WO2013136548A1 - Dispositif informatique - Google Patents

Dispositif informatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013136548A1
WO2013136548A1 PCT/JP2012/069055 JP2012069055W WO2013136548A1 WO 2013136548 A1 WO2013136548 A1 WO 2013136548A1 JP 2012069055 W JP2012069055 W JP 2012069055W WO 2013136548 A1 WO2013136548 A1 WO 2013136548A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feature
signal
pattern
computer device
features
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/069055
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kate WILKINS
Original Assignee
Nec Corporation
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2013136548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013136548A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0346—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of the device orientation or free movement in a 3D space, e.g. 3D mice, 6-DOF [six degrees of freedom] pointers using gyroscopes, accelerometers or tilt-sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/66—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling
    • H04M1/667—Preventing unauthorised calls from a telephone set
    • H04M1/67—Preventing unauthorised calls from a telephone set by electronic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0251—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity
    • H04W52/0254—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity detecting a user operation or a tactile contact or a motion of the device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/04 - G06F1/32
    • G06F2200/16—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/16 - G06F1/18
    • G06F2200/163—Indexing scheme relating to constructional details of the computer
    • G06F2200/1636—Sensing arrangement for detection of a tap gesture on the housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/12—Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a sensor for measuring a physical value, e.g. temperature or motion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a computer device, for example a personal computer, a mobile telephone or a tablet computer device.
  • the invention has particular relevance to the way in which users can control the operation of such computer devices.
  • Powering on, waking up or unlocking a computer device using such a power button can often include the inputting of a password, pin number or the like, in order to prevent unauthorised persons using the device.
  • the present invention aims to provide a computer device having a novel input mechanism that can be used, for example to control the powering on, waking up or unlocking of the computer device.
  • the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: a housing; an accelerometer for sensing and outputting a signal indicative of a plurality of impacts applied to or near the housing; analysing means for analysing the signal to identify a plurality of features present in the signal to generate a feature pattern corresponding to the sensed impacts; comparing means for comparing the feature pattern with at least one stored pattern; and outputting means for outputting a control action for use in controlling the computer device based on a result output by the comparing means.
  • the analysing means may identify feature characteristics of each of the plurality of features and generate the feature pattern based on the feature characteristics.
  • the feature characteristics may comprise one or more of peak amplitudes and peak widths of peaks in the accelerometer signal.
  • the stored pattern will typically comprise stored feature characteristics associated with a predefined plurality of impacts; and the comparing means will compare the feature characteristics of each of the plurality of signal features with the stored feature characteristics.
  • the analysing means may compare the feature characteristics of each of the plurality of signal features with at least one signal feature model, and to generate the feature pattern based on the comparison between the feature characteristics and the at least one signal feature model.
  • the feature pattern may comprise timing information for the features in the signal in addition to or instead of amplitude information.
  • the timing information may comprise the order of the features in the signal and/or the relative timing of the features in the signal.
  • the analysing means determine a rhythm for the impacts applied on or near the housing and the comparing means compares the determined rhythm with one or more reference rhythms. In addition or alternatively, the analysing means determines a brisance of impacts applied to or near the housing and the comparing means compares the determined brisance with the brisance of one or more reference patterns of impacts.
  • the computer device will typically include control means that performs the output control action.
  • the control action may be one of: waking up, powering on, locking and dialling a preselected number.
  • the computer device may be any portable or fixed computer device, but will typically be a mobile or cellular telephone.
  • the present invention also provides a method of controlling a computer device, comprising: using an accelerometer of the computer device to sense and output a signal indicative of a plurality of impacts applied to or near the computer device; analysing the signal to identify a plurality of features present in the signal to generate a feature pattern corresponding to the sensed impacts; comparing the feature pattern with at least one stored pattern; and outputting a control action to control the computer device based on a result output by the comparing.
  • the present invention also provides a computer program product having computer implementable instructions for causing a computer device to implement the above method.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the way in which a cellular telephone can detect an applied sequence of taps made by a user.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of the cellular telephone.
