WO2013137618A1 - Procédé et appareil de codage vidéo évolutif et procédé et appareil de décodage vidéo évolutif - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de codage vidéo évolutif et procédé et appareil de décodage vidéo évolutif Download PDF

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WO2013137618A1
WO2013137618A1 PCT/KR2013/001973 KR2013001973W WO2013137618A1 WO 2013137618 A1 WO2013137618 A1 WO 2013137618A1 KR 2013001973 W KR2013001973 W KR 2013001973W WO 2013137618 A1 WO2013137618 A1 WO 2013137618A1
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scalable extension
scalable
unit
information
depth
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PCT/KR2013/001973
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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최병두
김일구
김찬열
박영오
박정훈
이태미
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삼성전자 주식회사
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Priority claimed from KR1020120044670A external-priority patent/KR102047492B1/ko
Application filed by 삼성전자 주식회사 filed Critical 삼성전자 주식회사
Priority to US14/384,992 priority Critical patent/US20150023432A1/en
Publication of WO2013137618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013137618A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/187—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a scalable video layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/597—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a scalable video encoding method and a decoding method, and a scalable video encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus for implementing the same.
  • image data is encoded by a codec according to a predetermined data compression standard, for example, the Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) standard, and then stored in an information storage medium in the form of a bitstream or transmitted through a communication channel.
  • MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group
  • Scalable video coding is a video compression method for appropriately adjusting and transmitting information in response to various communication networks and terminals.
  • Scalable video coding provides a video encoding method capable of adaptively serving various transmission networks and various receiving terminals using a single video stream.
  • Multi-view video coding Multiview Video Coding
  • video is encoded according to a limited coding scheme based on a macroblock having a predetermined size.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is scalable video for efficiently transmitting scalable extension type information of an image when video is scalable to various types such as spatial, temporal, quality, and multi-view scalable expansion. It is to provide an encoding method and apparatus.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a scalable video decoding method and apparatus for decoding an image by obtaining scalable extension type information of an encoded image from a bitstream.
  • Embodiments of the present invention add information indicating the type of scalable extension to the reserved area of the network abstraction layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a scalable video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the image encoder 110 of FIG. 1.
  • 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of a temporal scalable image.
  • 3B is a diagram illustrating an example of a spatial scalable image.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram hierarchically classifying a video encoding process and a decoding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating NAL units according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a scalable extension type information table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating NAL units according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating scalable extension type information indicated by a first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and a second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 according to the SET 504 of the NAL unit of FIG. 7. to be.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a scalable video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a scalable video decoding apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a scalable video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a video encoding apparatus involving video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a video decoding apparatus including video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a concept of coding units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 15 is a block diagram of an image encoder based on coding units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16 is a block diagram of an image decoder based on coding units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 17 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, and partitions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a relationship between a coding unit and transformation units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates encoding information according to depths, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 20 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21, 22, and 23 illustrate a relationship between a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a transformation unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a relationship between coding units, prediction units, and transformation units, according to encoding mode information of Table 2.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a relationship between coding units, prediction units, and transformation units, according to encoding mode information of Table 2.
  • a scalable video encoding method comprises the steps of: generating a bitstream by encoding an image according to at least one predetermined scalable extension type among a plurality of scalable extension types; And adding scalable extension type information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image to the bitstream, wherein the scalable extension type information includes a plurality of scalable extension type information defining an available combination of the plurality of scalable extension types.
  • Table index information indicating one of three scalable extension type information tables and layer index information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image among combinations of a plurality of scalable extension types included in the scalable extension type information table Characterized in that it comprises a.
  • a scalable video encoding method comprising: generating a bitstream by encoding an image according to at least one predetermined scalable extension layer among a plurality of scalable extension types; And adding scalable extension type information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image to the bitstream, wherein the scalable extension type information includes combined scalable index information and a plurality of sub-layer index information.
  • the combined scalable index information indicates to which scalable extension type of the plurality of scalable enhancement layers the plurality of sub-layer index information is mapped, and each of the plurality of sub-layer index information corresponds to the encoded image. It is characterized by indicating a specific scalable extension type of.
  • a scalable video decoding method comprises the steps of: receiving and parsing a bitstream of an encoded image to obtain a scalable extension type of the encoded image among a plurality of scalable extension types; And decoding the encoded image according to the obtained scalable extension type, wherein the scalable extension type information includes a plurality of scalable extension type information tables defining available combinations of the plurality of scalable extension types. And table index information indicating one of the above information and layer index information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image among a plurality of combinations of scalable extension types included in the scalable extension type information table. .
  • a scalable video decoding method comprising: receiving and parsing a bitstream of an encoded image to obtain a scalable extension type of the encoded image among a plurality of scalable extension types; And decoding the encoded image according to the obtained scalable extension type, wherein the scalable extension type information includes combined scalable index information and a plurality of sub-layer index information, and the combined scalable index.
  • the information indicates to which scalable extension type of the plurality of scalable extension types the plurality of sub-layer index information are mapped, and each of the plurality of sub-layer index information indicates a specific scalable extension type of the encoded image. It is characterized by.
  • a scalable video encoding apparatus includes an image encoder for generating a bitstream by encoding an image according to at least one predetermined scalable extension type among a plurality of scalable extension types; And an output unit for adding scalable extension type information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image to the bitstream, wherein the scalable extension type information includes a plurality of scalable extension types defining available combinations of the plurality of scalable extension types.
  • Table index information indicating one of three scalable extension type information tables and layer index information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image among combinations of a plurality of scalable extension types included in the scalable extension type information table Characterized in that it comprises a.
  • a scalable video encoding apparatus comprising: an image encoder configured to generate a bitstream by encoding an image according to at least one predetermined scalable extension layer among a plurality of scalable extension types; And an output unit configured to add scalable extension type information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image to the bitstream, wherein the scalable extension type information includes combined scalable index information and a plurality of sub-layer index information.
  • the combined scalable index information indicates to which scalable extension type of the plurality of scalable enhancement layers the plurality of sub-layer index information is mapped, and each of the plurality of sub-layer index information corresponds to the encoded image. It is characterized by indicating a specific scalable extension type of.
  • a scalable video decoding apparatus including: a receiver configured to receive and parse a bitstream of an encoded image to obtain scalable extension type information of the encoded image among a plurality of scalable extension types; And a decoder which decodes the encoded image according to the obtained scalable extension type information, wherein the scalable extension type information includes a plurality of scalable extension type information defining an available combination of the plurality of scalable extension types. And table index information indicating one of tables and layer index information indicating a scalable extension type of the encoded image among a plurality of combinations of scalable extension types included in the scalable extension type information table. do.
  • a scalable video decoding apparatus including: a receiver configured to receive and parse a bitstream of an encoded image to obtain scalable extension type information of the encoded image among a plurality of scalable extension types; And a decoder configured to decode the encoded image according to the obtained scalable extension type information, wherein the scalable extension type information includes combined scalable index information and a plurality of sub-layer index information.
  • the index information indicates to which scalable extension type of the plurality of scalable extension types the plurality of sub-layer index information are mapped, and each of the plurality of sub-layer index information corresponds to a specific scalable extension type of the encoded image. Characterized in that represents.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a scalable video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the scalable video encoding apparatus 100 includes an image encoder 110 and an output unit 120.
  • the scalable video encoding apparatus 100 may receive an image sequence such as a 2D video, a 3D video, or a multiview video.
  • the scalable video encoding apparatus 100 uses various spatial resolution, quality, various frame rates, and again.
  • the bitstream is generated and output in a scalable manner so that various terminals can receive and restore the bitstream in accordance with the capability of each terminal. That is, the image encoder 110 generates and outputs a scalable video bitstream by encoding the input image according to various scalable extension types.
  • Scalable extension types include temporal, spatial, image quality, and multi-point scalability.
