WO2013131035A1

WO2013131035A1 - Thrust engine

Info

Publication number: WO2013131035A1
Application number: PCT/US2013/028720
Authority: WO
Inventors: Whitaker B. IRVIN, Sr.
Original assignee: Qwtip Llc
Priority date: 2012-03-01
Filing date: 2013-03-01
Publication date: 2013-09-06
Also published as: TW201400690A; AR093741A1

Abstract

The invention in at least one embodiment is a thrust engine having at least one disk-pack turbine having at least two mated waveform surfaces spaced apart to form a chamber with a peripheral boundary defined by a plurality of compression zones each followed by an expansion zone.

Description

Thrust Engine

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional Application Serial No. 61/605,542, filed March 1 , 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

I. Field of the Invention

[0002] The invention in at least one embodiment relates to an engine that operates at least in part through the disassociation of water and/or water vapor to produce thrust.

II. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The invention provides a system for the production of thrust including: a housing having a cavity and a plurality of support structures; at least one driveshaft in rotatable engagement with at least some of the plurality of support structures; at least two disk-pack turbines connected to the driveshaft, each disk-pack turbine having at least two mated disks spaced apart from each other with waveforms present on a surface facing another disk where the waveforms are bordered on a periphery by a plurality of compression chambers each in fluid communication with an expansion chamber, each disk having an axially centered opening passing therethough where the opening is aligned with the driveshaft; and a storage vessel formed by a wall and at least two of the following: one or both faces of the neighboring disk- pack turbine, a top plate and/or a bottom plate, the storage vessel in fluid communication with the disk chambers.

[0004] The invention provides a system for the production of thrust including: a housing having a cavity and a plurality of support structures; at least one driveshaft in rotatable engagement with at least some of the plurality of support structures; at least one disk-pack turbine connected to the driveshaft, the disk-pack turbine having at least two mated disks spaced apart from each other with waveforms present on a surface facing another disk where the mated waveforms are bordered on a periphery by a plurality of compression chambers each in fluid communication with an expansion chamber, each disk having an axially centered opening passing therethough where the opening is aligned with the driveshaft; and a storage vessel formed by a wall and at least two of the following: one or both faces of the neighboring disk-pack turbine, a top plate and/or a bottom plate, the storage vessel in fluid communication with the disk chambers.

[0005] In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes at least one valve present in the driveshaft; and a supply conduit connected to one of the at least one valve, the supply conduit in fluid communication with the storage vessel. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the expansion chambers are separated by an expansion wall, and the compression chambers are separated by a compression wall. In a further embodiment to the embodiments in this paragraph, each expansion wall and each compression wall includes at least one beveled surface facing one respective chamber and/or at least one arcuate surface facing one respective chamber. In a further embodiment to the embodiments in this paragraph, each disk-pack turbine further includes at least one gasket present between each neighboring disk and aligned with at least one set of the compression walls or the expansion walls. In a further embodiment, the gasket substantially prevents a flow of material over or under the walls that it is aligned with and compressed against.

[0006] In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the driveshaft includes two driveshafts, a first driveshaft attached to one of the outside surface of the first disk-pack turbine and a second driveshaft attached to the outside surface of the last disk-pack turbine where the outside surfaces are perpendicular to the driveshafts. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, each of the disk-pack turbines includes a top rotor and a bottom rotor each attached to a respective non-waveform surface of one disk. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes a drive system connected to the driveshaft. In a further embodiment, the drive system includes a motor. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes a motor selectively attached to the at least one driveshaft to facilitate starting of the at least two disk- pack turbines. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes a flux return lining at least part of the housing. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the support structures are a frame. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the housing is bell shaped with an open end. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the housing includes at least one cylindrical body around the at least two disk-pack turbines. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes a thrust insert inside housing providing a plurality of leverage points. In a further embodiment, the leverage points are substantially perpendicular to a plane dissecting one of the at least one driveshaft.

[0007] In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes at least one pair of a magnet plate having a plurality of magnets (or magnetic regions) and a coil plate having at least one coil array present on it positioned such that the coil plate is between the magnet plate at least one disk-pack turbine. In a further embodiment to any of the previous embodiments, the system further includes a plurality of collectors spaced around a periphery of at least one disk-pack turbine.

[0008] The invention provides a method for providing thrust including: rotating a driveshaft connected to at least two disk-pack turbines, each disk-pack turbine having at least two mated disks spaced apart from each other with waveforms present on a surface facing another disk where the waveforms are bordered on a periphery by a plurality of compression chambers each in fluid communication with an expansion chamber, each disk having an axially centered opening passing therethough where the opening is aligned with the driveshaft; establishing a flow of charging media from a storage vessel to the disk chambers; processing the charging media within the disk chambers including disassociating at least some particles from other particles resulting in increasing pressure; directing at least some particles through at least one compression zone and then an expansion zone; and routing the exhausted particles with a housing around the disk-pack turbines.