  • Fig. 3A is a block diagram illustrating the main components of the cellular telephone.
  • Fig. 3 A illustrates one type of signals obtained from an accelerometer mounted in the cellular telephone, corresponding to different types of taps being made by the user.
  • Fig. 3B illustrates different type of signals obtained from an accelerometer mounted in the cellular telephone, corresponding to different types of taps being made by the user.
  • Fig. 4A illustrates one signal pattern obtained from the accelerometer in response to different sequences of taps being made by the user.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates different signal pattern obtained from the accelerometer in response to different sequences of taps being made by the user.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the cellular telephone.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of the cellular telephone according to a second embodiment.
  • the invention allows users to input commands, such as a "wake up" command, in to, for example, their cellular telephone by tapping the housing of the telephone with a predetermined sequence or pattern of taps or knocks.
  • the pattern of taps is detected by an accelerometer in the telephone and compared with stored patterns. If a match is found, then a control action associated with the matching pattern is performed.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart that illustrates this process in more detail. As shown, in step 203, the operation starts. In step 205, a user applies a sequence of taps to the housing of the cellular telephone.
  • an accelerometer senses the acceleration of the cellular telephone in response to the taps and outputs signals that depend thereon. Typically, the accelerometer will output three signals corresponding to the detected acceleration experienced by the cellular telephone in three perpendicular directions.
  • the three signals are processed in order to extract a feature pattern characteristic of the sequence of taps. In some embodiments, only one or two of the three signals are processed to determine the feature pattern. The process of extracting a feature pattern is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 5.
  • step 211 the extracted feature pattern is compared with reference patterns stored in the memory of the cellular telephone, to identify a matching reference pattern.
  • step 213 if no match is found, the operation ends at step 217.
  • step 215 a lookup is performed to identify and perform a control action which is associated with the identified matching pattern.
  • the associated control action may transition the cellular telephone 1 from a locked state to an unlocked state or from a sleep state to an active state.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of the cellular telephone 1 used in this embodiment.
  • the cellular telephone 1 includes housing 101 which houses the other elements of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the cellular telephone 1 includes transceiver circuitry 109 for transmitting signals to and receiving signals from external devices via one or more antennas 111. Such external devices may include base stations, wireless internet access points or other cellular telephones.
  • a controller 105 controls the operation of the transceiver circuitry 109 in accordance with software stored in memory 121.
  • the cellular telephone 1 also includes a conventional user interface 103 (such as a keypad or touch screen) which is controlled by the controller 105 and which allows a user to interact with the cellular telephone 1 in the normal way.
  • a conventional user interface 103 such as a keypad or touch screen
  • the cellular telephone 1 further includes an accelerometer 107 for measuring the acceleration experienced by the cellular telephone 1 , the accelerometer 107 being controlled by the controller 105 according to software stored in the memory 121.
  • the accelerometer 107 is configured to measure the acceleration experienced by the cellular telephone 1 in response to the above described pattern of taps being made on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the accelerometer 107 is a conventional accelerometer that outputs three signals representing the acceleration experienced by the cellular telephone 1 in three orthogonal directions.
  • the software stored in memory 121 includes, amongst other things, an operating system 123, a communication module 125, a sensor module 127, a pattern analysis module 128 and an action control module 129.
  • the operating system 123 controls the general operation of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the communication module 125 controls the communication between the cellular telephone 1 and external devices via the transceiver circuitry 109 and the one or more antennas 111.
  • the sensor module 127 controls the operation of the accelerometer 107.
  • the pattern analysis module 128 receives the signals output by the accelerometer 107 and processes them in order to determine whether a sequence of taps has been made on the housing 101 which corresponds with a stored reference pattern. If a match is found, then the pattern analysis module 128 informs the action control module 129 in order that that the action control module 129 can perform a control action associated with the matched reference pattern.
  • Figs. 3 A and 3B illustrate the kind of signal features output by the accelerometer 107 in response to two different types of taps being made on the housing 101.
  • Fig. 3 A illustrates a signal feature 303 corresponding to a fingernail tap on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1
  • Fig. 3B illustrates a signal feature 305 corresponding to a knuckle rap on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1.