  • the video bitstream is called scalable if it can be divided into valid substreams to suit the capabilities of the receiving terminal.
  • a spatially scalable bitstream includes a substream having a resolution reduced than the original resolution
  • a temporally scalable bitstream includes a substream that has been reduced than the original frame rate.
  • an image quality scalable bitstream has the same spatio-temporal resolution as the entire bitstream, but has a smaller fidelity or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the entire bitstream. It has a substream having.
  • a multiview scalable bitstream includes substreams of different views within one bitstream. For example, a stereoscopic image includes a left image and a right image.
  • one scalable video bitstream may include different spatiotemporal resolutions, image quality, and encoded images of different views.
  • the output unit 120 adds scalable extension type information indicating the scalable extension type of the encoded image to the bitstream and outputs the scalable extension type information. Scalable extension type information added by the output unit 120 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 5 through 8.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the image encoder 110 of FIG. 1.
  • the image encoder 110 includes a temporal scalable encoder 111, a spatial scalable encoder 112, an image quality scalable encoder 113, and a multiview encoder 114. .
  • the temporal scalable encoder 111 generates a temporally scalable bitstream by encoding the input image in a scalable manner in time and outputs the temporal scalable bitstream.
  • a temporally scalable bitstream includes substreams having different frame rates in one bitstream.
  • the temporal scalable encoder 111 encodes images of the first temporal layer 330 having a frame rate of 7.5 Hz to generate a bitstream of a first temporal layer that is a base layer. can do.
  • temporal ID 0 may be added to the bitstream encoding the image of the first temporal layer 330 as temporal scalable extension type information indicating that the image belongs to the first temporal layer 330.
  • the temporal scalable encoder 111 may generate a bitstream of a second temporal layer that is an enhancement layer by encoding the images of the second temporal layer 320 having a frame rate of 15 Hz.
  • the temporal scalable encoder 111 may generate a bitstream of the third temporal layer, which is an enhancement layer, by encoding the images of the third temporal layer 310 having a frame rate of 30 Hz.
  • the temporal scalable encoder 111 uses correlations between respective temporal layers when encoding the images included in the first temporal layer 330, the second temporal layer 320, and the third temporal layer 310. Encoding can be performed.
  • the temporal scalable encoder 111 may generate a temporally scalable bitstream using motion compensated temporal filtering or hierarchical B-pictures.
  • the spatial scalable encoder 112 generates a spatially scalable bitstream by spatially scaling the input image and outputs the spatially scalable bitstream.
  • a spatially scalable bitstream includes substreams having different resolutions in one bitstream.
  • the spatial scalable encoder 112 may generate a bitstream of a first spatial layer that is a base layer by encoding images of the first spatial layer 340 having a resolution of QVGA. have.
  • Spatial ID 0 may be added to the bitstream encoding the image of the first spatial layer 340 as spatial scalable extension type information indicating that the image belongs to the first spatial layer 340.
  • the spatial scalable encoder 112 may generate a bitstream of the second spatial layer, which is an enhancement layer, by encoding the images of the second spatial layer 350 having the resolution of VGA.
  • the spatial scalable encoder 112 may generate a bitstream of the third spatial layer, which is an enhancement layer, by encoding the images of the third spatial layer 360 having the resolution of WVGA.
  • the spatial scalable encoder 112 uses correlations between respective spatial layers when encoding the images included in the first spatial layer 340, the second spatial layer 350, and the third spatial layer 360. Encoding can be performed.
  • the image quality scalable encoder 113 generates and outputs a quality scalable bitstream by encoding the input image in a scalable image quality.
  • the image quality scalable encoder 113 may scalablely encode an input image according to a Coarse-Grained Scalability (CGS) method, a Medium-Grained Scalability (MGS) method, and a Fine-Grained Scalability (GFS) method.
  • CGS Coarse-Grained Scalability
  • MGS Medium-Grained Scalability
  • GGS Fine-Grained Scalability
  • the quality scalable encoder 113 is a quality scalable extension type information for identifying a bitstream of a first quality layer using a CGS scheme, and includes a quality stream of ID2 and a bitstream of a second quality layer using a MGS scheme.
  • the output unit 120 adds information indicating multi-view scalable extension type information (View ID) to the bitstream together with other scalable extension type information as described below.
  • a scalable extension applied to the image sequences 375 is performed.
  • a scalable extension applied to the image sequences 380 is performed.
  • the image encoder 110 when the image encoder 110 generates a bitstream by encoding an image frame constituting the image sequences 385 having a temporal resolution of 15 Hz, the scalable view applied to the image sequences 385 is extended.
  • the outputter 120 adds scalable extension type information to which the encoded image belongs by the image encoder 110 to the encoded bitstream and outputs the information.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram hierarchically classifying a video encoding process and a decoding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the encoding process performed by the scalable video encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 includes a video coding layer (hereinafter referred to as a VCL) 410 that handles the video encoding process itself as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the network abstraction layer which generates the encoded image data and the additional information encoded between the encoding process and the sub-system 430 for transmitting and storing the encoded image data and the video encoding layer 410 in a predetermined format.
  • Network encoding layer (420) The encoded data 411 that is an output of the encoding process by the image encoder 110 of the scalable video encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 1 is VCL data, and the encoded data 411 through the output unit 120 is a VCL NAL unit. Mapped to 421.
  • parameter set information 412 related to an encoding process such as prediction mode information and scalable extension type information for a coding unit used to generate the data 411 encoded by the VCL 410 may be stored in a non-VCL NAL unit ( 422).
  • scalable extension type information is included in a reserved NAL unit for future expansion among NAL units and transmitted.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating NAL units according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the NAL unit 500 is largely composed of two parts, a NAL header and a raw byte sequence payload (RBSP).
  • the NAL header includes a forbidden_zero_bit (F) 501, a nal_ref_flag (NRF) 502 which is a flag indicating whether important additional information is included, and an identifier (NUT) 513 indicating the type of the NAL unit 500.
  • the RBSP is a table index information for scalable extension type information (hereinafter referred to as “SET” (514)) and a combination of a plurality of scalable extension type information combinations included in the scalable extension type information table.
  • Layer index information (Layer ID, hereinafter referred to as " LID ") 515 indicating the type of scalable extension is included.
  • forbidden_zero_bit (F) 501 has a value of 0 as a bit for identification of the NAL unit 500.
  • nal_ref_flag (NRF) 502 indicates information about a reference picture whose NAL unit is used as reference parameter set (SPS) information, picture parameter set (PPS) information, and reference information of another picture. It may be set to have a value of 1 if it includes, or includes scalable extension type information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the NUT (nal_unit_type) 513 is an Instantaneous Decoding Refresh (IDR) picture, a Clean Random Access (CRA) picture, an SPS, a Picture Parameter Set (PPS), a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI), and an adaptive parameter set (NEI).
  • APS Adaptation Parameter Set
  • NUT identifier
  • the value of the NUT 513 is scalable to the NAL unit 500 having any one of values of 2-3, 10-11, 13, 15-23, and 24-64.
  • Add information indicating the type of extension That is, according to an embodiment of the present invention, by adding scalable extension type information to an NAL unit reserved for future expansion or an undefined NAL unit, a bitstream that provides a scalability while being compatible with other video compression standards is provided. Can be generated. Not limited to the types of NAL units illustrated in Table 1, NAL units reserved or undefined for future expansion in various video compression standards may be used as data units for transmitting scalable extension type information.
  • the outputter 120 may add scalable extension type information to L bits (L is an integer) corresponding to the RBSP region of the NAL unit 500.
  • the output unit 120 classifies L bits for scalable extension type information into a SET 514 composed of M (M is an integer) bits and a LID 515 composed of N (N is an integer) bits. do.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a scalable extension type information table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • one scalable extension type information table When the SET 514 has a specific value, one scalable extension type information table is defined. Referring to FIG. 6, one scalable extension type information table indicates one of combinations of scalable extension types according to the value of LID 515. Assuming that SET 514 has a value of k (k is an integer), one scalable extension type information table is defined as shown, depending on what scalable extension type is the value of LID 515. Can be determined.