[0009] In a further method embodiment, the charging media includes water and/or water vapor. In a further method embodiment to any of the other method embodiments, rotating the driveshaft is by a motor; and the method embodiment further includes disengaging the motor from the driveshaft. In a further embodiment to any of the other method embodiments, the method further includes providing additional leverage for the disk-pack turbines with a thrust ring.

[0010] Given the following enabling description of the drawings, the apparatus should become evident to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

III. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] The present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. The use of cross-hatching (or lack thereof) and shading within the drawings is not intended as limiting the type of materials that may be used to manufacture the invention.

[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of an embodiment according to the invention.

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates a partially transparent top view of the system illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the system illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-section taken at A-A in FIG. 1.

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates an enlarged perspective cross-section taken at A-A in FIG. 1 .

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates an enlarged cross-section view of the periphery of an example disk-pack turbine.

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged view of an example of a first waveform disk/rotor/plate.

[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates an enlarged view of an example of a second waveform disk/rotor/plate.

[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded perspective cross-section view of a portion of the system illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates an enlarged view of a pair of compression and expansion zones on a disk according to at least one embodiment of the invention.

[0022] FIG. 1 1 illustrates another system according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective and partial exploded view of a portion of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 1.

[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a housing for use around the system according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0025] FIGs. 14A and 14B illustrate another example of a housing for use around the system according to an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 14B illustrates a cross-section of the housing and system illustrated in FIG. 14A. [0026] FIGs. 15A and 15B illustrate another example of a housing for use around the system according to an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 15A is a top view, while FIG. 15B is a perspective view without a disk-pack turbine.

[0027] FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of another embodiment according to the invention.

[0028] FIG. 17 illustrates an alternative embodiment according to the invention.

[0029] Given the following enabling description of the drawings, the invention should become evident to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

IV. Detailed Description of the Drawings

A. Definitions

[0030] In this disclosure, waveforms include, but are not limited to, circular, sinusoidal, biaxial, biaxial sinucircular, a series of interconnected scallop shapes, a series of interconnected arcuate forms, hyperbolic, and/or multi-axial including combinations of these that when rotated provide progressive, disk channels with the waveforms being substantially centered about an axial center of the disk and/or an expansion chamber. The waveforms are formed, for example but not limited to, by a plurality of ridges (or protrusions or rising waveforms), grooves, and depressions (or descending waveforms) in the waveform surface including the features having different heights and/or depths compared to other features and/or along the individual features. In some embodiments, the height in the vertical axis and/or the depth measured along a radius of the disk chambers vary along a radius. In some embodiments, the waveforms are implemented as ridges that have different waveforms for each side (or face) of the ridge. In this disclosure, waveform patterns (or geometries) are a set of waveforms on one disk surface. Neighboring rotor and/or disk surfaces have matching waveform patterns that form a channel running from the expansion chamber to the periphery of the disks. In this disclosure, matching waveforms include complimentary waveforms, mirroring geometries that include cavities and other beneficial geometric features.

[0031] In this disclosure, a bearing may take a variety of forms while minimizing the friction between components with examples of material for a bearing including, but are not limited to, ceramics, nylon, phenolics, bronze, and the like. Examples of bearings include, but are not limited to, bushings and ball bearings. In at least one alternative embodiment, the bearing function uses magnetic fields to center and align rotating components within the system instead of mechanical bearings.

[0032] In this disclosure, examples of non-conducting material for electrical isolation include, but are not limited to, non-conducting ceramics, plastics, Plexiglas, phenolics, nylon or similarly electrically inert material. In some embodiments, the non-conducting material is a coating over a component to provide the electrical isolation.

[0033] In this disclosure, examples of non-magnetic (or very low magnetic) materials for use in housings, plates, disks, rotors, and frames include, but are not limited to, aluminum, aluminum alloys, brass, brass alloys, stainless steel such as austenitic grade stainless steel, copper, beryllium-copper alloys, bismuth, bismuth alloys, magnesium alloys, silver, silver alloys, and inert plastics. Although non-magnetic materials are used for rotating components, the rotating components have been found to be conductors in some embodiments. Examples of non-magnetic materials for use in bearings, spacers, and tubing include, but are not limited to, inert plastics, non-conductive ceramics, nylon, and phenolics.

[0034] In this disclosure, examples of diamagnetic materials include, but are not limited to, aluminum, brass, stainless steel, carbon fibers, copper, magnesium, bismuth, and other non- ferrous material alloys some of which containing high amounts of bismuth relative to other metals.

