WO2013143078A1 - 一种建立直接隧道的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种建立直接隧道的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013143078A1
WO2013143078A1 PCT/CN2012/073171 CN2012073171W WO2013143078A1 WO 2013143078 A1 WO2013143078 A1 WO 2013143078A1 CN 2012073171 W CN2012073171 W CN 2012073171W WO 2013143078 A1 WO2013143078 A1 WO 2013143078A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user terminal
gateway
direct tunnel
network element
preset
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/073171
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戚彩霞
银宇
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2015502038A priority Critical patent/JP5986287B2/ja
Priority to CN201280000318.9A priority patent/CN103503496B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2012/073171 priority patent/WO2013143078A1/zh
Priority to EP12872963.9A priority patent/EP2822235B1/en
Publication of WO2013143078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143078A1/zh
Priority to US14/497,771 priority patent/US9706587B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H04W76/16—Involving different core network technologies, e.g. a packet-switched [PS] bearer in combination with a circuit-switched [CS] bearer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/19—Connection re-establishment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for establishing a direct tunnel. Background technique
  • GTP Gene l Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Suppor t Node, GPRS service support node.
  • GGSN Gateway GPRS Suppor t Node, GPRS Gateway Support Node
  • GTP will continue to be used in EPS (Evolved Packet System).
  • GTP is used to forward signaling messages and service data packets.
  • the network element that uses GTP is identified by IP address, UDP (User Data Protocol) port number, and TEID (Tunnel Endpoint Ident if ier).
  • IP address IP address
  • UDP User Data Protocol
  • TEID Tel Endpoint Ident if ier
  • the direct tunnel is one of the user plane tunnel modes in the GPRS network, and can also be applied to the EPS network.
  • the SGW directly establishes a user plane tunnel in the EPS network by the RNC (Radio Network Controller) and the GGSN or the SGW (Serving Gateway), and the upstream and downstream user plane data packets are in the RNC and the GGSN (or Direct forwarding between SGWs does not require passing through the SGSN.
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • GGSN Serving Gateway
  • the SGSN When the user terminal is idle, in the direct tunnel mode, the SGSN updates the user plane tunnel on the GGSN (or SGW) through a signaling message, and establishes a user plane tunnel between the SGSN and the GGSN (or SGW), when the user terminal in the idle state
  • the SGSN initiates a paging process, triggering the user terminal to initiate a service request procedure, to establish a signaling connection and a radio bearer between the user terminal and the network, and to convert the user terminal into a connected state.
  • the SGSN In the service request procedure, if the SGSN decides to establish a direct tunnel, the SGSN exchanges signaling messages with the RNC and the GGSN (or SGW), exchanges the tunnel endpoint identifiers of the RNC and the GGSN (or SGW), and establishes the RNC and the GGSN (or SGW). Direct tunnel.
  • the service request process can also be initiated by the user terminal.
  • the direct tunnel mechanism can reduce the number of path hops when the user plane forwards packets, and reduce the service delay.
  • the SGSN frequently sends signaling messages to the GGSN or the SGW in order to establish a direct tunnel or cancel the direct tunnel. This leads to an increase in the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW, which intensifies the GGSN or Signaling load on the SGW. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for establishing a direct tunnel, which can reduce the number of signaling messages to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW, and reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or the SGW.
  • a method of establishing a direct tunnel comprising:
  • the mobility management network element determines that the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition; sends a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway;
  • the response message is used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established.
  • a device for establishing a direct tunnel comprising:
  • a determining unit configured to determine that a feature of the user terminal meets a preset direct tunnel establishment condition
  • a sending unit configured to send a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a downlink between the radio access network and the gateway Direct tunnel
  • a receiving unit configured to receive a response message sent by the gateway, where the response message is used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for establishing a direct tunnel, which determines that a characteristic of a user terminal satisfies a preset direct tunnel establishment condition, and sends a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a radio access network and the gateway. Direct tunneling between the downlinks; receiving a response message sent by the gateway, the response message being used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established.
  • the signaling message is frequently sent to the GGSN or the SGW, resulting in an increase in the number of signaling messages to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW, which intensifies the signaling load on the GGSN or the SGW.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention can reduce the number of signaling messages to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW, and reduce the signaling on the GGSN or the SGW. Load, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for establishing a direct tunnel according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for establishing a direct tunnel according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is provided according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for establishing a direct tunnel in an EPS network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another method for establishing a direct tunnel in a GPRS network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of another method for establishing a direct tunnel in an EPS network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for establishing a direct tunnel according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. detailed description
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 01 The mobility management network element determines that the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment bar. Pieces.
  • the characteristics of the user terminal include at least one of a signaling characteristic of the user terminal and a service attribute of the user terminal, where the signaling characteristics of the user terminal include the connection of the user terminal in a connected state and an idle state. At least one of a frequency of the user terminal and a type of the user terminal; the service attribute of the user terminal includes a PDP context of the user terminal or a duration of a service corresponding to the bearer context, a type of the service, the PDP context or At least one of a duration of a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, a number of packets of the downlink data packet, a traffic of the downlink data packet, and a time interval between the downlink data packets.
  • the frequency of the connection between the connected state and the idle state of the user terminal is counted; the mobility management network element determines that the frequency is within a preset frequency range; or
  • the mobility management network element determines that the type of the user terminal is within a preset type range; or the mobility management network element collects the received duration of the PDP context of the user terminal or the service corresponding to the bearer context, the duration Within the preset duration; or
  • the mobile management network element collects the PDP context of the user terminal or the number of downlink data packets corresponding to the bearer context, where the number of packets is within a preset number of packets; or
  • the mobile management network element collects the PDP context of the user terminal or the traffic of the downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the traffic is within a preset traffic range; or
  • the time interval between the PDP context of the user terminal or the downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context is calculated by the mobility management network element, where the time interval is within a preset time interval; or, the mobility management network element determines the user
  • the type of the service corresponding to the PDP context or the bearer context of the terminal is a preset service type.
  • Step 1 02 Send a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway.
  • the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the mobility management network element; or the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the operation maintenance network element or the parameter sending network element and sent to the mobile Manage network elements.
  • the network element for sending parameters can be a network element such as a policy and charging rule function network element and a data gateway.
  • the gateway may be a data gateway or a service gateway.
  • Step 103 Receive a response message sent by the gateway, where the response message is used to confirm that a direct tunnel of a downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established.
  • the gateway establishes a direct tunnel according to the user plane IP address of the RNC carried in the received request message and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, and then sends a response message to the mobility management network element. Therefore, the PDP context of the user terminal or the downlink service data packet corresponding to the bearer context may be sent to the radio access network by the established direct tunnel through the data gateway or the serving gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel, which determines that a characteristic of a user terminal satisfies a preset direct tunnel establishment condition, and sends a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a relationship between the radio access network and the gateway.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the device may be a mobility management network element.
  • the device includes: a determining unit 201, a sending unit 202, a receiving unit 203, and a determining unit 201. It is determined that the characteristics of the user terminal satisfy the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • the characteristics of the user terminal include at least one of a signaling characteristic of the user terminal and a service attribute of the user terminal, where the signaling characteristics of the user terminal include the connection of the user terminal in a connected state and an idle state.
  • the service attribute of the user terminal includes a PDP context of the user terminal or a duration of a service corresponding to the bearer context, a type of the service, the PDP context or At least one of a duration of a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, a number of packets of the downlink data packet, a traffic of the downlink data packet, and a time interval between the downlink data packets;
  • the first statistic module in the determining unit is configured to collect statistics on the user terminal.
  • the frequency of the connected state and the idle state transition; the first determining module is configured to determine that the frequency is within a preset frequency range.
  • the determining unit is specifically configured to determine that the type of the user terminal is within a preset type range.
  • the second statistic module in the determining unit is configured to collect the received PDP context of the user terminal or the duration of the service corresponding to the bearer context, and the second determining module is configured to determine that the duration is Within the preset duration; or
  • the second statistic module is configured to collect a PDP context of the user terminal or a number of packets of a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the second determining module is configured to determine that the number of packets is in a preset number of packets.
  • the second statistic module is configured to collect the PDP context of the user terminal or the traffic of the downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the second determining module is configured to use the traffic in a preset traffic range; or ,
  • the second statistic module is configured to collect a time interval between a PDP context of the user terminal or a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the second determining module is configured to use the time interval at a preset time Within the interval.
  • the determining unit is specifically configured to determine that the type of the service corresponding to the PDP context or the bearer context of the user terminal is a preset service type.
  • the function of the determining unit may be completed by the first statistic module and the first determining module, or may be completed by the second statistic module and the second determining module.
  • the sending unit 202 is configured to send a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the wireless access network and the gateway.
  • the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the mobility management network element; or the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the operation maintenance network element or the parameter sending network element and delivered to the mobile Manage network elements.
  • the receiving unit 203 is configured to receive a response message sent by the gateway, where the response message is used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for establishing a direct tunnel, where the determining unit determines that the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition; the sending unit sends a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a radio access network and the a direct tunnel of the downlink between the gateways; the receiving unit receives a response message sent by the gateway, where the response message is used to confirm that the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established Direct tunnel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the application scenario is: in a GPRS network or an EPS network, the mobile management network element initiates a paging process for the user terminal in an idle state, and triggers the user terminal to initiate a service request process. Or a direct tunnel is established during the process of the user terminal actively initiating the service request process.
  • the radio access network is the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partner ship Projector) of the UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) Access, corresponding to RNS (Radio Network Subsystem, wireless network subsystem), mobile management network element is SGSN, data gateway is GGSN.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partner ship Projector
  • UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • RNS Radio Network Subsystem, wireless network subsystem
  • mobile management network element is SGSN
  • data gateway is GGSN.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 The mobile management network element receives the downlink user plane data packet sent by the data gateway, and learns the state of the user terminal corresponding to the user plane data packet.
  • the mobile management network element learns the status of the user terminal by using the user context corresponding to the received downlink user plane data packet. If there is no downlink user plane information in the user context, the user terminal is in an idle state, if the user If there is user plane information of the downlink in the context, the user terminal is in the connected state.
  • the user plane information of the downlink is a user plane IP address and a tunnel endpoint identifier of a PDP context allocated by the RNC.
  • Step 302 When the user terminal is in an idle state, the mobility management network element initiates a paging process to the user terminal, and sends a paging message to the user terminal. It should be noted that, when the user terminal has a user plane data packet to be sent, the user terminal may also initiate a service request process. In this case, step 301 and step 302 are not performed, that is, the paging process is not initiated, and the direct execution is performed. Establish a connection with the radio access network and subsequent operations.
  • Step 303 After monitoring the paging message, the user terminal establishes a connection with the radio access network. After the user terminal detects the paging message, the user terminal establishes a process recovery and a signaling connection between the networks through the radio resource connection.