  • the scalable extended type information table in the case where the SET 514 has a specific value of k is illustrated.
  • the SET 514 when the SET 514 is composed of M bits, the SET 514 may have a maximum of 2 bits. Since it may have ⁇ M values, up to 2 ⁇ M scalable extension type information tables may be predefined according to the value of SET 514.
  • the scalable extension type information table as shown in FIG. 6 may be predefined in the video encoding apparatus and the video decoding apparatus, and may be predefined from the video encoding apparatus through the SPS, PPS, and Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) messages. Can be delivered.
  • SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating NAL units according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the forbidden_zero_bit (F) 701, nal_ref_flag (NRF) 702, and the identifier (NUT) 703 indicating the type of the NAL unit among the NAL unit 700 are the same as those of FIG. 5 described above. Is omitted. Similar to the NAL unit 500 of FIG. 5 described above, scalable extension type information may be included in an RBSP region of a reserved NAL unit or an undefined NAL unit that is reserved for future expansion.
  • the output unit 120 may add scalable extension type information to L bits (L is an integer) corresponding to the RBSP region of the NAL unit 700.
  • the output unit 120 includes a SET 704 of L bits for scalable extension type information and a first sub-layer index Sub-LID0 consisting of J (J is an integer) bits. 705 and a second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 composed of K bits.
  • the SET 704 of FIG. 7 differs from the SET 504 of FIG. 5 in which scalable extension type information is defined by the first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and the second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706.
  • scalable extension type information is defined by the first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and the second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706.
  • the combined scalable index information indicating whether the first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and the second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 corresponds to which of the plurality of scalable extension type information. Information to determine.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating scalable extension type information indicated by a first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and a second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 according to the SET 504 of the NAL unit of FIG. 7. to be.
  • the first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and the second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 indicate some kind of scalable extension type information. It can indicate whether it is a value. For example, if SET 714 has a value of 1, the value of the first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 after SET 714, as indicated by reference numeral 810, is a temporal scalable extension type. Information (View ID), and the value of the second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 indicates the image quality scalable extension type information (View ID).
  • FIG. 7 a case in which two sub-layer indexes of the first sub-layer index (Sub-LID0) 705 and the second sub-layer index (Sub_LID1) 706 are included is illustrated, but is not limited thereto. May be extended to indicate two or more scalable extension type information within a range of available bits.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a scalable video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the image encoder 110 generates a bitstream by encoding an image according to at least one predetermined scalable extension type among a plurality of scalable extension types.
  • the image encoder 110 classifies the input image sequence into different spatio-temporal resolution, image quality, and hierarchical images of different views, and encodes the classified layers to perform different spatio-temporal resolution, image quality, and mutual information. It is possible to generate a bitstream with different views.
  • the outputter 120 adds scalable extension type information indicating the scalable extension type of the encoded image to the bitstream.
  • the scalable extension type information may be included in the reserved NAL unit or an unused NAL unit RBSP region for transmission in the future.
  • the output unit 120 may include table index information (SET) 514 representing one of a plurality of scalable extension type information tables that define an available combination of a plurality of scalable extension types, as shown in FIG.
  • Table index information (LID) 515 indicating a scalable extension type of an encoded image among a plurality of combinations of scalable extension types included in the scalable extension type information table may be included in the NB-based RBSP.
  • the output unit 120 may combine combined scalable index information (SET) 704 and a plurality of sub-layer index information (Sub-LID0, Sub-) in the RBSP region of the NAL unit as shown in FIG. LID1) (705, 706), and the combined scalable index information (SET) 704 sets a value to indicate which scalable extension type among the plurality of scalable enhancement layers the plurality of sub layer index information is mapped to.
  • Each of the plurality of sub-layer index information (Sub-LID0 and Sub-LID1) 705 and 706 may be set to indicate a specific scalable extension type of the encoded image.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a scalable video decoding apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the scalable video decoding apparatus 1000 includes a receiver 1010 and a decoder 1020.
  • the receiver 1010 receives the NAL unit of the network abstraction layer, and obtains an NAL unit including scalable extension type information according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the NAL unit including scalable extension type information may be determined using nal_unit_type (NUT), which is an identifier indicating the type of the NAL unit.
  • NUT nal_unit_type
  • scalable extension type information according to embodiments of the present invention may be included in a reserved NAL unit or an unused NAL unit for future expansion.
  • the receiver 1010 parses an NAL unit including scalable extension type information to determine which scalability image is currently decoded.
  • the NAL unit including scalable extension type information defines one of a plurality of scalable extension type information tables that define an available combination of a plurality of scalable extension types, SET (514) and the layer index information (LID) 515 indicating the scalable extension type of the encoded image among the combination of the plurality of scalable extension types included in the scalable extension type information table
  • the reception unit 1010 determines one of the plurality of scalable extension type tables according to the value of the table index information (SET) 514, and one of the scalable extension type tables determined using the layer index information (LID) 515. Determines the combination of scalable extension types.
  • the NAL unit including scalable extension type information includes combined scalable index information (SET) 704 and a plurality of sub-layer index information (Sub-LID0, Sub-LID1) (
  • the receiver 1010 includes a plurality of sub-layer index information (Sub-LID0 and Sub-LID1) 705 and 706 based on the value of the combined scalable index information (SET) 704.
  • the decoder 1020 decodes an image encoded according to the acquired scalable extension type, and outputs a scalable reconstructed image. That is, the decoder 1020 decodes the bitstream and reconstructs and outputs different spatio-temporal resolution, image quality, and hierarchical images of different views.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a scalable video decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the receiver 1010 receives and parses a bitstream of an encoded image to obtain a scalable extension type of an encoded image among a plurality of scalable extension types.
  • the receiver 1010 obtains an NAL unit including scalable extension type information, parses an NAL unit including scalable extension type information, and displays an image currently decoded. It is possible to determine what scalability the image has. If the NAL unit includes scalable extension type information as shown in FIG. 5, the receiver 1010 may select one of the plurality of scalable extension type tables according to the value of the table index information (SET) 514. A combination of one scalable extension type in the scalable extension type table is determined by using the layer index information (LID) 515.
  • LID layer index information
  • the receiver 1010 receives a plurality of sub-layer indexes based on the values of the combined scalable index information (SET) 704. Determines which scalable extension type among the plurality of scalable extension types the information (Sub-LID0, Sub-LID1) 705 and 706, and the plurality of sub-layer index information (Sub-LID0 and Sub-LID1). (705, 706) Determines the specific scalable extension type mapped according to each value.
  • SET combined scalable index information
  • the scalable video encoding apparatus 100 and the scalable video decoding apparatus 1000 may perform encoding and decoding based on coding units having a tree structure instead of the conventional macroblock. .
  • FIGS. 12 to 24 a video encoding method and apparatus for performing predictive encoding on a prediction unit and a partition based on coding units having a tree structure, and a video decoding method and apparatus for performing predictive decoding will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 24.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a video encoding apparatus involving video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 including video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure may include a maximum coding unit splitter 110, a coding unit determiner 120, and an outputter 130.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 that includes video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure is abbreviated as “video encoding apparatus 100”.
  • the maximum coding unit splitter 110 may partition the current picture based on the maximum coding unit that is a coding unit of the maximum size for the current picture of the image. If the current picture is larger than the maximum coding unit, image data of the current picture may be split into at least one maximum coding unit.
  • the maximum coding unit may be a data unit having a size of 32x32, 64x64, 128x128, 256x256, or the like, and may be a square data unit having a square of two horizontal and vertical sizes.
  • the image data may be output to the coding unit determiner 120 for at least one maximum coding unit.