B. Overview

[0035] The present invention in at least one embodiment includes a system for creating thrust from the disassociation of water and in other embodiments from the disassociation of a charging media. The system in at least one embodiment includes a hollow driveshaft (or at least including a passageway traveling a portion of its length) with a plurality of disk-pack turbines spaced along the driveshaft with a storage vessel (or tank) located between each neighboring pair of disk-pack turbines that is in fluid communication with the hollow driveshaft and the attached disk-pack turbines. In an alternative embodiment, there is at least one disk- pack turbine. In at least one further embodiment, the driveshaft includes at least one one-way valve present on at least one side of the set of disk-pack turbines with the one-way valve having a conduit passing therethrough to supply charging media to the system. An example of a oneway valve is a check valve. The conduit in at least one embodiment is coupled to a feed line in fluid communication with a storage tank for the charging media. In an alternative embodiment, the system pulls in atmospheric air instead or as a supplement to the above, and in a further embodiment the system allows for flexibility between these options based on the moisture content of the air.

[0036] The disk-pack turbine includes at least two rotors each with a mounted disk (or alternatively, the facing rotor surfaces are used instead of inset disks) that are mated and/or spaced apart to form a disk chamber between them. In addition, the rotors and/or disks include an axially centered opening passing therethrough that the openings taken together form a distribution chamber. The facing disk surfaces include waveforms that are complementary between the disk surfaces and provide the surfaces of the disk chamber. In at least one embodiment, the waveforms are centered about the center of the disk. The periphery edge of the waveforms is defined by matching compression and expansion zones when the disks are mated. In at least one embodiment, one disk includes the compression zones and the other disk includes the expansion zones such that the zones are aligned together with the compression zone on the inside of the expansion zone. In at least one embodiment, the disks are separated using impellers. [0037] The charging media enters and is processed in the disk chamber, for example, by disassociating the charging media into its sub-components causing a release of energy and increase in pressure that pushes the expansion of expanding gas particles towards the periphery of the disk-pack turbine. Around the periphery, charging media components enter a compression zone prior to passing into an expansion zone that are shaped similar to a hour glass configuration resulting in a rapid expansion of gas external to the disk-pack turbine that is harnessed by the housing to move the system from its current location. In a further or alternative embodiment, the disk-pack turbine discharges against a thrust ring to obtain additional leverage for turning a driveshaft. In further embodiments, collecting the disassociated material for other uses.

C. Example Embodiment with Two Disk-pack Turbines

[0038] FIGs. 1-8 illustrate an example of a system without a housing built according to the invention. FIGs. 1 (solid view) and 2 (partially transparent) illustrate a top view of the system. FIGs. 3 (solid view) and 4 (cross-section taken at A-A of FIG. 1 ) illustrate side views of the system with FIG. 5 offering an enlarged view of the disk-pack turbines and storage tank in a perspective cross-section. FIG. 6 offers a further enlarged view of the edge of the disk-pack turbine while FIGs. 7 and 8 illustrate views of the waveform surfaces of the top and bottom disks, respectively.

[0039] In at least one embodiment, the driveshaft 310 provides the central support and alignment along with a passageway 312 in which the supply line (or conduit) 314 and the oneway valve 320 reside. FIGs. 4 and 5 illustrate the driveshaft in two parts 31 OA, 310B, a first part 31 OA above the disk-pack turbines 250 and a second part 310B below the disk-pack turbines 250 with each part mounted to a respective disk-pack turbine 250. FIG. 9 illustrates a mounting recess 254 on the rotor/disk 260 for attaching the driveshaft 310 to the rotor/disk 260. In an alternative embodiment, the driveshaft passes through the disk-pack turbines and the storage vessel, but includes a plurality of openings and/or holes passing through its wall to allow for fluid communication 1 ) from the supply conduit to the storage vessel and/or the disk-pack turbine and 2) between the storage vessel and the disk-pack turbine.

[0040] Although there are two supply conduits 314 illustrated, it should be appreciated that one supply conduit 314 may be omitted and in which case the driveshaft 310 on that side would be closed off. As mentioned previously, the supply conduit 314 is coupled to a feed line that is in fluid communication with a storage tank for the charging media. In at least one embodiment, the coupling is made through a rotary fitting that allows the supply conduit 314 to rotate relative to the feed line while maintaining fluid communication. The supply conduit 314 passes through a passageway 312 in the driveshaft 310 to the one-way valve 320, and in at least one embodiment through the one-way valve 320 or at least a closing member 322 of the one-way valve 320 and in a further embodiment the engagement of the supply conduit 314 and the closing member 322 is through a bearing sleeve to allow the supply conduit to substantially remain in place while the closing member moves as part of operation of the one-way valve.

