WO2013143086A1 - 潮汐发电装置 - Google Patents

潮汐发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013143086A1
WO2013143086A1 PCT/CN2012/073188 CN2012073188W WO2013143086A1 WO 2013143086 A1 WO2013143086 A1 WO 2013143086A1 CN 2012073188 W CN2012073188 W CN 2012073188W WO 2013143086 A1 WO2013143086 A1 WO 2013143086A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission
gear
tidal power
power generating
fixed
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PCT/CN2012/073188
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张超良
Original Assignee
Zhang Chaoliang
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Chaoliang filed Critical Zhang Chaoliang
Publication of WO2013143086A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143086A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/262—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the relative movement between a tide-operated member and another member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/42—Storage of energy
    • F05B2260/421—Storage of energy in the form of rotational kinetic energy, e.g. in flywheels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power generation technology, and in particular to the technical field of power generation using tides.
  • the tide of the sea is the process of the rise and fall of the sea level caused by the gravity of the moon.
  • the use of the lunar energy caused by the lunar gravity is an inexhaustible source of clean energy, and there is no other influence such as climate. It is a stable energy source.
  • the traditional devices that use tidal power generation generally adopt: First, the cofferdam-type tidal power generation device can achieve high-power generation mode, but it has the influence of large area and geographical environment selection, and cannot continuously output stable power, energy. Low utilization (only 5%) and other shortcomings. Second, it is a tidal power generation device with a vane type at sea. The tidal current flows in the process of rising and falling tides. This method also has the disadvantages of low power generation, low change rate, and the device is vulnerable to storm sea tide damage. Therefore, the above devices are rarely widely used due to poor implementation.
  • the invention patent application whose patent number is ZL200410075783.6 and the authorization announcement date is May 5, 2010, and the invention name is the method and device for utilizing tidal power generation provides a structure for realizing power generation by using seawater tides to rise and fall.
  • the method is: when the tide is high, the seawater is accumulated in the water tank; the seawater in the water tank is gradually discharged out of the water tank, and the water level in the water tank is gradually decreased; when the water level in the water tank is lowered, a floating hammer floating on the water surface in the water tank follows The gradual decrease; when the floating hammer descends, the rod body connected to the floating hammer is driven to move, and the linear motion of the rod body drives a power generating gear to rotate, and the power generating gear drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • the above invention patent can utilize the tidal fluctuations to generate electricity, but it only utilizes the water drop in the water tank when the water level drops, the floating hammer lowers the electric energy converted by the falling of the rod body, and the energy generated when the water level in the water tank rises is not utilized.
  • its power generation efficiency is improved compared with the traditional structure and method, it still has the defects of complicated installation and other troubles, especially the power generation efficiency still needs to be further improved.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a tidal power generation device which has higher power generation efficiency, can realize automatic continuous power generation, and is easy to install.
  • a tidal power generating device includes a base station disposed above sea level, a generator fixed on the base plate, and a transmission gear set, wherein the transmission gear set is coupled with a longitudinal transmission rod, wherein the longitudinal transmission in the seawater plane is A pontoon is fixed to the end of the rod, and an energy storage mechanism is connected to the transmission gear set, and the energy storage mechanism is connected with the generator shaft.
  • the transmission gear set further includes a reversing gear transmission box;
  • the reversing gear transmission box is composed of a driving gear disposed on the transmission main shaft, a transmission gear and a reversing gear connected to the driving gear, and
  • the transmission gear and the reversing gear drive are connected to the transmission gear.
  • the transmission shaft of the reversing gear transmission box is provided with a pawl wheel mechanism, and the pawl wheel mechanism is connected with the energy storage mechanism.
  • the energy storage mechanism is a spring energy storage box, and a spring gear is disposed in the spring energy storage box.
  • the spring gear is connected to the generator through a release transmission wheel, a transmission shaft, and a release clutch disposed on the transmission shaft.
  • a vertical column is further fixed at both ends of the floating box, and a vertical guiding groove is arranged on the vertical column, and a fixed deviation wheel is disposed in the guiding groove on both sides of the floating box.
  • the sealed box structure or the floating structure of the box structure is filled with a light material such as foam or other lightweight materials, and the floating box may be made of a steel plate structural material, an aluminum alloy material, or other plastic materials. .
  • the generator is connected to an external power grid through a power distribution device.