  • the coding unit according to an embodiment may be characterized by a maximum size and depth.
  • the depth indicates the number of times the coding unit is spatially divided from the maximum coding unit, and as the depth increases, the coding unit for each depth may be split from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
  • the depth of the largest coding unit is the highest depth and the minimum coding unit may be defined as the lowest coding unit.
  • the maximum coding unit decreases as the depth increases, the size of the coding unit for each depth decreases, and thus, the coding unit of the higher depth may include coding units of a plurality of lower depths.
  • the image data of the current picture may be divided into maximum coding units according to the maximum size of the coding unit, and each maximum coding unit may include coding units divided by depths. Since the maximum coding unit is divided according to depths, image data of a spatial domain included in the maximum coding unit may be hierarchically classified according to depths.
  • the maximum depth and the maximum size of the coding unit that limit the total number of times of hierarchically dividing the height and the width of the maximum coding unit may be preset.
  • the coding unit determiner 120 encodes at least one divided region obtained by dividing the region of the largest coding unit for each depth, and determines a depth at which the final encoding result is output for each of the at least one divided region. That is, the coding unit determiner 120 encodes the image data in coding units according to depths for each maximum coding unit of the current picture, and selects a depth at which the smallest coding error occurs to determine the coding depth. The determined coded depth and the image data for each maximum coding unit are output to the outputter 130.
  • Image data in the largest coding unit is encoded based on coding units according to depths according to at least one depth less than or equal to the maximum depth, and encoding results based on the coding units for each depth are compared. As a result of comparing the encoding error of the coding units according to depths, a depth having the smallest encoding error may be selected. At least one coding depth may be determined for each maximum coding unit.
  • the coding unit is divided into hierarchically and the number of coding units increases.
  • a coding error of each data is measured, and whether or not division into a lower depth is determined. Therefore, even in the data included in one largest coding unit, since the encoding error for each depth is different according to the position, the coding depth may be differently determined according to the position. Accordingly, one or more coding depths may be set for one maximum coding unit, and data of the maximum coding unit may be partitioned according to coding units of one or more coding depths.
  • the coding unit determiner 120 may determine coding units having a tree structure included in the current maximum coding unit.
  • the coding units having a tree structure according to an embodiment include coding units having a depth determined as a coding depth among all deeper coding units included in the maximum coding unit.
  • the coding unit of the coding depth may be hierarchically determined according to the depth in the same region within the maximum coding unit, and may be independently determined for the other regions.
  • the coded depth for the current region may be determined independently of the coded depth for the other region.
  • the maximum depth according to an embodiment is an index related to the number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
  • the first maximum depth according to an embodiment may represent the total number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
  • the second maximum depth according to an embodiment may represent the total number of depth levels from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit. For example, when the depth of the largest coding unit is 0, the depth of the coding unit obtained by dividing the largest coding unit once may be set to 1, and the depth of the coding unit divided twice may be set to 2. In this case, if the coding unit divided four times from the maximum coding unit is the minimum coding unit, since depth levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 exist, the first maximum depth is set to 4 and the second maximum depth is set to 5. Can be.
  • Prediction encoding and transformation of the largest coding unit may be performed. Similarly, prediction encoding and transformation are performed based on depth-wise coding units for each maximum coding unit and for each depth below the maximum depth.
  • encoding including prediction encoding and transformation should be performed on all the coding units for each depth generated as the depth deepens.
  • prediction encoding and transformation will be described based on coding units of a current depth among at least one maximum coding unit.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 may variously select a size or shape of a data unit for encoding image data. Precoding encoding, transformation, and entropy encoding are performed to encode the image data.
  • the same data unit may be used in all stages, or the data unit may be changed in stages.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 may select not only a coding unit for encoding the image data, but also a data unit different from the coding unit in order to perform prediction encoding on the image data of the coding unit.
  • prediction encoding may be performed based on a coding unit of a coding depth, that is, a more strange undivided coding unit, according to an embodiment.
  • a more strange undivided coding unit on which prediction encoding is based is referred to as a 'prediction unit'.
  • the partition in which the prediction unit is divided may include a data unit in which at least one of the prediction unit and the height and the width of the prediction unit are divided.
  • the partition may be a data unit in which the prediction unit of the coding unit is split, and the prediction unit may be a partition having the same size as the coding unit.
  • the partition type includes not only symmetric partitions in which the height or width of the prediction unit is divided by a symmetrical ratio, but also partitions divided in an asymmetrical ratio, such as 1: n or n: 1, by a geometric form. It may optionally include partitioned partitions, arbitrary types of partitions, and the like.
  • the prediction mode of the prediction unit may be at least one of an intra mode, an inter mode, and a skip mode.
  • the intra mode and the inter mode may be performed on partitions having sizes of 2N ⁇ 2N, 2N ⁇ N, N ⁇ 2N, and N ⁇ N.
  • the skip mode may be performed only for partitions having a size of 2N ⁇ 2N.
  • the encoding may be performed independently for each prediction unit within the coding unit to select a prediction mode having the smallest encoding error.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 may perform conversion of image data of a coding unit based on not only a coding unit for encoding image data, but also a data unit different from the coding unit.
  • the transformation may be performed based on a transformation unit having a size smaller than or equal to the coding unit.
  • the transformation unit may include a data unit for intra mode and a transformation unit for inter mode.
  • the transformation unit in the coding unit is also recursively divided into smaller transformation units, so that the residual data of the coding unit is determined according to the tree structure according to the transformation depth. Can be partitioned according to the conversion unit.
  • a transform depth indicating a number of divisions between the height and the width of the coding unit divided to the transform unit may be set. For example, if the size of the transform unit of the current coding unit of size 2Nx2N is 2Nx2N, the transform depth is 0, the transform depth 1 if the size of the transform unit is NxN, and the transform depth 2 if the size of the transform unit is N / 2xN / 2. Can be. That is, the transformation unit having a tree structure may also be set for the transformation unit according to the transformation depth.
  • the encoded information for each coded depth requires not only the coded depth but also prediction related information and transformation related information. Accordingly, the coding unit determiner 120 may determine not only the coded depth that generated the minimum coding error, but also a partition type obtained by dividing a prediction unit into partitions, a prediction mode for each prediction unit, and a size of a transformation unit for transformation.
  • a method of determining a coding unit, a prediction unit / partition, and a transformation unit according to a tree structure of a maximum coding unit according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 17 to 24.
  • the coding unit determiner 120 may measure a coding error of coding units according to depths using a Lagrangian Multiplier-based rate-distortion optimization technique.
  • the output unit 130 outputs the image data of the maximum coding unit encoded based on the at least one coded depth determined by the coding unit determiner 120 and the information about the encoding modes according to depths in the form of a bit stream.
  • the encoded image data may be a result of encoding residual data of the image.
  • the information about the encoding modes according to depths may include encoding depth information, partition type information of a prediction unit, prediction mode information, size information of a transformation unit, and the like.
  • the coded depth information may be defined using depth-specific segmentation information indicating whether to encode to a coding unit of a lower depth without encoding to the current depth. If the current depth of the current coding unit is a coding depth, since the current coding unit is encoded in a coding unit of the current depth, split information of the current depth may be defined so that it is no longer divided into lower depths. On the contrary, if the current depth of the current coding unit is not the coding depth, encoding should be attempted using the coding unit of the lower depth, and thus split information of the current depth may be defined to be divided into coding units of the lower depth.
  • encoding is performed on the coding unit divided into the coding units of the lower depth. Since at least one coding unit of a lower depth exists in the coding unit of the current depth, encoding may be repeatedly performed for each coding unit of each lower depth, and recursive coding may be performed for each coding unit of the same depth.
  • coding units having a tree structure are determined in one largest coding unit and information about at least one coding mode should be determined for each coding unit of a coding depth, information about at least one coding mode may be determined for one maximum coding unit. Can be.