[0041] The illustrated one-way valve 320 sits within the driveshaft 310 and includes the closing member 322 and a spring 324, but based on this disclosure it should be appreciated that the one-way valve may take other forms and structure while providing for the flow of air or other charging media into the system, but preventing air or other charging media from flowing from within the system out. The closing member 322 may have a variety of shapes other than the illustrated tapered cylinder including, for example, spherical such as a ball. The illustrated spring 324 is an example of a mechanism to maintaining closure in the valve unless the pressure external to the system is greater than the internal pressure. The illustrated spring 324 sits between the disk-pack turbine 250 and the closing member 322.

[0042] FIGs. 3-5 illustrate two disk-pack turbines 250 connected by a storage vessel 290 whose area is defined by the opposing outer surfaces of the disk-pack turbines (or alternatively a top plate and/or bottom plate) and a cylindrical wall 292 defining the periphery of the area. The storage vessel 290 is designed in at least one embodiment to hold a liquid to feed into the disk-pack turbines 250 and as such can be a variety of heights other than the depicted relative height to the disk-pack turbines. In at least one embodiment, the storage vessel is sized to act as a supply buffer having sufficient charging media to allow for sustainable operation of the disk-pack turbines with the supply conduit replenishing the storage vessel as needed.

[0043] FIGs. 4-10 illustrate different aspects of the disk-pack turbine 250 that includes example waveforms 261 present on the surface of the disks, which in at least one embodiment are neighboring disks. In at least one embodiment, the waveforms 261 are centered about opening 252. These figures illustrate the rotor and disk as being one part, and as such are a disk 260 for the purposes of this disclosure. U.S. Pat. App. No. 13/213,452 (U.S. Pat. Pub. No. US 2012/0051908 A1 ) provides a variety of examples of different disk-pack turbines, which are hereby incorporated by reference for their teachings regarding different waveforms and use of coil arrays and magnet plates in power generation.

[0044] The disk 260 include a plurality of mounting holes 263 for providing a connection point with one or more impellers (not shown) as illustrated in, for example, FIGs. 1 , 2, 5, and 9. An example of impellers is ceramic spacers, which in at least one embodiment include a structural element passing therethrough to at least in part provide rigidity, are used to separate them and also to interconnect them together so that they rotate together. An example of structural elements is bolts, which in at least one embodiment pass through a nylon (or similar material) tube and the spacers are nylon rings. Alternative materials besides ceramics that would work include materials that do not conduct electrical current to electrically isolate the illustrated rotors and disk from each other and the system.

[0045] FIGs. 7-10 illustrate the compression and expansion zones (or chambers) 264, 265 that are present proximate the periphery of the disk-pack turbine 250 and define the outer border of the waveforms. One disk includes a plurality of arcuate compression zones 264 that align with a plurality of arcuate expansion zones 265 on the other disk such that material flowing from the disk chamber 262 is compressed prior to being expanded providing in part a rotary force upon the disk-pack turbine 250 and pressurized flow of gas to move the system based on the configuration and/or alignment of directional components of the housing. FIG. 10 illustrates how the compression and expansion zones 264, 266 connect in at least one embodiment. The zones have an arcuate shape to them in at least one embodiment to encourage the direction of the emission and to provide clockwise movement (as the zones are illustrated in the figures, although alternatively the orientation could be switched for counterclockwise rotation) to the disk-pack turbine 250 and thus the system.

[0046] In at least one embodiment, the compressions zones 264 and the expansion zones

265 are separated by a plurality of compression walls 2642 and expansion walls 2652, respectively. In at least one embodiment, the compression walls 2642 and the expansion walls 2652 are substantially the same shape and include at least four surfaces (although in an alternative embodiment they include three surfaces) as illustrated, for example, in FIGs. 7 and 8. The first surface faces the axial center of the disk. The second surface faces away from the axial center of the disk. The first and second surfaces are substantially parallel to each other and have an arcuate shape when view from above/below in at least one embodiment. The third surface in at least one embodiment is a long radii arcuate face that defines one side of the chamber. The fourth surface in at least one embodiment is a beveled face connecting the first and second surfaces and defining the other side of the chamber. Depending upon the direction of flow by the surfaces, the walls funnel or allow for expansion of the material passing by them. In at least one embodiment, the zone that is created has an arcuate (or spiral) tendency to it as it moves from the entry side towards the peripheral side.

