WO2013140288A1 - Gradual x-ray focal spot movements for a gradual transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing - Google Patents
Gradual x-ray focal spot movements for a gradual transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013140288A1 WO2013140288A1 PCT/IB2013/051800 IB2013051800W WO2013140288A1 WO 2013140288 A1 WO2013140288 A1 WO 2013140288A1 IB 2013051800 W IB2013051800 W IB 2013051800W WO 2013140288 A1 WO2013140288 A1 WO 2013140288A1
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- viewing
- monoscopic
- focal spot
- ray
- electron beam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/022—Stereoscopic imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4021—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4021—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot
- A61B6/4028—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot resulting in acquisition of views from substantially different positions, e.g. EBCT
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/06—Cathodes
- H01J35/065—Field emission, photo emission or secondary emission cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/14—Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
- H01J35/30—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by deflection of the cathode ray
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
- H05G1/30—Controlling
- H05G1/52—Target size or shape; Direction of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
- A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
- A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/06—Cathode assembly
- H01J2235/068—Multi-cathode assembly
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray tube for monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing, an X-ray imaging system for monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing, a method for providing spatial viewing of an object, a computer program element and a computer readable medium.
- X-ray stereo imaging is used, for example in medical imaging.
- stereo imaging provides useful depth information
- the user for example a physician, maintains and sometimes even prefers monoscopic viewing techniques.
- the switching to stereo imaging is hence sometimes avoided.
- additional depth information is sometimes not made visible to the user.
- US 2010/0067662 describes a stereo rotating anode X-ray tube.
- an X-ray tube for monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing that comprises a cathode arrangement, an anode, and control means.
- the cathode arrangement and the anode are provided to generate an electron beam from the cathode arrangement towards a target area of the anode to generate X-ray radiation by electrons impinging on the target area.
- the control means are provided to control the electron beam such that the electrons hit the anode at different target spots.
- the control means are configured to provide gradual variation of an impinging direction of the electrons for a stepless transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing.
- X-ray radiation is generated from a single focal spot position, and in the stereoscopic viewing, X-ray radiation is generated from two focal spot positions spaced apart from each other in a first stereo-direction transverse to a viewing direction.
- gradient variation for a stepless transition refers to a continuous change of the focal spot position such that a user viewing the respective images is facilitated in the perception of the continuously changing point of views, namely a point of view for a monoscopic viewing and the respective stereoscopic viewing, as is the case from two spaced apart focal spots.
- the term “gradual” relates in particular to the perception of the user and thus comprises relatively small steps for the movement of the focal spot, which stepwise change, although not literally being a gradual movement, is also subsumed by the term “gradual”.
- imping direction comprises e.g. an impinging angle of the electron beam.
- the gradual variation is a gradual deflection of the electron beam.
- an electron beam with a varying effective direction is generated, for example by a number of variable electron sources.
- control means are measures for deflection of the electron beam.
- control means are configured to provide gradual variation for at least one stereo focal spot also in a second stereo-direction, which is transverse to the first stereo-direction and transverse to the viewing direction.
- the cathode arrangement comprises a single cathode and the control means are deflection means provided to deflect the electron beam.
- the cathode arrangement comprises a plurality of Carbon Nanotube emitters, which Carbon Nanotube emitters are configured to provide an electron beam with different focal spot positions, and the control means are provided as a control arrangement of the Carbon Nanotube emitters.
- an X-ray imaging system for monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing comprising an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, and a processing unit.
- the X-ray source is an X-ray tube according to one of the above-mentioned examples.
- the X-ray detector is configured to provide X-ray detection signals to the processing unit.
- the processing unit is configured to compute monoscopic and stereoscopic X-ray image data based on the X-ray detection signals.
- a method for providing spatial viewing of an object comprising the following steps:
- step b) is provided as gradual variation of an impinging direction of the electrons such that a stepless transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing is provided.
- stepless transition relates to the perception of a user.
- X-ray radiation is generated from a single focal spot position
- stereoscopic viewing X-ray radiation is generated from two focal spot positions spaced apart from each other in a first stereo-direction transverse to a viewing direction.