  • Step 304 The user terminal sends a service request message to the mobility management network element.
  • the service request message is sent to the mobility management network element, where the service request message carries the user identifier of the user terminal, so that the mobility management network element establishes the bearer of the user terminal.
  • the mobility management network element may perform a security function, complete authentication on the user terminal, and obtain a security vector on the HLR (Home Location Register) to encrypt the signaling message of the control plane.
  • the HLR is responsible for the management and maintenance of the subscription information of the home users.
  • Step 305 The mobility management network element sends a radio access bearer assignment request to the radio access network, so as to establish an uplink direct tunnel between the radio access network and the data gateway, where the wireless
  • the access bearer assignment request includes a user plane IP address of the data gateway and an uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier of the PDP context allocated by the data gateway.
  • the mobility management network element determines to establish a direct tunnel for the PDP context corresponding to the downlink data packet
  • the data packet endpoint identifier is carried in the radio access bearer assignment request sent to the radio access network.
  • the uplink data packet corresponding to the PDP context of the user terminal is directly tunneled to the data gateway through the radio access network.
  • the downlink data packet is sent by the indirect tunnel to the mobility management network element through the data gateway, and then forwarded to the radio access network.
  • the indirect tunnel can also be referred to as a two-segment tunnel mode.
  • a tunnel corresponding to the same PDP context is divided into two segments.
  • a user plane tunnel is established between the GGSN and the SGSN, and a user plane tunnel is established between the SGSN and the RNC.
  • a direct tunnel may also be referred to as a tunnel mode.
  • a tunnel corresponding to the same PDP context is a segment, and a user plane tunnel is directly established by the RNC and the GGSN.
  • Straight The tunneling mode can improve the forwarding efficiency of the user plane data packet, reduce the service delay, and improve the service experience of the user terminal.
  • the mobility management network element decides to establish a direct tunnel for the PDP context of the user terminal, the Both the uplink and downlink use a direct tunnel.
  • the uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier of the PDP context is allocated by the data gateway to the radio access network, optionally, when the user terminal is switched from the connected state to the idle state, the mobility management network element An uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier of a PDP context transmitted by a signaling message previously operated by the data gateway through a PDP activation procedure or an update PDP context.
  • Step 306 The radio access network returns a radio access bearer assignment response message to the mobility management network element, where the radio access bearer assignment response is used to confirm successful establishment of the radio access network and the gateway. Direct tunnel for the uplink.
  • the radio access network After receiving the radio access bearer assignment request sent by the mobility management network element, the radio access network sends a radio bearer setup request to the user terminal, and the user terminal returns a radio bearer setup complete message to the radio access network, and the radio access network receives the radio. After the bearer setup complete message is sent, the radio access 7
  • the radio access bearer assignment response message includes a user plane IP address of the radio network controller RNC and a downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC; and is carried in a radio access bearer assignment response message.
  • the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC are used to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • the RNS is a radio network subsystem, and is responsible for controlling resources of the cells, and each RNS includes an RNC (Radio Network Controller) and one or more Node B 0 RNCs are RNSs.
  • the control part is responsible for the management of various interfaces and is responsible for the management of radio resources and wireless parameters.
  • the main functions include: system information broadcasting and access control functions, mobility management functions such as handover and RNC migration, macro diversity collection, power control, and radio bearer allocation.
  • the Node B is controlled by the RNC, and serves the wireless transceiver device of a certain cell to complete the conversion between the RNC and the wireless channel, and realizes the wireless transmission and related control functions between the Node B and the mobile station through the air interface.
  • Step 307 The mobility management network element determines whether the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • step 308 is performed.
  • Step 308 When it is determined that the feature of the user terminal meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, the mobility management network element sends an update packet data protocol PDP context request message to the data gateway, where the update PDP context request message includes the user of the RNC.
  • the IP address of the downlink and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, the update PDP context request message is used to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the mobility management network element; or the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the operation maintenance network element or the parameter sending network element and delivered to the network The mobile management network element.
  • the network element for sending parameters can be a network element such as a policy and charging rule network element and a data gateway.
  • the mobility management network element determines to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink for the PDP context of the user terminal according to the characteristics of the user equipment.
  • the characteristics of the user terminal include at least one of a signaling characteristic of the user terminal and a service attribute of the user terminal, where the signaling characteristics of the user terminal include the connection of the user terminal in a connected state and an idle state.
  • the service attribute of the user terminal includes a duration of the service of the PDP context of the user terminal, a type of the service, and a downlink data packet corresponding to the PDP context. At least one of a duration, a number of packets of the downlink packet, a traffic of the downlink packet, and a time interval between the downlink packets.
  • the mobility management network element counts the frequency of the user terminal in the connected state and the idle state transition, and when the statistical state transition frequency is determined in the preset When the state transition frequency threshold is within the range, the Update Packet Data Protocol PDP Context Request message is sent to the gateway to establish a direct downlink between the radio access network and the gateway.
  • the mobility management network element may collect statistics on the frequency of the transition of the user terminal in the connected state and the idle state by counting the frequency of the Iu interface release process and the service request process.
  • the Iu interface is the connection interface between the RNC and the SGSN.
  • the Iu interface translation process is executed, the user terminal transitions to the idle state, and when the service request process is executed, the user terminal transitions to the connected state.
  • the frequency satisfies the preset frequency threshold range, for example, the state transition of the user terminal is less than 2 times within 5 minutes, and the state transition of the user terminal is less than 5 times within 3 hours
  • the mobile management network element establishes the radio access network and the data. Direct tunneling of the downlink between gateways.
  • the mobility management network element determines that the type of the user terminal is within a preset type range, and sends an update PDP context request message to the gateway to establish a wireless connection. a direct tunnel of the downlink between the network access and the gateway;
  • the mobility management network element can learn the type of the user terminal by using the information contained in the received signaling message sent by other network elements.
  • an international mobile device identity code (Interna t iona l Mobi le Equipment Ident i ty, ⁇ 1), a user, is included in a signaling message sent by a network element such as a received radio access network, a data gateway, or a serving gateway.
  • Information such as the terminal type indication is used to know the type of the user terminal.
  • the mobility management network element when the type of the preset user terminal is a feature phone, if the type of the user terminal is a feature phone, the mobility management network element establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway; if the type of the user terminal In the case of a smartphone, the mobility management network element does not establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway or the serving gateway.
  • Smartphones have features such as fast sleep, platform, business heartbeat, and push mechanisms that can cause smartphones to switch between connected and idle states frequently.
  • the mobile management network element does not establish a direct tunnel for the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway or the serving gateway for the smart phone to reduce the signaling messages that need to be processed on the data gateway or the serving gateway.
  • the mobility management network element collects the duration of the received service corresponding to the PDP context of the user terminal, where the duration is preset.
  • the duration of the range For example, when the duration of the service is greater than 3s, or the duration of the service is greater than 2s, the mobility management network element establishes a radio access network and a data gateway. Direct tunnel between the downlinks.
  • the user terminal is always in the connected state. The longer the service is, the more beneficial it is to establish a direct tunnel.
  • the user plane forwarding related to the service can reduce the number of forwarding path hops and reduce the forwarding delay.
  • the mobility management network element determines that the type of the service corresponding to the PDP context of the user terminal is a preset service type, and sends an update PDP context request to the data gateway.
  • the message establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • the mobility management network element may learn the service type corresponding to the downlink data packet by using deep packet parsing, or may obtain the differential service code point or the flow label of the IP header of the downlink data packet, or the extension header of the GTP header.
  • the service type of the downlink data packet can also be learned by the signaling message sent by the data gateway or the serving gateway. For example, when the service type of the downlink data packet is a voice service or the service type of the downlink data packet is a video service, the mobile management network element establishes a wireless access network and data. Direct tunneling of the downlink between gateways.
  • the mobility management network element does not establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • Different services may have different delay requirements, some service delays are sensitive, and some services can tolerate longer delays.
  • Establishing a direct tunnel for services with high latency requirements can take advantage of direct tunnels and reduce service delays.
  • the mobility management network element collects a duration of the downlink data packet corresponding to the current PDP context, for example, when the duration of the downlink data packet is greater than 1 s , or the duration of the downlink data packet is not less than 700 ms, etc., and the mobility management network element establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • the longer the duration of the downlink data packet the more beneficial it is to establish a direct tunnel.
  • the user plane forwarding of the downlink data packet corresponding to the PDP context can reduce the number of forwarding path hops and reduce the forwarding delay.
  • the mobility management network element collects the number of downlink data packets corresponding to the PDP context of the user terminal, where the number of packets is in a preset number of packets. For example, when the number of packets of the downlink data packet is not less than 10, the mobility management network element is built. Direct tunneling of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway. The longer the downlink data packet is, the more beneficial it is to establish a direct tunnel. The user plane forwarding of subsequent downlink data packets can reduce the number of forwarding path hops and reduce the forwarding delay.
  • the mobility management network element collects the traffic of the downlink data packet corresponding to the PDP context of the user terminal, where the traffic is within a preset traffic range; for example, when When the downlink data packet has a traffic greater than 1 M, or the downlink data packet traffic is not less than 300 K, the mobility management network element establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • the larger the downstream packet traffic the more beneficial it is to establish a direct tunnel.
  • the user plane of the downstream data packet corresponding to the PDP context can be forwarded to reduce the number of hops and reduce the forwarding delay.
  • the mobility management network element calculates a time interval between downlink data packets corresponding to the PDP context, where the time interval is at a preset time interval.
  • the time interval between data packets is not more than 2 s, or when the time interval between data packets is less than 3 s, the mobility management network element establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway. The longer the time interval between downlink packets, the more likely the mobility management network element to switch between the connected state and the idle state, and the less suitable it is to establish a direct tunnel.
  • condition for sending the request message to the data gateway described in step 308 of the present invention may be when one of the characteristics of the user terminal, any two combinations, or any combination of two or more meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • set a preset direct tunnel establishment condition according to the specific application scenario.
  • Step 309 The data gateway replies to the mobility management network element to update a PDP context response message, where the update PDP context response message is used to confirm the downlink user plane allocated according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the RNC.
  • the tunnel endpoint ID successfully established a direct tunnel.
  • the data gateway establishes a direct tunnel between the gateway and the radio access network according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, and downlink service data corresponding to the PDP context of the user terminal.
  • the packet is sent by the direct tunnel to the wireless access network through the data gateway.
  • Step 310 The mobility management network element receives the update PDP context response message sent by the data gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel, and determining that the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, and sending a request message to the data gateway, where the request message is used to establish a radio access network and the gateway. a direct tunnel of the downlink; receiving a response message sent by the data gateway, the response message being used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway is successfully established.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides another method for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the application scenario is: in an EPS network, a mobile service network element initiates a service request process to an idle user terminal, or a user terminal actively initiates a service request process.