  • the coding depth may be different for each location, and thus information about the coded depth and the coding mode may be set for the data.
  • the output unit 130 may allocate encoding information about a corresponding coding depth and an encoding mode to at least one of a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a minimum unit included in the maximum coding unit. .
  • the minimum unit according to an embodiment is a square data unit having a size obtained by dividing a minimum coding unit, which is a lowest coding depth, into four divisions.
  • the minimum unit according to an embodiment may be a square data unit having a maximum size that may be included in all coding units, prediction units, partition units, and transformation units included in the maximum coding unit.
  • the encoding information output through the output unit 130 may be classified into encoding information according to depth coding units and encoding information according to prediction units.
  • the encoding information for each coding unit according to depth may include prediction mode information and partition size information.
  • the encoding information transmitted for each prediction unit includes information about an estimation direction of the inter mode, information about a reference image index of the inter mode, information about a motion vector, information about a chroma component of an intra mode, and information about an inter mode of an intra mode. And the like.
  • Information about the maximum size and information about the maximum depth of the coding unit defined for each picture, slice, or GOP may be inserted into a header, a sequence parameter set, or a picture parameter set of the bitstream.
  • the information on the maximum size of the transform unit and the minimum size of the transform unit allowed for the current video may also be output through a header, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, or the like of the bitstream.
  • the output unit 130 may encode and output information regarding the scalability of the coding unit described above with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8.
  • a coding unit according to depths is a coding unit having a size in which a height and a width of a coding unit of one layer higher depth are divided by half. That is, if the size of the coding unit of the current depth is 2Nx2N, the size of the coding unit of the lower depth is NxN.
  • the current coding unit having a size of 2N ⁇ 2N may include up to four lower depth coding units having a size of N ⁇ N.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 determines a coding unit having an optimal shape and size for each maximum coding unit based on the size and the maximum depth of the maximum coding unit determined in consideration of the characteristics of the current picture. Coding units may be configured. In addition, since each of the maximum coding units may be encoded in various prediction modes and transformation methods, an optimal coding mode may be determined in consideration of image characteristics of coding units having various image sizes.
  • the video encoding apparatus may adjust the coding unit in consideration of the image characteristics while increasing the maximum size of the coding unit in consideration of the size of the image, thereby increasing image compression efficiency.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a video decoding apparatus including video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a video decoding apparatus 200 including video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure includes a receiver 210, image data and encoding information extractor 220, and image data decoder 230. do.
  • the video decoding apparatus 200 that includes video prediction based on coding units having a tree structure is abbreviated as “video decoding apparatus 200”.
  • Definition of various terms such as a coding unit, a depth, a prediction unit, a transformation unit, and information about various encoding modes for a decoding operation of the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment may be described with reference to FIG. 12 and the video encoding apparatus 100. Same as described above with reference.
  • the receiver 210 receives and parses a bitstream of an encoded video.
  • the image data and encoding information extractor 220 extracts image data encoded for each coding unit from the parsed bitstream according to coding units having a tree structure for each maximum coding unit, and outputs the encoded image data to the image data decoder 230.
  • the image data and encoding information extractor 220 may extract information about a maximum size of a coding unit of the current picture from a header, a sequence parameter set, or a picture parameter set for the current picture.
  • the image data and encoding information extractor 220 extracts information about a coded depth and an encoding mode for the coding units having a tree structure for each maximum coding unit, from the parsed bitstream.
  • the extracted information about the coded depth and the coding mode is output to the image data decoder 230. That is, the image data of the bit string may be divided into maximum coding units so that the image data decoder 230 may decode the image data for each maximum coding unit.
  • the information about the coded depth and the encoding mode for each largest coding unit may be set with respect to one or more coded depth information, and the information about the coding mode according to the coded depths may include partition type information, prediction mode information, and transformation unit of the corresponding coding unit. May include size information and the like.
  • split information for each depth may be extracted as the coded depth information.
  • the information about the coded depth and the encoding mode according to the maximum coding units extracted by the image data and the encoding information extractor 220 may be encoded according to the depth according to the maximum coding unit, as in the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment.
  • the image data and the encoding information extractor 220 may determine the predetermined data.
  • Information about a coded depth and an encoding mode may be extracted for each unit. If the information about the coded depth and the coding mode of the maximum coding unit is recorded for each of the predetermined data units, the predetermined data units having the information about the same coded depth and the coding mode are inferred as data units included in the same maximum coding unit. Can be.
  • the image data decoder 230 reconstructs the current picture by decoding image data of each maximum coding unit based on the information about the coded depth and the encoding mode for each maximum coding unit. That is, the image data decoder 230 may decode the encoded image data based on the read partition type, the prediction mode, and the transformation unit for each coding unit among the coding units having the tree structure included in the maximum coding unit. Can be.
  • the decoding process may include a prediction process including intra prediction and motion compensation, and an inverse transform process.
  • the image data decoder 230 may perform intra prediction or motion compensation according to each partition and prediction mode for each coding unit based on partition type information and prediction mode information of the prediction unit of the coding unit for each coding depth. .
  • the image data decoder 230 may read transform unit information having a tree structure for each coding unit, and perform inverse transform based on the transformation unit for each coding unit, for inverse transformation for each largest coding unit. Through inverse transformation, the pixel value of the spatial region of the coding unit may be restored.
  • the image data decoder 230 may determine the coded depth of the current maximum coding unit by using the split information for each depth. If the split information indicates that the split information is no longer split at the current depth, the current depth is the coded depth. Therefore, the image data decoder 230 may decode the coding unit of the current depth using the partition type, the prediction mode, and the transformation unit size information of the prediction unit with respect to the image data of the current maximum coding unit.
  • the image data decoder 230 It may be regarded as one data unit to be decoded in the same encoding mode.
  • the decoding of the current coding unit may be performed by obtaining information about an encoding mode for each coding unit determined in this way.
  • the video decoding apparatus 200 may obtain information about a coding unit that generates a minimum coding error by recursively encoding each maximum coding unit in an encoding process, and use the same to decode the current picture. That is, decoding of encoded image data of coding units having a tree structure determined as an optimal coding unit for each maximum coding unit can be performed.
  • the image data can be efficiently used according to the coding unit size and the encoding mode that are adaptively determined according to the characteristics of the image by using the information about the optimum encoding mode transmitted from the encoding end. Can be decoded and restored.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a concept of coding units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a size of a coding unit may be expressed by a width x height, and may include 32x32, 16x16, and 8x8 from a coding unit having a size of 64x64.
  • Coding units of size 64x64 may be partitioned into partitions of size 64x64, 64x32, 32x64, and 32x32, coding units of size 32x32 are partitions of size 32x32, 32x16, 16x32, and 16x16, and coding units of size 16x16 are 16x16.
  • Coding units of size 8x8 may be divided into partitions of size 8x8, 8x4, 4x8, and 4x4, into partitions of 16x8, 8x16, and 8x8.
  • the resolution is set to 1920x1080, the maximum size of the coding unit is 64, and the maximum depth is 2.
  • the resolution is set to 1920x1080, the maximum size of the coding unit is 64, and the maximum depth is 3.
  • the resolution is set to 352x288, the maximum size of the coding unit is 16, and the maximum depth is 1.
  • the maximum depth illustrated in FIG. 9 represents the total number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit.
  • the maximum size of the coding size is relatively large not only to improve the coding efficiency but also to accurately shape the image characteristics. Accordingly, the video data 310 or 320 having a higher resolution than the video data 330 may be selected to have a maximum size of 64.
  • the coding unit 315 of the video data 310 is divided twice from a maximum coding unit having a long axis size of 64, and the depth is deepened by two layers, so that the long axis size is 32, 16. Up to coding units may be included.
  • the coding unit 335 of the video data 330 is divided once from coding units having a long axis size of 16, and the depth is deepened by one layer to increase the long axis size to 8. Up to coding units may be included.