- step b) is a deflection and the gradual variation is a gradual deflection.
- the electron beam may be provided by several electron sub-beams.
- the gradual variation of an impinging direction of the electrons comprises an electron beam hitting different positions, i.e. varying positions of the focal track.
- the different impinging directions may comprise parallel directions hitting different positions.
- the different impinging directions may also comprise different angles of the directions.
- a steady increase or decrease of the focal spot separation is provided for a transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic imaging and vice versa.
- the gradual transition between the two types of view i.e. the gradual transition between mono and stereo viewing
- the gradual transition provided a fluent work flow.
- the gradual transition also allows an adaption or adjustment of the intensity of the stereo effect, thus providing the possibility to take into account respective favorite settings of different personnel.
- Fig. 1 shows a C-arm arrangement as an example for an X-ray imaging system according to the present invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a perspective schematic view of an X-ray tube according to an example of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a top view of the X-ray tube of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 4 shows another example of an X-ray tube according to the present invention in a perspective view.
- Fig. 5 shows a top view of the X-ray tube of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross-section of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 7 shows an example for a gradual variation of the focal spot according to the present invention.
- Fig. 8 shows a further example of an X-ray tube according to the present invention in a schematic cross-section.
- Fig. 9 shows a further example of an X-ray tube according to the present invention in a cross-section.
- Fig. 10 shows a further example of an X-ray tube according to the present invention in a top view.
- Fig. 11 shows a cross-section of the X-ray tube of Fig. 10.
- Fig. 12 shows a further example of an X-ray tube according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 schematically illustrates the resulting image of the example of Fig. 12.
- Fig. 14 shows a further example of an X-ray tube according to the present invention.
- Fig. 15 shows the resulting effect of an exemplary embodiment of an X-ray tube according to the present invention.
- Fig. 16 shows basic steps of a method for providing spatial viewing of an object according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 shows an X-ray imaging system 10 for monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing.
- the X-ray imaging system 10 is provided with an X-ray source 12, an X-ray detector 14, and a processing unit 16.
- the X-ray source 12 and the X-ray detector 14 are arranged on a C-arm structure 18 mounted to a movable support structure 20 allowing rotational movements around an object of interest, for example a patient, wherein the object is indicated with a circular structure only, with reference numeral 22.
- a support structure for example a patient table 24, is provided for supporting the object 22.
- a display arrangement 26 is shown, as well as an interface and control
- the X-ray source 12 is an X-ray tube 30 as described in more detail below with reference to following drawings.
- the X-ray detector 14 is configured to provide X-ray detection signals to the processing unit 16, and the processing unit 16 is configured to compute monoscopic and stereoscopic X-ray image data based on the X-ray detection signals.
- the X-ray imaging system 10 is shown as a C-arm type examination apparatus as an example only.
- other X-ray imaging systems for example X-ray imaging systems where the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are mounted to robotic arms, or X-ray imaging systems with fixedly mounted X-ray source and X-ray detector, are also provided.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of the X-ray tube 30.
- the X-ray tube 30 is provided for monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing and comprises a cathode arrangement 32, an anode 34, and control means, the latter being described further below.
- the cathode arrangement and the anode are provided to generate an electron beam 36 from the cathode arrangement towards a target area of the anode 34 to generate X- ray radiation 38 by electrons impinging on the target area.
- the control means are provided to control the electron beam such that the electrons hit the anode at different target spots, wherein the control means are configured to provide gradual variation of an impinging direction of the electrons for a stepless transition (see also Fig. 7) between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing.
- X-ray radiation is generated from a single focal spot position, and in the stereoscopic viewing, X-ray radiation is generated from two focal spot positions spaced apart from each other in a first stereo-direction 40 transverse to a viewing direction 42.
- the electron beam is controlled such that it is moved to either side, as indicated with dotted lines 36a and 36b.
- the electron beam hits the anode at different target spots, namely a middle target spot 44 and a first sideways arranged focal spot 44a and a second sideways arranged focal spot 44b. Consequently, the X-ray radiation 38 is generated for the middle focal spot position 44, and a further X-ray radiation beam is indicated with reference numeral 38a to first sideways focal spot 44a, and a second X-ray radiation beam 38b for the second sideways arranged focal spot 44b.