  • Figs. 3 A illustrates a signal feature 303 corresponding to a fingernail tap on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1
  • Fig. 3B illustrates a signal feature 305 corresponding to a knuckle rap on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1.
  • both signal features 303, 305 include a variation in acceleration with time, with the acceleration increasing from an initial acceleration value A 0 (typically zero) until a peak acceleration is reached (at amplitude A 2 and time t 2 for signal feature 303 and at amplitude of Ai and time t' 2 for signal feature 305); and then decreasing with time until a minimum acceleration is reached (at time t 4 for signal feature 303 and at time t' 4 for signal feature 305), before settling back to the initial acceleration value A 0 .
  • the signal features 303 and 305 have different characteristics and these difference can be detected to allow identification of the different types of taps.
  • the signal feature 303 corresponding to a fingernail tap, has a higher peak acceleration, A 2 , than the signal feature 305, corresponding to a knuckle rap, with peak acceleration of A ⁇ .
  • the full width at half maximum (FWHM), denoted At is less than the FWHM for signal feature 305, denoted At'.
  • the command is associated with a sequence or pattern of taps. This avoids unintended activation by accidental knocks to the housing 101.
  • Figs. 4A and 4B illustrate two exemplary signal outputs from the accelerometer 107 in response to sensing two different sequences of four taps on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1. Each sequence is associated with a different control action for the cellular telephone 1.
  • Fig. 4A illustrates a series of four features, features 403 and 405 corresponding to two knuckle raps (with peaks occurring at t ⁇ and t 2 respectively), and features 407 and 409
  • the change in time between tj and t 2 is denoted ⁇
  • the change in time between t 2 and t 3 is denoted ⁇
  • the change in time between t 3 and t 4 is denoted Ate.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates a series of four features corresponding to alternate knuckle raps and fingernail taps, where the features 413 and 417 correspond to knuckle raps (with peaks occurring at t'i and t' 3 respectively), and the features 415 and 419 correspond to two fingernail taps (with peaks occurring at t' 2 and t' 4 respectively).
  • the change in time between t'i and t' 2 is denoted ⁇
  • the change in time between t' 2 and t' 3 is denoted ⁇ ' ⁇
  • the change in time between t' 3 and t' 4 is denoted At'c-
  • the two signal features corresponding to a particular type of impact such as features 403 and 405 representing knuckle raps, will not necessarily be identical. Therefore, the signal feature characteristics - the amplitude and F WHM - will not be identical. However, as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, the characteristics of signal feature
  • the pattern analysis module 128 detects a pattern of input taps and compares them with stored reference patterns.
  • the patterns are defined by the rhythm of the taps (corresponding to the relative timings of the peaks) and the brisance of the taps
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the way in which the pattern analysis module 128 processes the signals obtained from the accelerometer 107 to identify a sequence of taps and an associated control action.
  • the accelerometer 107 outputs three signals in response to the user tapping on the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1.
  • One of the signals is likely to be dominant (i.e. will have the largest signal levels) and in this embodiment the pattern analysis module 128 process that dominant signal (which is illustrated in block 505).
  • the signal comprises three signal features 501, 502 and 503. [0030]
  • the pattern analysis module 128 comprises a feature pattern build module 507 which is configured to process the signal from the accelerometer 500 to identify the signal features present in the signal and to assign a time value to each feature 501, 502 and 503.
  • the time value assigned to each feature is the time at which the maximum acceleration occurs.
  • the features 501 , 502 and 503 have peaks at ti, t 2 and t 3 respectively. The relative timing of the peaks is also identified, where the change in time between ti and t 2 is denoted ⁇ and the change in time between t 2 and t 3 is denoted ⁇ .