  • the transmission main shaft is fixed on the base by bearings disposed on the two bearing seats, and a fixed deviation module is fixed between the two bearing seats.
  • the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention adopts a reversing gear transmission device, so that the pontoon can convert energy into electric energy when rising and falling, so that the power generation efficiency is incomparable compared with the conventional power generation device, compared with the current technology ZL200410075783.6
  • the patented technical solution can theoretically double the power generation efficiency
  • the invention adopts a spring energy storage box structure, can automatically generate electricity continuously, does not waste the potential energy of water, and has high power generation efficiency; can realize continuous power generation all day, unlike the previous use of tidal power generation, only intermittent power generation can be performed. It has skillfully solved the problem that power generation cannot be generated during the current full tide and dry tide reactive time, and the sea tide power generation time has been increased;
  • the device of the invention is convenient to install, simple in structure, convenient to use, does not cause any environmental pollution, does not damage the ecological balance; can be conveniently installed at the seaside, and its power source is inexhaustible, inexhaustible, no Pollution, no noise, environmental protection and cost reduction;
  • the fixing method of the column and the sea base of the invention is a radial fixed structure, which is more firmly fixed and can withstand a large tidal bearing capacity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the floating box of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the tidal box on the upper and lower tides of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pontoon of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the fixing structure of the column and the seabed according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the piling hole of the column and the seabed of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the combined structure of a plurality of power generating devices according to the present invention.
  • a tidal power generating device of the present invention comprises a base 6 disposed above sea level, a generator fixed on the base, and a transmission gear set.
  • the base 6 is a concrete abutment and a concrete abutment.
  • the lower support has a column 1, which is a concrete steel column.
  • a reinforced concrete structure for grasping the seabed must be constructed on the seabed, so the reinforced concrete abutment 6 and the column 1 are integrated.
  • the reinforced concrete frame structure, the column 1 is very important to construct on the seabed.
  • the invention requires that after the seabed is excavated to clean the mud and the weathering layer to the rock, the hole is inclined outwardly on the seabed with the basic axis point, and the anchoring agent is added after the steel bar is implanted, and then the concrete is poured, thereby increasing the gripping seabed.
  • the strength of this is also a key part of the invention, and its overall reinforced concrete frame structure ensures the thrust of the sea as it rises.
  • F pressure>F float as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, in order to strengthen the fixed strength of the column and the sea bottom, the concrete column of the present invention adopts a method of punching obliquely toward the sea bottom, and the fixed steel hole 21 is along the center diameter of the column.
  • the transmission gear set is connected with a longitudinal transmission rod 5, which is composed of steel columns, and the longitudinal transmission in the seawater plane
  • the rod end 5 is fixed with a floating box 2
  • the transmission gear set is connected with an energy storage mechanism 13, and the energy storage mechanism 13 is connected with the generator shaft.
  • the transmission gear set includes a reversing gear transmission box 11, a transmission rod 5 and a transmission gear set. Play the role of energy transfer.
  • the reversing gear transmission case 11 of the present invention is driven by a driving gear 112 disposed on the transmission main shaft 8, a transmission gear 111 and a reversing gear 113 that are drivingly coupled to the driving gear 112, and a transmission gear 111 and a reversing gear 113.
  • the shift gear 114 is formed.
  • the drive shaft of the reverse gear transmission case 11 is provided with a pawl wheel mechanism 12, and the pawl wheel mechanism 12 is drivingly connected to the energy storage mechanism.
  • the reversing gear transmission box 11 can ensure that the upward movement of the pontoon 2 when the sea level rises acts on the upward movement of the transmission rod 5. When the sea level drops, the pontoon 2 moves downward by the force of gravity. At this time, the reversing gear 113 is activated to convert the descending gravitational potential energy into useful work.
  • the energy storage mechanism of the present invention is a spring energy storage box 13, and a spring gear 14 is disposed in the spring energy storage box 13, which is an energy storage mechanism for converting the dynamic energy and the gravitational potential energy during the rising and falling of seawater into an elastic potential energy.
  • the focus of this invention is that the spring-box energy storage box 13 can store the energy of the reciprocating gap movement of the tide into an elastic potential energy.
  • This energy storage method can achieve: energy utilization rate is as high as 95%; energy release is continuously stable And easy to operate and so on.