[0047] In at least one embodiment, there are two gaskets and/or seals 266, 267 present between the disks 260 as illustrated in, for example, FIGs. 6 and 9. The first (or inner) gasket

266 sits in the recess of the disk receiving a free end of the compression walls (or features) 2642, while the second (or outer) gasket 267 sits between a free end of the expansion walls (or features) 2652 and the other disk. The gaskets 266, 267 together direct the flow of material exiting the periphery through the compression zone 264 into the expansion zone 265 and prevent the flow of material over/under the walls as occurs with the waveforms. In at least one embodiment, the disks provide a mounting and/or seating groove in which to receive one of the gaskets.

[0048] In at least one embodiment, the driveshaft is electrically isolated via the use of isolation rings made of non-conductive material, which creates discontinuity between the driveshaft and the disk-pack turbines. In at least one embodiment, all disk-pack turbine components are electrically isolated from one another utilizing, for example, non-conducting tubes, shims, bushings, isolation rings, and washers. The impellers around the system are electrically isolated via the use of additional isolation elements such as nylon bolts. In at least one embodiment, the storage vessel wall is electrically isolated from the attached disk-pack turbines using for example a gasket or other non-conductive material along its edge, and in a further embodiment the vessel storage wall and/or the disk-pack turbine include a groove or seating into which the gasket is inserted and at least partially secured by once assembled. In most cases, there is no electrical continuity between any components, from the driveshaft progressing through all the rotating components and support structures. There are, however, occasions when electrical continuity is desirable.

D. Multiple Storage Vessels Example Embodiment

[0049] FIGs. 1 1 and 12 illustrate a further embodiment as an example of how multiple disk- pack turbines 250 and multiple storage vessels 290 may be stacked as part of the system. In at least one embodiment, the driveshaft is again divided into two parts 31 OA, 310B with each part mounted to a respective end disk-pack turbine. In a further embodiment, there are multiple disk-pack turbine pairs 250 connected by a respective containment vessel 290 with each disk- pack turbine connected by a driveshaft that is mounted at its free ends to a respective disk-pack turbine. Based on this disclosure, it should be appreciated that there could be multiple disk- pack turbines and storage vessels in the system.

E. Housing Example Embodiment

[0050] FIGs. 13-15B illustrate different examples of a housing 500 that can be used to contain any one of the above described embodiments. In at least one embodiment, the housing 500 captures the material discharged from the disk-pack turbines 250 and redirects it out a nozzle 510 of the housing 500. In a further embodiment, the housing includes controllable flaps around the nozzle to further direct the flow of emissions and provide movement to the system.

[0051] In at least one embodiment, the housing 500 includes support structure 520 connected to the driveshaft 310 through at least one bearing thus allowing the driveshaft to freely rotate within the housing 500. The support structure 520 illustrated in FIG. 13 is substantially cylindrical and fits around a portion of the driveshafts 31 OA, 310B and the disk- pack turbines 250.

[0052] FIGs. 14A and 14B illustrate a different configuration for the housing 500A that is similar to a bell shape that in at least one embodiment also acts as a duct 51 OA to route the gases released from the disk-pack turbines 250 to the environment. The support structure 520A includes a plurality of arms extending in from the housing 500A towards the driveshafts 310A, 310B.

[0053] FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate a modified version of the configuration illustrated in FIGs. 14A and 14B. The housing 500B includes a thrust collar (or ring) 505B that includes multiple leverage points 5052B on which the gas emitted by the disk-pack turbine can push against. FIG. 15B illustrates the leverage points 5052B as substantially vertical walls; however, in other embodiments the walls are angled to further assist with the movement of emitted gas away from the disk-pack turbines 250. The support structure 520A is similar to that illustrated in FIGs. 14A and 14B including its interface with driveshaft 310B.

[0054] FIGs. 14A-15B illustrate housing examples where in an alternative embodiment the driveshaft 210B would terminate proximate to the support structure 520B at the open end of the housing 500B. This arrangement would be advantageous, for example, when a nozzle would be attached to the housing at the open end to direct the flow of exhaust gas.

[0055] In an alternative embodiment, the housing includes a collection port to allow for the withdrawal of one or more gases produced as part of the process. In other alternative embodiments, the housing is a minimal support structure around the system that includes a frame but otherwise open arrangement. In further alternative embodiments, a nozzle is attached to the housing to assist in movement of the system in the direction away from the direction of the nozzle discharge.