  • the feature pattern build module 507 also processes the signals output by the accelerometer 107 in order to identify feature characteristic data that includes the maximum amplitude and FWHM of each signal feature. As illustrated in block 510, the signal features 501 and 502 have maximum amplitudes at Ai, while the signal feature 503 has a higher maximum amplitude, at A 2 . The information thus determined is representative of the peaks 501, 502 and 503 and their relative timings and thus represents the input sequence of taps. This information is output as a feature pattern 513 (comprising feature characteristic data (D) and time data (At)) to a pattern comparison module 515. As shown in Fig. 5, the feature characteristic data associated with the signal features 501 , 502 and 503 is denoted D ls D 2 and D 3 respectively; and the time data for the peaks is denoted ⁇
  • the pattern comparison module 515 compares the feature pattern 513 with reference patterns 531, 532 and 533 that are stored in a pattern database 517.
  • the stored reference patterns comprise feature characteristic data and time data obtained from previously trained sequences of taps.
  • stored pattern 531 comprises stored feature characteristic data Dio, Dii, Di 2 respectively associated with 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd taps of a previously trained sequence of taps.
  • Stored pattern 531 also comprises time data Ate, ⁇ , that defines the relative timing of the features.
  • the training process used to obtain the stored reference patterns is explained in more detail below with reference to Fig. 6.
  • the similarity between the input feature pattern 513 and each stored reference pattern is determined by the pattern comparison module 515, and a reference pattern which is determined to have a similarity higher than a predetermined similarity threshold will be considered to be a matching reference pattern 519. In the situation where more than one stored pattern is determined to have a similarity to the input feature pattern 513 that is greater than the
  • predetermined similarity threshold either the stored pattern with the highest similarity is determined to be the matching stored pattern, or it is determined that no match has been found.
  • each of the feature characteristic data blocks Di, D 2 , D 3 , of the input feature pattern 513 is compared with the respective stored feature characteristic data block Dio, Dii, Di 2 , of the reference pattern 531.
  • each feature characteristic data block of the input pattern Di, D 2 , D 3 must have sufficient similarity to the corresponding feature characteristic data block Di 0 , Dn, Di 2 of the reference pattern, for a match to be found.
  • time values ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , of the input feature pattern 513 are compared with the corresponding time values Ate, Ato, of the reference pattern 531.
  • each of the time values ⁇ , ⁇ must have be sufficiently similar to the corresponding time value Ate, AtD- [0034]
  • the pattern comparison module 515 finds a matching reference pattern, then it outputs an identifier 519 (in this example P3) identifying the reference pattern that matches the input feature pattern 513, to an action mapping module 521.
  • the action mapping module 521 uses this identifier 519 to perform a lookup in a pattern mapping database 523 (which may be the same database as the pattern database 517) in order to identify an action associated with the matching reference pattern. As illustrated in this example, the identifier "P3" is associated with the action "unlock”.
  • the action mapping module 521 then informs the action control module 129 to perform the "unlock" 525 command, which causes the cellular telephone 1 to transition from a locked state to an unlocked state in which the user can interact with the cellular telephone 1 via the user interface 103 in the normal manner.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating one way in which the reference patterns are determined and stored in the pattern database 517 and associated with a corresponding control action.
  • a user is invited to apply a sequence of taps to the cellular telephone housing 101.
  • This invitation may comprise displaying a text on a display of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the user applies a sequence of taps to the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the accelerometer 107 senses the acceleration of the cellular telephone 1 in response to the sequence of taps and outputs signals that depend thereon.
  • the dominant accelerometer signal is used to build the reference models. However, as discussed above, all of the signals may be used to generate the reference pattern.
  • step 711 the accelerometer signal is processed in order to extract a feature pattern.
  • the process of extracting a feature pattern is the same as that described above with reference to Fig. 5.
  • the extracted feature pattern is stored in the pattern database 517 together with an identifier 519 for that reference pattern.
  • the user is invited to identify an action to be associated with the applied sequence of taps. This invitation may comprise, for example, a list of actions that is displayed to the user on the display of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the user identifies an action, and at step 719 the identified action is associated with the extracted feature pattern. In this embodiment, this association includes storing, at step 721 , an entry in the pattern mapping database 523
  • the embodiment described above offers a number of advantages.
  • the majority of cellular telephones have a power button to power on, wake up or unlock the device, which may additionally involve the input of a password, pin number or the like in order to prevent unauthorised persons using the cellular telephone.