  • the spring gear 14 is connected to the generator 19 by releasing the transmission wheel 15, the transmission shaft 16, and the release clutch 17 disposed on the transmission shaft 16.
  • the generator 18 is connected to the external high voltage power grid through the power distribution device 19 to transmit the electric energy.
  • the two ends of the pontoon 2 are disposed between the two columns 1.
  • the column 1 is provided with a longitudinal guide groove 4, and the fixed groove 3 is disposed in the guide groove 4 on both sides of the pontoon 2.
  • the longitudinal guide groove 4 and the fixed deflection wheel 3 function to stabilize the vertical movement of the vertical direction.
  • the pontoon 2 of the present invention is filled with foam and is also a key part of the present invention.
  • the sea tidal energy is obtained by the volume of the seawater V1, V2 and the distance between the sea and the tide.
  • the A shown in the figure is the normal sea level when the sea is calm, and A1 is the sea level at the time of the ebb, A2.
  • Sea level at high tide: Energy E Vdg * ⁇ H + G * ⁇ H
  • the present invention is a pontoon having a sufficient strength of steel structure, alloy or other structure filled with plastic foam in the tank at the sea level of the overall offshore structure.
  • the pontoon 2 can be composed of a plurality of pontoon combinations to form a detachable structure, and FIG. 2 is a pontoon group composed of four pontoons splicing, the transmission rod is fixed on the pontoon set, and the pontoon 2 can also be a unitary structure; To extend the service life, the pontoon 2 must be strong enough; it uses a steel hollow box for rust prevention; the hollow part of the steel structure can be filled with plastic foam or other lightweight materials, and the foam is filled to prevent the tank from leaking. The volume of seawater discharged has buoyancy. As shown in Fig. 7, a plurality of sets of floating tank structures can be constructed in parallel on the platform at sea level to form a tidal power generation base at sea.
  • the transmission main shaft 8 is fixed on the base 6 by bearings 9 disposed on the two bearing housings, and a fixed deflection module 7 is fixed between the two bearing housings.
  • the pawl wheel mechanism 12 the energy obtained during the rising and falling of the sea level is converted into the elastic potential energy, and the pawl fixing spring is not reversely released.
  • the transmission gear 15 is released: after the spring energy storage mechanism saves energy, the genset is driven by the release transmission gear 15 according to the required rotation speed of the genset.
  • Release clutch 17 When the spring energy storage mechanism is full of energy, the spring is tensioned and connected to the release clutch 17 through the gearbox. When the generator set needs to generate electricity, the clutch is closed to drive the generator set to generate electricity, the clutch is opened when the generator is stopped, and the generator set stops generating electricity. . In addition, the clutch can not only adjust the spring tension of the spring storage mechanism but also facilitate the maintenance of the equipment.
  • the generator set is calculated based on the volume of the pontoon and the distance between the sea level and the ups and downs to match the generator set.
  • Substation power distribution mechanism 19 is the generator set to send electricity, in addition to the electric high voltage network After that, the voltage is stepped and transformed, and the device that supplies the high voltage power grid to the piezoelectric transformer network is incorporated.
  • the pontoon may also adopt an empty box structure, which has a hollow structure or may be filled with foam or other lightweight materials, and the box body may be aluminum alloy or plastic in addition to the steel plate structure. production.