  • the access network is a 3GPP access of the UTRAN, corresponding to the RNS
  • the mobility management network element may be an SGSN
  • the service gateway may be an SGW
  • the data gateway may be a PGW (Packe t Da ta Ne twork Ga teway , Packet data network gateway).
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 The mobile management network element receives the downlink user plane data packet sent by the serving gateway, and learns the state of the user terminal corresponding to the user plane data packet.
  • the mobile management network element learns the status of the user terminal by using the user context corresponding to the received downlink user plane data packet. If there is no downlink user plane information in the user context, the user terminal is in an idle state, if the user If there is user plane information of the downlink in the context, the user terminal is in the connected state.
  • the user plane information of the downlink is a user plane IP address and a tunnel endpoint identifier of a PDP context/bearer context allocated by the RNC.
  • Step 402 When the user terminal is in an idle state, the mobility management network element initiates a paging process to the user terminal, and sends a paging message to the user terminal.
  • the user terminal may also initiate a service request process.
  • step 401 and step 402 are not performed, that is, the paging process is not initiated, and the direct execution is performed.
  • Step 403 After the user terminal detects the paging message, establish a connection with the radio access network.
  • Step 404 The user terminal sends a service request message to the mobility management network element.
  • the service request message is sent to the mobility management network element, where the service request message carries the user identifier of the user terminal, so that the mobility management network element establishes the bearer of the user terminal.
  • the mobility management network element may perform a security function, complete authentication on the user terminal, and obtain a security vector on the HSS (Home Subscr iber Server, home location register) to encrypt the signaling message of the control plane.
  • the HSS is responsible for the management and maintenance of the subscription information of the home users.
  • Step 405 The mobility management network element sends a radio access bearer assignment request to the radio access network, so as to establish an uplink direct tunnel between the radio access network and the serving gateway, where the wireless
  • the access bearer assignment request includes a user plane IP address of the serving gateway and an uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier of the bearer assigned by the serving gateway.
  • the mobility management network element determines to establish a direct tunnel for the bearer corresponding to the downlink data packet
  • the user plane IP address and the service gateway assignment of the serving gateway are carried in the radio access bearer assignment request sent to the radio access network.
  • the uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier of the bearer is sent to the serving gateway through the wireless access network by the direct tunnel.
  • the downlink data packet is sent by the indirect tunnel to the mobility management network element through the serving gateway, and then forwarded to the radio access network.
  • Step 406 The radio access network replies to the mobility management network element with a radio access bearer assignment response message, where the radio access bearer assignment response is used to confirm that the radio access network and the serving gateway are successfully established. Direct tunnel between the uplinks.
  • the radio access bearer assignment response message includes a user plane IP address of the radio network controller RNC and a downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC; and is carried in a radio access bearer assignment response message.
  • the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier assigned by the RNC are used to establish a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the serving gateway.
  • Step 407 The mobility management network element determines whether the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel. Establish conditions.
  • the mobility management network element determines that the feature of the user terminal does not meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition
  • the direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the serving gateway is not established for the user terminal, so as to reduce the need for processing.
  • the number of signaling messages is reduced, and the signaling load of the serving gateway is reduced.
  • the steps are performed.
  • Step 408 When it is determined that the feature of the user terminal meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, the mobility management network element sends a change bearer request message to the serving gateway, where the change bearer request message includes the user plane IP address and the location of the RNC.
  • the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the mobility management network element; or the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the operation maintenance network element or the parameter sending network element and delivered to the mobile The management network element, where the parameter sending network element can be a network element such as a policy and charging rule network element and a data gateway.
  • the mobility management network element determines, according to characteristics of the user equipment, a direct tunnel for establishing a downlink for the bearer context.
  • the characteristics of the user terminal include at least one of a signaling characteristic of the user terminal and a service attribute of the user terminal, where the signaling characteristics of the user terminal include the connection of the user terminal in a connected state and an idle state.
  • At least one of the frequency of the user terminal and the type of the user terminal, the service attribute of the user terminal includes a duration of the service carrying the context, a type of the service, and a duration of a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context And at least one of a number of packets of the downlink data packet, a traffic of the downlink data packet, and a time interval between the downlink data packets.
  • step 308 The operation of determining whether the characteristics of the user terminal meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is the same as the operation of step 308 in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 3, except that the PDP context in the GPRS network is the bearer context in the EPS network. Therefore, in this step, it is not - described.
  • one of the characteristics of the user terminal may be When any two combinations or any combination of two or more meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, the request message is sent to the serving gateway.
  • the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is set according to the specific application scenario.
  • Step 409 The serving gateway replies to the mobility management network element to change a bearer context response message, where the change bearer context response message is used to confirm the downlink user plane allocated according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the RNC.
  • the tunnel endpoint ID successfully established a direct tunnel.
  • the serving gateway establishes a direct tunnel between the serving gateway and the radio access network according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, and the downlink service corresponding to the bearer context of the user terminal
  • the data packet is sent by the direct tunnel to the wireless access network through the service gateway.
  • Step 410 The mobility management network element receives the change bearer context response message sent by the serving gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel, by determining that the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, and sending a request message to the serving gateway, where the request message is used to establish a radio access network and the gateway. a direct tunnel of the downlink; receiving a response message sent by the serving gateway, the response message being used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the serving gateway is successfully established.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides another method for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the application scenario is that a direct tunnel is established during a PDP activation process initiated by a user terminal in a GPRS network or an EPS network.
  • the access network is a 3GPP access of the UTRAN, corresponding to the RNS
  • the mobility management network element is the SGSN
  • the data gateway is the GGSN.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to a PDP context activation process initiated by a user terminal, and may also be applied to a secondary PDP context activation process initiated by a user terminal.
  • the PDP context activation process is described in detail as an example. As shown in FIG. 5, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 The user terminal initiates a PDP context activation process of the user terminal, and sends an activation PDP context request message to the mobility management network element.
  • the Activate PDP Context Request message includes a PDP activation type, a PDP address, an APN (Aces s Po int Name, an access point), a required QoS (Quality of Service), a PDP configuration option, and the like.
  • Step 502 The mobility management network element receives the activated PDP context request message sent by the user terminal, and sends a setup PDP context request to the data gateway.
  • Step 503 The data gateway receives the setup PDP context request sent by the mobility management network element to reply to the mobility management network element to establish a PDP context response.
  • the mobile management network element If the data gateway can satisfy the QoS, the mobile management network element is replied with a PDP context response, and if the QoS cannot be satisfied, the mobile management network element is refused to establish a PDP context.
  • the establishing PDP context response includes a user plane IP address of the data gateway and an uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the data gateway to establish an uplink direct tunnel.
  • Step 504 The mobility management network element sends a radio access bearer assignment request to the radio access network, where the radio access bearer assignment request includes a user plane IP address of the data gateway and an uplink allocated by the data gateway. User plane tunnel endpoint ID.
  • Step 505 The radio access network returns a radio access bearer assignment response message to the mobility management network element, where the radio access bearer assignment response message includes a user plane IP address of the radio network controller RNC and the RNC allocation.
  • the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier is included in Step 505.
  • Step 504 and step 505 are the same as the process of obtaining the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, which is the same as the implementation process of step 305 and step 306 in the foregoing embodiment. Steps 305 and 306 in the example are not described here.
  • Step 506 The mobility management network element replies to the user terminal with an activated PDP context response message.
  • Step 507 The mobility management network element determines whether the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • the mobility management network element determines that the feature of the user terminal does not meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, the direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway is not established for the user, so as to reduce the letter to be processed.
  • the number of messages is used to reduce the signaling load of the data gateway.
  • Step 508 When it is determined that the feature of the user terminal meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, the mobility management network element sends an update PDP context request message to the data gateway, so as to establish a downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway.
  • the direct tunnel of the path, the update PDP context request message includes the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC.
  • step 508 is the same as the execution of step 308 in the above embodiment. For details, see the steps.
  • condition for sending the request message to the data gateway described in step 508 of the present invention may be when one of the characteristics of the user terminal, any two combinations, or any combination of two or more meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • set a preset direct tunnel establishment condition according to the specific application scenario.
  • Step 509 The data gateway replies to the mobility management network element to update a PDP context response message, where the update PDP context response message is used to confirm the downlink user plane allocated according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the RNC.
  • the tunnel endpoint ID successfully established a direct tunnel.
  • step 509 is the same as the execution of step 309 in the above embodiment. For details, see the steps.
  • the data gateway establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the gateway and the radio access network according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, and the PDP context corresponding to the user terminal
  • the downlink service data packet is sent to the radio access network through the data gateway through a direct tunnel.
  • Step 510 The mobility management network element receives the updated PDP context response message sent by the data gateway.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel, when the characteristics of the user terminal are full. And sending, by the data gateway, an update packet data protocol PDP context request message, where the data gateway is configured to update the user plane IP address of the RNC included in the PDP context request message and the downlink allocated by the RNC.
  • the link user plane tunnel endpoint identifies a direct tunnel that establishes a downlink between the radio access network and the data gateway, and an update PDP context response message sent to the mobility management network element.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides another method for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the application scenario is that a direct tunnel is established in a process of initiating a PDP activation process by a user terminal in a GPRS network or an EPS network.
  • the access network is a 3GPP access of the UTRAN, corresponding to the RNS, the mobile management network element may be an SGSN, the serving gateway may be an SGW, and the data gateway may be a PGW.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to a PDP context activation process of a user terminal initiated by a user terminal, and may also be applied to a PDP context activation process of a secondary user terminal initiated by a user terminal, and the present invention is initiated by a user terminal.
  • a PDP context activation process of a user terminal is described in detail as an example.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 601 The user terminal initiates a PDP context activation process of the user terminal, and sends an activation PDP context request message to the mobility management network element.
  • Step 602 The mobility management network element sends a setup session request to the serving gateway.
  • Step 603 The serving gateway receives the setup session request sent by the mobility management network element, forwards the setup session request to the data gateway, and after receiving the response of the data gateway, replies to the mobility management network element. Session response.
  • the establishing session response includes a user plane IP address of the serving gateway and an uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the serving gateway, to establish an uplink direct tunnel;
  • Step 604 The mobility management network element sends a radio access bearer assignment request to the radio access network, where the radio access bearer assignment request includes a user plane IP address of the serving gateway and the service network.
  • the assigned uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier is a radio access bearer assignment request to the radio access network.
  • Step 605 The radio access network returns a radio access bearer assignment response message to the mobility management network element, where the radio access bearer assignment response message includes a user plane IP address of the radio network controller RNC and the RNC allocation.
  • the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier is included in Step 605.