  • Allowing a user to power on, wake up or unlock a cellular telephone 1 by applying a predetermined sequence of taps to the housing 101 incorporates user authentication as an intrinsic part of the powering on, waking up or unlocking procedure. Requiring a predefined sequence of taps to be entered prevents an unauthorised person from using the device, as the very large number of possible permutations of tap sequences, rhythm and tap brisance makes guessing the predefined sequence of taps extremely difficult.
  • the ability of the present invention to recognise predefined sequences made up of different types of impacts, such as knuckle raps and fingernail taps increases the number of possible tap sequence permutations and therefore provides increased security.
  • an action will only be performed by the cellular telephone 1 when an input sequence of taps matches sufficiently closely with a stored reference pattern.
  • the probability of accidental bumps or taps matching a stored reference pattern is extremely low, and therefore the control action is less likely to be accidentally activated.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an alternative pattern analysis module 128' that may be used instead of the one illustrated in Fig. 5. As before, the
  • accelerometer 107 outputs signals in response to a user tapping the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1 with an input sequence of taps, and a dominant signal is illustrated in block 605. As shown, the signal comprises three signal features 601, 602 and 603.
  • the pattern analysis module 128' comprises a feature pattern build module 607 that processes the accelerometer signal 605 in order to identify the signal features present in the signal 605.
  • the feature pattern build module 607 does this using a feature comparison module 609 that compares the signal features 601, 602 and 603 with stored signal feature models 671 and 672 stored in the feature database 611.
  • the comparison performed by the feature comparison module 609 includes the determination of the similarity between each feature 601 , 602, 603 and each feature model 671, 672.
  • a feature model which is determined to have a similarity higher than a predetermined similarity threshold will be considered to be a matching feature model.
  • the feature model with the highest similarity is determined to be the matching feature model, or it is determined that no match has been found. If no feature models are determined to have a similarity higher than the predetermined similarity threshold, it is determined that no match has been found.
  • signal feature model 672 (and labelled F 2 ) has a high similarity to both signal feature 601 and signal feature 602; and signal feature model 671 (and labelled Fi) has a high similarity to signal feature 603. Therefore, the feature pattern build module 607 determines that a signal comprising signal features 601, 602, 603 corresponds to a sequence of model identifiers of F 2 , F 2 , Fi .
  • the feature pattern build module 607 also determines the relative timings of the features
  • the feature pattern build module therefore outputs a feature pattern 613 comprising the sequence of model identifiers (F 2 , F 2 , Fi) and the determined timing data (At A and ⁇ ).
  • the feature pattern 613 is then passed to the pattern comparison module 615 as before, where it is compared with reference patterns 631 to 633 in pattern database 617 by the pattern comparison module 615.
  • Reference patterns 631 to 633 comprise sequences of model identifiers obtained from previously trained sequences of taps. As shown, each model identifier in reference patterns 631 to 633 corresponds to one of the stored signal feature models 671 and 672 stored in the feature database 611.
  • the identifier 619 of the matching reference pattern is output to the action mapping module 621 which uses it to determine the control action associated with the matching reference pattern, which is passed to the action control module 129 for performing the associated control action.
  • the alternative pattern analysis module 128' illustrated in Fig. 7 provides advantages over the pattern analysis module 128 illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • comparison of the feature pattern 613 with reference patterns 631 to 633 by the pattern comparison module 615 is less computationally demanding.
  • reference patterns 631 to 633 comprise sequences of model identifiers, where each model identifier corresponds to a stored signal feature model.
  • the pattern analysis module 128 illustrated in Fig. 5 the feature pattern 513 is compared with reference patterns 531 to 533.
  • the reference patterns 531 to 533 comprise feature characteristic data, which includes the maximum amplitude and FWHM of each signal feature. Therefore, in alternative pattern analysis module 128', reference patterns 631 to 633 comprise less data than reference patterns 531 to 533, and thus the comparison performed by the pattern comparison module 61 is less computationally demanding.