  • the reversing gear transmission box 11 a single energy conversion structure can be used instead of the energy conversion in the down state of the lower floating body, but the related equipment cost is increased in this state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种潮汐发电装置，包括设置在海平面上方的基台（7）、固定在基台上的发电机及传动齿轮组，传动齿轮组连接有纵向传动杆（6），位于海水平面的纵向传动杆（6）端部固有浮箱（3），传动齿轮组连接有贮能机构（13），贮能机构（13）与发电机轴传动连接；换向齿轮传动箱（111）由设置在传动主轴（9）上的主动齿轮（113）、与主动齿轮（113）传动连接的传动齿轮（112）和换向齿轮（114）、与传动齿轮（112）和换向齿轮（114）传动连接的变速齿轮（12）构成，换向齿轮传动箱（111）的传动轴上设置有刺爪轮机构（13），刺爪轮结构（13）与贮能结构（13）传动连接。采用这种潮汐发电装置具有发电效率高、发电连续均匀，安装方便、结构简单等有点，可在海平面上大规模构筑，为用户提供清洁能源。

Description

潮汐发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及发电技术领域，具体是涉及利用潮汐进行发电的技术领域。
背景技术
海水潮汐是由于月球的引力引起的海水平面上升和下降的过程，利用这种月球引力引起的潮汐能源，是取之不尽用之不竭的清洁能源，并且不存在气候等其它因素的影响又属于稳定的能源。传统的利用潮汐发电的装置一般是采用：一、是围堰式的潮汐发电装置可以做到大功率的发电方式，但存在占地面积大又地理环境选择的影响，不能连续输出稳定电力，能量利用率低（只有5%）等缺点。二、是在海上用叶片式的潮汐发电装置，在潮水上升和下降过程中形成的进退潮海流发电，这种方式同样存在着发电功率小，变更率低，且装置容易受到风暴海潮损坏等缺点，因此上述装置都由于实施性差很少能得到广泛应用。
为了解决上述缺陷，专利号为ZL200410075783.6、授权公告日为2010年5月5日、发明名称为利用潮汐发电的方法及装置的发明专利申请提供了利用海水潮汐上涨和下降实现发电的结构及方法；其是在涨潮时，使海水积蓄于水槽中；使水槽内的海水逐渐排出水槽，水槽中的水位逐渐降低；水槽中的水位降低时，浮设于水槽内水面上的一浮锤随之逐渐下降；浮锤下降时带动连设于浮锤上的杆体运动，杆体的直线运动带动一发电齿轮转动，该发电齿轮带动发电机发电。上述发明专利可利用潮汐的涨落进行发电，但其仅仅利用了水槽中的水位下降时，浮锤下降带动杆体下降而转化的电能，而对于水槽中的水位上升时所产生的能量没有加以利用，虽然其发电效率较传统结构及方式有所提高，但其还是存在安装复杂麻烦等缺陷，尤其发电效率仍然有待进一步提高。
 技术问题
本发明目的在于提供一种发电效率更高、可实现自动连续发电、安装方便的潮汐发电装置。
 技术解决方案
本发明是通过如下技术方案来达到上述目的的：
一种潮汐发电装置，包括设置在海平面上方的基台、固定在基台上的发电机及传动齿轮组，传动齿轮组连接有纵向传动杆，其特征在于，所述位于海水平面的纵向传动杆端部固定有浮箱，传动齿轮组连接有贮能机构，贮能机构与发电机轴传动连接。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，传动齿轮组还包括有换向齿轮传动箱；所述换向齿轮传动箱由设置在传动主轴上的主动齿轮、与主动齿轮传动连接的传动齿轮和换向齿轮、与传动齿轮和换向齿轮传动连接的变速齿轮构成，换向齿轮传动箱的传动轴上设置有刺爪轮机构，刺爪轮机构与贮能机构传动连接。
所述贮能机构为弹簧贮能箱，弹簧贮能箱内设置弹簧齿轮，弹簧齿轮通过释放传动轮、传动轴、设置在传动轴上的释放离合器与发电机传动连接。
进一步地，在浮箱的两端还固定有立柱，立柱上设置有纵向导槽，浮箱两侧位于导槽内设置有定偏轮。
所述密封的箱体结构，或者箱体结构的浮箱内充填有轻质材料，如泡沫等或其它轻质材料，浮箱可以采用钢板结构材料、铝合金材料，也可以采用其它塑料材质等。
所述发电机通过变配电设备连接外接电网。
所述传动主轴通过设置在两轴承座上的轴承固定在基台上，两轴承座之间固定有定偏模块。
 有益效果
采用上述技术方案后，本发明能达到如下有益效果：
首先，本发明采用了换向齿轮传动装置，从而使浮箱在上升、下降时均能将能量转换为电能，从而使发电效率相比传统的发电装置无法比拟，相对于现在技术的ZL200410075783.6专利技术方案，理论上可提高一倍的发电效率；