[0056] FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of an alternative embodiment to the above described embodiments that adds at least one coil plate having at least one magnet plate 500 and a coil plate 510 having at least one coil array (or together as a pair are power generation components) for the purpose of multi-phase power generation. The lower magnet plate 500 and the coil plate 510 are illustrated In at least one embodiment, the power generation components are placed at one end or both ends of the disk-pack turbine and storage vessel stack 2507290'. In at least one embodiment, the stack includes at least one disk-pack turbine and at least one storage vessel. In a further embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17, collectors 750 are placed around the periphery of the disk-pack turbine and storage vessel stack 2507290' to potentiate field energies emanating from the disk-pack turbines 250'. In at least one embodiment, the collectors are spaced around the inside of the housing 500C, which in the illustrated embodiment includes a different support structure 520C that includes centering support arms and risers. The illustrated collector 750 includes a plurality of fins 752 extending from a base 754, and although the fins are illustrated as being vertical walls extending from the base 754, the fins 752 may take a variety of forms besides the substantially straight walls.

[0057] In a further embodiment to the above described embodiments, the housing includes a flux return to reflect diamagnetic fields produced by the disk-pack turbines back onto the disk- pack turbines, and in at least one embodiment provide a shield to the dispersion of the diamagnetic fields beyond the system. An example of how the housing could incorporate the flux return is to laminate (or otherwise plate) surfaces within the housing cavity in which the system operates, incorporate certain material into the walls of the housing, or provide a separate structure within or on the housing. An example of material that can be used for the flux return is iron, steel, bismuth, and copper. In a further embodiment, the flux return includes a plurality of layers where each layer is selected from iron, steel, bismuth, and copper resulting in a combination of all or some material being used in any order. In at least one embodiment, the flux shield includes one or more plates attached to the outer surfaces of the outer two disk- pack turbines (or magnet plate(s)). In a further plate embodiment, at least one plate of the flux return is spaced from the disk-pack turbine in a housing or on a shelf. In at least one separate structure embodiment, the flux return includes a housing that shrouds the top and sides of one or more of the disk-pack turbines. Examples of shapes for the housing include bell, cylindrical, and conical.

[0058] In at least one further embodiment to the above described embodiments, the housing includes an ignition chamber into which the discharge gas and/or fluid is collected for ignition with this further discharge released through, for example, at least one nozzle or through a plurality of radially arranged nozzles. The resulting exhaust in at least one embodiment would be substantially water vapor when water is the charging media.

F. Waveform Disk Discussion

[0059] The previously described waveforms are examples of the possibilities for their structure. The waveform patterns increase the surface area in which the charging media and fields pass over and through during operation of the system. It is believed the increased surface area as alluded to earlier in this disclosure provides an area in which the environmental fields in the atmosphere are screened in such a way as to provide a magnetic field in the presence of a magnet. This is even true when the waveform disk is stationary and a magnet is passed over its surface (either the waveform side or back side of the waveform disk), and the ebbs and flow of the magnetic field track the waveform patterns on the disk, manifesting in at least one embodiment as strong, geometric eddy currents/geometric molasses.

[0060] As discussed above, the waveform disks include a plurality of radii, grooves and ridges that in most examples are complimentary to each other when present on opposing surfaces. In at least one example, the height in the vertical axis and/or the depth measured along a radius of the disk chambers vary along a radius. In at least one example, when a disk surface with the waveforms on it is viewed looking towards the waveforms, the waveforms take a variety of shapes that radiate from the opening that passes through (or the ridge feature on) the disk. In at least one example, the number of peaks for each level of waveforms progressing out from the center increases, which in a further example includes a multiplier selected from a range of 2 to 8 and more particularly in at least one embodiment is 2. In at least one embodiment, the number of peaks for each level of waveforms progressing out from the center stays the same or increases by a multiplier. In at least one embodiment, the multiplier is selected to amplify and compound internal and external energy interactions and production. In at least one embodiment, when the disks are mated together, there is a doubling effect to the number of waveforms.

[0061] In at least one example, the disk surfaces having waveforms present on it eliminates almost all right angles and flat surfaces from the surface such that the surface includes a continuously curved face. [0062] In at least one example, at least one ridge includes a back channel formed into the outer side of the ridge that together with the complementary groove on the adjoining disk define an area having a vertical oval cross-section.

[0063] In at least one embodiment, one or more waveform disks used in a system include other surface features in addition to the waveforms.

[0064] In at least one embodiment, each disk of the mated pairs of disks is formed of complimentary non-magnetic materials by classification, such that the mated pair incorporating internal hyperbolic relational waveform geometries creates a disk that causes lines of magnetic flux to be looped into a field of powerful diamagnetic tori and repelled by the disk. An example of material to place between the mated disk pairs is phenolic cut into a ring shape to match the shape of the disks.

[0065] In at least one embodiment, the rotors will be directly connected to the respective disks without electrically isolating the rotor from the nested disk. In another embodiment, the disks are electrically isolated from the rotor nesting the disk. This configuration provides for flexibility in changing disks into and out of the disk-pack turbines and/or rearranging the disks.