  • the cellular telephone was able to detect finger nail taps and knuckle raps.
  • the cellular telephone can be trained to recognise other types of impacts. These impacts could be made, for example, using a fmgerpad, a fingernail or a knuckle or by using a separate object such as a pen or stylus.
  • the pattern could be made up of a plurality of one type of impact, for example four fingernail taps in succession.
  • the user tapped the housing 101 of the cellular telephone 1. Whilst this is preferred, it is not essential.
  • the accelerometer can detect a sequence of taps made indirectly via another element.
  • the taps may be made on a part of the user interface 103 (e.g. on the keypad or display).
  • the sequence of taps can be made on a surface upon which the cellular telephone is resting (such as a desk), and therefore the motion created by the taps is conducted to the cellular telephone 1 via the surface.
  • the cellular telephone 1 may be located within some sort of container, for example a pocket in a piece of clothing, a bag, or a protective case, and the sequence of taps is made on the container by the user. The motion created by the taps is conducted to the cellular telephone 1 via the container.
  • some sort of container for example a pocket in a piece of clothing, a bag, or a protective case
  • the extracted feature pattern is compared with reference patterns that were stored in memory of the cellular device.
  • the reference patterns may be stored in RAM or ROM of the cellular telephone 1 and may be stored on a removable memory that can be removed from the cellular telephone. Also, whilst the above embodiment stores a number of reference patterns, in a simpler embodiment, only a single reference pattern may be stored.
  • control action associated with the identified matching pattern may be any action, for example powering off the cellular telephone 1 , locking it, dialling a preselected number, changing music tracks being played on the cellular telephone 1 etc.
  • the invention has been implemented in a cellular telephone.
  • the invention can be implemented in any computer device, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, web browsers etc.
  • the accelerometer 107 may comprise any type of device for measuring acceleration, such as a surface micromachined capacitive accelerometer or a piezoelectric accelerometer.
  • the accelerometer 107 may also be replaced with any device for measuring motion of the cellular telephone 1.
  • the accelerometer 107 is described as outputting three signals corresponding to acceleration in each of the three perpendicular directions.
  • the accelerometer may instead be configured to output a single signal representing the acceleration experienced by the cellular telephone 1 in a single direction or a resultant acceleration obtained by combining the accelerations in a number of the directions.
  • Figs. 3 A and 3B illustrate exemplary signal features 303, 305 obtained from the accelerometer 107. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, these signal features are only illustrative and features with very different waveforms may be used.
  • features in the accelerometer signal were compared with those of one or more reference patterns.
  • the features in the accelerometer signal may be identified by a change in amplitude in excess of a predefined threshold.
  • the pattern analysis module 540 is configured to only consider changes in certain frequency components of the signal. For example, low frequency changes in the accelerometer signal may be ignored or disregarded, as these frequencies are likely to correspond to movements of the cellular telephone 1 which occur due to the cellular telephone 1 being held in a user's hand.
  • the time value assigned to each feature is the time at which maximum acceleration of the signal feature occurs.
  • the time value can alternatively correspond to a different part of the signal feature.
  • the time value assigned to each feature could be the time at which the acceleration reaches a minimum, or passes a certain threshold.
  • the frequency of the signal features can be measured and/or the Fourier transform of each signal feature can be calculated.
  • the derivative or integral of each signal feature may be calculated (and such operations may be repeated in order to calculate the nth differential or nth integral of a signal feature).
  • any timing data can be output, for example the absolute time value associated with each signal feature (ti, t 2 , t 3 ) could be used.
  • the feature pattern 513 comprises feature and time data
  • the feature pattern may comprise only feature data, and therefore only the order of features is taken into account, without considering their timing.
  • the feature pattern comprises only timing data, and therefore only the timing, or rhythm, of impacts is compared by the pattern comparison module, without considering what types of features are present in the signal.
  • the pattern database 517 stores three stored, patterns
  • the pattern database 517 may store any number of reference patterns and the reference patterns may comprise any number of signal features.
