가리키는 제 2 AID는 동일한 그룹에 속하는 것을 특징으로 하는 AID 변경 방법.
- 상대방 스테이션(STA: Station)과 직접 통신을 수행하는 동안 AID(Association IDentification)를 변경하고자 하는 스테이션 장치에 있어서,무선 신호를 송수신하기 위한 송수신기; 및프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는 AP(Access Point)로부터 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 재할당 응답 프레임이 수신되면, 상기 상대방 스테이션으로 상기 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 업데이트 요청 프레임을 전송하도록 구성되는, 장치.
- 제 2 스테이션(STA: Station)과 직접 통신을 수행하는 제 1 스테이션의 AID(Association IDentification)의 AID를 변경하고자 하는 액세스 포인트(AP: Access Point) 장치에 있어서,무선 신호를 송수신하기 위한 송수신기; 및프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는 상기 제 1 스테이션으로부터 상기 제 2 스테이션의 기존 AID 정보를 포함하는 재할당 요청 프레임이 수신되면, 상기 제 1 스테이션에게 새롭게 할당될 제 1 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 제 1 프레임을 상기 제 1 스테이션으로 전송하고, 상기 제 1 스테이션의 제 1 기존 AID 정보 및 상기 제 1 새로운 AID 정보를 포함하는 제 2 프레임을 상기 제 2 스테이션으로 전송하도록 구성되는, 장치.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 프레임 및 상기 제 2 프레임은, 상기 제 2 스테이션에게 새롭게 할당될 제 2 새로운 AID 정보를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
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US14/378,742 US10172170B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | Method for changing association ID in wireless communication system and apparatus therefor |
KR1020147026946A KR101568711B1 (ko) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 연계 아이디 변경 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
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US20160088665A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
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