  • Step 604 and step 605 are the same as the process of obtaining the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, which is the same as the implementation process of step 305 and step 306 in the foregoing embodiment. Steps 305 and 306 in the example are not described here.
  • Step 606 The mobility management network element replies to the user terminal with an activated PDP context response message.
  • Step 607 The mobility management network element determines whether the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • the mobility management network element determines that the characteristics of the user terminal do not meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition
  • the direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the serving gateway is not established for the user, so as to reduce the number of messages to be processed.
  • the number of messages is used to reduce the signaling load of the serving gateway.
  • Step 608 When it is determined that the feature of the user terminal meets the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, the mobility management network element sends a change bearer request message to the serving gateway, so as to establish a downlink between the radio access network and the serving gateway.
  • the direct tunneling request, the change bearer request message includes the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC.
  • step 608 is the same as the execution of step 308 in the above embodiment. For details, see the steps.
  • condition for sending the request message to the serving gateway described in step 608 of the present invention may be when one of the characteristics of the user terminal, any two combinations, or any combination of two or more satisfies the preset direct tunnel establishment condition.
  • set a preset direct tunnel establishment condition according to the specific application scenario.
  • Step 609 The serving gateway replies to the mobility management network element to change a bearer response message, where the change bearer response message is used to confirm the user plane IP address and the RNC allocation according to the RNC.
  • the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier successfully establishes a direct tunnel.
  • step 609 is the same as the execution of step 309 in the above embodiment. For details, see the steps.
  • the serving gateway establishes a direct tunnel of the downlink between the gateway and the radio access network according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC, and the PDP context corresponding to the user terminal
  • the downlink service data packet is sent by the direct tunnel to the wireless access network through the service gateway.
  • Step 610 The mobility management network element receives the change bearer response message sent by the serving gateway.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the change bearer request message is sent to the serving gateway, and the serving gateway changes the RNC included in the bearer request message according to the method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for establishing a direct tunnel, and the device may be a mobile management network element. As shown in FIG. 7, the device includes: a sending unit 701. The receiving unit 702 determines the unit 703.
  • the sending unit 701 is configured to send a radio access bearer assignment request to the radio access network, so as to establish a direct tunnel of the uplink between the radio access network and the gateway, where the radio access bearer assignment request includes a gateway. a user plane internet protocol IP address and an uplink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier assigned by the gateway;
  • the gateway includes a data gateway or a service gateway
  • the receiving unit 702 is configured to receive a radio access bearer assignment response sent by the radio access network, where The radio access bearer assignment response is used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the uplink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established; the radio access bearer assignment response includes a user of the radio network controller RNC a network internet protocol IP address and a downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC;
  • a determining unit 703 configured to determine that a characteristic of the user terminal meets a preset direct tunnel establishment condition; the characteristic of the user terminal includes at least one of a signaling characteristic of the user terminal and a service attribute of the user terminal;
  • the signaling characteristics of the user terminal include at least one of a frequency of the connection of the user terminal in the connected state and the idle state, and a type of the user terminal;
  • the service attribute of the user terminal includes a PDP context or bearer of the user terminal.
  • the duration of the service corresponding to the context, the type of the service, the PDP context of the user terminal or the duration of the downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, the number of packets of the downlink data packet, and the downlink data packet At least one of a traffic and a time interval between the downstream packets.
  • the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the mobility management network element; or the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is configured on the operation and maintenance network element or the parameter sending network element, and is sent to The mobility management network element.
  • the sending unit 701 sends a request message to the gateway, where the request message is used to establish a downlink between the radio access network and the gateway, and the preset direct tunnel establishment condition is met according to the determined characteristic of the user terminal.
  • Direct tunnel
  • the receiving unit 702 is configured to receive a response message sent by the gateway, where the response message is used to confirm that a direct tunnel of the downlink between the radio access network and the gateway is successfully established.
  • the determining unit 703 includes: a first statistic module 7031 and a first determining module 7032;
  • the first statistic module 7031 in the determining unit 703 is configured to count the frequency of the connection between the user terminal in the connected state and the idle state; the first determining module 7032 in the determining unit 703 is configured to determine that the frequency is Within the preset frequency range.
  • the determining unit 703 is specifically configured to determine that the type of the user terminal is within a preset type range. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the determining unit 703 includes: a second statistic module 7033 and a second determining module 7034;
  • the function of the determining unit in the dotted line in FIG. 7 may be completed by the first statistic module 7031 and the first determining module 7032, or may be completed by the second statistic module 7033 and the second determining module 7034.
  • the second statistic module 7033 in the determining unit 703 is configured to collect the received PDP context of the user terminal or the duration of the service corresponding to the bearer context, and the second determining module 7034 in the determining unit 703 uses Determining that the duration is within a preset duration; or
  • the second statistic module 7033 is configured to collect a PDP context of the user terminal or a number of packets of a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the second determining module 7034 is configured to determine that the number of packets is preset. Within the number of packages; or,
  • the second statistic module 7033 is configured to collect the PDP context of the user terminal or the traffic of the downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the second determining module 7034 is configured to determine that the traffic is in a preset traffic range.
  • the second statistic module 7033 is configured to collect a time interval between a PDP context of the user terminal or a downlink data packet corresponding to the bearer context, where the second determining module 7034 is configured to determine that the time interval is Within the preset time interval.
  • the determining unit 703 is specifically configured to determine that the type of the service corresponding to the PDP context or the bearer context of the user terminal is a preset service type.
  • the sending unit 701 sends an update PDP context request message to the data gateway, where the update PDP context request message includes the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink allocated by the RNC User plane tunnel endpoint identifier;