G. Operation

[0066] In at least one embodiment, the disk-pack turbines are initially rotated by a drive system (attached to and/or capable of flux communication with the driveshaft 310) before relying on the expansion of gas emitting from the disk-pack turbine's periphery. In at least one embodiment, the drive system includes a motor or other drive means, and in a further embodiment the drive system is capable of disengaging from the driveshaft after the initial startup phase. As the disk-pack turbine 250 begins and continues to rotate, charging media will be drawn into the disk chambers 262 where it will be exposed to a variety of pressure zones that, for example, compress, expand, and/or change direction and/or rotation of the charging media particles including disassociating at least some particles from each other to lead to further volumetric expansion that is channeled through the chambers to the periphery to exit out through the compression and expansion zones. As the particles exit the disk-pack turbines, the particles cause additional rotation to the disk-pack turbine from the arcuate expansion chamber in at least one embodiment. In at least one embodiment, the particles exiting the disk-pack turbines are routed by the housing 500 towards one or more nozzles to provide movement to the overall system and anything connected to the system and/or causing rotation of the attached driveshaft(s) acting as prime movers, while a further embodiment the discharge is collected and then ignited prior to routing to one or more nozzles. In a further embodiment, supplementing and/or replenishing the charging media by supplying additional charging media through the supply conduit.

[0067] In at least one further embodiment, when the pressure within the system is less than the external pressure, increasing the amount of material in the system by having at least one of the illustrated one-way valves 320 open to increase the pressure within the system. The one- way valve 320 opens in response to the system pressure being less than the pressure outside of the core system, which in at least one embodiment may be the housing 500 and in other embodiments the atmosphere/environment around the system.

[0068] In at least one embodiment, the charging media is substantially water and/or water vapor whose progression through the waveforms lining the disk chambers results in dissociation of water molecules, which results in instantaneous volumetric gas expansion at scientifically accepted values of between 1 to 1300 and 1800 times original volume. Simultaneously, the energy released is capable of instantly propagating pressures in the range of tens of thousands of pounds per square inch within a chamber or constrained structure. When these high-volume, high-pressure gases enter the convergent modified-hour-glass features (compression zones leading into expansion zones) arranged around the periphery of the disk-pack turbine, the gases are condensed and compressed as they are directed/forced through the narrowed throat of the modified hour-glass form, whereby upon exiting and expanding at the divergent side of each modified hour-glass form, the high-volume, high-pressure gasses are changed/converted into supersonic kinetic flows of energy, capable of producing significant thrust.

H. Conclusion

[0069] While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, numerous changes, alterations and modifications to the described embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims and equivalents thereof. The number, location, and configuration of disks and/or rotors described above and illustrated are examples and for illustration only. Further, the terms disks and rotors are used interchangeably throughout the detailed description without departing from the invention.

[0070] As used above "substantially," "generally," and other words of degree are relative modifiers intended to indicate permissible variation from the characteristic so modified. It is not intended to be limited to the absolute value or characteristic which it modifies but rather possessing more of the physical or functional characteristic than its opposite, and preferably, approaching or approximating such a physical or functional characteristic.

[0071] The foregoing description describes different components of embodiments being "connected" to other components. These connections include physical connections, fluid connections, magnetic connections, flux connections, and other types of connections capable of transmitting and sensing physical phenomena between the components.

[0072] The foregoing description describes different components of embodiments being "in fluid communication" to other components. "In fluid communication" includes the ability for fluid to travel from one component/chamber to another component/chamber.

[0073] Although the present invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments, it is not limited to those embodiments. Alternative embodiments, examples, and modifications which would still be encompassed by the invention may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. The example and alternative embodiments described above may be combined in a variety of ways with each other without departing from the invention.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the embodiments described above can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Claims

IN THE CLAIMS: I claim:

1. A system for the production of thrust comprising:

a housing having a cavity and a plurality of support structures;

at least one driveshaft in rotatable engagement with at least some of said plurality of support structures;

at least two disk-pack turbines connected to said driveshaft, each disk-pack turbine having at least two mated disks spaced apart from each other with waveforms present on a surface facing another disk where the mated waveforms are bordered on a periphery by a plurality of compression chambers each in fluid communication with an expansion chamber, each disk having an axially centered opening passing therethough where the opening is aligned with said driveshaft; and

a storage vessel formed by a wall and at least two of the following: one or both faces of the neighboring disk-pack turbine, a top plate and/or a bottom plate, said storage vessel in fluid communication with said disk chambers.

2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising:

at least one valve present in said driveshaft; and

a supply conduit connected to one of said at least one valve, said supply conduit in fluid communication with said storage vessel.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said expansion chambers are separated by an expansion wall, and

said compression chambers are separated by a compression wall.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein each expansion wall and each compression wall includes at least one beveled surface facing one respective chamber.