二、本发明采用了弹簧贮能箱结构，可连续自动发电，不会浪费水的势能，发电效率较高；可实现全天连续发电，不象以往利用潮汐发电仅能进行间隔性地发电，巧妙解决了目前满潮和枯潮无功时段不能发电的难题，使海潮发电时间得到了增加；
三、本发明装置安装方便，结构也较为简单，使用方便，不会造成任何环境污染，不会破坏生态平衡；可方便地安装于海边，其动力来源取之不尽，用之不竭，无污染，无噪音，有利于环保和降低成本；
四、本发明的立柱与海基的固定方式为辐射状的固定结构，其固定更为牢固，可承受较大的潮汐承受力。
 附图说明
说明
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明：
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明浮箱结构示意图；
图3为本发明浮箱上潮与落潮时示意图；
图4为本发明浮箱压力结构示意图；
图5为本发明立柱与海底固定结构示意图；
图6本发明立柱与海底固定打桩孔结构示意图；
图7为本发明多组发电装置组合结构示意图。
附图标记说明：1、立柱 2、浮箱 3、定偏轮 4、定偏导槽 5、传动杆 6、基台 7、定偏模块 8、传动主轴 9、轴承 10、传动齿轮 11、换向齿轮传动箱 111、传动齿轮 112、主动齿轮 113、换向齿轮 114、变速齿轮 12、刺爪轮机构 13、贮能机构 14、弹簧齿轮 15、释放传动轮 16、传动轴 17、释放离合器 18、发电机 19、交配电设备 A1、落潮时低位水面 A2、上潮时高位水面 A 正常海平面 20、固定钢筋 21、固定钢筋孔。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
如图1所示，本发明的一种潮汐发电装置，包括设置在海平面上方的基台6、固定在基台上的发电机及传动齿轮组，基台6为混凝土基台，混凝土基台下支撑有立柱1，该立柱1为混凝土钢筋立柱，为了获取海潮上升时强大的推动力做功，必须在海床上构筑抓牢海床的钢筋混凝土构筑物，因此钢筋混凝土基台6与立柱1组成整体的钢筋混凝土框架结构，立柱1在海床上构筑显得相当重要。本发明要求在海床上开挖清理淤泥和风化层到岩石后，采用在海床上以基础轴心点向外斜开孔，植入钢筋后加注锚固剂后再浇注混凝土，增加抓牢海床的力量，这也是本发明的关键部分，其整体的钢筋混凝土框架结构保证海体上升时推力。F压>F浮，如图4、图5、图6所示，为了加强立柱与海底的固定强度，本发明的混凝土立柱采用向海底斜向打孔的方式，固定钢筋孔21沿立柱中心径向均匀分布，然后在固定钢筋孔21内设置固定钢筋20，这样固定效果最佳；传动齿轮组连接有纵向传动杆5，该纵向传动杆5由钢柱构成，所述位于海水平面的纵向传动杆端5部固定有浮箱2，传动齿轮组连接有贮能机构13，贮能机构13与发电机轴传动连接，传动齿轮组包括有换向齿轮传动箱11，传动杆5和传动齿轮组起到能量传递的作用。
本发明的换向齿轮传动箱11是由设置在传动主轴8上的主动齿轮112、与主动齿轮112传动连接的传动齿轮111和换向齿轮113、与传动齿轮111和换向齿轮113传动连接的变速齿轮114构成，换向齿轮传动箱11的传动轴上设置有刺爪轮机构12，刺爪轮机构12与贮能机构传动连接。换向齿轮传动箱11能保证海平面上升时浮箱2向上运动作用于传动杆5上升运动作功。海平面下降时，浮箱2在重力的作用下向下移动，这时候启动换向齿轮113，把下降的重力势能转换成有用功作功。
本发明的贮能机构为弹簧贮能箱13，弹簧贮能箱13内设置弹簧齿轮14，它是将海水上升和下降过程中的动力能和重力势能转成弹性势能的储能机构，这也是这个发明重点，弹簧箱储能箱13能把潮汐的往复的间隙动作能量储存起来变成弹性势能加以利用，这种储能方式，能做到：能量利用率高达到95%；能量释放连续稳定及便于操作等特点。
弹簧齿轮14通过释放传动轮15、传动轴16、设置在传动轴16上的释放离合器17与发电机19传动连接，发电机18通过变配电设备19连接外接高压电网，将电能输送出去。
在浮箱2的两端设置在两立柱1之间，立柱1上设置有纵向导槽4，浮箱2两侧位于导槽4内设置有定偏轮3。纵向导槽4和定偏轮3起到稳定上下垂直的直线运动作用。
如图2、图3所示，本发明的浮箱2内充填有泡沫，也是本发明的关键部分。海水潮汐能量的获取是靠浮箱排开海水的体积V1、V2多少及海水潮汐上下的距离来获取能量的，图中所示的A为风平浪静时正常海平面，A1为落潮时海平面，A2为涨潮时海平面：能量E=Vdg*ΔH+G*ΔH本发明是在整体海上构筑物的海平面上设置于箱内充满塑料泡沫的、足够强度的钢结构、合金或其它结构的浮箱。