  • the coding unit 325 of the video data 320 is divided three times from the largest coding unit having a long axis size of 64, and the depth is three layers deep, so that the long axis size is 32, 16. , Up to 8 coding units may be included. As the depth increases, the expressive power of the detailed information may be improved.
  • 15 is a block diagram of an image encoder based on coding units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the image encoder 400 includes operations performed by the encoding unit determiner 120 of the video encoding apparatus 100 to encode image data. That is, the intra predictor 410 performs intra prediction on the coding unit of the intra mode among the current frame 405, and the motion estimator 420 and the motion compensator 425 are the current frame 405 of the inter mode. And the inter frame estimation and the motion compensation using the reference frame 495.
  • Data output from the intra predictor 410, the motion estimator 420, and the motion compensator 425 is output as a quantized transform coefficient through the transform unit 430 and the quantization unit 440.
  • the quantized transform coefficients are restored to the data of the spatial domain through the inverse quantizer 460 and the inverse transformer 470, and the recovered data of the spatial domain is passed through the deblocking block 480 and the loop filtering unit 490. Processed and output to the reference frame 495.
  • the quantized transform coefficients may be output to the bitstream 455 via the entropy encoder 450.
  • an intra predictor 410, a motion estimator 420, a motion compensator 425, and a transformer are all maximal per maximum coding unit.
  • the operation based on each coding unit among the coding units having a tree structure should be performed.
  • the intra predictor 410, the motion estimator 420, and the motion compensator 425 partition each coding unit among coding units having a tree structure in consideration of the maximum size and the maximum depth of the current maximum coding unit.
  • a prediction mode, and the transform unit 430 should determine the size of a transform unit in each coding unit among the coding units having a tree structure.
  • 16 is a block diagram of an image decoder based on coding units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bitstream 505 is parsed through the parsing unit 510, and the encoded image data to be decoded and information about encoding necessary for decoding are parsed.
  • the encoded image data is output as inverse quantized data through the entropy decoding unit 520 and the inverse quantization unit 530, and the image data of the spatial domain is restored through the inverse transformation unit 540.
  • the intra prediction unit 550 performs intra prediction on the coding unit of the intra mode, and the motion compensator 560 uses the reference frame 585 together to apply the coding unit of the inter mode. Perform motion compensation for the
  • Data in the spatial domain that has passed through the intra predictor 550 and the motion compensator 560 may be post-processed through the deblocking unit 570 and the loop filtering unit 580 to be output to the reconstructed frame 595.
  • the post-processed data through the deblocking unit 570 and the loop filtering unit 580 may be output as the reference frame 585.
  • step-by-step operations after the parser 510 of the image decoder 500 may be performed.
  • the parser 510, the entropy decoder 520, the inverse quantizer 530, and the inverse transform unit 540 which are components of the image decoder 500, may be used.
  • the intra predictor 550, the motion compensator 560, the deblocking unit 570, and the loop filtering unit 580 must all perform operations based on coding units having a tree structure for each maximum coding unit. do.
  • the intra predictor 550 and the motion compensator 560 determine partitions and prediction modes for each coding unit having a tree structure, and the inverse transform unit 540 must determine the size of the transform unit for each coding unit. .
  • 17 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, and partitions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment and the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment use hierarchical coding units to consider image characteristics.
  • the maximum height, width, and maximum depth of the coding unit may be adaptively determined according to the characteristics of the image, and may be variously set according to a user's request. According to the maximum size of the preset coding unit, the size of the coding unit for each depth may be determined.
  • the hierarchical structure 600 of a coding unit illustrates a case in which a maximum height and a width of a coding unit are 64 and a maximum depth is four.
  • the maximum depth indicates the total number of divisions from the maximum coding unit to the minimum coding unit. Since the depth deepens along the vertical axis of the hierarchical structure 600 of the coding unit according to an embodiment, the height and the width of the coding unit for each depth are divided. Also, a prediction unit and a partition on which the prediction encoding of each deeper coding unit is based on the horizontal axis of the hierarchical structure 600 of the coding unit are shown.
  • the coding unit 610 has a depth of 0 as the largest coding unit of the hierarchical structure 600 of the coding unit, and the size, ie, the height and width, of the coding unit is 64x64.
  • the depth is deeper along the vertical axis, the coding unit 620 of depth 1 having a size of 32x32, the coding unit 630 of depth 2 having a size of 16x16, the coding unit 640 of depth 3 having a size of 8x8, and the depth 4 of depth 4x4.
  • the coding unit 650 exists.
  • a coding unit 650 having a depth of 4 having a size of 4 ⁇ 4 is a minimum coding unit.
  • Prediction units and partitions of the coding unit are arranged along the horizontal axis for each depth. That is, if the coding unit 610 of size 64x64 having a depth of zero is a prediction unit, the prediction unit may include a partition 610 of size 64x64, partitions 612 of size 64x32, and size included in the coding unit 610 of size 64x64. 32x64 partitions 614, 32x32 partitions 616.
  • the prediction unit of the coding unit 620 having a size of 32x32 having a depth of 1 includes a partition 620 of size 32x32, partitions 622 of size 32x16 and a partition of size 16x32 included in the coding unit 620 of size 32x32. 624, partitions 626 of size 16x16.
  • the prediction unit of the coding unit 640 of size 8x8 having a depth of 3 includes a partition 640 of size 8x8, partitions 642 of size 8x4 and a partition of size 4x8 included in the coding unit 640 of size 8x8. 644, partitions 646 of size 4x4.
  • the coding unit 650 of size 4x4 having a depth of 4 is the minimum coding unit and the coding unit of the lowest depth, and the corresponding prediction unit may also be set only as the partition 650 having a size of 4x4.
  • the coding unit determiner 120 of the video encoding apparatus 100 may determine a coding depth of the maximum coding unit 610.
  • the number of deeper coding units according to depths for including data having the same range and size increases as the depth increases. For example, four coding units of depth 2 are required for data included in one coding unit of depth 1. Therefore, in order to compare the encoding results of the same data for each depth, each of the coding units having one depth 1 and four coding units having four depths 2 should be encoded.
  • encoding may be performed for each prediction unit of a coding unit according to depths along a horizontal axis of the hierarchical structure 600 of the coding unit, and a representative coding error, which is the smallest coding error at a corresponding depth, may be selected. .
  • a depth deeper along the vertical axis of the hierarchical structure 600 of the coding unit the encoding may be performed for each depth, and the minimum coding error may be searched by comparing the representative coding error for each depth.
  • the depth and the partition in which the minimum coding error occurs in the maximum coding unit 610 may be selected as the coding depth and the partition type of the maximum coding unit 610.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a relationship between a coding unit and transformation units, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 encodes or decodes an image in coding units having a size smaller than or equal to the maximum coding unit for each maximum coding unit.
  • the size of a transformation unit for transformation in the encoding process may be selected based on a data unit that is not larger than each coding unit.
  • the 32x32 size conversion unit 720 is The conversion can be performed.
  • the data of the 64x64 coding unit 710 is transformed into 32x32, 16x16, 8x8, and 4x4 transform units of 64x64 size or less, and then encoded, and the transform unit having the least error with the original is selected. Can be.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates encoding information according to depths, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output unit 130 of the video encoding apparatus 100 is information about an encoding mode, and information about a partition type 800 and information 810 about a prediction mode for each coding unit of each coded depth.
  • the information 820 about the size of the transformation unit may be encoded and transmitted.
  • the information about the partition type 800 is a data unit for prediction encoding of the current coding unit and indicates information about a partition type in which the prediction unit of the current coding unit is divided.
  • the current coding unit CU_0 of size 2Nx2N may be any one of a partition 802 of size 2Nx2N, a partition 804 of size 2NxN, a partition 806 of size Nx2N, and a partition 808 of size NxN. It can be divided and used.