- the middle focal spot 44 can be provided, and for the stereoscopic viewing, the sideways arranged focal spots 44a and 44b can be used.
- one of the sidewise arranged focal spots can be used together with the middle focal spot for stereoscopic viewing, and the other one of the sidewise arranged focal spots can then be used for the monoscopic viewing.
- Fig. 3 shows a top view of the anode and the respective focal spot positions. Same reference numerals are used for the same features.
- control means are configured to provide gradual variation for at least one stereo focal spot also in a second stereo-direction 46, which is transverse to the first stereo-direction 40 and transverse to the viewing direction 42.
- the variation, for example the deflection, in the second stereo-direction is indicated for the middle focal spot 44 only.
- the gradual variation in the second stereo-direction 46 results in a further varied, i.e. deflected or offset focal spot 44c.
- the respective controlled electron beam is indicated with reference numeral 36c.
- the at least one stereo focal spot i.e. either one of the two stereo focal spots or both stereo focal spots, respectively offset or moved positions would be provided.
- Fig. 5 shows a top view of the focal spots arrangement of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of Fig. 4.
- the electron beam 36 can be gradually varied, e.g. deflected towards the left resulting in the above-mentioned electron beam path 36c, impinging on the anode 34 at focal spot position 44c. This results in the X-ray beam 38c.
- the anode 34 is provided with an inclined target area 48, resulting in a vertical offset 50 as the effective second stereo-direction 46, transverse to the viewing direction 42, and also transverse to the first viewing direction 40 (see Fig. 5).
- the control means are configured to provide the gradual variation such that, in stereoscopic viewing, a connection line between the first focal spot and the second focal spot may be arranged on a common plane with the viewing direction (not further shown in the figures).
- first and second variation direction e.g. first and second deflection direction is also provided.
- the first stereo-direction 40 is also referred to as horizontal direction, and the second stereo-direction 46 is also referred to vertical direction.
- Fig. 7 indicates in a top view of the focal spot positions that, according to the present invention, a gradual variation is provided, resulting in a plurality of different focal spot positions 44n, of which the above-mentioned focal spot positions, 44, 44a, and 44b are only examples.
- the first stereo-direction 40 is also indicated, as well as the viewing direction 42.
- respective target spot positions are provided between the target position 44 and the target position 44c (not further indicated).
- the gradual variation according to the present invention comprises a steady increase or decrease of the focal spot separation.
- Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the X-ray tube 30, wherein the cathode arrangement comprises a single cathode 52 and the control means are provided as deflection means 54, provided to deflect the electron beam.
- the electron beam 36 and the electron beam 36c are shown, resulting in the above-mentioned target positions 44 and 44c on the anode 34.
- the variation, i.e. the deflection is provided electrostatically or electromagnetically.
- Fig. 9 shows a further example of the X-ray tube 30, wherein the cathode arrangement comprises a plurality of Carbon Nanotube emitters 56, which are configured to provide an electron beam 58 with different focal spot positions.
- a second shape/direction of the electron beam is indicated with dotted lines and reference numeral 58i.
- the control means are provided as a control arrangement of the Carbon Nanotube emitters.
- steering or guiding electrodes 60 are provided in addition with a gate structure 62, thus allowing to control the Carbon Nanotube emitters such that different target areas 64, 64a can be hit by the respective electron beam in order to generate X-ray radiation (not further shown).
- Fig. 10 shows a top view of the anode 34, for example a rotating anode.
- the anode is provided with an inclined focal track area 66, as shown in Fig. 11.
- the focal track area is provided with an increasing inclination degree, as shown in Fig. 11.
- anode being a rotating anode is also provided in combination with the other embodiments, e.g. Figs. 1 to 9. However, with respect to Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 14, it is also provided to have a non-rotating anode disk with similar features.
- the term "inclination of the focal track” relates to an inclination in the relation to the viewing direction.
- the inclination degree may be decreasing in the viewing direction.
- the surface has a concave structure or form in a cross-section in viewing direction.
- a first arrow 68 indicates a first electron beam hitting the anode 34 at a first focal spot position 70.