  • Reference patterns can be preconfigured and stored on the phone by, for example a phone manufacturer. Alternatively, a reference pattern can be generated in response to an input from the user, as described above with reference to Fig. 6.
  • the time data ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , of the signal 505 is compared with the stored time data Ate, ⁇ , of the reference pattern by the pattern comparison module 515.
  • the pattern comparison module compares the ratios of adjacent time data values, ⁇ : ⁇ , and the ratios of adjacent stored time data values, Ate ' ⁇ ⁇ . For a match to be determined, ⁇ : ⁇ must be sufficiently similar (higher than a predetermined similarity threshold) to the ratio of Ate ' ⁇ to- Comparing the ratio of the changes in time between signal features is advantageous because it allows sequences of taps with the same rhythm and order but input at different tempos to be recognised as matching.
  • step 711 the signals are processed in order to extract a feature pattern.
  • step 711 involves not only extracting a feature pattern, but also extracting at least one signal feature for storing in the feature database 611 illustrated in Fig. 7.
  • the extracted signal feature(s) may comprise the full waveform of the signal feature, or may comprise feature characteristics of the signal feature, such as the FWHM, the amplitude, frequency or frequency spectrum.
  • step 713 further includes storing the extracted signal feature(s) in the feature database 611 illustrated in Fig. 7.
  • the feature database 611 stores two signal feature models.
  • the feature database may store any number of signal feature models.
  • a stored signal feature model which is determined to have a similarity higher than a predetermined similarity threshold will be considered to be a matching stored signal feature model.
  • the stored signal feature model which has the highest similarity is considered to be a matching stored signal feature model.
  • Figs. 1, 5 and 7 the cellular telephone and the pattern analysis module are illustrated as having a number of separate elements. In practice, any or all of these separate elements may be incorporated into a single element. Also, the elements shown as part of the memory 121 may exist separately from the memory. Also, some or all of the functionality of a particular element may instead be performed by a different element.
  • the software modules may be provided in compiled or un-compiled form. Further, the functionality performed by part or all of this software may be performed using one or more dedicated hardware circuits. Similarly, although the above embodiments employed transceiver circuitry, at least some of the functionality of the transceiver circuitry can be performed by software.
  • the present invention can be materialized by a program for causing a computer such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) to execute the processes shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 7.
  • a computer such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) to execute the processes shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 7.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • Non-transitory computer readable media include any type of tangible storage media.
  • Examples of non-transitory computer readable media include magnetic storage media (such as floppy disks, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives, etc.), optical magnetic storage media (e.g. magneto-optical disks), CD-ROM, CD-R (compact disc recordable),
  • CD-R/W compact disc rewritable
  • semiconductor memories such as mask ROM, PROM (programmable ROM), EPROM (erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory), etc.
  • the program may be provided to a computer using any type of transitory computer readable media. Examples of transitory computer readable media include electric signals, optical signals, and electromagnetic waves. Transitory computer readable media can provide the program to a computer via a wired communication line (e.g. electric wires, and optical fibers) or a wireless communication line.
  • Patent Application No. 1204378.2 filed on March 13, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
  • the present invention can be applied to a computer device, for example a personal computer, a mobile telephone or a tablet computer device, and particularly applied to the way which users can control the operation of such computer devices.
  • a computer device for example a personal computer, a mobile telephone or a tablet computer device, and particularly applied to the way which users can control the operation of such computer devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif informatique qui permet que des utilisateurs entrent des commandes, telles que la commande « réveiller » en tapant, par exemple, sur un boîtier (101) du dispositif informatique une séquence prédéfinie ou un modèle prédéfini de tapes ou de coups. Le modèle de tapes est détecté par un accéléromètre (107) dans le dispositif et comparé à des modèles mémorisés. Si une correspondance est trouvée, une action de commande associée au modèle correspondant est exécutée.
PCT/JP2012/069055 2012-03-13 2012-07-19 Dispositif informatique WO2013136548A1 (fr)

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GB1204378.2A GB2500375A (en) 2012-03-13 2012-03-13 Input commands to a computer device using patterns of taps
GB1204378.2 2012-03-13

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