  • the information 800 about the partition type of the current coding unit represents one of a partition 802 of size 2Nx2N, a partition 804 of size 2NxN, a partition 806 of size Nx2N, and a partition 808 of size NxN. It is set to.
  • Information 810 relating to the prediction mode indicates the prediction mode of each partition. For example, through the information 810 about the prediction mode, whether the partition indicated by the information 800 about the partition type is predictive encoding is performed in one of the intra mode 812, the inter mode 814, and the skip mode 816. Whether or not can be set.
  • the information about the transform unit size 820 indicates whether to transform the current coding unit based on the transform unit.
  • the transform unit may be one of a first intra transform unit size 822, a second intra transform unit size 824, a first inter transform unit size 826, and a second intra transform unit size 828. have.
  • the image data and encoding information extractor 210 of the video decoding apparatus 200 may include information about a partition type 800, information 810 about a prediction mode, and transformation for each depth-based coding unit. Information 820 about the unit size may be extracted and used for decoding.
  • 20 is a diagram of deeper coding units according to depths, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Segmentation information may be used to indicate a change in depth.
  • the split information indicates whether a coding unit of a current depth is split into coding units of a lower depth.
  • the prediction unit 910 for predictive encoding of the coding unit 900 having depth 0 and 2N_0x2N_0 size includes a partition type 912 of 2N_0x2N_0 size, a partition type 914 of 2N_0xN_0 size, a partition type 916 of N_0x2N_0 size, and N_0xN_0 It may include a partition type 918 of size. Although only partitions 912, 914, 916, and 918 in which the prediction unit is divided by a symmetrical ratio are illustrated, as described above, the partition type is not limited thereto, and asymmetric partitions, arbitrary partitions, geometric partitions, and the like. It may include.
  • predictive coding For each partition type, predictive coding must be performed repeatedly for one 2N_0x2N_0 partition, two 2N_0xN_0 partitions, two N_0x2N_0 partitions, and four N_0xN_0 partitions.
  • Prediction encoding may be performed in intra mode and inter mode on partitions having a size 2N_0x2N_0, a size N_0x2N_0 and a size 2N_0xN_0, and a size N_0xN_0.
  • the skip mode may be performed only for predictive encoding on partitions having a size of 2N_0x2N_0.
  • the depth 0 is changed to 1 and split (920), and the encoding is repeatedly performed on the depth 2 and the coding units 930 of the partition type having the size N_0xN_0.
  • the depth 1 is changed to the depth 2 and divided (950), and repeatedly for the depth 2 and the coding units 960 of the size N_2xN_2.
  • the encoding may be performed to search for a minimum encoding error.
  • depth-based coding units may be set until depth d-1, and split information may be set up to depth d-2. That is, when encoding is performed from the depth d-2 to the depth d-1 to the depth d-1, the prediction encoding of the coding unit 980 of the depth d-1 and the size 2N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1)
  • the prediction unit for 990 is a partition type 992 of size 2N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1), partition type 994 of size 2N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1), size A partition type 996 of N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1) and a partition type 998 of size N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1) may be included.
  • partition types one partition 2N_ (d-1) x2N_ (d-1), two partitions 2N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1), two sizes N_ (d-1) x2N_
  • a partition type for generating a minimum encoding error may be searched.
  • the coding unit CU_ (d-1) of the depth d-1 is no longer
  • the encoding depth of the current maximum coding unit 900 may be determined as the depth d-1, and the partition type may be determined as N_ (d-1) xN_ (d-1) without going through a division process into lower depths.
  • split information is not set for the coding unit 952 having the depth d-1.
  • the data unit 999 may be referred to as a 'minimum unit' for the current maximum coding unit.
  • the minimum unit may be a square data unit having a size obtained by dividing the minimum coding unit, which is the lowest coding depth, into four divisions.
  • the video encoding apparatus 100 compares the encoding errors for each depth of the coding unit 900, selects a depth at which the smallest encoding error occurs, and determines a coding depth.
  • the partition type and the prediction mode may be set to the encoding mode of the coded depth.
  • the depth with the smallest error can be determined by comparing the minimum coding errors for all depths of depths 0, 1, ..., d-1, d, and can be determined as the coding depth.
  • the coded depth, the partition type of the prediction unit, and the prediction mode may be encoded and transmitted as information about an encoding mode.
  • the coding unit since the coding unit must be split from the depth 0 to the coded depth, only the split information of the coded depth is set to '0', and the split information for each depth except the coded depth should be set to '1'.
  • the image data and encoding information extractor 220 of the video decoding apparatus 200 may extract information about a coding depth and a prediction unit for the coding unit 900 and use the same to decode the coding unit 912. Can be.
  • the video decoding apparatus 200 may identify a depth having split information of '0' as a coding depth using split information according to depths, and may use it for decoding by using information about an encoding mode for a corresponding depth. have.
  • 21, 22, and 23 illustrate a relationship between a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a transformation unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coding units 1010 are coding units according to coding depths determined by the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment with respect to the maximum coding unit.
  • the prediction unit 1060 is partitions of prediction units of each coding depth of each coding depth among the coding units 1010, and the transformation unit 1070 is transformation units of each coding depth for each coding depth.
  • the depth-based coding units 1010 have a depth of 0
  • the coding units 1012 and 1054 have a depth of 1
  • the coding units 1014, 1016, 1018, 1028, 1050, and 1052 have depths.
  • coding units 1020, 1022, 1024, 1026, 1030, 1032, and 1048 have a depth of three
  • coding units 1040, 1042, 1044, and 1046 have a depth of four.
  • partitions 1014, 1016, 1022, 1032, 1048, 1050, 1052, and 1054 of the prediction units 1060 are obtained by splitting coding units. That is, partitions 1014, 1022, 1050, and 1054 are partition types of 2NxN, partitions 1016, 1048, and 1052 are partition types of Nx2N, and partitions 1032 are partition types of NxN. Prediction units and partitions of the coding units 1010 according to depths are smaller than or equal to each coding unit.
  • the image data of the part 1052 of the transformation units 1070 is transformed or inversely transformed into a data unit having a smaller size than the coding unit.
  • the transformation units 1014, 1016, 1022, 1032, 1048, 1050, 1052, and 1054 are data units having different sizes or shapes when compared to corresponding prediction units and partitions among the prediction units 1060. That is, the video encoding apparatus 100 according to an embodiment and the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment may be intra prediction / motion estimation / motion compensation operations and transform / inverse transform operations for the same coding unit. Each can be performed on a separate data unit.
  • coding is performed recursively for each coding unit having a hierarchical structure for each largest coding unit to determine an optimal coding unit.
  • coding units having a recursive tree structure may be configured.
  • the encoding information may include split information about a coding unit, partition type information, prediction mode information, and transformation unit size information. Table 2 below shows an example that can be set in the video encoding apparatus 100 and the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment.
  • Segmentation information 0 (coding for coding units of size 2Nx2N of current depth d) Split information 1 Prediction mode Partition type Transformation unit size Iterative coding for each coding unit of lower depth d + 1 Intra interskip (2Nx2N only) Symmetric Partition Type Asymmetric Partition Type Conversion unit split information 0 Conversion unit split information 1 2Nx2N2NxNNx2NNxN 2NxnU2NxnDnLx2NnRx2N 2Nx2N NxN (symmetric partition type) N / 2xN / 2 (asymmetric partition type)
  • the output unit 130 of the video encoding apparatus 100 outputs encoding information about coding units having a tree structure
  • the encoding information extraction unit of the video decoding apparatus 200 according to an embodiment 220 may extract encoding information about coding units having a tree structure from the received bitstream.