- a first and a second focal spot can be provided on both sides of the centre point of the anode 34, which centre point is indicated with reference numeral 72.
- a second arrow 74 indicates a second electron beam position, resulting in a respective focal track position 76. In case of a steadily, i.e. continuously or linearly inclining target surface area on the anode disk, this would result in a crossing point of the respective lines, as indicated with reference numeral 78.
- the resulting focal spot position 76 is higher in y-direction 79, in relation to the rotating axis of the anode disk, thus resulting in an additional offset in the y-direction.
- an increasing in the viewing direction can be provided, i.e. an increasing degree of inclination of the disk's cross section profile from a point closer to the axis of rotation towards the outer edge of the anode disk, resulting in an additional offset in the y-direction, i.e. in the direction of the axis of rotation of the anode 34.
- This provides the advantage that for providing a respective focal spot height position (variation / deflection in y-direction), only a smaller offset in radial direction must be provided by controlling, e.g. deflecting the electron beam.
- the first mark 70 represents a first focal spot position on the so-to-speak lower portion of the focal track area 66.
- the second mark 76 represents the position of a second focal spot in order to achieve the height of the intersection point.
- a first arrow 71 represents the height that would be achieved in case of a continuous inclination degree.
- a second arrow 73 represents the height that is achieved due to the increasing inclination degree.
- the increasing inclination degree provides a delta 75 plus in height without any further extension in r-direction.
- the increasing inclination degree provides a reduced range of inclination with respect to providing similar focal spot positions (y- variations / - deflections).
- connection line 82 shown in a dotted manner, connecting the none-tilted stereo focal spot positions, in relation to the resulting tilted stereo- direction, indicated with a connection line 84 in a straight line.
- a tilting angle 86 results.
- a first vessel segment 88 and a second vessel segment 90 are also tilted in relation to each other due to the respective spatial arrangement.
- the two vessel segments can be virtually separated from each other by the user in an enhanced and facilitated manner.
- the gradual variation can be adapted separately, i.e.
- connection line 84 is provided aligned with the viewing direction 42 in the top plan view of the focal spot locations of Fig. 14.
- the fist focal spot is gradually moved from a first position 83 to a second position 85 in a so-to-speak first shifting movement to the right side; the second focal spot is gradually moved from a first position 87 to a second position 89 in a so-to-speak second shifting movement to the slightly upper left side. Both shifting movements are indicated with an arrow 81.
- X-ray stereo imaging gives mainly live depth information in a horizontal stereo-direction.
- the live depth information in vertical direction is increased.
- the extra movement also improves the stereo perception itself.
- tilt the stereo-direction by moving one focal spot in a mainly vertical direction.
- vertical relates to the resulting or effective focal spot movement, for example which is the case in an inclined focal track area.
- a gradual adaption of the focal spot separation can be provided.
- an object 96 being provided closer to the focal spot is detected by an X-ray detector 98 with a larger resulting movement 100 than an object 102 being arranged farther away from the focal spots, as indicated for an object 102, resulting in a smaller detectable movement 104.
- a resulting image would show objects closer to the X-ray tube in a blurred manner, whereas objects being arranged closer to the detector would appear sharper in the image.
- Fig. 16 shows a method 200 for providing spatial viewing of an object, comprising the following steps:
- a first step 210 an electron beam is generated from a cathode arrangement towards a target area of an anode.
- the electron beam is controlled such that the electron beam hits the anode at different target spots.
- the control is provided as gradual variation of an impinging direction of the electrons such that a stepless transition 214 between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing is achieved.
- X-ray radiation is generated from a single focal spot position
- X-ray radiation is generated from two focal spot positions spaced apart from each other in a first stereo-direction transverse to a viewing direction.
- X-ray radiation is generated by the electron beam impinging on the target area.
- the X-ray radiation is provided with different focal spots for monoscopic and stereoscopic X-ray imaging.
- image data of the object is provided with a gradual transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing.
- the controlling in step 212 is a deflection and the gradual variation is a gradual deflection.
- the first step 210 is also referred to as step a), the second step 212 as step b), the third step 216 as step c), and the fourth step 218 as step d).