  • the sending unit 701 sends a change bearer request message to the serving gateway, where the change bearer request message includes the user plane IP address of the RNC and the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC. ;
  • the data gateway or the serving gateway according to the user plane IP address of the RNC and the RNC allocation
  • the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier establishes a direct tunnel between the gateway and the radio access network, and the downlink service data packet corresponding to the PDP context or bearer context of the user terminal is directly tunneled, and is sent to the wireless through the data gateway service gateway. Access Network.
  • the receiving unit 702 receives the data gateway to send an update PDP context response message
  • the receiving unit 702 receives the serving gateway to send a change bearer response message.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for establishing a direct tunnel.
  • the sending unit sends a request message to the gateway by determining that the characteristics of the user terminal meet the preset direct tunnel establishment condition, and the gateway according to the user plane IP address of the RNC included in the request message.
  • the downlink user plane tunnel endpoint identifier allocated by the RNC establishes a direct tunnel of a downlink between the radio access network and the gateway, and sends a response message to the mobility management network element.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the number of signaling messages that need to be processed on the GGSN or the SGW by reducing the direct tunnel for the user terminal that frequently switches between the connected state and the idle state according to the characteristics of the user terminal. , reduce the signaling load on the GGSN or SGW, while ensuring the delay requirements of some services.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种直接隧道建立的方法及装置，涉及通信网络技术领域，可以减少GGSN或SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量，降低GGSN或SGW上的信令负荷。本发明实施例通过移动管理网元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件；向网关发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于建立无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道；接收所述网关发送的响应消息，所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。本发明实施例提供的方案适合于建立直接隧道时采用。

Description

一种建立直接隧道的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域， 尤其涉及一种建立直接隧道的方法及装置。 背景技术
GTP ( Genera l Packet Radio Service Tunnel ing Protocol , 通用无线 分组业务隧道协议）是一种广泛应用于 GPRS网络的网元之间的通讯协议， 例 如应用于 SGSN ( Serving GPRS Suppor t Node , GPRS 服务支撑节点）， GGSN ( Gateway GPRS Suppor t Node, GPRS网关支撑节点 )之间， GTP将继续在 EPS ( Evolved Packet Sys tem, 演进的分组交换网络） 中使用。 GTP用于转发信 令消息和业务数据包， 应用 GTP协议的网元通过 IP地址， UDP ( User Data Protoco l , 用户数据报协议）端口号和 TEID ( Tunnel Endpoint Ident if ier , 隧道端点标识 )标识一条 GTP隧道。
直接隧道是 GPRS网络内用户面隧道模式之一，也可以应用于 EPS网络内。 由 RNC( Radio Network Control ler ,无线网络控制器）和 GGSN或 SGW( Serving Gateway, 服务网关） ，在 EPS 网络内应用 SGW直接建立用户面隧道， 上下行 的用户面数据包在 RNC和 GGSN (或 SGW ) 间直接转发， 不需要经过 SGSN。 用 户终端空闲时， 在直接隧道模式下， SGSN通过信令消息更新 GGSN (或 SGW ) 上的用户面隧道， 建立 SGSN和 GGSN (或 SGW )之间的用户面隧道， 当空闲态 的用户终端的下行数据包通过相应的用户面隧道转发到 SGSN时， SGSN发起寻 呼流程， 触发用户终端发起服务请求流程， 以建立用户终端和网络的信令连 接和无线承载， 将用户终端转为连接态。 在服务请求流程中， 如果 SGSN决定 建立直接隧道， SGSN分别与 RNC和 GGSN (或 SGW ) 交互信令消息， 交换 RNC 和 GGSN (或 SGW ) 的隧道端点标识， 建立起 RNC和 GGSN (或 SGW ) 的直接隧 道。 另外， 服务请求流程也可以由用户终端主动发起。 直接隧道的机制可以 减少用户面数据包转发时的路径跳数， 降低业务时延。 然而， 由于一些业务或者终端的特性导致 SGSN为了建立直接隧道或者取 消直接隧道， 频繁的发送信令消息给 GGSN或 SGW, 导致 GGSN或 SGW上需要处 理的信令消息的数量增加， 加剧了 GGSN或 SGW上的信令负荷。 发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法及装置， 可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的信令负荷。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案：
一种建立直接隧道的方法， 包括：
移动管理网元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立无线接入网与所述网关之 间的下行链路的直接隧道；
接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述 无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
一种建立直接隧道的装置， 包括：
确定单元， 用于确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 发送单元， 用于向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立无线接入 网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道；
接收单元， 用于接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认 成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法及装置， 通过确定用户终端 的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用 于建立无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道； 接收所述网关发 送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网 关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。 与采用现有技术建立直接隧道时， 将频繁的 发送信令消息给 GGSN或 SGW,导致 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量 增加， 加剧了 GGSN或 SGW上的信令负荷相比， 本发明实施例提供的方案可以 减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的信令 负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延要求。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案， 下面将对实 施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面 描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例 1提供的一种建立直接隧道的方法的流程图； 图 2为本发明实施例 1提供的一种建立直接隧道的装置的框图； 图 3为本发明实施例 2提供的在 GPRS网络中建立直接隧道的方法的流程 图；
图 4为本发明实施例 2提供的在 EPS网络中建立直接隧道的方法的流程 图；
图 5为本发明实施例 2提供的另一种在 GPRS网络中建立直接隧道的方法 的流程图；
图 6为本发明实施例 2提供的另一种在 EPS网络中建立直接隧道的方法 的流程图；
图 7为本发明实施例 2提供的一种建立直接隧道的装置的框图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而 不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作 出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例 , 都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例 1
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 如图 1 所示， 该方法包括 以下步骤：
步骤 1 01 , 移动管理网元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条 件。
所述用户终端的特性包括所述用户终端的信令特性和所述用户终端的业 务属性中的至少一个； 其中， 所述用户终端的信令特性包括所述用户终端在 连接态和空闲态转换的频率和所述用户终端的类型中的至少一个； 所述用户 终端的业务属性包括所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业务的 持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应的下行 数据包的持续时间、 所述下行数据包的包数、 所述下行数据包的流量和所述 下行数据包之间的时间间隔中的至少一个。
可选的， 统计所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率； 移动管理网 元确定所述频率在预设频率范围内； 或者，
移动管理网元确定所述用户终端的类型在预设的类型范围内； 或者， 移动管理网元统计接收到的所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对 应的业务的持续时间， 所述持续时间在预设的持续时间范围内； 或者，
移动管理网元统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应的 下行数据包的包数， 所述包数在预设包数范围内； 或者，
移动管理网元统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应的 下行数据包的流量， 所述流量在预设流量范围内； 或者，
移动管理网元统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应的 下行数据包之间的时间间隔， 所述时间间隔在预设时间间隔范围内； 或者， 移动管理网元确定所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业务 的类型为预设的业务类型。
步骤 1 02 , 向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立无线接入网与所 述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
可选的， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在所述移动管理网元上； 或者， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上并下发 到移动管理网元。 参数下发网元可以为策略和计费规则功能网元、 数据网关 等网元。 所述网关可以为数据网关， 也可以为服务网关。
步骤 103 ,接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建 立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
所述网关根据接收到的请求消息中携带的 RNC 的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识建立直接隧道，然后向所述移动 管理网元发送响应消息， 以便用户终端的 PDP上下文或者承载上下文对应的 下行业务数据包可以由建立的直接隧道， 通过数据网关或者服务网关发往无 线接入网。
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 通过确定用户终端的特性 满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立 无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道； 接收所述网关发送的响 应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间 的下行链路的直接隧道。 本发明实施例通过根据用户终端的特性， 减少为频 繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的用户终端建立下行链路的直接隧道， 从而 可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的 信令负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延要求。
本发明实施例提供一种直接隧道建立的装置， 所述装置可以为移动管理 网元，如图 2所示，该装置包括：确定单元 201 ,发送单元 202 ,接收单元 203; 确定单元 201 , 用于确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件。 所述用户终端的特性包括所述用户终端的信令特性和所述用户终端的业 务属性中的至少一个； 其中， 所述用户终端的信令特性包括所述用户终端在 连接态和空闲态转换的频率和所述用户终端的类型中的至少一个； 所述用户 终端的业务属性包括所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业务的 持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应的下行 数据包的持续时间、 所述下行数据包的包数、 所述下行数据包的流量和所述 下行数据包之间的时间间隔中的至少一个；
进一步地， 所述确定单元中的第一统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端在 连接态和空闲态转换的频率； 第一确定模块， 用于确定所述频率在预设频率 范围内。
进一步地， 所述确定单元具体用于， 确定所述用户终端的类型在预设的 类型范围内。
进一步地， 所述确定单元中的第二统计模块， 用于统计接收到的所述用 户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业务的持续时间， 第二确定模块， 用于确定所述持续时间在预设的持续时间范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上 下文对应的下行数据包的包数， 所述第二确定模块， 用于确定所述包数在预 设包数范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上 下文对应的下行数据包的流量， 所述第二确定模块， 用于所述流量在预设流 量范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上 下文对应的下行数据包之间的时间间隔， 所述第二确定模块， 用于所述时间 间隔在预设时间间隔范围内。
进一步地， 所述确定单元具体用于确定所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承 载上下文对应的业务的类型为预设的业务类型。
需要说明的是， 确定单元的功能可以由第一统计模块和第一确定模块完 成， 也可以由第二统计模块和第二确定模块完成。
发送单元 202 , 用于向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立无线接 入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