  • the split information indicates whether the current coding unit is split into coding units of a lower depth. If the split information of the current depth d is 0, partition type information, prediction mode, and transform unit size information are defined for the coded depth because the depth in which the current coding unit is no longer divided into the lower coding units is a coded depth. Can be. If it is to be further split by the split information, encoding should be performed independently for each coding unit of the divided four lower depths.
  • the prediction mode may be represented by one of an intra mode, an inter mode, and a skip mode.
  • Intra mode and inter mode can be defined in all partition types, and skip mode can be defined only in partition type 2Nx2N.
  • the partition type information indicates the symmetric partition types 2Nx2N, 2NxN, Nx2N, and NxN, in which the height or width of the prediction unit is divided by the symmetric ratio, and the asymmetric partition types 2NxnU, 2NxnD, nLx2N, nRx2N, which are divided by the asymmetric ratio.
  • the asymmetric partition types 2NxnU and 2NxnD are divided into heights 1: 3 and 3: 1, respectively, and the asymmetric partition types nLx2N and nRx2N are divided into 1: 3 and 3: 1 widths, respectively.
  • the conversion unit size may be set to two kinds of sizes in the intra mode and two kinds of sizes in the inter mode. That is, if the transformation unit split information is 0, the size of the transformation unit is set to the size 2Nx2N of the current coding unit. If the transform unit split information is 1, a transform unit having a size obtained by dividing the current coding unit may be set. In addition, if the partition type for the current coding unit having a size of 2Nx2N is a symmetric partition type, the size of the transform unit may be set to NxN, and if the asymmetric partition type is N / 2xN / 2.
  • Encoding information of coding units having a tree structure may be allocated to at least one of a coding unit, a prediction unit, and a minimum unit unit of a coding depth.
  • the coding unit of the coding depth may include at least one prediction unit and at least one minimum unit having the same encoding information.
  • the encoding information held by each adjacent data unit is checked, it may be determined whether the adjacent data units are included in the coding unit having the same coding depth.
  • the coding unit of the corresponding coding depth may be identified by using the encoding information held by the data unit, the distribution of the coded depths within the maximum coding unit may be inferred.
  • the encoding information of the data unit in the depth-specific coding unit adjacent to the current coding unit may be directly referred to and used.
  • data adjacent to the current coding unit in a coding unit according to depths may be stored by using encoding information of an adjacent coding unit according to depths.
  • the peripheral coding unit may be referred to by searching.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a relationship between coding units, prediction units, and transformation units, according to encoding mode information of Table 2.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a relationship between coding units, prediction units, and transformation units, according to encoding mode information of Table 2.
  • the maximum coding unit 1300 includes coding units 1302, 1304, 1306, 1312, 1314, 1316, and 1318 of a coded depth. Since one coding unit 1318 is a coding unit of a coded depth, split information may be set to zero.
  • the partition type information of the coding unit 1318 having a size of 2Nx2N is partition type 2Nx2N 1322, 2NxN 1324, Nx2N 1326, NxN 1328, 2NxnU 1332, 2NxnD 1334, nLx2N (1336). And nRx2N 1338.
  • the transform unit split information (TU size flag) is a type of transform index, and a size of a transform unit corresponding to the transform index may be changed according to a prediction unit type or a partition type of a coding unit.
  • the partition type information is set to one of the symmetric partition types 2Nx2N 1322, 2NxN 1324, Nx2N 1326, and NxN 1328
  • the conversion unit partition information is 0, a conversion unit of size 2Nx2N ( 1342 is set, and if the transform unit split information is 1, a transform unit 1344 of size NxN may be set.
  • the partition type information is set to one of the asymmetric partition types 2NxnU (1332), 2NxnD (1334), nLx2N (1336), and nRx2N (1338), if the conversion unit partition information (TU size flag) is 0, a conversion unit of size 2Nx2N ( 1352 is set, and if the transform unit split information is 1, a transform unit 1354 of size N / 2 ⁇ N / 2 may be set.
  • any flow chart, flow chart, state diagram, pseudocode, etc. may be substantially represented on a computer readable medium, such that the computer or processor may be executed by such a computer or processor whether or not it is explicitly shown. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art to represent the process. Accordingly, the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be written in a computer executable program, and can be implemented in a general-purpose digital computer operating the program using a computer readable recording medium.
  • the computer-readable recording medium may include a storage medium such as a magnetic storage medium (eg, a ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, etc.) and an optical reading medium (eg, a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc.).
  • a storage medium such as a magnetic storage medium (eg, a ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, etc.) and an optical reading medium (eg, a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc.).
  • processor or “control unit” should not be construed as exclusively referring to hardware capable of executing software, and without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, read-only for storing software. Memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • an element represented as a means for performing a specific function encompasses any way of performing a specific function, and the element may be a combination of circuit elements performing a specific function, or performing a specific function. It may include any form of software, including firmware, microcode, etc., coupled with suitable circuitry to carry out the software for.
  • the expression 'at least one of' means only the selection of the first option (A), or only the selection of the second listed option (B), or both. It is used to cover the selection of options (A and B).
  • the expression 'at least one of' means only the selection of the first option (A), or only the selection of the second listed option (B), or both. It is used to cover the selection of options (A and B).
  • only the selection of the first listed option (A), or the selection of the second listed option (B), or the third listed option (C ) Only the selection of the first and second listed options (A and B), only the selection of the second and third listed options (B and C), or the selection of all three options ( A, B, and C) may be encompassed. Even more items may be enumerated and obviously interpreted to those skilled in the art.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de codage vidéo évolutif et un procédé et un appareil de décodage vidéo évolutif. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le procédé de codage vidéo évolutif implique l'addition, à un flux binaire, d'informations de type d'extension évolutive comprenant des informations d'indice de table représentant l'une de plusieurs tables d'informations de type d'extension évolutive et des informations d'indice de couche représentant les types d'extension évolutive d'images codées parmi des combinaisons de plusieurs types d'extension évolutive qui sont compris dans les tables d'informations de type d'extension évolutive.
PCT/KR2013/001973 2012-03-12 2013-03-12 Procédé et appareil de codage vidéo évolutif et procédé et appareil de décodage vidéo évolutif WO2013137618A1 (fr)

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US14/384,992 US20150023432A1 (en) 2012-03-12 2013-03-12 Scalable video-encoding method and apparatus, and scalable video-decoding method and apparatus

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US201261609503P 2012-03-12 2012-03-12
US61/609,503 2012-03-12
KR1020120044670A KR102047492B1 (ko) 2012-03-12 2012-04-27 스케일러블 비디오 부호화 방법 및 장치, 스케일러블 비디오 복호화 방법 및 장치
KR10-2012-0044670 2012-07-27

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KR20100073772A (ko) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 한국전자통신연구원 스케일러블 비디오 코딩에서의 비트율-왜곡값을 이용한 상위 계층의 빠른 부호화 방법 및 그 부호화 장치
US20100250764A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Nokia Corporation Method and Apparatus for Signaling Layer Information of Scalable Media Data
KR20120015260A (ko) * 2010-07-20 2012-02-21 한국전자통신연구원 스케일러빌리티 및 뷰 정보를 제공하는 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 방법 및 장치

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100098154A1 (en) * 2007-04-12 2010-04-22 Thomson Licensing Methods and apparatus for video usability information (vui) for scalable video coding (svc)
US20100142625A1 (en) * 2008-12-08 2010-06-10 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method for generating and processing hierarchical pes packet for digital satellite broadcasting based on svc video
KR20100073772A (ko) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 한국전자통신연구원 스케일러블 비디오 코딩에서의 비트율-왜곡값을 이용한 상위 계층의 빠른 부호화 방법 및 그 부호화 장치
US20100250764A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Nokia Corporation Method and Apparatus for Signaling Layer Information of Scalable Media Data
KR20120015260A (ko) * 2010-07-20 2012-02-21 한국전자통신연구원 스케일러빌리티 및 뷰 정보를 제공하는 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 방법 및 장치

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