- the gradual variation in step b) comprises gradual variation for at least one stereo focal spot also in a second stereo-direction, which is transverse to the first stereo-direction and transverse to the viewing direction.
- the gradual variation in step b) comprises, in stereoscopic viewing, a shifting of a connection line between the first focal spot and the second focal spot such that the connection line is arranged on a common plane with the viewing direction.
- a smooth transition is provided by controlling or deflecting the electron beam such that, for example, when starting from monoscopic viewing, the single focal spot is smoothly transferred into two focal spots for the stereoscopic viewing, wherein the so-to-speak separation of the two focal spots, which are initially positioned at the same location for the monoscopic viewing, are increasingly arranged spaced apart from each other for the stereoscopic viewing.
- the provision of the additional spatial information as provided in the stereoscopic viewing can be integrated in the work flow in a facilitated manner and situations are avoided where a user, for example a surgeon, has to adapt his reading of the provided image to the new way, i.e. to monoscopic or stereoscopic viewing.
- a user for example a surgeon
- the user is provided with so-to-speak simple attenuation information, and so far no spatial information.
- a computer program or a computer program element is provided that is characterized by being adapted to execute the method steps of the method according to one of the preceding embodiments, on an appropriate system.
- the computer program element might therefore be stored on a computer unit, which might also be part of an embodiment of the present invention.
- This computing unit may be adapted to perform or induce a performing of the steps of the method described above. Moreover, it may be adapted to operate the components of the above described apparatus.
- the computing unit can be adapted to operate automatically and/or to execute the orders of a user.
- a computer program may be loaded into a working memory of a data processor.
- the data processor may thus be equipped to carry out the method of the invention.
- This exemplary embodiment of the invention covers both, a computer program that right from the beginning uses the invention and a computer program that by means of an up-date turns an existing program into a program that uses the invention.
- the computer program element might be able to provide all necessary steps to fulfill the procedure of an exemplary embodiment of the method as described above.
- a computer readable medium such as a CD-ROM
- the computer readable medium has a computer program element stored on it which computer program element is described by the preceding section.
- a computer program may be stored and/or distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.
- the computer program may also be presented over a network like the
- World Wide Web can be downloaded into the working memory of a data processor from such a network.
- a medium for making a computer program element available for downloading is provided, which computer program element is arranged to perform a method according to one of the previously described embodiments of the invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13719619.2A EP2828877A1 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-03-07 | Gradual x-ray focal spot movements for a gradual transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing |
RU2014142065A RU2014142065A (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-03-07 | GRADUAL MOVEMENTS OF THE FOCAL POINT OF X-RAY RADIATION FOR A GRADUAL TRANSITION BETWEEN MONOSCOPIC AND STEREOSCOPIC VIEWING |
JP2015501011A JP6139655B2 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-03-07 | Progressive X-ray focal spot movement for progressive transition between planar and stereoscopic observations |
CN201380014932.5A CN104205285B (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-03-07 | For the gradual x-ray focal spot movement of the gradual conversion between monoscopic and the observation of stereoscopic fields of view |
US14/385,370 US9554757B2 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-03-07 | Gradual X-ray focal spot movements for a gradual transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261612475P | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | |
US61/612,475 | 2012-03-19 |
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WO2013140288A1 true WO2013140288A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2013/051800 WO2013140288A1 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-03-07 | Gradual x-ray focal spot movements for a gradual transition between monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9554757B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2828877A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6139655B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104205285B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2014142065A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013140288A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN104411081A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-11 | 重庆大学 | Linear array micro-nano focus X-ray source for micro-nano CT (computer tomography) system |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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RU2656245C2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2018-06-04 | Конинклейке Филипс Н.В. | Simulated spatial live viewing of object from variable view-points |
EP4029036A4 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2023-10-11 | Orthoscan Incorporated | Mini c-arm imaging system with stepless collimation |
EP4125110A1 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-01 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | X-ray tubes for stereoscopic imaging |
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US20150071404A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
JP2015516647A (en) | 2015-06-11 |
JP6139655B2 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
RU2014142065A (en) | 2016-05-10 |
EP2828877A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
CN104205285B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
US9554757B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
CN104205285A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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