可选的， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在移动管理网元上； 或者， 所 述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上并下发到 所述移动管理网元。
接收单元 203 , 用于接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确 认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。 本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的装置， 通过确定单元确定用户终 端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 发送单元向网关发送请求消息， 所述 请求消息用于建立无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道； 接收 单元接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述 无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。 本发明实施例通过根据 用户终端的特性， 减少为频繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的用户终端建立 下行链路的直接隧道， 从而可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数 量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的信令负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延要求。
实施例 2
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 其应用场景为， 在 GPRS网 络或者 EPS 网络中， 由移动管理网元对空闲态的用户终端发起寻呼流程， 触 发用户终端发起服务请求流程， 或者用户终端主动发起服务请求流程过程中 建立直接隧道。
其中，在 GPRS网络中，无线接入网为 UTRAN( Universa l Terres tr ia l Radio Acces s Network , 通用陆地无线接入网络） 的 3GPP ( 3rd Generat ion Par tner ship Pro ject ,第三代合作伙伴计划）接入，对应为 RNS( Radio Network Subsys tem, 无线网络子系统）， 移动管理网元为 SGSN, 数据网关为 GGSN。
如图 3所示， 该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 301 , 移动管理网元接收数据网关发送的下行用户面数据包， 获知所 述用户面数据包对应的用户终端的状态。
移动管理网元通过接收到的下行用户面数据包对应的用户上下文获知用 户终端的状态， 如果所述用户上下文中没有下行链路的用户面信息， 则说明 用户终端处于空闲状态， 如果所述用户上下文中有下行链路的用户面信息， 则说明用户终端处于连接态。 所述下行链路的用户面信息为 RNC 分配的 PDP 上下文的用户面 IP地址和隧道端点标识。
步骤 302 , 当所述用户终端处于空闲态时， 移动管理网元对所述用户终端 发起寻呼流程， 并向所述用户终端发送寻呼消息。 需要说明的是， 当用户终端有用户面数据包需要发送时， 用户终端也可 以主动发起服务请求流程， 这种情况下， 则不执行步骤 301和步骤 302 , 即不 发起寻呼流程， 直接执行与无线接入网建立连接及其之后的操作。
步骤 303 ,所述用户终端监测到所述寻呼消息后，与无线接入网建立连接。 当用户终端监测到所述寻呼消息后， 用户终端通过无线资源连接建立过 程恢复和网络之间的信令连接。
步骤 304 , 所述用户终端给所述移动管理网元发送服务请求消息。
当用户终端与无线接入网建立连接后， 向移动管理网元发送服务请求消 息， 所述服务请求消息中携带用户终端的用户标识， 以便移动管理网元建立 用户终端的承载。
可选的， 移动管理网元可能执行安全功能， 对用户终端完成鉴权， 获取 HLR ( Home Loca t ion Reg i s ter , 家乡位置寄存器）上的安全向量， 以便为控 制面的信令消息进行加密。 HLR负责归属地用户签约信息的管理和维护。
步骤 305 ,所述移动管理网元给所述无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请 求， 以便建立所述无线接入网和所述数据网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道， 所述无线接入承载指派请求包含数据网关的用户面 IP地址和所述数据网关分 配的所述 PDP上下文的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
需要说明的是， 当移动管理网元决定为下行数据包对应的 PDP上下文建 立直接隧道时， 在发送给无线接入网的无线接入承载指派请求中携带数据网 端点标识。 这样， 用户终端的该 PDP上下文对应的上行数据包由直接隧道， 通过无线接入网发送给数据网关。 下行数据包由间接隧道， 通过数据网关发 送给移动管理网元， 再转发给无线接入网。
间接隧道也可以称为两段隧道模式， 例如在 GPRS网络中， 同一 PDP上下 文对应的隧道分为两段， GGSN和 SGSN之间建立用户面隧道， SGSN和 RNC之 间建立用户面隧道。直接隧道也可以称为一段隧道模式，例如在 GPRS网络中， 同一 PDP上下文对应的隧道为一段， 由 RNC和 GGSN直接建立用户面隧道。 直 接隧道模式可以提高用户面数据包的转发效率， 减少业务时延， 提升用户终 端的业务体验， 现有技术中， 如果移动管理网元决定为用户终端的该 PDP上 下文建立直接隧道， 采用的是上下行链路都使用直接隧道。
所述 PDP上下文的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识是由所述数据网关分配 给所述无线接入网的， 可选的， 在用户终端由连接态转为空闲态时， 移动管 理网元中保存有之前数据网关通过 PDP激活流程或者更新 PDP上下文等操作 的信令消息发送的 PDP上下文的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
步骤 306 ,所述无线接入网给所述移动管理网元回复无线接入承载指派响 应消息， 所述无线接入承载指派响应用于确认成功建立所述无线接入网与所 述网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道。
无线接入网接收到移动管理网元发送的无线接入承载指派请求后， 向用 户终端发送无线承载建立请求， 用户终端向无线接入网回复无线承载建立完 成消息， 无线接入网接收到无线承载建立完成消息后， 向移动管理网元发送 无线接入 7|载指派响应消息。
需要说明的是，所述无线接入承载指派响应消息包含无线网络控制器 RNC 的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路用户面隧道端点标识； 在无线接 入承载指派响应消息中携带 RNC的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路 用户面隧道端点标识， 用以建立无线接入网和数据网关之间的下行链路的直 接隧道。
其中， RNS为无线网络子系统， 负责控制所述各小区的资源， 每个 RNS包 括一个 RNC ( Rad io Network Cont ro l ler , 无线网络控制器）和一个或者多个 Node B0 RNC是 RNS的控制部分， 负责各种接口的管理， 承担无线资源和无线 参数的管理。 主要功能包括： 系统信息广播与接入控制功能、 切换和 RNC迁 移等移动性管理功能、 宏分集合并、 功率控制、 无线承载分配等资源管理功 能。 Node B受 RNC控制， 服务于某个小区的无线收发信设备， 完成 RNC与无 线信道之间的转换， 实现 Node B与移动台之间通过空中接口的无线传输及相 关的控制功能。 步骤 307 ,所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性是否满足预设直接隧道 建立条件。
当所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性不满足预设直接隧道建立条 件， 则不为此用户终端建立无线接入网和数据网关之间下行链路的直接隧道， 以减少需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低数据网关的信令负荷； 当所述移动 管理网元判断用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 则执行步骤 308。
步骤 308 , 当确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 所述移 动管理网元向数据网关发送更新分组数据协议 PDP上下文请求消息， 所述更 新 PDP上下文请求消息包括 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述 下行链路用户面隧道端点标识， 所述更新 PDP上下文请求消息用于建立无线 接入网与所述数据网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
可选的， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在所述移动管理网元上； 或者， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上并下发 到所述移动管理网元。 其中参数下发网元可以为策略和计费规则网元、 数据 网关等网元。
可选的， 移动管理网元根据用户终端的特性决定为所述用户终端的 PDP 上下文建立下行链路的直接隧道。 所述用户终端的特性包括所述用户终端的 信令特性和所述用户终端的业务属性中的至少一个； 其中， 所述用户终端的 信令特性包括所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率和所述用户终端的 类型中的至少一个， 所述用户终端的业务属性包括所述用户终端的 PDP上下 文的业务的持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述 PDP上下文对应的下行数据包 的持续时间、 所述下行数据包的包数、 所述下行数据包的流量和所述下行数 据包之间的时间间隔中的至少一个。
例如： 当预设直接隧道建立条件为预设状态转换频率阈值范围时， 移动 管理网元统计用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率， 当统计的所述状态转 换频率确定在所述预设状态转换频率阈值范围内时， 向网关发送更新分组数 据协议 PDP上下文请求消息， 建立无线接入网和网关之间的下行链路的直接 隧道；
可选的， 移动管理网元可以通过统计 Iu接口释放流程和服务请求流程的 发生频率来统计用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率。其中， Iu接口为 RNC 和 SGSN之间的连接接口。 当执行 Iu接口译放流程时， 用户终端转为空闲态， 当执行服务请求流程时， 用户终端转为连接态。 当所述频率满足预设频率阈 值范围时， 例如用户终端在 5分钟内状态转换小于 2次， 用户终端在 3小时 内状态转换不大于 5 次等， 移动管理网元建立无线接入网和数据网关间的下 行链路的直接隧道。
例如： 当预设直接隧道建立条件为预设用户终端的类型时， 移动管理网 元确定所述用户终端的类型在预设的类型范围内， 并向网关发送更新 PDP上 下文请求消息， 建立无线接入网和网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道；
可选的， 移动管理网元可以通过接收到的其他网元发送的信令消息中包 含的信息获知用户终端的类型。 例如， 通过接收到的无线接入网、 数据网关、 服务网关等网元发送的信令消息中包含的如国际移动设备身份码 ( Interna t iona l Mobi le Equipment Ident i ty, 丽1 )、 用户终端类型指示 等信息获知用户终端的类型。 例如， 当预设用户终端的类型为特性手机时， 如果用户终端的类型为特性手机， 则移动管理网元建立无线接入网和数据网 关间的下行链路的直接隧道； 如果用户终端的类型为智能手机时， 则移动管 理网元不建立无线接入网和数据网关或者服务网关间的下行链路的直接隧 道。 智能手机具有快速休眠， 平台、 业务心跳， 以及推送机制等特性， 这些 特性都会导致智能手机频繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换。 移动管理网元不 为智能手机建立无线接入网和数据网关或者服务网关间的下行链路的直接隧 道可以减少数据网关或者服务网关上需要处理的信令消息。
例如， 当所述预设直接隧道建立条件为业务的预设持续时间阈值时， 移 动管理网元统计接收到的所述用户终端的 PDP上下文对应的业务的持续时间， 所述持续时间在预设的持续时间范围内。 例如， 当该业务的持续时间大于 3s , 或者该业务的持续时间大于 2s等， 移动管理网元建立无线接入网和数据网关 间的下行链路的直接隧道。 在业务持续时， 用户终端会一直保持连接态， 业 务持续时间越长， 建立直接隧道越有益， 可以为该业务持续时相关的用户面 转发减少转发路径跳数， 减低转发时延。
例如， 当所述预设直接隧道建立条件为预设业务类型时， 移动管理网元 确定所述用户终端的 PDP上下文对应的业务的类型为预设的业务类型， 向数 据网关发送更新 PDP上下文请求消息， 建立无线接入网和数据网关间的下行 链路的直接隧道。
可选的， 移动管理网元可以通过深度包解析获知下行数据包对应的业务 类型， 也可以通过下行数据包的 IP头部的差分服务码点或流标签， 或者 GTP 头部的扩展头获知所述下行数据包的业务类型， 也可以通过由数据网关或者 服务网关发送的信令消息获知所述下行数据包的业务类型。 例如， 预设业务 类型为话音业务或者视频业务时， 如果该下行数据包的业务类型为话音业务 时或者该下行数据包的业务类型为视频业务时， 移动管理网元建立无线接入 网和数据网关间的下行链路的直接隧道。 如果该下行数据包的业务类型为即 时通信业务时， 移动管理网元不建立无线接入网和数据网关间的下行链路的 直接隧道。 不同的业务对于时延的要求可能不相同， 有的业务时延比较敏感， 而有的业务可以容忍较长时延。 为时延要求高的业务建立直接隧道可以发挥 直接隧道的优势， 降低业务时延。
例如， 当所述预设直接隧道建立条件为下行数据包预设持续时间阈值时， 移动管理网元统计当前 PDP上下文对应的下行数据包的持续时间， 例如当该 下行数据包的持续时间大于 I s , 或者该下行数据包的持续时间不小于 700ms 等， 移动管理网元建立无线接入网和数据网关间的下行链路的直接隧道。 下 行数据包持续时间越长， 建立直接隧道越有益， 可以为该 PDP上下文对应的 下行数据包的用户面转发减少转发路径跳数， 减低转发时延。
例如， 当所述预设直接隧道建立条件为下行数据包预设包数时， 移动管 理网元统计用户终端的 PDP上下文对应的下行数据包的包数， 所述包数在预 设包数范围内； 例如当该下行数据包的包数不小于 10个时， 移动管理网元建 立无线接入网和数据网关间的下行链路的直接隧道。 下行数据包持续时间越 长， 建立直接隧道越有益， 可以为后续下行数据包的用户面转发减少转发路 径跳数， 减低转发时延。
例如， 当所述预设直接隧道建立条件为下行数据包预设流量时， 移动管 理网元统计用户终端的 PDP上下文对应的下行数据包的流量， 所述流量在预 设流量范围内； 例如当该下行数据包的流量大于 1M, 或者该下行数据包的流 量不小于 300K时， 移动管理网元建立无线接入网和数据网关间的下行链路的 直接隧道。 下行数据包流量越大， 建立直接隧道越有益， 可以为该 PDP上下 文对应的下行数据包的用户面转发减少转发路径跳数， 减低转发时延。
例如， 当所述预设直接隧道建立条件为下行数据包之间预设时间间隔时 , 移动管理网元统计 PDP上下文对应的下行数据包之间的时间间隔， 所述时间 间隔在预设时间间隔范围内； 例如当数据包之间的时间间隔不大于 2s , 或数 据包之间的时间间隔小于 3s时， 移动管理网元建立无线接入网和数据网关间 的下行链路的直接隧道。 下行数据包之间的时间间隔越长， 移动管理网元越 有可能在连接态和空闲态之间切换， 越不适宜建立直接隧道。
需要说明的是， 本发明步骤 308 中描述的向数据网关发送请求消息的条 件， 可以当用户终端的特性中的一个、 任意两个组合、 两个以上的任意组合 满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 向数据网关发送请求消息， 可选的， 根据具 体的应用场景设置预设直接隧道建立条件。
步骤 309 ,所述数据网关回复所述移动管理网元更新 PDP上下文响应消息， 所述更新 PDP上下文响应消息用于确认根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC 分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识成功建立直接隧道。
数据网关根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户 面隧道端点标识建立了网关与无线接入网之间的直接隧道，用户终端的该 PDP 上下文对应的下行业务数据包由直接隧道， 通过数据网关发往无线接入网。
步骤 310,所述移动管理网元接收所述数据网关发送的所述更新 PDP上下 文响应消息。 本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 通过确定用户终端的特性 满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 向数据网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于 建立无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道； 接收所述数据网关 发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述 数据网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。 本发明实施例通过根据用户终端的特 性， 减少为频繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的用户终端建立下行链路的直 接隧道，从而可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN 或 SGW上的信令负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延要求。
本发明实施例提供另一种建立直接隧道的方法， 其应用场景为， 在 EPS 网络中， 由移动管理网元对空闲态的用户终端发起服务请求流程， 或者用户 终端主动发起服务请求流程过程中建立直接隧道。 其中， 在 EPS 网络中， 接 入网为 UTRAN的 3GPP接入， 对应为 RNS , 移动管理网元可以为 SGSN , 服务网 关可以为 SGW, 数据网关可以为 PGW ( Packe t Da ta Ne twork Ga teway , 分组 数据网络网关）。