浮箱2可以由多个浮箱组合构成可拆装结构，图2为4个浮箱拼接组成的浮箱组，传动杆固定在浮箱组上，浮箱2也可以为整体式结构；为了延长使用寿命，浮箱2必须够强度；它采用钢结构中空箱体进行防锈；钢结构箱体中空部分内可填充塑料泡沫或其它轻质材料，填充泡沫是为了在箱体漏水时仍能排开海水的体积具有浮力。如图7所示，可在海平面上平台构筑多组浮箱体结构并联发电，形成在海上潮汐发电基地。
所述传动主轴8通过设置在两轴承座上的轴承9固定在基台6上，两轴承座之间固定有定偏模块7。
刺爪轮机构12：在海平面上升和下降过程中获取的能量转换成弹性势能时储蓄下来，刺爪固定弹簧不反转释放。
释放传动齿轮15：在弹簧储能机构储蓄能量后，根据发电机组所需要的转速，通过释放传动齿轮15传动对发电机组驱动。
释放离合器17：弹簧储能机构储满能量时，弹簧张紧，通过变速箱连接到释放离合器17，在发电机组需要发电时，离合器闭合驱动发电机组发电，在停止时打开离合器，发电机组停止发电。另外离合器不但可以调节弹簧储蓄机构的弹簧张紧度还可以便于检修设备。
发电机组是根据浮箱体积及海平面上下涨落的距离做功率测算，去匹配的发电机组。
变电配电机构19：是发电机组发出电力，另外电高压网同 后进行升压变压，并入高压电网向变压电网供电的装置。
作为本发明的其它实施例，所述浮箱还可以采用空箱体结构，其内为中空结构或者也可以充填泡沫或其它轻质材料，箱体除钢板结构外还可以是铝合金或者塑料等制成。同时作为换向齿轮传动箱11也可以单独采用一组换能结构来代替下浮体下行状态时的能量转换，只不过在这种状态下增加了相关设备成本。
以上所述的实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (12)

1、一种潮汐发电装置，包括设置在海平面上方的基台、固定在基台上的发电机及传动齿轮组，传动齿轮组连接有纵向传动杆，其特征在于，所述位于海水平面的纵向传动杆上固定有浮箱，传动齿轮组连接有贮能机构，贮能机构与发电机轴传动连接。
2、根据权利要求1所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述传动齿轮组包括有换向齿轮传动箱。
3、根据权利要求2所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述换向齿轮传动箱由设置在传动主轴上的主动齿轮、与主动齿轮传动连接的第二传动齿轮和换向齿轮、与第二传动齿轮和换向齿轮传动连接的变速齿轮构成，换向齿轮传动箱的传动轴上设置有刺爪轮机构，刺爪轮机构与贮能机构传动连接。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述贮能机构为弹簧贮能箱，弹簧贮能箱内设置弹簧齿轮，弹簧齿轮通过释放传动轮、传动轴、设置在传动轴上的释放离合器与发电机传动连接。
5、根据权利要求1、2或3或所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，在浮箱的两端还固定有立柱，立柱与基台构成框架结构，立柱上设置有纵向导槽，浮箱两侧位于导槽内设置有定偏轮。
6、根据权利要求5所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述立柱为钢筋混凝土结构，其与海底的固定结构为向海底斜向打孔固定钢筋的方式结构，打孔方向沿立柱中心径向圆周均匀分布。
7、根据权利要求5所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述浮箱的外表面为钢板结构。
8、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述浮箱为箱体中空结构，箱体结构的中空部分充填有轻质材料。
9、 根据权利要求1、2或3或所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电机通过变配电设备连接外接电网。
10、 根据权利要求3所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述传动主轴通过设置在两轴承座上的轴承固定在基台上，两轴承座之间固定有定偏模块。
[根据细则26改正02.05.2012]　
11、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述若干个结构相同的潮汐发电装置并列形成发电装置机组。
[根据细则26改正02.05.2012]　
12、根据权利要求1、2或3所述的潮汐发电装置，其特征在于，所述浮箱为由多个浮箱组合构成的可拆装结构。
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