5. The system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each expansion wall and each compression wall includes at least one arcuate surface facing one respective chamber.

6. The system according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein each disk-pack turbine further includes at least one gasket present between each neighboring disk and aligned with at least one set of the compression walls or the expansion walls.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the gasket substantially prevents a flow of material over or under the walls that it is aligned with and compressed against.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein said driveshaft includes two driveshafts, a first driveshaft attached to one of the outside surface of the first disk-pack turbine and a second driveshaft attached to the outside surface of the disk-pack turbine furthest from said first disk-pack turbine where the outside surfaces are perpendicular to said driveshafts.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein each of said disk-pack turbines includes a top rotor and a bottom rotor each attached to a respective non-waveform surface of one disk.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a drive system connected to said driveshaft.

1 1. The system according to claim 10, wherein said drive system includes a motor.

12. The system according to any one of claims 1-1 1 , further comprising a motor selectively attached to said at least one driveshaft to facilitate starting of said at least two disk- pack turbines.

13. The system according to any one of claims 1-12, further comprising a flux return lining at least part of said housing.

14. The system according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein said support structures are a frame.

15. The system according to any one of claims 1 -13, wherein said housing is bell shaped with an open end.

16. The system according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein said housing includes at least one cylindrical body around said at least two disk-pack turbines.

17. The system according to any one of claims 1 -13, further comprising a thrust insert inside housing providing a plurality of leverage points.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein said leverage points are substantially perpendicular to a plane dissecting one of said at least one driveshaft.

19. The system according to any one of claims 1-17, further comprising:

at least one magnet plate having a plurality of magnets and/or magnetic regions; and at least one coil plate having a plurality of coils connected to form multiple phases, and wherein said at least one coil plate is between one of said at least one magnet plate and at least one disk-pack turbine.

20. A system for the production of thrust comprising:

a housing having a cavity and a plurality of support structures;

at least one disk-pack turbine connected to said driveshaft, said disk-pack turbine having at least two mated disks spaced apart from each other with waveforms present on a surface facing another disk where the mated waveforms are bordered on a periphery by a plurality of compression chambers each in fluid communication with an expansion chamber, each disk having an axially centered opening passing therethough where the opening is aligned with said driveshaft; and a storage vessel formed by a wall and at least two of the following: one or both faces of the neighboring disk-pack turbine, a top plate and/or a bottom plate, said storage vessel in fluid communication with said disk chambers.

21. The system according to claim 20, further comprising:

at least one valve present in said driveshaft; and

22. The system according to claim 20 or 21 , wherein said expansion chambers are separated by an expansion wall, and

said compression chambers are separated by a compression wall.

23. The system according to claim 22, wherein each expansion wall and each compression wall includes at least one beveled surface facing one respective chamber.

24. The system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein each expansion wall and each compression wall includes at least one arcuate surface facing one respective chamber.

25. The system according to any one of claims 20-24, wherein each disk-pack turbine further includes at least one gasket present between each neighboring disk and aligned with at least one set of the compression walls or the expansion walls.

26. The system according to claim 25, wherein the gasket substantially prevents a flow of material over or under the walls that it is aligned with and compressed against.

27. The system according to any one of claims 20-26, further comprising a thrust member within said housing.

28. The system according to any one of claims 20-27, further comprising:

29. The system according to claim 28, further comprising at least one flux return within said housing.

30. The system according to claim 28 or 29, further comprising a plurality of collectors spaced around a periphery of at least one disk-pack turbine.

31. A method for providing thrust comprising:

rotating a driveshaft connected to at least two disk-pack turbines, each disk-pack turbine having at least two mated disks spaced apart from each other with waveforms present on a surface facing another disk where the waveforms are bordered on a periphery by a plurality of compression chambers each in fluid communication with an expansion chamber, each disk having an axially centered opening passing therethough where the opening is aligned with the driveshaft;

establishing a flow of charging media from a vessel storage to the disk chambers; processing the charging media within the disk chambers including disassociating at least some particles from other particles resulting in increasing pressure;

directing at least some particles through at least one compression zone and then an expansion zone; and

routing the exhausted particles with a housing around the disk-pack turbines.

32. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the charging media includes water and/or water vapor.

33. The method according to claim 31 or 32, wherein rotating the driveshaft is by a motor; and

said method further comprising disengaging the motor from the driveshaft.

34. The method according to any one of claims 31 -33, providing additional leverage for the disk-pack turbines with a thrust ring.

35. A thrust engine as shown in the figures and discussed in the above description.

36. A prime mover as shown in the figures and discussed in the above description.