如图 4所示， 该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 401 , 移动管理网元接收服务网关发送的下行用户面数据包， 获知所 述用户面数据包对应的用户终端的状态。
移动管理网元通过接收到的下行用户面数据包对应的用户上下文获知用 户终端的状态， 如果所述用户上下文中没有下行链路的用户面信息， 则说明 用户终端处于空闲状态， 如果所述用户上下文中有下行链路的用户面信息， 则说明用户终端处于连接态。 所述下行链路的用户面信息为 RNC 分配的 PDP 上下文 /承载上下文的用户面 IP地址和隧道端点标识。
步骤 402 , 当所述用户终端处于空闲态时， 移动管理网元对所述用户终端 发起寻呼流程， 并向所述用户终端发送寻呼消息。
需要说明的是， 当用户终端有用户面数据包需要发送时， 用户终端也可 以主动发起服务请求流程， 这种情况下， 则不执行步骤 401和步骤 402 , 即不 发起寻呼流程， 直接执行与无线接入网建立连接及其之后的操作。 步骤 403 ,所述用户终端监测到所述寻呼消息后，与无线接入网建立连接。 步骤 404 , 所述用户终端给所述移动管理网元发送服务请求消息。
当用户终端与无线接入网建立连接后， 向移动管理网元发送服务请求消 息， 所述服务请求消息中携带用户终端的用户标识， 以便移动管理网元建立 用户终端的承载。
可选的， 移动管理网元可能执行安全功能， 对用户终端完成鉴权， 获取 HSS ( Home Subscr iber Server , 家乡位置寄存器）上的安全向量， 以便为控 制面的信令消息进行加密。 HSS负责归属地用户签约信息的管理和维护。
步骤 405 ,所述移动管理网元给所述无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请 求， 以便建立所述无线接入网和所述服务网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道， 所述无线接入承载指派请求包含服务网关的用户面 IP地址和所述服务网关分 配的承载的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
需要说明的是， 当移动管理网元决定为下行数据包对应的承载建立直接 隧道时， 在发送给无线接入网的无线接入承载指派请求中携带服务网关的用 户面 I P地址和服务网关分配的该承载的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识。这样， 用户终端的该承载上下文对应的上行数据包由直接隧道， 通过无线接入网发 送给服务网关。 下行数据包由间接隧道， 通过服务网关发送给移动管理网元， 再转发给无线接入网。
步骤 406 ,所述无线接入网给所述移动管理网元回复无线接入承载指派响 应消息， 所述无线接入承载指派响应用于确认成功建立所述无线接入网与所 述服务网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道。
需要说明的是，所述无线接入承载指派响应消息包含无线网络控制器 RNC 的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路用户面隧道端点标识； 在无线接 入承载指派响应消息中携带 RNC的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路 用户面隧道端点标识， 用以建立无线接入网和服务网关之间的下行链路的直 接隧道。
步骤 407 ,所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性是否满足预设直接隧道 建立条件。
当所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性不满足预设直接隧道建立条 件， 则不为此用户终端建立无线接入网和服务网关之间的下行链路的直接隧 道， 以减少需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低服务网关的信令负荷； 当所述 移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 则执行步骤
408。
步骤 408 , 当确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 所述移 动管理网元向服务网关发送更改承载请求消息， 所述更改承载请求消息包括 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标 识， 所述更改承载请求消息用于建立无线接入网与所述服务网关之间的下行 链路的直接隧道。
可选的， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在移动管理网元上； 或者， 所 述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上并下发到 所述移动管理网元， 其中参数下发网元可以为策略和计费规则网元、 数据网 关等网元。
可选的， 移动管理网元根据用户终端的特性决定为所述承载上下文建立 下行链路的直接隧道。 所述用户终端的特性包括所述用户终端的信令特性和 所述用户终端的业务属性中的至少一个； 其中， 所述用户终端的信令特性包 括所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率和所述用户终端的类型中的至 少一个， 所述用户终端的业务属性包括所述承载上下文的业务的持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述承载上下文对应的下行数据包的持续时间、 所述下行 数据包的包数、 所述下行数据包的流量和所述下行数据包之间的时间间隔中 的至少一个。
判断用户终端的特性是否满足预设直接隧道建立条件的操作与附图 3对 应的实施例中步骤 308的操作过程相同，只是 GPRS网络中的 PDP上下文在 EPS 网络中为承载上下文。 因此， 在此步骤中不——贅述。
需要说明的是， 本发明步骤 408 中， 可以当用户终端的特性中的一个、 任意两个组合、 两个以上的任意组合满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 向服务 网关发送请求消息， 可选的， 根据具体的应用场景设置预设直接隧道建立条 件。
步骤 409 , 所述服务网关回复所述移动管理网元更改承载上下文响应消 息， 所述更改承载上下文响应消息用于确认根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识成功建立直接隧道。
服务网关根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户 面隧道端点标识建立了服务网关与无线接入网之间的直接隧道， 用户终端的 该承载上下文对应的下行业务数据包由直接隧道， 通过服务网关发往无线接 入网。
步骤 410,所述移动管理网元接收所述服务网关发送的所述更改承载上下 文响应消息。
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 通过确定用户终端的特性 满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 向服务网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于 建立无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道； 接收所述服务网关 发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述 服务网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。 本发明实施例通过根据用户终端的特 性， 减少为频繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的用户终端建立下行链路的直 接隧道，从而可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN 或 SGW上的信令负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延要求。
本发明实施例提供另一种建立直接隧道的方法， 其应用场景为， 在 GPRS 网络或者 EPS网络中， 通过用户终端发起 PDP激活流程过程中建立直接隧道。 其中， 在 GPRS网络中， 接入网为 UTRAN的 3GPP接入， 对应为 RNS , 移动管理 网元为 SGSN, 数据网关为 GGSN。 另外， 本发明实施例提供的方案可以应用于 用户终端发起的一次用户终端的 PDP上下文激活流程， 也可以应用于用户终 端发起的二次 PDP上下文激活流程， 本发明以用户终端发起的一次用户终端 的 PDP上下文激活流程为例进行详细描述。 如图 5所示， 该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 501 , 用户终端发起一次用户终端的 PDP上下文激活流程， 向移动管 理网元发送激活 PDP上下文请求消息。
所述激活 PDP上下文请求消息包括 PDP激活类型、 PDP地址， APN ( Acces s Po int Name , 接入点）、 要求的 QoS ( Qua l i ty of Serv i ce , 服务质量）、 PDP 配置选项等。
步骤 502 ,所述移动管理网元接收所述用户终端发送的所述激活 PDP上下 文请求消息， 向数据网关发送建立 PDP上下文请求。
步骤 503 ,所述数据网关接收所述移动管理网元发送的建立 PDP上下文请 求向所述移动管理网元回复建立 PDP上下文响应。
如果数据网关可以满足 QoS ,则向所述移动管理网元回复建立 PDP上下文 响应， 如果不能满足 QoS , 则向所述移动管理网元回复拒绝建立 PDP上下文。
所述建立 PDP上下文响应中包括数据网关的用户面 IP地址和所述数据网 关分配的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识， 用以建立上行链路直接隧道。
步骤 504 ,所述移动管理网元给所述无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请 求， 所述无线接入承载指派请求包括数据网关的用户面 IP地址和所述数据网 关分配的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
步骤 505 ,所述无线接入网给所述移动管理网元回复无线接入承载指派响 应消息， 所述无线接入承载指派响应消息包括无线网络控制器 RNC 的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
步骤 504和步骤 505为获取 RNC的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行 链路用户面隧道端点标识的过程， 与上述实施例中步骤 305和步骤 306的执 行过程相同，具体可参见上述实施例中步骤 305和步骤 306 ,在此不——贅述。
步骤 506 ,所述移动管理网元向所述用户终端回复激活 PDP上下文响应消 息。
步骤 507 ,所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性是否满足预设直接隧道 建立条件。 当所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性不满足预设直接隧道建立条 件， 则不为此用户建立无线接入网和数据网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 以减少需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低数据网关的信令负荷； 当所述移动 管理网元判断用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 则执行步骤 508。
步骤 508 , 当确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 所述移 动管理网元向数据网关发送更新 PDP上下文请求消息， 以便建立无线接入网 与所述数据网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 所述更新 PDP上下文请求消息 包括 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端 点标识。
步骤 508的执行与上述实施例中步骤 308的执行相同， 具体可参见步骤
308。
需要说明的是， 本发明步骤 508 中描述的向数据网关发送请求消息的条 件， 可以当用户终端的特性中的一个、 任意两个组合、 两个以上的任意组合 满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 向数据网关发送请求消息， 可选的， 根据具 体的应用场景设置预设直接隧道建立条件。
步骤 509 ,所述数据网关回复所述移动管理网元更新 PDP上下文响应消息， 所述更新 PDP上下文响应消息用于确认根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC 分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识成功建立直接隧道。
步骤 509的执行与上述实施例中步骤 309的执行相同， 具体可参见步骤
309。
数据网关根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户 面隧道端点标识建立了网关与无线接入网之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 用户 终端的该 PDP上下文对应的下行业务数据包由直接隧道， 通过数据网关发往 无线接入网。
步骤 510,所述移动管理网元接收所述数据网关发送的所述更新 PDP上下 文响应消息。
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 通过当用户终端的特性满 足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 向数据网关发送更新分组数据协议 PDP上下文 请求消息， 数据网关根据更新 PDP上下文请求消息中包括的 RNC的所述用户 面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识建立无线接入 网与所述数据网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 并向移动管理网元发送的更 新 PDP上下文响应消息。 本发明实施例通过根据用户终端的特性， 减少为频 繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的用户终端建立下行链路的直接隧道， 从而 可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的 信令负荷。
本发明实施例提供另一种建立直接隧道的方法， 其应用场景为， 在 GPRS 网络或者 EPS网络中， 通过用户终端发起 PDP激活处理流程过程中建立直接 隧道。 其中， 在 EPS网络中， 接入网为 UTRAN的 3GPP接入， 对应为 RNS , 移 动管理网元可以为 SGSN, 服务网关可以为 SGW, 数据网关可以为 PGW。 另外， 本发明实施例提供的方案可以应用于用户终端发起的一次用户终端的 PDP上 下文激活流程， 也可以应用于用户终端发起的二次用户终端的 PDP上下文激 活流程， 本发明以用户终端发起的一次用户终端的 PDP上下文激活流程为例 进行详细描述。
如图 6所示， 该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 601 , 用户终端发起一次用户终端的 PDP上下文激活流程， 向移动管 理网元发送激活 PDP上下文请求消息。
步骤 602 , 所述移动管理网元向服务网关发送建立会话请求。
步骤 603 , 所述服务网关接收所述移动管理网元发送的建立会话请求， 将 所述建立会话请求转发给数据网关， 接收到所述数据网关的响应后， 向所述 移动管理网元回复建立会话响应。
所述建立会话响应中包括服务网关的用户面 IP地址和所述服务网关分配 的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识， 用以建立上行链路直接隧道；
步骤 604 ,所述移动管理网元给所述无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请 求， 所述无线接入承载指派请求包括服务网关的用户面 IP地址和所述服务网 关分配的上行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
步骤 605 ,所述无线接入网给所述移动管理网元回复无线接入承载指派响 应消息， 所述无线接入承载指派响应消息包括无线网络控制器 RNC 的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
步骤 604和步骤 605为获取 RNC的用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行 链路用户面隧道端点标识的过程， 与上述实施例中步骤 305和步骤 306的执 行过程相同，具体可参见上述实施例中步骤 305和步骤 306 ,在此不——贅述。
步骤 606 ,所述移动管理网元向所述用户终端回复激活 PDP上下文响应消 息。
步骤 607 ,所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性是否满足预设直接隧道 建立条件。
当所述移动管理网元判断用户终端的特性不满足预设直接隧道建立条 件， 则不为此用户建立无线接入网和服务网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 以减少需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低服务网关的信令负荷； 当所述移动 管理网元判断用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 则执行步骤 608。
步骤 608 , 当确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 所述移 动管理网元向服务网关发送更改承载请求消息， 以便建立无线接入网与所述 服务网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 所述更改承载请求消息包括 RNC 的所 述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识。
步骤 608的执行与上述实施例中步骤 308的执行相同， 具体可参见步骤
308。
需要说明的是， 本发明步骤 608 中描述的向服务网关发送请求消息的条 件， 可以当用户终端的特性中的一个、 任意两个组合、 两个以上的任意组合 满足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 向服务网关发送请求消息， 可选的， 根据具 体的应用场景设置预设直接隧道建立条件。
步骤 609 , 所述服务网关回复所述移动管理网元更改承载响应消息， 所述 更改承载响应消息用于确认根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述 下行链路用户面隧道端点标识成功建立直接隧道。
步骤 609的执行与上述实施例中步骤 309的执行相同， 具体可参见步骤
309。
服务网关根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户 面隧道端点标识建立了网关与无线接入网之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 用户 终端的该 PDP上下文对应的下行业务数据包由直接隧道， 通过服务网关发往 无线接入网。
步骤 610,所述移动管理网元接收所述服务网关发送的所述更改承载响应 消息。
本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的方法， 通过当用户终端的特性满 足预设直接隧道建立条件时， 向服务网关发送更改承载请求消息， 服务网关 根据更改承载请求消息中包括的 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的 所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识建立无线接入网与所述服务网关之间的下 行链路的直接隧道， 并向移动管理网元发送的更改承载响应消息。 本发明实 施例通过根据用户终端的特性， 减少为频繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的 用户终端建立下行链路的直接隧道， 从而可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的 信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的信令负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延 要求。
与本发明实施例提供的方法实施例相对应， 本发明实施例提供一种建立 直接隧道的装置， 所述装置可以为移动管理网元， 如图 7所示， 该装置包括： 发送单元 701 , 接收单元 702 , 确定单元 703。
发送单元 701 , 用于向无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请求， 以便建立 所述无线接入网和网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道， 所述无线接入承载指派 请求包括网关的用户面网际协议 IP地址和所述网关分配的上行链路用户面隧 道端点标识；
所述网关包括数据网关或者服务网关；
接收单元 702 , 用于接收所述无线接入网发送的无线接入承载指派响应， 所述无线接入承载指派响应用于确认成功建立所述无线接入网与所述网关之 间的上行链路的直接隧道； 所述无线接入承载指派响应中包括无线网络控制 器 RNC的用户面网际协议 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的下行链路用户面隧道端点 标识；
确定单元 703 , 用于确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 所述用户终端的特性包括所述用户终端的信令特性和所述用户终端的业 务属性中的至少一个； 其中， 所述用户终端的信令特性包括所述用户终端在 连接态和空闲态转换的频率和所述用户终端的类型中的至少一个； 所述用户 终端的业务属性包括所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业务的 持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文 对应的下行数据包的持续时间、 所述下行数据包的包数、 所述下行数据包的 流量和所述下行数据包之间的时间间隔中的至少一个。
可选的， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在所述移动管理网元上； 或者， 所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上， 并下 发到所述移动管理网元。
根据确定的用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 所述发送单元 701向网关发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于建立所述无线接入网与所述网关 之间的下行链路的直接隧道；
接收单元 702 , 用于接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确 认成功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
进一步地， 如图 7所示， 所述确定单元 703包括： 第一统计模块 7031和 第一确定模块 7032;
所述确定单元 703中的第一统计模块 7031 , 用于统计所述用户终端在连 接态和空闲态转换的频率； 所述确定单元 703中的第一确定模块 7032 , 用于 确定所述频率在预设频率范围内。
所述确定单元 703 具体用于， 确定所述用户终端的类型在预设的类型范 围内。 进一步地， 如图 7所示， 所述确定单元 703包括： 第二统计模块 7033和 第二确定模块 7034;
需要说明的是， 如图 7 中虚线表示确定单元的功能可以由第一统计模块 7031和第一确定模块 7032完成， 也可以由第二统计模块 7033和第二确定模 块 7034完成。
所述确定单元 703中的第二统计模块 7033 , 用于统计接收到的所述用户 终端的 PDP 上下文或承载上下文对应的业务的持续时间， 所述确定单元 703 中的第二确定模块 7034 , 用于确定所述持续时间在预设的持续时间范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块 7033 , 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承 载上下文对应的下行数据包的包数， 所述第二确定模块 7034 , 用于确定所述 包数在预设包数范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块 7033 , 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承 载上下文对应的下行数据包的流量， 所述第二确定模块 7034 , 用于确定所述 流量在预设流量范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块 7033 , 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承 载上下文对应的下行数据包之间的时间间隔， 所述第二确定模块 7034 , 用于 确定所述时间间隔在预设时间间隔范围内。
进一步地， 所述确定单元 703 , 具体用于确定所述用户终端的 PDP上下文 或承载上下文对应的业务的类型为预设的业务类型。
进一步地， 在 GPRS网络中， 所述发送单元 701向数据网关发送更新 PDP 上下文请求消息， 所述更新 PDP上下文请求消息包括 RNC的所述用户面 IP地 址和所述 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户面隧道端点标识；
在 EPS网络中， 所述发送单元 701向服务网关发送更改承载请求消息， 所述更改承载请求消息包括 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述 下行链路用户面隧道端点标识；
数据网关或者服务网关根据 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和 RNC分配的所述 下行链路用户面隧道端点标识建立了网关与无线接入网之间的直接隧道， 用 户终端的该 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的下行业务数据包由直接隧道， 通 过数据网关者服务网关发往无线接入网。
进一步地，在 GPRS网络中，所述接收单元 702接收数据网关发送更新 PDP 上下文响应消息；
在 EPS网络中， 所述接收单元 702接收服务网关发送更改承载响应消息。 本发明实施例提供一种建立直接隧道的装置， 通过确定用户终端的特性 满足预设直接隧道建立条件， 发送单元向网关发送请求消息， 网关根据请求 消息中包括的 RNC的所述用户面 IP地址和所述 RNC分配的所述下行链路用户 面隧道端点标识建立无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道， 并 向移动管理网元发送的响应消息。 本发明实施例通过根据用户终端的特性， 减少为频繁得在连接态和空闲态之间转换的用户终端建立下行链路的直接隧 道， 从而可以减少 GGSN或 SGW上需要处理的信令消息的数量， 降低 GGSN或 SGW上的信令负荷， 同时保证一些业务的时延要求。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局限 于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内， 可轻易 想到变化或替换， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此， 本发明的保护 范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权利 要求 书
1、 一种建立直接隧道的方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
移动管理网元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件；
向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立无线接入网与所述网关之间 的下行链路的直接隧道；
接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成功建立了所述无 线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述移动管理网元确定用 户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件之前， 还包括：
向所述无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请求， 以便建立所述无线接入网 和所述网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道， 所述无线接入承载指派请求包括所述 网关的用户面网际协议 IP 地址和所述网关分配的上行链路用户面隧道端点标 识；
接收所述无线接入网发送的无线接入承载指派响应， 所述无线接入承载指 派响应用于确认成功建立所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的上行链路的直接隧 道。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述用户终端的特性包括所 述用户终端的信令特性和所述用户终端的业务属性中的至少一个；
所述用户终端的信令特性包括所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率 和所述用户终端的类型中的至少一个；
所述用户终端的业务属性包括所述用户终端的分组数据协议 PDP上下文或 承载上下文对应的业务的持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述用户终端的 PDP上 下文或所述承载上下文对应的下行数据包的持续时间、 所述下行数据包的包数、 所述下行数据包的流量、 和所述下行数据包之间的时间间隔中的至少一个。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于，
所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在所述移动管理网元上； 或者，
所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上， 并 下发到所述移动管理网元。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述移动管理网 元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件包括：
所述移动管理网元统计所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率； 所述确定所述频率在预设频率范围内。
6、 根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述移动管理网 元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件包括：
所述移动管理网元确定所述用户终端的类型在预设的类型范围内。
7、 根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述移动管理网 元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件包括：
所述移动管理网元统计接收到的所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文 对应的业务的持续时间， 确定所述持续时间在预设的持续时间范围内； 或者， 所述移动管理网元统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应 的下行数据包的包数， 确定所述包数在预设包数范围内； 或者，
所述移动管理网元统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应 的下行数据包的流量， 确定所述流量在预设流量范围内； 或者，
所述移动管理网元统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下文对应 的下行数据包之间的时间间隔， 确定所述时间间隔在预设时间间隔范围内。
8、 根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述移动管理网 元确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件包括：
所述移动管理网元确定所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业 务的类型为预设的业务类型。
9、 根据权利要求 1-8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述网关为数据网关或者 服务网关。
1 0、 一种直接隧道建立的装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
确定单元， 用于确定用户终端的特性满足预设直接隧道建立条件； 发送单元， 用于向网关发送请求消息， 所述请求消息用于建立无线接入网 与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道；
接收单元， 用于接收所述网关发送的响应消息， 所述响应消息用于确认成 功建立了所述无线接入网与所述网关之间的下行链路的直接隧道。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的装置， 其特征在于，
所述发送单元， 还用于向所述无线接入网发送无线接入承载指派请求， 以 便建立所述无线接入网和所述网关之间的上行链路的直接隧道， 所述无线接入 承载指派请求包括所述网关的用户面网际协议 IP地址和所述网关分配的上行链 路用户面隧道端点标识；
所述接收单元， 还用于接收所述无线接入网发送的无线接入承载指派响应， 所述无线接入承载指派响应用于确认成功建立所述无线接入网与所述网关之间 的上行链路的直接隧道。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述用户终端的特性包括 所述用户终端的信令特性和所述用户终端的业务属性中的至少一个；
所述用户终端的信令特性包括所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率 和所述用户终端的类型中的至少一个；
所述用户终端的业务属性包括所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对 应的业务的持续时间、 所述业务的类型、 所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承 载上下文对应的下行数据包的持续时间、 所述下行数据包的包数、 所述下行数 据包的流量， 和所述下行数据包之间的时间间隔中的至少一个。
13、 根据权利要求 10所述的装置， 其特征在于，
所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在所述移动管理网元上； 或者，
所述预设直接隧道建立条件配置在操作维护网元或者参数下发网元上， 并 下发到所述移动管理网元。
14、 根据权利要求 10-13 中任一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述确定单 元包括：
第一统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端在连接态和空闲态转换的频率； 第一确定模块， 用于确定所述频率在预设频率范围内。
15、 根据权利要求 10-1 3 中任一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述确定单 元具体用于： 确定所述用户终端的类型在预设的类型范围内。
16、 根据权利要求 10-1 3 中任一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述确定单 元包括：
第二统计模块， 用于统计接收到的所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下 文对应的业务的持续时间， 第二确定模块， 用于确定所述持续时间在预设的持 续时间范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下 文对应的下行数据包的包数， 所述第二确定模块， 用于确定所述包数在预设包 数范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下 文对应的下行数据包的流量， 所述第二确定模块， 用于确定所述流量在预设流 量范围内； 或者，
所述第二统计模块， 用于统计所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或所述承载上下 文对应的下行数据包之间的时间间隔， 所述第二确定模块， 用于确定所述时间 间隔在预设时间间隔范围内。
17、 根据权利要求 10-1 3 中任一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述确定单 元具体用于： 确定所述用户终端的 PDP上下文或承载上下文对应的业务的类型 为预设的业务类型。
18、 根据权利要求 11-17 所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述网关为数据网关 或者服务网关。
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